CEL 746 HYDROELECTRIC ENGINEERING

30th APRIL'08 MAJOR MAX MARKS 60

Q.l
(a) Explain the role of a surge tank located between an upstream reservoir
and a downstream power generating system.
(b) Describe, with the aid of neat sketches, various types of surge tanks
along with their typical features.
(5, 5 marks)
Q.2
(a) What do you understand by stability of surge tanks?
(b) Describe the factors that affect stability of surge tanks with a special
reference to Thoma's criterion and its modifications.
(4,6 marks)
Q.3
(a) Derive the governing dynamic equations for a reservoir - pipeline -
surge tank system. State clearly the underlying assumptions.
(b) Explain the functioning of a differential tank having a central riser
surrounded by a larger diameter outer tank.
(c) Give, with explanations, the governing dynamic equations for each
phase of the operation of a differential tank.
(5, 5, 5 marks)
Q.4
A simple, unrestricted surge tank IOm diameter is at the downstream
end of a 2000m long pipeline whose internal diameter is 2.5 m. At
steady state, the turbine discharge is maintained at 30m3/s while water
level in tank is observed at 18.22m below static water level. Following
sudden shutdown of turbine discharge, estimate water level in the surge
tank 50s after valve closure. Assume ~t = IOs and use the simple
arithmetic method to discretize the dynamic equation.
(15 marks)
Q.5
(a) What are the features of a Peak Load Plant and explain why hydropower
stations are preferred over thermal plants for operation at peak load
position of a metropolitan load curve?
(b) Two hydropower sites, A and B, with an identical energy potential, are
to be developed to take care of anticipated demands for electrical
energy. Knowing that only one of these sites can be developed for
operation at the peak load position, discuss the factors that need to be
considered in order to decide which site, A or B, is to be developed as a
peak load plant and which of the two is assigned a sub-peak position on
the developed load curve in order for the entire installed capacity
provided at these two sites to be firm capacity?
(5,5 marks)