Introduction:

Eukaryotic cells are complex and contain various membrane bound

organelles including the mitochondria and the nucleus. A nucleus is a
dense membrane bound organelle that contains the genetic materials
and the mitochondria are organelles that are responsible for respiration
and energy production activity. The Key components and identifiers for
DNA are the chromosomes located inside the nucleus. The succinate
dehydrogenase, located on the inside of the mitochondrial membrane,
is a positive indicator for the presence of mitochondria.
Each of the organelles has a specific density. DNA carrying nucleus is
the densest organelle followed by mitochondria. Separation of
substances with differing density can be accomplished by using
centrifugation. Centrifugation uses the centripetal forces to separate
two heterogeneous mixtures. For more dense substances lower speeds
can separate the heterogeneous mixtures but to remove less dense
substances from the solution, the solution needs to be centrifuged
faster for a longer period of time.
DCIPThe concentration of the solution can be obtained by using
spectrophotometer. The higher the OD number, the more concentrated
the solution is. It works by measuring the amount of light of a specific
wavelength that passes through a medium. Using these properties and
techniques separate solutions of mitochondria and nucleus were
created and observed
Discussion:
Under the microscope, purple staining was observed for the F1
Solution. This Azure C purple staining is indicative of DNA presence
meaning that pieces of nucleus were present. The OD values for F1 at
zero minutes were 0.519 and 1.578 at 3 minutes mark. This high OD
shows that mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase.
S1 with the Azure C dye had a purple staining under the microscope.
This means that the supernatant 1 had traces of nucleus matter. The
OD at 0 mins was 0.839 and at 3 mins 0.994. The concentration was
less than F1, meaning that the concentration of succinate
dehydrogenase in this sample was low. This result suggests that
mitochondrial traces were present.
P1 had very few scattered pieces of purple staining in the solution. This
staining was observed under the microscope and suggests that there
was a very low concentration of DNA i.e. nucleus present. The OD at 0
mins was 1.767 and 1.685 at 3 mins. This observation suggests that
there was a very high concentration of succinate dehydrogenase. Most

of the P1 solution showed evidence of high mitochondrial

concentrations.
S2 had a 0.776 concentration at 0 mins and 0.585 OD at 3 mins. These
values suggest very low traces of mitochondrial substances. The
microscope created a green picture with what appears to be a large
stained area. This might suggest that nucleus material was present.
P2 had an OD reading of 0.533 at 0 mins and 0.544 at 3 mins. This
observation suggests that there was a very low if any concentration of
succinate dehydrogenase i.e. mitochondrial material.
Different concentrations of P2 were placed in a series of solutions (P2A,
P2B, P2C, & S2). For P2A the OD reading at 0 mins was 0.955 and at
0.996 at 3 mins. It has a velocity of 1.267 * 10-5. This velocity refers to
the rate at which DCIP is reduced. P2B had the starting OD of 0.647 and
0.730 ending OD. The velocity was calculated at 7.90*10-6. P2C had the
starting concentration at 0.649 at 0 mins and 0.676 at 3 mins, with a
velocity of 2.57*10-6. S2 had the OD reading of 0.749 at the start and
the ending OD reading was 0.948 with a velocity of 1.89*10-5. The OD
reading for all the values above unexpectedly increased from 0 mins to
3 mins. This error could be because of calibration error of the
spectrophotometer. Another potential reason could be very small and
limited amount of time provided for reduction of DCIP. It is hard to
decipher which concentration of P2 provided the best results for
reduction of DCIP based on the data, as all values increased after 0
mark.
P1
S1