SUMMARY OF NMR

Introduction of NMR
NMR is study about molecule, by recording the interaction of Radiorequency rom
electromagnetic radiation of nucleus that placed on very strong magnetic field.
While its happen, Zeeman effect will be showed and occurred.
Type of radiation from NMR spectroscopy is occurred of low energy around
100MHz. But in for Alq3, we set in 20 MHz for H molecule of Alq 3. Electromagnetic
radiation will performance its characteristic from particle especially characterization
of its wave. Every radiation from quantum system is called photon and every photon
have a discrete energy, proportionally with electromagnetic radiation frequency.
Chemical bonds usually around 400 kJ/mol, so it just the radiation above visible area
that can broke the bonding, but infrared, microwaves, and Rf cant broke it, so it will
be used or NMR spectroscopy.
The mechanics quantum establish that a particle absorb photon rom
electromagnetic radiation, so that particle must be show some kind of uniform
periodic motion that exactly same with absorbed frequency. When 2 frequency is
same, electromagnetic field can interfere the oscillation of particle, and its called
resonance. NMR involve immersion rom nuclei from magnetic field, then match the
frequency which they precess by the effect o electromagnetic radiation, so
absorption energy can be occurred.
Before put it to the magnetic field, nucleus is spinning from its axis stationary.
External magnetic field caused nucleus spin to perform its precession characteristic,
oftentimes compared by gyroscopic motion. Then Rf apllied perpendicular from
magnetic field with the same frequency of the precession frequency (Larmor
frequency) from the nucleus. Because of that, nucleus suddenly will flip from lower
energy state to the higher energy state, and it can possibly turn back because of
the relaxation. There are two types of relaxation; (1) spin-lattice relaxation (T1) by
the transfer energy to pair around the lattice, and (2) spin-spin relaxation involve
the energy transfer to the neighbor nucleus, from that, the impact is the
transformation or changes the impedance of oscillator and it will be measured as a
signal FID (free induction decay), that saved in computer memory through ADC
(Analog Digital Converter). Finally the signal will converted by mathematical
equation and by fourrier transformation then produce the result of data.
Magnetogyric ratio is q divided by mass of charged particle

If the population from low energy state and high energy state is same, there will
be nothing difference energy from two states of nucleus, so the signal of NMR wont
be showed. To calculate the total o population from 2 states, we can make these
equation

On 100 MHz instrument, if there are 1 million nuclei from low energy state, so
there will be 999.987 on high energy state and 13 nuclei on low energy state.
Because the intensity of signal depends on the difference of nuclei population, and
since population depends on the applied magnetic field, so if we increase the
intensity of magnet, so the signal will show off more.

Instrumentation
Magnet
The most important thing from NMR is magnet. Modern highfield NMR have
oscillation with frequency more than 1000 MHz or more. Solenoid from this magnet
is made