Accumulators
1. DESCRIPTION
1.1. FUNCTION
Fluids are practically
incompressible and cannot
therefore store pressure energy.
The compressibility of a gas
(nitrogen) is utilised in hydro-
pneumatic accumulators for
storing fluids.
HYDAC piston accumulators are
based on this principle.
A piston accumulator consists of
a fluid section and a gas section
with the piston acting as a gas-
proof screen. The gas section
is pre-charged with nitrogen.
The fluid section is connected to
the hydraulic circuit so that the
piston accumulator draws in
fluid when the pressure
increases and the gas is
compressed. When the
pressure drops, the compressed
gas expands and the stored
fluid is displaced into the circuit.
1.2. CONSTRUCTION 1.3. SEALING SYSTEMS Standard piston
Precise information about Design type 1
gas valve operating conditions is required in
end cap safety device order to select the most
appropriate sealing system.
end cap Important criteria for this selection
are, for example:
z design pressure
sealing system z effective pressure differential
z switching frequency or cycles
piston
z temperature fluctuation
Application:
z operating fluid For general accumulator
cylinder z cleanliness of fluid operation without special
(micron rating of filter) requirements.
external seal
z maintenance requirements. Note:
end cap safety device Optimised for applications with a
The sealing systems differ high level of contamination.
fluid connection according to the type of piston Application limitations:
used, each of which has its own Max. piston velocity: 0.5 m/s
HYDAC piston accumulators type and arrangement of seals.
Design type 2
consist of: The following sealing materials are
z a cylinder with very finely available, depending on the
machined internal surface. operating conditions:
z end caps on the gas side and the
z NBR/acrylonitrile butadiene
oil side, sealed with O-rings.
rubber (PERBUNAN)
z a floating light-metal piston which
can easily be accelerated due to z FPM/fluoro rubber (VITON©)
its low weight. z PUR/polyurethane
z a sealing system adapted to the
particular application.
The piston floats on two guide Application:
rings which prevent metal-to- Low-friction design for high piston
metal contact between the piston speeds and slow movements
and the accumulator wall. without stick-slip effect.
For use with certain aggressive or Note:
corrosive fluids, the parts coming Filtration ≤ 20 µm absolute
into contact with the fluid can be Application limitations:
nickel plated for protection, or Maximum piston velocity: 3.5 m/s
made entirely from corrosion-
Design type 3
resistant material.
Suitable materials are also
available for low temperature
applications.
Application:
Low-friction design, simple-to-fit
seals, slow movements without
stick-slip effect.
Note:
Filtration ≤ 20 µm absolute
Application limitations:
Maximum piston velocity: 0.8 m/s
2
1.4. MOUNTING POSITION 1.6. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 1.6.4 Fluids
HYDAC piston accumulators HYDAC piston accumulators are The following sealing materials
operate in any position. Vertical suitable for high flow rates. are suitable for the fluids listed
installation is preferable with the below:
With the largest extended piston
gas side uppermost, to prevent diameter made so far of 800 mm, NBR, resistant to:
contamination from the fluid a flow rate of 1000 l/s can be z mineral oil (HL and HLP)
settling on the piston seals. achieved at a piston velocity z non-flam fluids from the group
Accumulators with electrical limit of 2 m/s. HFA, HFB and HFC
switch monitoring must be z water and seawater up to approx.
1.6.1 Effect of sealing friction
mounted vertically. 100 °C
The permissible piston velocity
1.5. ADVANTAGES OF HYDAC depends on the sealing friction. NBR, not resistant to:
PISTON ACCUMULATORS z aromatic hydrocarbons
Higher piston velocities are
z chlorinated hydrocarbons
z complete range from 0.1 - 1200 l possible where there is less
z amines and ketones
nominal volume sealing friction.
z operating fluids from the group
z high ratios possible between pre- HYDAC piston accumulators of HFD
charge pressure and max. design type 2 allow velocities of
working pressure FPM, resistant to:
up to 3.5 m/s.
z economic solution using back-up z mineral oils (HL and HLP)
1.6.2 Permissible velocities z operating fluids from the group
gas bottles for low pressure
differentials Gas velocity HFD
z high flow rates possible The flow velocities in the gas z fuel, as well as aromatic and
Limitation: max. piston velocity connection and pipe system chlorinated hydrocarbons
z power savings should be limited to 30 m/s when z inorganic acids (but not all, please
z high level of efficiency of the using piston accumulators of the contact our technical department)
hydraulic installation back-up type. Gas velocities of FPM, not resistant to:
z gas-proof and leak-free over 50 m/s should be avoided at z ketones and amines
z no sudden discharge of gas when all costs. z (anhydrous) ammonia
seals are worn Oil velocity z organic acids such as formic acid
z requires little space In order to limit the pressure and acetic acid
z monitoring of the volume across losses when the operating fluid is PUR, resistant to:
the entire piston stroke or displaced, the flow velocity should z mineral oils (HL and HLP)
electrical limit switch not exceed 10 m/s in the adaptor z non-flam fluids from the group
cross-section. HFA
Further advantages of using the 1.6.3 Function tests and fatigue tests PUR, not resistant to:
low-friction sealing system: Function tests and fatigue tests z water and water-glycol mixtures
z minimum friction are carried out to ensure z alkalis
z also suitable for low pressure continuous improvement of our z acids
differentials piston accumulators.
z no start-up friction By subjecting the accumulators to 1.6.5 Temperature ranges
z no stick-slip endurance tests under realistic as of the seals
z low noise, no vibration well as extreme working Material HYDAC Long-term
z high piston velocity up to 3.5 m/s conditions, important data can be abbrev. Code temp. range
for piston type 2 obtained about the long-term
z improved accumulator efficiency NBR 2 -20 °C...+ 80 °C
behaviour of the components.
z good life expectancy of seals FPM 6 -15 °C...+160 °C
because of low wear Important information on gas
density and the life expectancy of PUR 8 -30 °C...+ 80 °C
z suitable for large temperature
the seals is gained from such For temperatures outside these
fluctuations
tests. ranges, please contact our
z low maintenance requirement
Vital data for use in accumulator technical department for more
sizing is gained by altering the information.
working pressure and switching There are also special grades
cycles. available depending on the
application.
1.6.6 Gas charging
Only charge with 99.995%
nitrogen, filtered to < 3 µm.
Please contact HYDAC if using
other types of gases.
Never use oxygen,
RISK OF EXPLOSION.
3
1.7. PISTON POSITION
INDICATORS
1.7.1 Electrical limit switch 1.7.2 Protruding piston 1.7.3 Ultrasonic 1.7.4 Cable tension
rod measurement system measurement system
The electrical limit switch The protruding piston rod The piston position is Using the cable tension
usually monitors the max. permits control of the position determined by ultrasonic measurement system, the
charged condition of the piston of the piston over the whole measurement. position of the piston can be
accumulator. It can, however, stroke. It consists of the piston It is only possible to take the determined by means of a
also permit control functions of rod, which is fixed to the piston measurements from the fluid cable which is fixed to the
the attached hydraulics to be and sealed in, and the so- side because a continuous piston.
carried out over a certain called trip cam which actuates sound carrier medium is The cable is attached to a
stroke length. the limit switches. required for the ultrasound. In wheel which is tensioned by a
The limit switch consists of the The position of the piston can order to eliminate false spring. This wheel alters an
switching rod with a permanent be monitored at any point using readings, the fluid must be as electrical resistance via an
solenoid which is not attached the trip cam. This facility is free of air bubbles as possible. attached rotary potentiometer
to the piston and can only used mainly to switch the pump The piston should be mounted during the piston movement.
achieve a limited stroke, and on and off. so that no air can collect under This resistance is converted by
an anti-magnetic housing and Normally, the piston rod the sensor. a transducer into an electrical
two or more switches. protrudes from the accumulator The measurement data is signal (standard: 4 .. 20 mA;
These switches can be on the fluid side to avoid evaluated by a microprocessor optionally 0 .. 10 V) with the
normally closed/normally open possible points of leakage on and is converted into a result that this can be
or bistable; a N/C or N/O and a the gas side. On the protruding continuous measurement processed directly by a PLC
bistable switch cannot be fitted piston rod version the hydraulic signal. It is possible to obtain system. The signal is fed
simultaneously to a limit switch. connection will be on the side, interim measurement results to through the end cap to a
Our standard limit switch is if the size of the end cap does switch system parts e.g. turn pressure-tight cable gland.
fitted with a normally closed not permit otherwise. the pump on and off. Alternatively a microprocessor
and normally open switch. can indicate the piston position.
The protruding piston rod The most important features of Up to 4 positions of the piston
On another model, switching is functions in any mounting the system are: can also be picked up by the
carried out by inductive position. There must however z Protection class microprocessor to switch
proximity switches. be sufficient space available for IP 65 according to system parts. The electronics
Reset is achieved by force of the piston to move in and out. DIN 40050 has the following outputs:
gravity, a spring or by a The maximum piston velocity z 6 LED display 1. Parallel port: RS 232
patented hydraulic reset must not exceed 0.5 m/s over
mechanism (special model). the whole stroke. z Outputs 2. 4 floating switching outputs.
The function of the limit switch - 5 floating relay switches The max. pressure must not
is not dependent on the (with 125 V, 1 A rating), of exceed 280 bar. The piston
mounting position (with the which 1 is error output, acceleration is limited to certain
exception of the model with and 4 are freely adjustable values according to
gravitational reset). Vertical switching thresholds measurement system forces,
mounting is preferable, due to between 0 and 100% approx. 7 .. 30 g, and is limited
the friction and possible wear - 4-20 mA to a maximum velocity of 0.5
and tear in the rod guide. The maximum pressure on m/s. The measurement system
the sensor must not exceed is not suitable for high cycles
The maximum piston velocity and large cyclic conditions
must not exceed 0.5 m/s over 350 bar.
(max. cycle = 5 min-1). The
the stroke range of the limit piston should be mounted gas
switch. side uppermost, in exceptional
cases it can be mounted
horizontally. The cable tension
measurement system can only
be fitted to the gas side of the
piston accumulator.
4
2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
1.7.5 Magnetic flapper 2.1. MODEL CODE
indication (also order example) SK350 – 20 / 2112 U – 350 AAG – VA – 18 A – 1
Series
Supplementary equipment
A = electrical limit switch - 35 mm stroke
B = electrical limit switch - 200 mm stroke
C = electrical limit switch - 500 mm stroke
K = protruding piston rod
M = magnetic flapper indication
S = cable tension measurement system
U = ultrasonic measurement system
E.. = special switch (fixed and adjustable)
P = magnetic piston
Safety devices
1 = burst disc (indicate nominal pressure and temperature)
2 = gas safety valve
3 = temperature fuse plug
5
Table 1, Connection type 2.1.1 Nominal volume [litres]
Code Description See table 3.1.
2.1.2 Effective gas volume V0 [litres]
A Threaded connection (female) These differ slightly from the
nominal volume and form the
B Threaded connection (male)
basis of the calculations of the
F Flange connection usable volume.
H Protruding flange The gas volume V is larger than
K Combination connection the nominal volume given in the
V Gas valve type tables 3.1. - 3.3., by the amount
given below:
6
3. DIMENSIONS Nominal 1) Series Country code U Fig.
3.1. PISTON ACCUMULATOR volume ø D1 ø D2 A ±3 Permiss. ø D3 B Weight
2) working
pressure
[litres] [mm] [mm] [mm] [bar] [mm] [mm] [kg]
0.2 195 6
0.5 SK350 60 80 305 350 – – 8 2
1 480 11
0.5 255 10
1 SK350 80 98 355 350 – – 12 2
2 555 16
2.5 500 27
5 SK350 100 126 820 350 – – 38 2
7.5 1140 50
2 350 35
5 SK350 125 160 590 350 – – 50 2
15 1405 100
6 550 54
20 SK350 150 180 1340 350 – – 102 2
40 2475 172
SK210 210 210 69
10 655
SK350 220 350 87
SK210 210 210 98
20 180 1050 – – 2
SK350 220 350 126
SK210 210 210 183
50 2225
SK350 220 350 242
20 925 140
40 SK350 200 235 1565 350 – – 200 2
100 3475 380
Fig. 1
SK210 286 210 188 64 271 1; 2
50 1425
SK350 310 350 – – 497 2
SK210 286 210 188 64 344 1; 2
80 250 2040
SK350 310 350 – – 524 2
SK210 286 210 188 64 441 1; 2
120 2855
SK350 310 350 – – 693 2
120 2060 507
150 SK350 310 350 2450 350 – – 571 2
200 3115 679
SK210 404 210 285 87 717 1; 2
130 1845
SK350 434 350 – – 1003 2
SK210 404 210 285 87 833 1; 2
180 355 2355
SK350 434 350 – – 1198 2
SK210 404 210 285 87 995 1; 2
250 3060
SK350 434 350 – – 1470 2
200 1760 1773
400 SK350 490 580 2820 350 – – 2404 2
600 3880 3034
1) Volume details are examples, others on request.
2) Intermediate sizes are possible, depending on the length/diameter required.
Please contact our technical department.
Fig. 2
7
3.2. PISTON WITH PROTRUDING Nominal 2) Series Country code U Add-
PISTON ROD volume itional
Ø D1 M Ø D4 H F G E ØL
(stroke) Weight
[litres] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [ISO228] [mm] [kg]
0.2
0.5 SK350 60 1)
1
0.5
1 SK350 80 1)
2
2.5 316 7
5 SK350 100 636 7.5
7.5 956 8
214 100 35 42 G 1/8 38
2 165 7
5 SK350 125 405 7.5
15 1220 8
6 340 14
20 SK350 150 1130 20
40 2265 30
SK210
10 393 13
SK350
SK210
20 180 275 156 788 55 63 19
SK350
SK210
50 1963 29
SK350
20 635 16
40 SK350 200 1275 20
100 3185 35
SK210
50 1017 31
SK350 G 1/2 60
SK210
80 250 300 200 1632 55 89 33
SK350
SK210
120 2447 35
SK350
120 1598 39
150 SK350 310 1988 40
200 2653 42
SK210
130 1311 89
SK350 300 245 63 110
SK210
180 355 1821 96
SK350
SK210
250 2526 106
SK350
200
400 SK350 490
600
1) Protruding piston rod is not possible for these piston sizes.
2) Volume details are examples, others on request.
8
3.3. PISTON ACCUMULATOR WITH Nominal 2) Series Country code U
ELECTRICAL LIMIT SWITCH volume Ø D1 Gas side N Additional Weight
connection 3) A B C A B C
[litres] [mm] [ISO228] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kg] [kg] [kg]
0.2
0.5 SK350 60 1)
1
0.5
1 SK350 80 1)
2
Connection for Charging and Testing Unit FPU 2.5
5 SK350 100
7.5
G ¾ lateral 2.55 4.85 7.15
2
5 SK350 125
15
6
20 SK350 150 G 3/4
40
SK210
10
SK350 2.60 4.90 7.20
SK210
20 180 G1
SK350
SK210
50
SK350
20
40 SK350 200 G1 2.65 4.95 7.25
100
209 439 679
SK210
50
SK350
SK210
80 250 G 1 1/4 2.80 5.10 7.40
SK350
SK210
120
SK350
120
150 SK350 310 G 1 1/4 2.90 5.20 7.50
200
SK210
130
SK350
SK210
180 355 G 1 1/2 2.80 5.10 7.40
SK350
SK210
250
SK350
200
400 SK350 490 G2 3.00 5.30 7.60
600
1) Electrical limit switch is not possible for these piston sizes.
2) Volume details are examples, others on request.
3) Standard connection for back-up type, others on request.
10
4.2. ASSEMBLY Assembly sleeves for piston 5. NOTE
RECOMMENDATION accumulators (Table 11)
The information in this brochure
Before assembling or dismantling Piston To fit the seals relates to the operating conditions
an accumulator or accumulator diam. Type 1+2 Type 3 and applications described.
system, the system must always 60 00297430 02107565 For applications or operating
be depressurised. 80 00244991 02104701 conditions not described, please
The gas and fluid side must be 100 00352198 03016277 contact the relevant technical
depressurised and the gas valve 125 00370734 03016278 department.
unscrewed or opened before the 150 02124157 03016279 Subject to technical modifications.
accumulator is dismantled.
180 00350148 03016280
Before the end caps are removed,
200 03016276 03016281
ensure that the piston is moving
freely. This may be achieved by 250 00290035 03016282
using a rod. Only authorised 310 02127304 –
personnel should repair piston 355 00354147 –
accumulators with locked pistons. 490 3114220 –
Piston accumulators with internal
diameters up to 250 mm are fitted Piston
To mount the piston
with a securing pin. This pin is to diam.
prevent the end cap being 60 02120188
removed incorrectly. It must be 80 00359614
taken out before removing the 00290056 (M105x2)
end cap. 100 02117672 (M110x3)
There may be a risk of injury due 125 02128223
to stray components. 150 02124161
00290049 (M186x3)
180 02122356 (M190x4)
200 03016284
250 00290046
310 02127305
355 00290985
490 03114219
11