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Table 5: Reservoir Fluid Composition

Components

(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)

Flashed Liquid
Flashed Gas

Monophasic Fluid
Mass %

Mole %

Mass %

Mole %

Mass %

Mole %

Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
I - Butane
N - Butane
I - Pentane
N - Pentane
pseudo C6H14
pseudo C7H16
pseudo C8H18
pseudo C9H20
pseudo C10H22
pseudo C11H24
pseudo C12H26
pseudo C13H28
pseudo C14H30
pseudo C15H32
pseudo C16H34
pseudo C17H36
pseudo C18H38
pseudo C19H40
pseudo C20H42
pseudo C21H44
pseudo C22H46
pseudo C23H48
pseudo C24H50
pseudo C25H52
pseudo C26H54
pseudo C27H56
pseudo C28H58
pseudo C29H60
C30+

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.14
0.65
0.36
1.41
1.08
1.67
3.59
7.30
7.93
8.19
6.23
5.83
6.72
6.57
4.63
3.08
2.48
2.09
2.28
2.11
1.65
1.55
1.38
1.31
1.26
1.13
1.08
1.06
0.99
1.01
13.22

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.13
0.09
0.37
0.35
0.55
1.36
3.17
3.84
4.49
3.78
3.88
4.90
5.20
3.98
2.87
2.49
2.24
2.59
2.51
2.05
2.04
1.87
1.85
1.85
1.72
1.71
1.73
1.67
1.75
32.94

0.56
0.60
0.00
71.99
8.24
9.00
1.69
4.30
1.08
1.12
0.74
0.50
0.16
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.63
1.07
0.00
46.60
10.00
16.01
3.96
10.08
3.14
3.26
2.51
1.94
0.69
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.38
0.41
0.00
48.83
5.63
6.31
1.26
3.37
1.08
1.30
1.66
2.69
2.66
2.65
2.00
1.88
2.16
2.11
1.49
0.99
0.80
0.67
0.73
0.68
0.53
0.50
0.44
0.42
0.41
0.36
0.35
0.34
0.32
0.33
4.25

0.12
0.20
0.00
8.91
1.93
3.17
0.83
2.23
0.89
1.06
1.58
2.94
3.24
3.65
3.06
3.14
3.96
4.21
3.22
2.32
2.02
1.81
2.09
2.03
1.66
1.65
1.52
1.50
1.49
1.39
1.38
1.40
1.35
1.41
26.65

Total
MW
C30+ MW
MOLE RATIO

100
221.0
550.6
0.3218

100

100
24.8

100

100
87.9
550.6

100

0.6782

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Table 6: Calculated Reservoir Fluid Properties

Properties

(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)

Flashed Liquid
Flashed Gas

Monophasic Fluid

Mole %
C7+
C12+
C20+

91.08
55.60
25.64

0.68
0.00
-

29.77
17.89
8.25

Mass %
C7+
C12+
C20+

97.12
77.97
51.18

2.73
0.00
-

79.07
63.06
41.39

Molar Mass
C7+
C12+
C20+

235.6
309.8
441.0

99.3

233.5
309.8
441.0

Density
C7+
C12+
C20+
C30+
Fluid at 60F

0.860
0.890
0.925
0.949
0.851

0.890
0.925
0.949
-

Gas Relative Density (Air = 1)

0.856

Dry Gross Heat Content (BTU/scf)

Wet Gross Heat Content (BTU/scf)

1,457
1,431

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Differential Vaporization
Results of the differential vaporization test are presented in Table 21 through Table 24 and graphically presented
in Figure 3 through Figure 9.

Oil Phase Properties

The oil properties such as oil formation volume factor, oil density and solution Gas-Oil-ratios are summarized in
Table 21. The oil formation volume factor is presented as a function of differential pressures in Figure 3. As
expected, the oil formation volume factor increases with decreasing pressure until the bubblepoint, and
subsequently, decreases with decreasing pressure. Solution GOR shows a decreasing trend with decreasing
pressures (Figure 4). Oil densities were measured at the initial and the saturation pressure conditions and the
intermediate values are calculated based on known mass and measured volume. The liquid density is measured to
be 0.656 g/cc at the bubblepoint pressure (Table 21). The liquid density decreases with decreasing pressure until
the bubblepoint, and increases with further decrease in pressure (Figure 5).

Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Table 21: DV Oil Phase Properties
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
Pressure
Oil Volume
Gas-Oil
Factor (Bo)
Ratio
(psia)
(scf/bbl)

Pi

Pb

10084
8015
6515
5193
4965
4565
4365
4165
3986
3465
2965
2465
1965
1465
965
465
14.696

Residual oil density at 60 F (g/cc):

API Gravity
:

1.502
1.530
1.555
1.581
1.586
1.596
1.601
1.607
1.612
1.534
1.464
1.402
1.341
1.291
1.240
1.185
1.063

1090
940
803
670
541
433
316
195
0

Liquid
Density
(g/cc)
0.704
0.691
0.680
0.669
0.667
0.663
0.661
0.658
0.656
0.674
0.692
0.708
0.726
0.742
0.757
0.775
0.803

0.853
34.3

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Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Figure 3: DV Oil Volume Factor (Bo)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
1.70

1.60

Oil Volume Factor

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00
0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Pressure (psia)

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Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Figure 4: DV Gas-Oil Ratio (scf/bbl)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
1200

1000

Gas-Oil Ratio (SCF/STB

800

600

400

200

0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Pressure (psia)

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Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Figure 5: DV Liquid Density (g/cc)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
0.81

0.79

Liquid Density (g/cc)

0.77

0.75

0.73

0.71

0.69

0.67

0.65
0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Pressure (psia)

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Gas Phase Properties

The calculated differentially vaporized gas properties are summarized in Table 22 and graphically presented in
Figures 6 through 9. As seen in the table and figures, gas volume factor shows an increasing trend with a decrease
in pressure. The Gas deviation factor and gas relative density values of the liberated gas tend to decrease slightly
and then increase with a decreasing function of pressure. However, the gas viscosity that is calculated at the
differential pressure steps from gas composition decrease with decrease in pressure as seen in Figure 9.

Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Table 22: DV Gas Phase Properties
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
Pressure

(psia)
3986
3465
2965
2465
1965
1465
965
465
14.696

Gas Volume Gas Deviation Gas Viscosity Gas Relative

Factor (Bg)
Factor (Z)
Density
(Air = 1)
(cP)

0.0047
0.0054
0.0064
0.0081
0.0111
0.0173
0.0374
1.2599

0.884
0.865
0.857
0.864
0.877
0.902
0.938
1.000

0.0216
0.0198
0.0180
0.0164
0.0150
0.0136
0.0120
0.0071

0.722
0.715
0.702
0.690
0.694
0.714
0.778
1.527

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Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Figure 6: DV Gas Volume Factor (Bg)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
1.40

1.20

Gas Volume Factor

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Pressure (psia)

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Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Figure 7: DV Gas Deviation Factor (Z)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
1.02

1.00

0.98

Gas Deviation Factor

0.96

0.94

0.92

0.90

0.88

0.86

0.84
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Pressure (psia)

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Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Figure 8: DV Gas Relative Density (Air = 1)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
1.6

1.5

1.4

Gas Relative Density (Air = 1)

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Pressure (psia)

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Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Figure 9: DV Gas Viscosity (cP)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
0.023

0.021

0.019

Gas Viscosity (cP)

0.017

0.015

0.013

0.011

0.009

0.007

0.005
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Pressure (psia)

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Compositions
Compositions of the differentially liberated gas at each differential pressure step are presented in Table 23 along
with calculated molecular weights. As seen in the table, and as expected, the concentrations of the heavier
components in the liberated gas decreases with a decrease in pressure due to the inability of the gas to
supercritically extract heavy ends at lower pressures.
Composition of the residual oil obtained from the differential vaporization is presented in Table 24. The API Gravity
of the residual oil is measured to be 34.3.

Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Table 23: DV Gas Compositions (mole %)
3465

(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)

2965
2465
1965
1465

Pressure Step (psia)

Components
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen Sulfide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i - Butane
n - Butane
i - Pentane
n - Pentane
Pseudo - Hexanes
Pseudo - Heptanes
Pseudo - Octanes
Pseudo - Nonanes
Pseudo - Decanes
Pseudo - Undecanes
Dodecanes Plus

965

465

14.696

0.50
0.55
0.00
82.55
6.30
5.50
0.91
2.05
0.59
0.64
0.28
0.10
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.51
0.56
0.00
83.37
6.06
5.10
0.83
1.92
0.58
0.67
0.29
0.09
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.51
0.59
0.00
84.24
6.02
4.77
0.74
1.67
0.49
0.58
0.26
0.08
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.52
0.59
0.00
84.85
6.22
4.65
0.67
1.44
0.37
0.39
0.18
0.08
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00

0.52
0.60
0.00
84.03
6.75
4.96
0.69
1.46
0.36
0.39
0.17
0.06
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.61
0.61
0.00
81.58
7.85
5.88
0.79
1.68
0.39
0.40
0.15
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.71
0.71
0.00
74.42
10.56
8.70
1.17
2.43
0.54
0.53
0.17
0.05
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.43
0.36
0.00
24.49
12.85
26.43
5.74
14.46
4.07
4.17
3.11
1.93
1.01
0.48
0.24
0.12
0.13

Total
MW

100
20.92

100
20.70

100
20.35

100
19.99

100
20.11

100
20.67

100
22.53

100
44.24

Relative Density (air = 1)

Wet Gross Heat Content (BTU/scf)
Dry Gross Heat Content (BTU/scf)

0.722
1250
1228

0.715
1238
1216

0.702
1218
1197

0.690
1199
1178

0.694
1205
1184

0.714
1233
1212

0.778
1329
1306

1.527
2497
2453

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Differential Vaporization of Reservoir Fluid at 195.3F

Table 24: DV Residual Liquid Composition (mole %)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
Components
Liquid
(mole %)
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i - Butane
n - Butane
i - Pentane
n - Pentane
Pseudo - Hexanes
Pseudo - Heptanes
Pseudo - Octanes
Pseudo - Nonanes
Pseudo - Decanes
Pseudo - Undecanes
Dodecanes Plus

0.00
0.00
0.31
0.29
1.42
0.97
1.64
3.65
7.35
7.89
7.95
6.23
6.00
56.31

Total
MW
C12+ MW
API Gravity

100
223
311
34.3

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Reservoir Oil Viscosity

The liquid phase viscosity was measured at the reservoir temperature of 195.3F. These values as a function of
selected pressure steps are summarized in Table 25. The liquid phase viscosity values are graphically presented in
Figure 10. As seen in the figures and as expected, the viscosity values decrease with decreasing pressure up to the
bubblepoint and increase with further reduction in pressure below the bubblepoint.

Viscosity of Reservoir Oil at 195F

Table 25: Reservoir Oil Viscosity
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
Pressure
Oil
Viscosity
(psia)
(cP)

Pi

Pb

9045
8070
7105
6100
5193
4585
4265
4085
3986
3740
3605
3085
2495
2102
1567
1338
1079
847
14.696

0.526
0.490
0.457
0.431
0.395
0.379
0.368
0.362
0.359
0.375
0.389
0.468
0.570
0.649
0.784
0.850
0.940
1.045
2.535

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Viscosity of Reservoir Oil at 195.3F

Figure 10: Reservoir Oil Viscosity
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
2.8

Oil Viscosity (cP)

2.3

1.8

1.3

0.8

0.3
0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Pressure (psia)

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Single-Stage Separation Test

Single-stage separation test results are presented in Tables 26 - 28. The fluid properties (i.e., GOR, density and oil
formation volume factor) are presented in Table 13. Single-stage separation test conditions are 115 psia/125oF and
14.696 psia/60oF. As seen in Table 26, the GOR value obtained from the single-stage separation test is 905
SCF/STB and the formation volume factor is 1.517. The compositional analyses of separator gas and tank gas are
summarized in Table 27 and the composition of tank liquid is tabulated in Table 28. The total dry gross heat
content of the separation gases is calculated to be 1357 BTU/scf whereas the total wet gross heat content is
calculated to be 1333 BTU/scf.
With reference to the assumption made in The Properties of Petroleum Fluids (McCain, 1990), the assumption
made in generating reservoir fluid properties from a PVT study is that at pressures below the bubblepoint, the
process in the reservoir can be mimicked by differential vaporization, while the process in the wellbore is
simulated by the separator test. Hence, fluid properties at pressures below saturation pressure can be calculated
by combining the data from the differential vaporization and a separator test.
The differential vaporization flashes that occur in the reservoir at the reservoir temperature (195.3oF) would
liberate more gas than flashes that occur during single-stage separation test conducted at temperature lower than
the reservoir temperature. This expectation held true in this study and the overall solution GOR and Bo did see a
significant decrease when the liberated data were combined with results of the separation test. Results are
summarized in Table 29 and graphically presented in Figures 11 and 12. As seen in these figures, GOR and Bo
values are decreased as the liberated reservoir oil is produced at the surface.

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Separation Test On Reservoir Fluid

Table 26: Separation Test Oil Phase Properties
Pressure

Temperature

(psia)

(F)

3986
115
15

195.3
125
60

(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)

GOR*
Liquid Density Shrinkage
Oil
Separator
Total
Separator Tank Factor** Volume
Factor***
(scf/bbl)
(scf/bbl)
(g/cc)
(g/cc)
905
860
46

0.657
0.792

0.659
0.930
1.000

0.840

1.517
1.075
1.000

* Flashed gas volume (scf) per barrel of stock tank liquid @ 60 F

** Volume of flashed stock tank liquid volume @ 60oF per live oil at that pressure
*** Volume of live oil at its bubblepoint pressure per flashed stock tank liquid volume @ 60oF

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Separation Test On Reservoir Fluid

Table 27: Separation Test Gas Compositions
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
Mole %
Separator Gas
Tank Gas
Pressure Step (psia)
114.696
14.696
Temperature (F)
60
0
Nitrogen
0.68
0.13
Carbon Dioxide
0.62
0.54
Hydrogen Sulfide
0.00
0.00
Methane
81.43
37.51
Ethane
8.20
17.70
Propane
7.50
25.50
i - Butane
1.32
4.60
n - Butane
3.00
10.40
i - Pentane
0.31
1.70
n - Pentane
0.21
1.57
Pseudo - Hexanes
0.09
0.30
Pseudo - Heptanes
0.03
0.04
Pseudo - Octanes
0.01
0.01
Pseudo - Nonanes
0.00
0.00
Pseudo - Decanes
0.00
0.00
Pseudo - Undecanes
0.00
0.00
Dodecanes Plus
0.00
0.00
Total
MW
Relative Density (air = 1)
Molar Ratio
Dry Gross Heat Content (BTU/scf)
Wet Gross Heat Content (BTU/scf)

Total Dry Gross Heat Content (BTU/scf) =

Total Wet Gross Heat Content (BUT/scf) =

103
22.30
0.770
0.9494
1324
1301

100
34.24
1.182
0.0506
1971
1936

1357
1333

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Separation Test on Reservoir Fluid

Table 28: Separation Test Residual Liquid Composition (mole %)
(Sample #2 CSB 6783-MA; Depth 3737.8 m MD)
Components

Liquid
(mole %)

Methane
Ethane
Propane
i - Butane
n - Butane
i - Pentane
n - Pentane
Pseudo - Hexanes
Pseudo - Heptanes
Pseudo - Octanes
Pseudo - Nonanes
Pseudo - Decanes
Pseudo - Undecanes
Dodecanes Plus

0.00
0.00
2.02
0.89
3.06
2.19
2.95
4.42
7.35
7.81
7.53
5.81
5.41
50.55

Total
MW
C12+ MW
API Gravity

100
205
304
36.9

45
WCP/ Oilphase-DBR

PVT Report NAM 2236