STUDENTS: Guillermo Alexander Aguirre Zorrilla

Juan Valdemar Colichon Ramrez

TEACHER: Alan Augusto Powlison

YEAR:

2015

Peru: Country biodiverse

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is
bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the
southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific
Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the
arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes
mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to
the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.
Peru is a wonderful country that has beautiful and exotic cities, which delight
locals and tourists alike with a variety of entertainment, art, design, music, and
one of the richest and most prestigious cuisines in the world.
Peru offers lots of fun and plenty of flavor. The capital city is a modern and fine
example of the cosmopolitan side of Peru.

Fun and Entertainment

Peru offers a wide range of places and activities for relaxing and recreation.
Every city, whether it be on the coast, mountains or jungle, entertains visitors
with a host of events, shows, fairs, festivals and concerts.

Entertainment at night

Peruvians celebrate everything, which is why

our cities have a night entertainment zone,
with nightclubs, bars, peas and discos,
which each night present authentic musical
and artistic acts, with regional fusions,
popular music as well as foreign genres.

Restaurants

Today, gastronomy is a symbol of national

identity. Rich in raw materials, species and
imagination, Peru holds thousands of options
and ideas, each tastier than the last, in top
restaurants, in the sites known as huariques
and on market stalls, where home-made
flavors will make your taste buds tingle.

Shopping Malls

Large and spacious malls, perfect for taking a

walk and going to shows, fast food patios,
multi-screen cinemas and amusement games
for children. All of this in addition to the
entertainment on offer in the main cities, with
department stores and shops selling
exclusive brands.

Cinemas and Theaters

Cinema afternoons and theater nights in

Peru have become part of the national
routine, which is why there is an increasingly
diverse offer. They are comfortable, equipped
with modern technology and provide a full
complement of services.

Peruvian Culture
Peruvian culture is a marvelous blend of modernity and ancient heritage. Our
cities proudly maintain this balance between the old and the new, as places that
are continuously transformed by the changing times and the mixture of cultures.
A cosmopolitan fusion combined with olden time traditions. The cities of Peru
are currently undergoing a process of change and renovation. Many historic
centers are being restored and new infrastructure incorporated. The regional
and departmental capitals offer all of the main health, access and financial
services. They also have shopping malls and handicraft centers as well as a
range of accommodation options, restaurants, local tourist operators and
museums.

Plazas and Historic Monuments

The wide range of native cultures, the mixing

with the Hispanic world, as well as the
development of the Peruvian culture, have
been recorded in beautiful plazas and
historic monuments spread around the
countrys different cities.

Convents and Cathedrals

The main heritage left by the Colonial Era

came from the Catholic faith. Churches were
built throughout the country and often on
places regarded as sacred by the Andean
cultures, with the aim of converting the
indigenous people to the Christian faith. In
several Peruvian cities these churches and/or
convents can still be seen. They are Colonial
architectural jewels, built in European styles
and with elements that bear witness to the
mixture of both cultures.
The convents and churches both offer visitors the chance to see various works
of art from different periods and styles. Some also have small religious
museums and impressive libraries.

Mansions and Estates

During the Viceroyalty of Peru, the Spaniards

introduced the European urbanism model to
the new continent. The new cities were laid
out in grids, with the most important areas
given to the highest authorities. From top
down and in hierarchical order, the
residences were allocated to the conquerors.
In this way colonial style mansions were
commissioned with central patios, spacious
halls, luminous windows and beautiful
balconies and were named after their owners
to differentiate them: Palacio de Torre Tagle,
Casa Osambela, Casa Aliaga, among
others.
During Colonial times, the first methods of working the land and rearing animals
were organized into small scale acreages and farms. Afterwards, around the
middle of the 16th century, the first estates, near the coast and in the Andean
areas were established. They grew crops they had brought from Spain such as
sugar cane, grapes and olives, among others. These estates were remarkable
for their colonial mansions.

Museums

The museums, witnesses to the passage of time

and guardian of the cultural treasures of Peru,
are perfect places to get to know the countrys
history all the way from its ancient origins.
Main destinations and tourist attractions hold
different types of museums, including site,
history,
archaeological
and
ethnographic
museums.

Cultures, Cities and Sacred Sites

From the oldest civilization in America, to the largest and most powerful empire
of the southern continent, Ancient Peru conserves the architectural and artistic
vestiges of fascinating cultures. Discovering them is a breathtaking experience.
Among the sights we can mention: Machu Picchu, Chavin, Chan Chan, Caral,
Kuelap, etc.
Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary
Built high on a mountain, Machu Picchu is an Inca city with temples, palaces,
paths and water channels, which clearly shows the ability of an ancient
civilization to build with huge stone blocks, without any cement, but with great
wisdom. The citadel, which lives in harmony with nature, represents a single
expression of the fusion between mountain and city. Due to its important
historical legacy, Machu Picchu was declared a World Cultural and Natural
Heritage site in 1983. According to research, Machu Picchu was built in the 15th
century by the Inca Pachactec. Even the most well known archaeologists
propose several theories as to the purpose of the citadel, which some consider
to have been a Sanctuary, a Sacred City or an important political, religious and
administrative center.

Lines of Nasca and Pampas of Jumana

On the vast pampas of Nazca Jumana, mysterious lines and geoglyphs form
geometric patterns as well the figures of animals, anthropomorphic beings, and
plants, among others. But their outlines can only be recognized clearly from the
sky aboard small airplanes. Despite numerous studies, the lines are an
enduring 2,000-year-old mystery that neither time, nor the regions powerful
winds, nor any other natural adversaries have been able to erase. Since their
discovery in 1927, many theories have been advanced. Mara Reiche, the
German scholar who dedicated her life to the investigation and preservation of
the lines, put forth the hypothesis of an astronomical calendar whose figures
marked different solar periods. She discovered the ancient practice of carving
ditches in the hard, dry soil and filling them with stones brought from distant
lands. The component of natural gypsum that exists in the region would have
helped preserve the figures over thousands of years. Among the best-known
figures are the hummingbird, the condor, and the monkey. There are more than

800 images outlined in the desert. The best way to view the extensive tracings
is by flyover in the light aircraft that take off from the Nazca airport. On the
Panamericana Sur there are also viewing sites, but only a few of the figures can
be fully seen from there.

Lima: World Heritage Site

In the north is the city of Caral, the oldest civilization of America, and to the
south is the Archaeological Complex of Pachacamac. Lima's history predates
the colonial presence in the country. The establishment of the viceroyalty
transformed the city into the main political and administrative center of South
America. During this period, significant churches, monasteries, mansions and
balconies were built. The arrival of modernity didnt transform the historic center,
which is recognized as a World Heritage Site.
Museums with great works of art, archaeological sites, beaches, the boardwalk,
valleys, natural reserves, the nightlife, the thrill of adventure sports, and the
exquisite cuisine gives Perus capital an authentic personality and makes
tourism in Lima a unique experience in the country. Location: On the west
central coast of Peru, on the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Extension:
Metropolitan Lima: 2,817 km2.

Peru of Adventure
Extreme Experiences
Peru is versatile and its geography proves it to be the perfect place for
adventure. A warm desert coast, an imposing mountain range and a lush jungle

invite you to enjoy all kinds of extreme experiences and adventures including
hiking in the mountains, surf, sandboarding on coastal dunes and canoeing in
rivers.

Natural Peru
Magical Biodiversity and Peruvian Natural Resources
Peru is one of 10 mega-diverse countries of the world, with hundreds of
endemic species of flora and fauna; a paradise for observation of animals and
plants, or the exploration of remote and mythical landscapes.

Peruvian Gastronomy
Peruvian cuisine, considered among the best in the world, inherited its
innovation, mix and flavors from Perus history. Its culinary fusion developed
over a long process of cultural exchange between the Spanish, Africans,
Chinese, Japanese and Italians, among others. The dishes became more and
more varied as races mixed and migrants landed at the port of Callao.
This fusion gives rise to dishes like the unique anticucho de corazn (skewered
cow heart), tacu-tacu stew and carapulcra, dishes which have African heritage.
Nutritious pastas arrived along with Italian migrants, whose adaptations have
resulted in traditional dishes like green or red pasta. Ceviche, Peruvians
emblematic dish, emerged from a fusion with Japanese cuisine. Lastly, the
trend of Novo-Andean cuisine boasts indigenous foods worthy of the most
elegant settings, reclaiming the national flavor that is such an important part of
our identity.