FD13A

November 14, 2005.

POLITICAL CULTURE IN THE CARIBBEAN (continued)

In some Caribbean countries, race can be a significant factor when determining

support for particular parties. This is seen especially in Trinidad and Guyana
where African decent and Indian decent show different preferences for parties. In
JA, this isnt seen as definitively. However, in the past, white or brown persons
were seen as better leaders than black or dark skinned persons.

Gender also plays a role in political culture. The male dominated political
structure still exists. Women are now being more highly educated (more so than
men) and thus are having a greater impact on politics.

Funding of politics often done by large companies shows segregation. This is to

ensure that companies are on the right side of the winning party. These
companies often support more than one party, but support their preferred party
with a greater contribution.

Election dates are not fixed, resulting in more time being spent campaigning vs
governing

Due to small societies, there are limited seats for election. Thus, positions are not
guaranteed. JA has 60 seats, T&T has 36.

Third parties usually suffer.

Prevalence of tribal voting occurs when voting follows that of parents,

grandparents etc. This helps to explain why third parties often suffer.

Patron clientelism explains how voting is done based on what basic amenities can
be supplied by the political leaders. If the leaders dont do enough then the
people say the leaders are bad and a possible switch should occur. Those who do
not follow this culture will lose (more than likely).

Individuals often withdraw from the political process, which probably began with
the middle class (educated people). In the past it may have been 40% (one party),
40% (other party) and 20% (swingers). However, presently it may be that 20%
one party, 20% the other, 40% dont vote, and 20% are swingers.
GENDER IN TERTIARY EDUCATION

Originally, men were the majority at the UWI, but since 1983 (when it was 50/ 50); the
female population has tremendously increased and passed that of the men.
FACTORS:

Genetic considerations can be ruled out

The socialization of society plays a factor. The way in which sons are raised vs
daughters. Example- curfew, chores, homework, etc. Thus, males are taught to
wonder and explore, while females are taught to develop skills and thinking
processes.

Role models also play a factor. For males, it is often the entertainer or sports stars.
For females, it is the women of power. Also, teachers in both primary and high
schools tend to be female.

Carnal distractions occur often because females go through puberty before. At

times of major exams (CXC and A levels) males are going through raging
hormones. The one track mind of males tends to slow their progress and learning
ability.

Males tend to be more risk takers, whereas females tend to be risk averse.
Systematic studying occurs more in females than in males.

Bias is present in the classroom- Female teachers often encourage girls more than
boys, and from an earlier age too)

Due to a sudden expansion in liberalization, females have more opportunities that

they didnt have before. Thus, they seek to be best at everything possible. Males,
having these opportunities from long ago, take them for granted.

Men are still perceived as bread-winners in most societies. As a result, after

CXC a greater majority of males are pressured to go to work in order to help
provide for the family. Females are pushed to finish education to better
themselves.