Fluids
Harish Hirani
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology DELHI
Lubrication & Bearings
http://web.iitd.ac.in/~hirani/
MagnetoRheological
Fluids
Dr. H. Hirani
Mechanical Engnieering, IIT Delhi
Soft magnetic
particles
Carrier
liquid
MR Fluids:
Consist micron (1-10 m) sized, magnetically
polarizable (soft magnets) dispersed in a carrier
liquid such as mineral, silicone oils, kerosene,
water.
Particles > 10 m~ unstable against settling
Stoke' s settling velocity =
2( P f )gai2
9
MR Fluids:
Consist micron (1-10 m) sized, magnetically
polarizable (soft magnets) dispersed in a carrier
liquid such as mineral, silicone oils, kerosene,
water.
Particles > 10 m~ unstable against settling
Stoke' s settling velocity =
2( P f )gr 2
9
2000
Nickel
100
800025,000
Mu metal (75% nickel, 2% chromium, 5% copper, 20,00018% iron)
100,000
Coercivity
Permalloy, Ni81Fe19
0.5-1
Co
20
Ni
150
1500-2000
NdFeB
10,000
SmCo5
40,000
Approx % Composition
Material
Fe
Ni
Co
Mo
Other
Saturation
Maximum
flux density
permeability
B gauss
Iron
99.91
---
---
---
---
2,000
21,500
Purified iron
99.95
---
---
---
---
10,000
21,500
Permalloy
21.2
78.5
---
---
0.3 Mn
100,000
10,700
Mu metal
18
---
---
---
---
100,000
6,500
Particle size
Permeability
Saturation
Non-magnetic carrier fluid
How many particles ???????
MR Fluids:
20-50% by vol. Magnetic particles (higher vol.
Increase off state viscosity).
140
120
100
80
MRF36L
MRF36S
60
MRF36M1
MRF36M2
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
MR Fluid Properties
is plastic viscosity
90
10% by Volume Iron particle
80
70
250
500
Shear Rate (1/s)
750
1000
MR-FLUID..
Make device smart by changing systems
properties( stiffness, damping, viscosity, shear
modulus) in a desirable manner. Sy ~ 0-100 kpa
Useful in active control of vibration & motion, i.e.
engine mount, shock absorbers, seat dampers,
variable resistance equipment, etc.
MR Fluids:
20-50 times stronger than ER fluids, lower
sensitivity to impurities.
Property
MR fluids
ER fluids
50-100 kpa
2-5 kpa
Maximum field
~250 kA/m
~4 kV/mm
0.1-10 pa-s
0.1-10 pa-s
-40-150 oC
+10-90 oC
Stability
Unaffected by
most impurities
Cannot tolerate
impurities
Density
3-4 g/cm3
1-2 g/cm3
0.1 Joules/cm3
0.001 Joules/cm3
2-50 V, 1-2 A
2000-5000 V, 1-10 mA
MRF-132LD
MRF240BS
MRF-336AG
Fluid base
Synthetic oil
Water
Silicone oil
-40-150
0-70
-40-150
Density (g/cc)
3.055
3.818
3.446
80.74%
83.54%
82.02%
0.55-0.6710-3
0.22310-3
0.5810-3
0.80
0.98
0.68
0.25-1.06
0.83-3.68
0.20-1.88
> 150
>93
> 200
Viscosity @ 10s-1/50s-1
(Pa-sec)
0.94/0.33
13.6/5.0
8.5
Small element of
Fluid with sides
dx, dy, and dz
=0
y
P
=
y x
kPa
1030-2070
345-690
1030-2070
55-95
345-620
390-1720
C
204-260
204-260
232-677
82
93
260
91
81
200 RPM
Amplification factor
71
1200 RPM
61
51
AF =
41
31
21
T i=I
T i =0
11
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
Current, A
3/14/2014
27
= yd +
T = 2 2 rh yd +
dr +
h
r1
r2
T = 2h yd
r
h
r 2rw yd + h
2
r3
dr
4
2
w 3 3
3
3
2
2
r r + r2 r1 + w yd r3 r2 + r3 r2
3
3
h
2
2
2
1
MR Brake
Title: Magnetorheological brake operating under
shear, squeezing and valve mode.
Inventor: H. Hirani and C. Sarkar
Application number: 2530/Del/2013
3/14/2014
29
Damper
Attacks the source of vibration
and reduces the movement of
vibration source.
Isolator
Prevents the transmission of
vibration from the vibration
source to another part.
Mount
Advantages
Disadvantages
Passive
Costs.Failure of any
component brings
system to stand still
condition.
Active:Electromecha
nical actuators,
piezoelectric elements
along with closed loop
feed back system.
Semi-active:
combination of the
active and passive
isolator
frequency.
Dynamic Stiffness
Frequency
Natural frequency .
9000 rpm
Tribo-Pairs:
Cam-pushrod
pushrod-rocker arm
rocker arm-rocker
shaft
rocker arm-valve
valve-valve-guide
valve-seat
push rod guide
Valve lift, mm
11
10
9
8
7
1 Amp current
0 amp
6
5
0
3/14/2014
Total slides = 27
38
Computer
Optical Displacement
sensor
AC Motor
Dc
Power
supply
Valve
4 Stroke
Diesel
engine
Electro Magnet
Delta
converte
r
9
8.5
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
Experimental values
Least square fit
200
400
600
800
Valve_Lift =
0.0021(N.I) + 6.6646
3/14/2014
39
Thank U
Variable spring stiffness .