A hydraulic jump is a transition flow from supercritical to subcritical flow.

y2>yc
V1

y1 < yc

Hydraulic jump is one means of reducing the velocity of flow. It may also be used to separate lighter
solids from heavier ones.

HYDRAULIC JUMP IN A RECTANGULAR CHANNEL

V2
y1

V1

y2

y2
y1

Consider a freebody of water containing hydraulic jump

W

F2
F1
P1 = y1

P2 = y2

Considering the Impulse-Momentum Equation

= () ()
= ( ) ( )
1 2 = 2 2 1 1
where: Ef = neglected (if distance between sections is relatively small)
1 =
2 =
Then,

1
2

1

2 1 1
1
2

2 2 =

1
2
1
2

1 1 =
2 2 =

1 2

2 2

1
2

1 2

1
2

1 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 1 1 2

1
2

1 2 2 2 = ( 2 )2 2 ( 1 )1 2

1
2

1 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 1 1 2

2 2 0 =

1
2

2 2 2

1 1 1

From continuity equation

1 = 2
1 1 = 1 1
1 1 = 2 2

Substitute values
1
2
1

1 2 2 2 = 2

1 2 1 2
2 2

1 2 2 2 = 1 2 1

1
2

1 2 2 2 =

1 2 1
2

1
2

2
1
2

1 + 2 =

But
1 =

2
1 2

1
2

1
2
1

1 + 2

1 2

1 2 1 + 2 =
1 2 1
2

1 1 2

1 2 1
2

1 2

ENERGY LOST AND POWER LOST IN A JUMP

Energy Equation 1 2
1

+ 1 +

1 2
2

+ 2 +

2 2

1 2
2 2
1 +
= 2 +
+
2
2
1 = 2 +
=
Power Lost:

energy head lost

Depth of Hydraulic Jump

Solve for y2: consider the equation:
1

2 =

1 2 1 + 2

2 1 + 2 =

2 2
1
2 2
1

2 2 + 1 2 =

2 2 + 1 2 +
2
1
1
2
2
1

2 +
2 +

2 2
1

= 1

+
2

2 2
1

2
1

4 1
8 2
1 3

+1

Extract the square root:

2 +

1
2

1 =

1
2

1
2

2 = 1 +
2 =

But

2
1 3

2 1

Hence, =

8 2
1 3

2 1

1 +

2
2

8 2
1 3

8 2
1 3

22
2
1 3

+1

+1

+1
2 1 2 1 2
2
1 3

+ +

1 2
1

= 2

1 > 1

Likewise,
=

+ +

2 < 1

HYDRAULIC JUMP IN A NON-RECTANGULAR SECTION

yc2

y2

yc1

y1

y2
y1

section thru 1 - 1

section thru 2 - 2

Consider free body water

W
where:

F1

y2
y1

Ff

F2

F1 = A2yc2
F2 = A2yc2
Ef = 0

Impulse-Momentum Equation:
= () ()
1 2 = 2 2 1 1
1 1 2 2 0 =

2 2 2 1 1 1

1 1 2 2 = 2 2 2 1 1 2
Continuity Equation:
1 = 2
1 1 = 1 1
2 =

1 1
2

1 1 2 2 = 2

1 2 1 2
2 2

1 1 2

1 1 2 2 = 1 1 2

1 1 2 2 = 1 1 2

1 2
2

or

*Another solution
= ( ) ( )
1 2 = 2 2 1 1
1 1 2 2 =
1 1 2 2 =
1 1 2 2 =

2 2 2 1 1 2

2
2 2

1
1
1

2
1 2

1. Water flows in a rectangular channel with a width of 4.0 m at a uniform depth of 1.2 m. Adjustment is
made downstream to raise water level to 2.0 m. consequently causing hydraulic jump.
a. Calculate the discharge in the canal.
b. Determine the power lost in a jump.

2.0 m
1.2 m

1.2 m

2. A hydraulic jump occurs in a 5 m wide rectangular canal carrying 6 m3/s on a slope of 0.005. the depth
after the jump is 1.4m.
a.) Calculate the depth before the jump.
b.) Calculate the power lost in a jump.

y2 = 1.4 m

y1 =?

3. A hydraulic jump occurs in a trapezoidal section with bottom width of 4m and side slope of 1:2. The
depth before the jump is 1.20m and after the jump is 1.80m.
a.) Calculate the flow rate in the canal.
b.) Calculate the power lost.
2
1 3

1 2

y2 = 1.80m

y1 = 1.20m

2 3

2 2

1.80
1.20

2 1

1 1
4m

4m

4. A rectangular canal has a width of 4.0m and carries water at the rate of 12m 3/s. its bed slope is
0.0003 and roughness is 0.02. To control the flow, a sluice gate is provided at the entrance to
the canal.
a. Determine whether a hydraulic jump would occur when the sluice gate is adjusted so
that minimum depth after the gate is 0.40 m.
b. If a hydraulic jump would occur in letter (a), how far from the sluice gate will it occur?

5. A rectangular channel has a width of 5m, so=0.0009 and n=0.012. its uniform flow depth is
1.60m. if a sluice gate is adjusted such that a min. depth immediately downstream of the gate is
0.50m.
a. Determine whether a hydraulic jump would occur, and if it occurs
b. how far downstream will it occur
c. type of profile
ys=0.50m
x

y1

yo=1.60
m