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Well Performance Case Study - Oil

Well Design
An oil reservoir has been discovered in the North Sea. A vertical well has been drilled, a test
string inserted and flow characteristics measured. Fluid properties at stock tank and laboratory
conditions have been obtained. Reservoir simulations have been performed to predict the change
in watercut over the field life. The reservoir pressure will be maintained by water injection and
the preference is to avoid the use of artificial lift methods. The engineer is asked to perform the
following tasks:

Task 1. Develop a Calibrated Blackoil Model


1. Plot and observe the partially calibrated oil formation volume factor (OFVF) over a range
of pressures and temperatures to identify any differences between the measured and the
predicted properties.
2. Apply calibration to the OFVF above the bubble point pressure and plot and observe how
the property curves are corrected.
3. Apply calibration to the OFVF below the bubble point pressure and plot and observe how
the property curves are corrected.
4. Plot the uncalibrated oil viscosity and give your observation regarding any differences
between measured and predicted data.
5. Apply calibration to the oil viscosity using first the measured dead oil data and then
further tuning with live oil data. Plot and observe how the property curves are corrected.
6. Apply calibration to the gas viscosity and the gas compressibility. Plot and observe how
the property curves are corrected.

Task 2. Develop a Well Inflow Performance Model

Use the drill string test data to obtain a representative productivity index.

Task 3. Select a Tubing Size for the Production String


Find the smallest tubing size that will allow this production plan to be met on the basis that the
production string will not be replaced during field life. The tubing sizes available are 31/2",
41/2" or 51/2" for which the I.D.'s are 2.992", 3.958" and 4.892".
This can be determined as follows:

Use the systems analysis operation to generate a plot of oil flowrate against watercut for
each of the three tubing sizes.

Overlay the production plan data and identify the smallest size that allows this plan to be
met.

Task 4. Perform NODAL Analysis


Plot and observe the IPR and VLP graph, and provide answers to below questions:

Operating Point Flow rate


Operating Point BHP
AOFP

Data Available
Reservoir Conditions
Reservoir pressure
4,269 psia
Reservoir temperature
210F

Stock Tank Oil Properties


Watercut 0%, GOR 892 scf/STB, Gas SG 0.83, Water SG 1.02,API 36.83

Bubble Point Properties


Pressure 2,647 psia, Temperature 210F, Solution Gas 892scf/STB

Blackoil Calibration Data (Measured)


OFVF (above bubble point pressure)
1.49 @ 4,269 psia and 210F
OFVF (below bubble point pressure)
1.38 @ 2,000 psia and 210F
Dead oil viscosities
0.31 cP @ 200F and 0.8 cP @ 70F

Live oil viscosity


0.29 cP @ 2,000 psia and 210F
Gas viscosity
0.019 cP @ 2,000 psia and 210F
Gas compressibility (Z)
0.85@ 2,000 psia and 210F

Deviation Survey
The well is vertical from the well head on the sea bed. Mid perforations are at a depth of 9,500 ft
from the well head. The ambient temperature varies linearly between 210F at mid perforations
and 60F at the wellhead. The minimum casing inner diameter is 10". The generally accepted
overall heat transfer coefficient of 2 BTU/hr/ft2/F for well bores can be used throughout.
Minimum Pressure Allowed at the Wellhead
300 psia

Multiphase flow correlation


Beggs & Brill revised
Production Strings Available:
I.D. (")

Wall thickness (")

Roughness (")

2.992

0.5

0.001

3.958

0.5

0.001

4.892

0.5

0.001

Drill String Test


Oil Flowrate (Q), sbbl/d
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Production plan obtained from reservoir simulation

Year

Watercut (%)

Oil Flowrate, sbbl/d

12,000

12

10,500

20

9,400

35

7,500

40

7,000

47

6,000

54

5,000

10

60

4,300

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