Hemoptysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

6/24/15, 1:40

Hemoptysis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hemoptysis[a] or haemoptysis is the

act of coughing up blood or bloodstained mucus from the bronchi,
larynx, trachea, or lungs. This can
occur with lung cancer, infections
such as tuberculosis, bronchitis, or
pneumonia, and certain
cardiovascular conditions.

Hemoptysis
ICD-10

R04.2
(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/R04.2)

ICD-9

786.30 (http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?
icd9=786.30)

DiseasesDB 5578 (http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb5578.htm)

MedlinePlus 003073
(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003073.htm)

Contents

MeSH

D006469 (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2009/MB_cgi?
field=uid&term=D006469)

1 Differential diagnosis
2 Diagnosis
3 Treatment
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links

Differential diagnosis
There are many conditions involving hemoptysis, including but not limited to bronchitis and pneumonia most
commonly, but also lung cancers (in smokers, hemoptysis is often persistent), aspergilloma, tuberculosis,
bronchiectasis, coccidioidomycosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonic plague, and cystic fibrosis. Rarer causes
include hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome), Goodpasture's
syndrome, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In children, hemoptysis is commonly caused by the presence
of a foreign body in the airway. The condition can also result from over-anticoagulation from treatment by
drugs such as warfarin.
Blood-laced mucus from the sinus or nose area can sometimes be misidentified as symptomatic of hemoptysis
(such secretions can be a sign of nasal or sinus cancer, but also a sinus infection). Extensive non-respiratory
injury can also cause one to cough up blood. Cardiac causes like congestive heart failure and mitral stenosis
should be ruled out.
The origin of blood can be identified by observing its color. Bright-red, foamy blood comes from the respiratory
tract, whereas dark-red, coffee-colored blood comes from the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes hemoptysis may
be rust-colored.
Lung cancer, including both non-small cell lung carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma.[1][2]
Sarcoidosis[3]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysis

Page 1 of 4

Hemoptysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

6/24/15, 1:40

Aspergilloma[4]
Tuberculosis[5]
Histoplasmosis[6]
Pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
Foreign body aspiration and aspiration pneumonia
Goodpasture's syndrome[7]
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis[8]
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)
Bronchitis[9]
Bronchiectasis[9]
Pulmonary embolism[10]
Anticoagulant use[10]
Trauma[10]
Lung abscess[10]
Mitral stenosis
Tropical eosinophilia
Drug induced
Bleeding disorders
Hughes-Stovin Syndrome and other variants of Behet's disease

Diagnosis
Past history, history of present illness, family history
history of tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, chronic
bronchitis, mitral stenosis, etc.
history of cigarette smoking, occupational
diseases by exposure to silica dust, etc.
Blood
duration, frequency, amount
Amounts of blood: large amounts of blood, or
is there blood-streaked sputum
Probable source of bleeding: Is the blood
coughed up, or vomited?
Bloody sputum
color, characters: blood-streaked, fresh blood,
frothy pink, bloody gelatinous.
Accompanying symptoms
fever, chest pain, coughing, purulent sputum,
mucocutaneous bleeding, jaundice.
Imaging examination
chest X-ray, CT scan and 3D reconstruction
images or CT virtual bronchoscopy, bronchial
angiography.
Laboratory tests
blood test: WBC
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysis

Diagnostic approach to solving the puzzle of

hemoptysis.

Page 2 of 4

Hemoptysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

6/24/15, 1:40

Sputum: cells and bacterial examinations, sputum culture

Bronchial fiber endoscopy[11]

Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Treatments include iced saline, and topical vasoconstrictors such as
adrenalin or vasopressin. Selective bronchial intubation can be used to collapse the lung that is bleeding. Also,
endobronchial tamponade can be used. Laser photocoagulation can be used to stop bleeding during
bronchoscopy. Angiography of bronchial arteries can be performed to locate the bleeding, and it can often be
embolized.[12] Surgical option is usually the last resort, and can involve, removal of a lung lobe or removal of
the entire lung. Nonsmall-cell lung cancer can also be treated with erlotinib or gefitinib.[13]

Notes
a. Pronounced /hmptss/ and also known as emptysis.

References
1. Google Health Google (https://health.google.com/health/ref/Lung+cancer+-+small+cell)
2. Google Health Google (https://health.google.com/health/ref/Lung+cancer+-+non-small+cell)
3. Sarcoidosis Signs & Symptoms - Sarcoidosis - HealthCommunities.com
(http://www.pulmonologychannel.com/sarcoidosis/symptoms.shtml)
4. MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Pulmonary aspergilloma (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000127.htm)
5. Google Health Google (https://health.google.com/health/ref/Pulmonary+tuberculosis)
6. Histoplasmosis Symptoms - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic
(http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/histoplasmosis/DS00517/DSECTION=symptoms)
7. Pediatric Goodpasture Syndrome (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1001872-overview) at eMedicine
8. Wegener's granulomatosis Symptoms - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic
(http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/wegeners-granulomatosis/DS00833/DSECTION=symptoms)
9. Hemoptysis Causes - Hemoptysis - HealthCommunities.com
(http://www.pulmonologychannel.com/hemoptysis/causes.shtml)
10. Other Causes of Hemoptysis - Hemoptysis - HealthCommunities.com
(http://www.pulmonologychannel.com/hemoptysis/other-causes.shtml)
11. Richard F.LeBlond. Diagnostics. US: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 0-07-140923-8.
12. Uppsala Academic Hospital > Guidelines for treatment of acute lung diseases. August 2004. Authors: Christer Hanson,
Carl-Axel Karlsson, Mary Kmpe, Kristina Lamberg, Eva Lindberg, Lavinia Machado Boman, Gunnemar Stlenheim
13. Welcome to Elgg (http://feelsynapsis.com/pg/file/read/65613/treatment-of-nonsmallcell-lung-cancer-with-erlotinib-orgefitinib)

External links
Haemoptysis (http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-254803961) at GPnotebook
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemoptysis&oldid=667995248"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysis

Page 3 of 4

Hemoptysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

6/24/15, 1:40

Categories: Symptoms and signs: Respiratory system Respiratory diseases

This page was last modified on 21 June 2015, at 21:18.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may
apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered
trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysis

Page 4 of 4