Bio30 Report Assignment3 (Without Fuel)

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID USING CORN COBS

AS A SUBSTRATE
Report Assignment 3
GROUP 30
GROUP PERSONNEL:
Evania Hutasoit
(1206248483)
Fajri Muhammad
(1206262203)
Ghilandy Ramadhan
(1206242012)
Maylina Chandra Puspita
(1206212451)
Nathania Dwi Karina
(1206262166)
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK
NOVEMBER 2015
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this assignment, we not use Heat Exchanget Network. The main reason
is because our plant mode process is batch. According to Szijjarto, 2008 in the
batch chemical industry energy consumption represents approximately 10% of the
production cost and offer an interesting target for cost saving. Furthermore the
large number of units used in batch production buildings with parallel production
lines running at the same time does not allow an accurate estimation of the energy
use without the help of a large number of sensors the installation of which implies
an important burden for the plant operation. Batch plants are widely used in the
industry, especially for chemical products or food industry. Batch processes are
discontinuous processes in which heat, mass, temperature and in general any other
operation may vary over time
Because the nature of batch processes is highly variable, the energy
requirements of such plants will be difficult to satisfy with direct energy recovery.
But, considering a plant as a whole, including the activity of the utilities (boilers,
cooling heat exchanger, etc.). The usage of the utility system can also be improved
by optimally sizing the equipment. If they work at nominal conditions for a
maximum amount of time, their efficiency will be maximum. This situation can be
achieved by creating an interface between the energy requirements of the process,
which are variable over time, and the operation of the utility system.
For water utility, we utilizing the water resources from the river Way
Sekampung with 2.900 L/s debit from this river. Water is used for utilize : process
water with total 272,83 MT ; domestic water around 10.000 liters per day; cooling
water require 62.432 kg/batch with make up for cooling water reached up to
4104,90 kg/batch. And for water requirement for steam generation is about 2,95
kg/s. Total electricity in our plant is about 4.693,93 kWh and fuel requirement for
one batch production of lysine is 26913,9 kg of botuminuous.
Universitas Indonesia
TABLE OF CONTENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENT........................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLE...................................................................................................iv
LIST OF FIGURE..................................................................................................v
CHAPTER 1 UTILITY.........................................................................................6
1.1 Utility Equipment Selection and Description................................................7
1.1.1 Water Utility..............................................................................................8
1.1.3 Electricity Requirement..........................................................................18
1.1.4 Fuel Utility..............................................................................................23
CHAPTER 2.........................................................................................................24
CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................24
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................25
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.1 Summary of process utilities....................................................................7

Table 1.2 Bengawan Solo Volumetric Rate..............................................................8
Table 1. 3 Steam requirement.................................................................................11
Table 1. 4 Water Requirements for Cooling Water................................................14
Table 1. 5 Sulphuruc Dillution Data......................................................................15
Table 1. 6 Water Requirements for Cooling Water................................................16
Table 1. 7 Requirement of Domestic Water...........................................................17
Table 1. 8 Total Water Requirement.......................................................................18
Table 1. 9 Power Requirement Process Equipment...............................................18
Table 1.10 Total Power Office Electricity..............................................................22
Table 1. 11 Total Electricity Utilities.....................................................................23
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1.1Water Treatment Process.........................................................................9
CHAPTER 1
UTILITY
There several reason why our plant does not using Heat Exchanger
Network (HEN). The two main reason are listed below :
Batch process
The mode of operation in our plant is the combination of continuous & batch
process, with residence time around 168 hours for the longest process which is
fermentation. Because of this, HEN would not be very effective in our plant. With
a common sense that the batch operation seldom require significant amount of
energy compared to their continuous counterparts, there is much less attention
given to batch HEN synthesis. In our plant, there is no cold and hot stream which
flow in the same specific time procedure. It is because all of the operations are
done in a sequence of scheduling. Besides, the highest temperature of stream in
our plant is just 180C and this stream is used for the hydrolysis process. The
other streams are in mild condition in range of 25-37C. Heat exchanger network
is not an effective alternative to be implemented in our plant because of the
minimum temperature differences between streams.
Lack of varied hot & cold stream

In our plant, we have 2 hot streams of 120C and 180C (protein coagulation and
LHW), and remaining are in ambient temperature. The temperature of stream that
happened in our plant is almost same along the process,which is 30-37C and 7090C at the purification stage, due to the consideration of microbial activity in the
main process of production. Cross-link of the hot and cold streams (cross of the
stream below and above pinch) will require much more utility and we does not
want that happen. The lack of hot and cold stream of course become a obstacle in
heat exchnager network design.
From all of the considerations, we decide to done energy conservation of

ourp plant by creating a utilitities system that will cover all of the heating or
cooling activity in our plant.
1.1 Utility Equipment Selection and Description
Based on the dictionary, utility is a quality or condition which is useful for
something else. In this plant design, the terms utility means for every moving
object which are useful alongside the course of the process manufacture. There are
several utilities used in this plant such as water (cooling agent), steam (heating
agent), electrical (process equipments), and fuel utility (for boiler to generate
steam and electricity).
Process
Table 1.1 Summary of process utilities

Treated
Action
Equipment
Object
Utilitities
requirement
Liquid Hot
Water
Water
Heating
Steam High
Boiler
Pressure
Production
SingleDelignification
Delignificatio
n Tank
Cooling
jacketed
Cooling Water
stirred tank
reactor
Single-
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Tank
Heating
jacketed
Steam High
stirred tank
Pressure
reactor
Reduction of
Stream
Temperature
Cellulose
hydrolysate
Cooling
Seed
Heating
Fermenter and
and
Fermenter
Cooling
Protein
Protein
Heating
Coagulation
Coagulation
Sterilization
Shell and tube

heat exchanger
Chilling Water
Single-
Steam,
jacketed
Cooling Water
stirred tank
and Chilling
reactor
Single-
Water
Steam
jacketed
7
stirred tank
Tank
Lime Dillution
Water
Heating
reactor
Stirred tank
Hot Water
reactor
Table 1. 1 Summary of process utilities (contd)

Calcium
Rotary
Heating
Hot Water
Removal
Citrate
Vacuum Filter
Evaporation
Evaporator
Heating
Evaporator
Steam
Drying
Dry air
Heating
Coil
Fuel
Impurrities
(Source: Private data, 2015)
1.1.1 Water Utility

The location that we have chose is close to the Bengawan Solo River.
Bengawan solo river is the largest river at java. Here the volumetric rate data of
bengawan solo river taken from BPSDA bengawan Solo in 2013.
Table 1.2 Bengawan Solo Volumetric Rate
Source : BPSDA Bengawan Solo, 2013
Water is an important utilities because it supplies the process needs,

generates steam, and for domestic needs. We used a quiet large amount of water
but we consider that the bengawan solo could fullfilled the water requirement. To
ensure a continuous supply of water, it was built on the location of the water
reservoir (water intake) which is also a pre-treatment of river water. This
8
processing includes filtering waste and impurities carried along the water.
Furthermore, water is pumped to the factory to be processed and used as needed.
Water treatment plant consists of several stages.
Figure 1.1Water Treatment Process

(Source: Degremont, 2011)
This is the description for each process :
Screening
Screening stage is the initial stage of water treatment. The purpose of
screening is to maintain the structure of the flow in the utility of the large objects
that may damage the unit of utility facilities and facilitate the separation and
remove solid particles carried in large river. At this stage, the particles will be
filtered without the added of chemicals. Whereas particles smaller would be
bound with water to the next processing unit.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is an early stage of the water treatment plant. In the tank,
the solid particles are large diameter (about 10 microns - 10 mm) will settle due to
gravity without the aid of chemicals, while particles smaller would be bound with
water to the next processing unit.
Clarification
9
Clarification is the removal of turbidity in the water by mixing it with a

solution of Al2(SO4)3 and Na2CO3 (soda ash). Solution of Al2(SO4)3serves as a
primary coagulant and coagulant solute Na2CO3as an addition that serves as an
adjuvant to advance precipitation and pH neutralization. In the clarifier basin,
there will be a process of coagulation and flocculation. This stage aims to get rid
of Suspended Solid (SS) and colloids.
Filtration
Filtration in water purification is a common operation in order to get rid
with Suspended Solid (SS), including particulate BOD in water (Metcalf, 1984).
Materials used in the medium can vary: sand, anthracite (crushed anthracite coal),
carbon active granular, powdered active carbon and garnet stones. The most
commonly used in Africa and Asia are sand and gravel as a primary filter,
consider another type is quite expensive (Kawamura, 1991)
Demineralization
This process is used to remove any ion and mineral to make the water free
of it.
De-aeration
De-aeration serves to heat the water that comes out of the ion exchanger
and condensate tool marks before it is sent as feed water. In this de-aerator, water
is heated to 100C so that the gases dissolved in the water such as O2 and CO2
can be eliminated, because these gases can cause corrosion. The heating is done
by using a heating coil inside the de-aerator.
A. Steam Requirement
Before we choose what kind of boiler or steam generator that we select,
we have to calculate how much steam that we need for this plant. In this plant, we
need steam for two purposes, first is for process production and second is for
10
equipment sterilization. Sterilization is needed because our production process

involves the activity of microorganism (Aspergillus niger), the production line is
very fragile against the contamination which could make the microorganism cant
adapt well. Due to this reason, we have to apply sterilization process for our main
equipment, especially seed fermenter and main fermenter. The method that we
prefer to use is Steam In Place (SIP) method, which uses the saturated steam to
sterilize the vessel between the downtime. Sterilization is performed until the
temperature reached 90oC at a pressure of 1 atm.
The power generation equipment which is used is boiler. This boiler will
evaporate water in order to create high pressure steam. The high pressure steam,
called superheated steam is our main power source to run the factory. So, there
will be two kind of steam which will be used, namely high pressure steam
(Superheated steam) and low pressure steam (saturated steam). The steam go out
from the boiler is only in the form of superheated steam. Superheated steam used
for delignification and hydrolysis. Whereas, other processes that require heat
using a saturated steam. The calculation of steam requirement for process water
heating and sterilization were calculated in the previous assignment. Table below
shows the calculation of steam requirement :
Table 1. 3 Steam requirement
Equipment
Equipment
Name
Code
Liquid Hot
Water Tank
Steam
Temperature
(oC)
R-1022
Steam Requirement
(kg/day)
190
4.91
190
10.92
R-1019,
Hydrolysis Tank
R-1020,
R-1021
Total
15.83
Seed Fermenter
R-2001
120
32.60
Fermenter
R-2002,
120
14.49
R-2003,
11
R-2004
Protein
VE-3003,
Coagulation
120
9.46
120
37.03
VE-3004
Tank
EV-3045,
Evaporator
EV-3049,
EV-3053
Total
93.58
Calculation for Steam at Temperature of 190C

Due to 20% fouling factor and leakage factor of 10%, it can be conclude
that the total amount of steam required is :
Total steam=(100 + fouling factor +leakage factor ) steam requirement
Total steam= (100+ 10+ 20 ) 15.83=20.58 kg/batch
It is assumed that 90% of the condensate can be reused, therefore reused

condensate is :
Reused condensate=90 total steam requirement
Reused condensate=90 20.58 kg /batch=18.52 kg /batch
Because not all of the condensate can be recovered or reused, therefore

additional water is needed to fulfill steam requirements for continuity of
production process. The total addition water needed is :
12
Make up water for boiler =total steam requirementreused condensate
Makeup water for boiler =20.5818.52=2.06 kg/batch
Calculation for Steam at Temperature of 120C
Total steam=(100 + fouling factor +leakage factor ) steam requirement

Total steam= (100+ 10+ 20 ) 93.58=121.66 kg /batch
Reused condensate=90 total steam requirement

Reused condensate=90 121.66 kg /batch=109.49 kg /batch
Makeup water for boiler =total steam requirementreused condensate

Makeup water for boiler =121.66109.49=12.17 kg/batch
B. Cooling Requirement
Cooling water is utilized as primary coolant agent in the cooling system of the
heat exchanger network. Optimum temperature should be reach in order to get the
optimum product. Also in the bioprocess engineering, if the temperature is too hot
or too cold some enzyme will not work and even some microorganisms will dead.
For several process cooling are held by work of cooling water. Q of cool water
can be calculated as below:
13
Q=m c T
Where,
Q = work (kcal)
C = specific heat (kcal .C/ kg)
m = mass (kg)
T = Temperature Different
We also can get the cooling water mass flowrate by using the formula below :
m1 c 1 T =m2 c 2 T
m1=m2
c2
c1
Where,
m1 = stream mass (kg)
m2 = cooling water mass (kg)
C1 = stream heat capacity (kcal .C/ kg)
C2 = cooling water heat capacity = 1 kcal .C/ kg
We have identified all the process which is need cooling aand by the formula
above we calculated
and get several data. The table below is showing the
calculation result :
14
Table 1. 4 Water Requirements for Cooling Water

Mass Flow Rate
Ti
Process
To
(C
Q
t
(Kcal/Batch
Mass Of Water
(Kg/Batch)
(Kg/Batch)
(Kcal/Kg-C)
(C)
Hydrolysis
402.26
0.31
180
50
130
16211.078
124.7006
Fermentation
1209.32
0.49
50
30
20
11851.336
592.5668
Sulphuric Treatment
442.07
0.05
90
70
20
442.07
22.1035
Evaporation
503.45
0.73
70
39
31
11393.0735
367.5185
Crystallization
278.45
0.53
39
35
590.314
147.5785
Centrifuge
210.95
0.39
35
24
11
904.9755
82.2705
41392.847
1336.7384
TOTAL
From the calculation, we consider the Q of chilled water is 41392.847 kcal/batch..

In final calculation, we obtain Wc (chilled water flow rate) is 1336.738 kg/batch.
Those are the cooling water requirement during start up. The cooling water is
reused after being cooled in cooling tower. For per day requirement, we only need
to add make up water to prevent scaling inside cooling tower caused by
accumulated dissolved solids. Assume that some water losses during circulation,
the total amount of make up water needed is the water losses from evaporation,
drift loss and blowdown. Calculation for water losses from evaporation is:
We=0,00085Wc (T 2T 1)
Where:
Wc = inlet water to cooling tower
T2 = inlet water temperature =1800C
T1 = outlet water temperature = 240C
15
We=0,00085 x 1336.738 x (18024)
We=177.25 kg /batch
The water losses from drift loss is usually 0,1-0,2% from the total inlet cooling
water. Assume 0,2% drift loss:
Wd=
0,2
x 1336.738 kg/batch
100
Wd=2.67 kg/batch
Water losses from blowdown depends on the amount of cooling water cycle,
usually between 3-5 cycle. Assume 5 cycle:
Wb=
We 177.25 kg /batch
=
S1
51
Wb=44.313 kg /batch
The total make up cooling water required can then be calculated:
Makeup cooling water=We+ Wd+ Wb
Makeup cooling water=177.25+2.67+ 44.313=224.233 kg/batch

16
C. Process Water
In the citric acid production we used water for several process , many of
the process water are using for washing in equipment cleaning system. The water
calculation for dillution of sulphuric acid is determine as
Table 1. 5 Sulphuruc Dillution Data

Volume
Concentrated reagent
Sulfuric acid 98%
densit
y
required to
Molarity
1,84
18,4
Normality
make 1000 ml
36,8
solution
1M
1 N
54,3
27,2
Dilute ratio in Sulfuric acid aqueous

Sulfuric acid
1: 17,42
151.47 T
dilute water=151.47 MT
17,42
=143.25T /batc h
18,42
New Charge
13,82 T
Total
21,49 T
The table below are shown the process water for several process.
Table 1. 6 Water Requirements for Cooling Water

Process
Equipment
Water Used (T/batch)
Lignin Removal
LHW Tank
20.66
hydrolysis
Fermentor
75.33
17
yeast cultivation
Fermentor
23.22
fermentation
Fermentor
46
biomass removal
Rotary Vacuum Filter
500
calcium oxalate precipitaion
Precipitation Tank
18.46
oxalate removal
500
calcium citrate precipitation
Precipitation Tank
125
calcium citrate separation
500
sulphuric Dillution
Dillution Tank
21.5
gypsum removal
500
carbon active adsorption
Adsorption Column
191.8
Total
2521.97
For citric acid production, process water requirement is 2521.97 Ton per batch.
D. Domestic Water
Domestic water is needed to sustain living condition of the men operating
or working in the plant. We assume that Each people consumes 2 L/day
(UNESCO, 2002). Each people uses 33000 L/year for washing and sanitation
(UNESCO, 2002), so we assume that each people need 93 L water per day for
wahing and sanitaion purposes . Other purposes, such as cleaning in place (CIP),
fire exstinguisher and hydrant water requirement are assume 11,81 tonne per day
(11810 L/day). We assume that 150 people are employed in our plant throughout
the 24 hours. The data below are shown the calculation of domestic water
requirement.
18
Dome stic Water =Amount of People x ( Drink + Sanitation)+Other
Table 1. 7 Requirement of Domestic Water

Amount of People
150 L
Drink
2L
Sanitation
93 L
Other
11810 L
Domestic Water
26060 L
From the calculation above we get the requirement domestic water is 26060 L
every day. For one batch production takes 7 days, so the domestic requirement
water is 182420 L/batch (182.420 ton/batch).
E. Total Water Requirement

From the calculation above we can summed up the total use for in this table
below :
No
Table 1. 8 Total Water Requirement

Requirement
Amount
(Ton/batch)
Water For Steam

A. Steam Water Requirement
19
0.655
Amount
(Ton/year
)
32.75
B. Make Up Water For Steam
0.012
0.6
Cooling Water
1.34
67
0.224
11.2
A. Cooling Water
Requirement
B. Make Up Water For
Cooling Water
Process Water
2521.97
126098.5
Domestic Water
182.42
9121
2706.621
135331.1
Total
1.1.3 Electricity Requirement

Electricity is the main driving force for supporting the equipment in the
plant. Electricity is used by pump, conveyor, agitated tank, crystallizer and dryer.
Supporting equipments that will use electricity may include but not limited to
computers and control instrument, lighting, air conditioning system, etc.
A. Process Equipment
Table 1. 9 Power Requirement Process Equipment
No
Equipment
Code
Power
Electric Power
(HP)
(kW)
Amount
Conveyor 1A
C-101
0.184
0.135
Conveyor 1B
C-102
0.184
1.135
Conveyor 2
C-103
0.175
0.129
Table 1. 9 Power Requirement Process Equipment (Contd)

4
Milling
SR-101
135,962
100
Hydrolysis Tank
R-101
31.8
23.4
20
Fermentor Tank
FR-101
447.146
328.875
Oxalate Precipitation R-102
0.0024
0.00177
Tank
Calcium Citric Acid R-103
218.805
160.93
Prep. Tank
Crystallizer
CR-101
10.93
8.04
10
Dryer
RDR-101
20.6
15.15
11
Pump (Total)
P1-101
1353.12
995.22
P1-102
P1-103
P1-104
P1-105
P1-106
P1-107
P1-108
P1-109
P1-110
P1-111
P1-112
P1-113
P1-114
P1-115
P1-116
P1-117
21
P1-118
P1-119
P1-120
P1-121
P1-122
P1-123
P1-124
P1-125
P1-126
12
Heater 1
HT - 101
0.7251
13
Heater 2
HT - 102
0.9426
14
Heater 3
HT - 103
0.1885
Total (kW)
1634.87197
kWh
39236.92728
B. Plant and Office Lighting

The total lighting consists of the lighting in process area, office and electronics.
The calculation will use the term of illumiance (E). The equation can be seen in
the following formula.
E=
N . . LLF . UF . n
A
where:
22
N=number of lamp points
=total lumen ( Lm )
LLF=light loss factor=0,8 ( SNI standard )
UF=Utility factor=0,8(SNI standard )
n=numbe r of lamps each lamp point
A=areabuilding (m 2)
Process area lightning

There will be several assumption in order to calculate this electricity need.
Total process area
= 7000 m2
Lamp type used
= Fluorescent lamp PL-L 36 watt = 2160 lumen
Luminous efficacy
= 60 lm/W
E ( process area )=
700 2160 0.8 0.8 1

=138.24 lux
7000
Total illuminance = 138.24 lux
From the value of total illuminance 138.24 lux and luminous efficacy 60 lm/W,
the calculation carried out by www.rapidtables.com and known that
138.24 lux = 16128 watt = 16.128 kW
Office area lighting

The total area office is 1000 m2 with:
23
First floor area = 700 m2 and number of lamp point = 120
Second floor area = 300 m2 and number of lamp point is 50
This office use florescent lamp Master TL-D HF/16 watt or 960 lumen. By this
data, it can be derived illuminance:
E ( at first floor )=
120 x 960 x 0,8 x 0,8 x 1

=105.33lux
700
E ( at second floor )=
50 x 960 x 0,8 x 0,8 x 1

=102.4 lux
300
Total illuminance = 207.73 lux = 3.43 kW
Total power needed for lighting is the sum of process lighting and office lighting,
therefore the total lighting needs is: 16.128 kW + 3.43 kW = 19.5582 kW.
C. Office Equipment
In our office, most of the workers have their personal computer with networking
and also associated with other IT equipments such as computer, printers, modems
and faxes. Office equipment is every goods or tools that is needed in the office
work. The list of the as well as the power can be seen in the table below:
Table 1.10 Total Power Office Electricity

Electricity
Equipment
Amount
Total Electricity (kW)

(watt)
Computer
30
250
7.5
Printer, scanner,
10
150
1.5
and photocopy
24
machine
Ait conditioner
20
300
Dispenser
150
0.3
Generator
3000
15
Telephone
10
0.05
40
0,04
Total
30.39
Other equipment
Source : private data
With the average usage of the equipments are 24 hours, we can count the energy
usage of the equipments in a day.
Energy usage=30.39 kW x 24 hours=6593.41 kWh
D. Other Electricity
Other electricity is including lifts, exterior and park lighting, security system, and
all energy that used outside the measured treated area. The assumption to other
electricity is 30 kWh
Table 1. 11 Total Electricity Utilities

Component
Power (kWh)
Process Equipment
97980.9462 kWh
Office Lighting
19.5582 kWh
Office equipment
6593.41 kWh
Other electricity
30 kWh
Total Electricity
104593.91 kWh
Source : private data
25
1.1.4 Fuel Utility
26
CHAPTER 2
CONCLUSION
1. So in our plant we decided not to use Heat Exchanger Network because of

some reasons like following below :
Batch Process : The mode of operation in our plant is the combination of

continuous & batch process, with residence time around 72 hours for the
longest process which is fermentation.

Lack of varied hot & cold stream : . The lack of hot and cold stream of
course become a obstacle in heat exchnager network design.

2. To assist the overall process of this plant, we need the facility to help
providing & distributing some additional resources for the plant, but not
directly involved in the process, like water, steam & electricity.
3. By calculating the water for steam requirement , cooling water requirement,
process water, and domestic water, the total water requirement for this plant is
2706.621 ton/batch or 135331.1 ton/year.
4. By calculating the process power requirement, plant & office lightning, office
equipment, and other electricity, the total electricity requirement for this plant
is 104593.91 kWh
5. For fuel requirement
27
REFERENCES
28
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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

PRODUCTION OF CITRIC ACID USING CORN COBS

Maylina Chandra Puspita

Nathania Dwi Karina

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Table 1.1 Summary of process utilities....................................................................7

Lack of varied hot & cold stream

From all of the considerations, we decide to done energy conservation of

Table 1.1 Summary of process utilities

Shell and tube

Table 1. 1 Summary of process utilities (contd)

(Source: Private data, 2015)

1.1.1 Water Utility

Table 1.2 Bengawan Solo Volumetric Rate

Source : BPSDA Bengawan Solo, 2013

Water is an important utilities because it supplies the process needs,

Figure 1.1Water Treatment Process

This is the description for each process :

Clarification is the removal of turbidity in the water by mixing it with a

equipment sterilization. Sterilization is needed because our production process

(Source: Private data, 2015)

Calculation for Steam at Temperature of 190C

that the total amount of steam required is :

Total steam=(100 + fouling factor +leakage factor ) steam requirement

Total steam= (100+ 10+ 20 ) 15.83=20.58 kg/batch

It is assumed that 90% of the condensate can be reused, therefore reused

Reused condensate=90 20.58 kg /batch=18.52 kg /batch

Because not all of the condensate can be recovered or reused, therefore

Make up water for boiler =total steam requirementreused condensate

Makeup water for boiler =20.5818.52=2.06 kg/batch

Calculation for Steam at Temperature of 120C

Total steam=(100 + fouling factor +leakage factor ) steam requirement

Reused condensate=90 total steam requirement

Makeup water for boiler =total steam requirementreused condensate

and get several data. The table below is showing the

Table 1. 4 Water Requirements for Cooling Water

(Source: Private data, 2015)

From the calculation, we consider the Q of chilled water is 41392.847 kcal/batch..

We=0,00085 x 1336.738 x (18024)

The total make up cooling water required can then be calculated:

Makeup cooling water=We+ Wd+ Wb

Makeup cooling water=177.25+2.67+ 44.313=224.233 kg/batch

Table 1. 5 Sulphuruc Dillution Data

Sulfuric acid 98%

(Source: Private data, 2015)

Dilute ratio in Sulfuric acid aqueous

Table 1. 6 Water Requirements for Cooling Water

Water Used (T/batch)

Rotary Vacuum Filter

calcium oxalate precipitaion

Rotary Vacuum Filter

calcium citrate precipitation

calcium citrate separation

Rotary Vacuum Filter

Rotary Vacuum Filter

carbon active adsorption

Dome stic Water =Amount of People x ( Drink + Sanitation)+Other

Table 1. 7 Requirement of Domestic Water

(Source: Private data, 2015)

E. Total Water Requirement

Table 1. 8 Total Water Requirement

Water For Steam

B. Make Up Water For Steam