Experiment 3: Chemical Kinetics

Formal Report
Ninna Joyce Delantar
2014-81818
0.01s) until X mark was no longer
visible.

METHODOLOGY
The following chemicals were used in
this experiment:
3.0 M HCl
1.0 M NaOH
0.15 M Na2SO3
Saturated Na2C2O4
0.010 M KMnO4
3.0 M H2SO4
1% MnSO4
0.30 M Sodium tartrate
6% H2O2
0.30 M CoCl2

In 2 test tubes, 5mL 0.3M sodium

tartrate and 2mL 6% H2O2 were added.
Eight drops of 0.3M CoCl2 were then
added to the 2nd test tube and then
both solutions were placed in a 65C
water bath. Both solutions were then
observed for effervescence and color
changes.

To
measure
the
effects
of
concentration on the reaction rates,
the following mixtures were pipetted
into a 50mL beaker and timed until an
X mark on the bottom of the beaker is
no longer visible. The time should
have an uncertainty 0.01s. For runs
1-3, 3.0M HCl was added last, while for
runs 4-6, 0.15M Na2S2O3 was added
last.

In 2 test tubes, 20 drops saturated

Na2C2O4, 10 drops 3.0M H2SO4 and 2
drops water were added, then a drop
of 0.010M KMnO4 was added and
decolorization of solution was timed.
Another drop of 0.010M KMnO4 was
added and decolorization was again
timed. In the other test tube, 5 drops
1% MnSO4 was added before a drop of
0.010M KMnO4, and decolorization was
of solution was timed.

Table 1: Reaction mixtures for kinetic

runs

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Run

mL
Na2S2O3

mL HCl

mL water

1
2
3
4
5
6

10.00
5.00
2.50
5.00
5.00
5.00

2.00
2.00
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50

3.00
8.00
10.50
1.00
1.50
2.00

Then to measure the effect of

temperature on reaction rates, run 3
was performed again at 3 different
temperatures. 3.0M HCl in a separate
test tube and 0.15M Na 2S2O3 plus
water in a marked 50mL beaker were
placed in an ice bath, ambient
temperature, and a boiling water bath.
The initial temperature in the beaker
was measured after 5-10 minutes,
then 3.0M HCl was added and the
mixture
was
timed
(uncertainty

Results from the kinetic runs at varied

concentrations showed that [S2O32-] is
directly proportional to the reaction
rate, given that the other reactant(s)
as well as other external factors
(temperature, pressure, volume) are
held constant.
Table 2: concentration and reaction rate
of Runs 1-3

Run

Reaction rate,
(1/s)

[S2O32-]initial,
(M)

0.05555555
556
0.03557452
864
0.00710176
834

0.1

2
3

0.05
0.025

([H+] was held constant at 0.4M)

Meanwhile, results from Runs 4-6

showed that [H+] has little significant
effect on the reaction rate with similar
external factors held constant as in
Runs 1-3.
Table 3: concentration and reaction rate
of Runs 4-6

Run

Reaction
rate, (1/s)
4
0.03517411
185
5
0.03436426
117
6
0.03480682
214
([S2O32-] was held constant at
From the equation1:

[H+]initial, (M)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.05M)

rate=k [ A ] [B] y
Through the method of initial rates1, the
raw average of the reaction orders with
respect to H+ and S2O32- were calculated to
be
1.484
and
0.016
respectively,
approximating to a reaction order of 0 and
1. Since the sum of the exponents x and y
of the rate law equals 1, the conclusion
was that it was an overall first-order
reaction.
The effect of temperature on reaction
rates produced the following results:

T vs t graph
1000
t,(s)

500
0
280 300 320 340 360 380
T, (K)

Figure 1 A graph of temperature (K) vs.

time (seconds) for Run 3 performed at
various temperatures

The Arrhenius equation1 is given as:

ln(k1/k2)= EA/R(1/T1-1/T2)

where the plot of 1/T vs ln k is a

straight line with EA/R as its slope.

1/T vs ln k
0
ln k -2

-4
1/T (1/K)

Figure 2 A graph of 1/temperature (K) vs.

ln k for Run 3 performed at various
temperatures, derived from the Arrhenius
equation

Through
linear
regression,
the
equation of the line was calculated to
be y= 20.54663045 6818.539299x
with r2=0.918135317.
EA was calculated to be 5.6710 4
kJ/mol.
In the oxidation of tartrate by
hydrogen peroxide, the reaction was
vigorous in 65C, producing large
amounts of gas seen as effervescence
and changing the solution color from
pink to yellow. However, the reaction
only occurred after CoCl 2 was added; a
control solution without it had no
observable
changes.
Since
the
decomposition of peroxide is slow and
generally needs to be catalyzed1, this
implies that the mixture needed the
presence of heat and CoCl2 as a
catalyst
(homogenous
catalysis1)
2
before reacting .
In the reaction of oxalate with
permanganate, the initial drop of
permanganate took 1 minute and
42.91 seconds to decolorize. The next
drop took less time with only 53.00
seconds, and the permanganate
added after MnSO4 took only 36.31
seconds to decolorize. In this reaction
the speeding up of the reaction occurs

in several phases, and can thus be

identified as heterogenous catalysis,
where catalytic action occurs on a
surface separating two phases1.
REFERENCES
[1] Petrucci, R., Herring, F., Madura, J.,
Bissonnette, C. General Chemistry:
Principles and Modern Applications,
10th Ed. Pearson Education: Canada,
2011.

[2] Katz, D. Colorfu Catalysis: the

oxidation of tartaric acid by hydrogen
peroxide with a cobal chloride
catalyst.
2001.
http://www.chymist.com/colorful
%20catalysis.pdf