FLUID MECHANICS

(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Time: 3 hours

Max. Marks: 75
All questions carry equal marks
PART-A

I. Answer all the following

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(5x1=5)

What is center of pressure?

What is pressure gauge?
Define drag force?
What is bernoullis equation?
Write the formulae for discharge through a trapezoidal notch?

II. Answer all the following

(10x2=20)
1. State and explain the Newtons law of Viscosity.
2. Explain the phenomenon of surface tension and capillary. Obtain the expression for
Capillary rise of a fluid.
3. (a)write a short notes on:
(i) Path line
(ii)Stream line
(iii)Streak line
(iv)Stream tube
4. Explain lagrangian and eulerian methods of describing fluid flow.
5. State the assumptions involved in Bernoullis theorem. write any four limitations of
Bernoullis theorem.
6. What are the boundary conditions that must be satisfied by a given velocity profile in
laminar boundary layer flows.
7. Explain about momentum equation?
8. Explain the characteristics of lamiar and turbulent boundary layers.
9. What is weir?what are the various ways in which weirs are classified?
10. What factors account for the loss of energy in laminar flow.how does the energy loss vary
with velocity of flow.

PART-B
III. Answer the following questions

(5x10=50)

1. a). Explain briefly the following mechanical gauges.

i)Bourdon tube pressure gauge.
ii) diaphragm gauge.
b) determine mass density, specific volume and specific weight of a liquid whose specific
gravity is 0.85.
c) a flat plate weighing 0.45 KN has a surface area of 0.1m 2. it slides down an inclined
plane at 30o to the horizontal, at a constant speed of 3 m/s.if the inclined plane is
lubricated with an oil of viscosity 0.1 N.s/m2, find the thickness of the film.
(or)
a) Differentiate between Newtonian and non- Newtonian fluids.
b) What are differential and simple manometers? Explain in detail.
c) Pipe A contains carbon tetrachloride of specific gravity 1.594 under a pressure of
103KN/m2 and a pipe B contains oil of specific gravity 0.8. If the pressure in the pipe
is 171.6KN/m2 and the manometric fluid is mercury, find the difference between
the levels of mercury?

2. (a) Obtain an equation of continuity for a three-dimensional flow.

(b) Distinguish clearly between:
i) Steady and unsteady flow
ii) Uniform and Non-uniform flow
iii)Laminar and Turbulent flow
c) The velocity components in a two dimensional flow are u = ax and v = by.
Determine the stream lines and sketch them.

(or)
(a) A stream function follows the law = alog x/y. State if the flow is continuous or not.
also State if the flow is rotational or irroational.
(b) Write short notes on
(i)Pure translation (ii) linear deformation
(iii) rotation
(iv) angular deformation of a fluid mass.
(c) A stream function follows the law = x2-y2. Determine the velocity potential function
3.a) State Bernoullis theorem for steady flow of an incompressible fluid.derive an
expression for Bernoullis equation from first principles and state the assumptions made
for such a derivation.
b) the diameter of a pipe changes from 220mm at a section 6m above datum to 95mm at
a section 2.5m above datum. The pressure of water atfirst section is 400kPa.if the
velocity of flow at the first section is 2m/s,determine the intensity of pressure at the
second section.
or
a)derive eulers eqyation of motion along with assumptions.
b) a fire man holds a water hose ending into a nozzle that issues a 25mm diameter jet
of water.if the pressure of water in the 60mm hose is 750kPa,find the force
experienced by the force man.
4. a)explain magnus effect and theory of lift for airfoils.

c)oil is flowing between two parallel plates.piezometer along a plate indicating that the pressure
is decreasing in the direction of flow at the rate of 10dynes/cm2 per cm. if the dynamic viscosity
of the oil is 0.5 poise and the spacing of the plates is 5cm
i) what is the velocity of the oil midway between the plates?
ii)what is the average velocity?
Iii) what is the shear stress on the plates?
Or
a) What do u understand about Reynolds experiment? Explain the results of Reynolds
experiments with the help of graph and represent the laminar and turbulent flow parts on the
graph.
b) obtain expression for the boundary shear stress in terms of momentum thickness.
5. a)how do u distinguish a sharp crested weir from a broad crested weir? Derive tha expression
for discharge over a sharp crested rectangular weir.

b)a sharp crested rectangular weir of 1m height extends across a rectangular channel of 3 m
width. If the head of water over the weir is 0.45 m,calculate the discharge,consider velocity of
approach and assume cd = 0.623.
or
a).how does a cippoletti weirdiffer from a rectangular sharp crested weir?
b)what do you mean by end contraction of a rectangular weir? How the loss of discharging
capacity due to end contraction can be compensated?
c) the discharge over a rectangular weir is 0.400 cumec when the head of the water is 0.20 meter.
What would be the discharge if the head of water is increased to 0.3 meter?