Economy

An economic system refers to the laws and institutions in a nation that

determine who owns economic resources, how people buy and sell those
resource, and how the production process makes use of resources in providing
goods and services.
U.S.A.
The U.S. economy is made up of individual people, business and labor
organizations, and social institutions. For the most part, the United
States has a market economy in which individual producers and
consumers determine the kinds of goods and services produced and the
price of those products. Producers decide which goods and services to
make and sell, and how much to ask for those products, at the same
time consumers decide that they will purchase and how much money
they are willing to pay for different goods and services.
Capital includes buildings, equipment, and other intermediate products
that business use to make other goods or services. Business have
additional capital investments in their inventories of finished products,
raw materials, and partially completed goods.
The economy has an extensive set of markets for final products and for
the factors of production. The economy has been particularly successful
in providing material goods and services to most of its citizens.
Canada
Since World War II, Canada has experienced massive growth in its
manufacturing, mining and services, propelling the economy from being
a largely agrarian one to becoming one of the most highly industrialised
and urbanised economies in the world.
Canadas manufacturing industry is important, particularly the
automobile industry, with low labour costs and a comprehensive
healthcare and social security system attracting major automobile
companies from the US and Japan to set up manufacturing facilities in
Canada.
The Canadian economy also differs slightly from its neighbour, the US,
where by the former is a net exporter of commodities while the latter is a
net importer. The Canadian banking industry is also rather conservative
in comparison to that of the US.
UK
The United Kingdom is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and
Northern Ireland. It has the fifth largest national economymeasured by
nominal GDP (gross domestic product). Service sector business
dominates the UK economy, making up about 78 percent of GDP.
Financial services are particularly important, with London tying New York

for largest financial center. Aerospace industry, pharmaceuticals,

automotive industry, and North Sea oil and gas production make up the
greatest portion of the remainder of the UK's GDP.
According to the OECD, economic growth in the UK is the result of
exemplary job creation: a trend that should continue throughout 2015
and 2016. Growth was further underpinned by robust private
consumption and investment. However, the OECD also predicts inflation
to gradually increase, beginning in 2015. If this occurs, it will likely lead
to a shift in government economic programs in order to counteract the
negative effects of inflation.

Government
A government is the system by which a state or community is controlled.
U.S.A.
The government of the United States of America is the federal
government of the republic of fifty states that constitute the United
States, as well as one capital district, and several other territories. The
federal government is composed of three distinct
branches: legislative, executive and judicial.
Legislative branch: The United States Congress is the legislative branch
of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of
Representatives and the Senate.
Executive branch: The executive branch consists of the President and
those to whom the President's powers are delegated. The President is
both thehead of state and government, as well as the
military commander-in-chief and chief diplomat. The President, according
to the Constitution, must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed",
and "preserve, protect and defend the Constitution".
The Vice President is the second-highest executive official in rank of the
government. As first in the U.S. presidential line of succession, the Vice
President becomes President upon the death, resignation, or removal of
the President, which has happenednine times in U.S. history. Under the
Constitution, the Vice President is President of the Senate.
Judicial branch: The Judiciary explains and applies the laws. This branch
does this by hearing and eventually making decisions on various legal
cases.
Canada
Canada is a parliamentary democracy: its system of government holds
that the law is the supreme authority. The ConstitutionAct, 1867, which
forms the basis of Canadas written constitution, provides that there shall

be one Parliament for Canada, consisting of three distinct elements: the

Crown, the Senate and the House of Commons.
The power to enact laws is vested in a legislature composed of
individuals selected to represent the Canadian people. Hence, it is a
representative system of government. The Senate is composed of
individuals appointed by the Governor General to represent Canadas
provinces and territories. Members of the House of Commons are elected
by Canadians who are eligible to vote.
Canada is also a constitutional monarchy, in that its executive authority
is vested formally in the Queen through the Constitution. Every act of
government is carried out in the name of the Crown, but the authority for
those acts flows from the Canadian people.
UK
The UK is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional Monarch.
The UK does not have a single, written constitution. But this does not
mean that the UK has an unwritten constitution. In fact, it is mostly
written, but instead of being one formal document, the British
constitution is formed from various sources including statute law, case
law made by judges, and international treaties.
The UKs monarchy is considered the oldest of all modern constitutional
monarchies. Most of powers once exercised by the monarch have now
been devolved to ministers. In a process of change during which the
monarchys absolute power has been gradually reduced, custom now
dictates that the Queen follows ministerial advice. The Queen performs a
range of important duties, such as summoning and dissolving Parliament
and giving royal assent to legislation passed by the UK Parliament, the
Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales or the Northern
Ireland Assembly.

Education
Education is the process of
facilitating learning. Knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits of a group of
people are transferred to other people, through storytelling, discussion,
teaching, training, or research.
U.S.A.
Around age six, U.S. children begin primary school, which is most
commonly called elementary school. They attend five or six years and
then go onto secondary school.Secondary school consists of two
programs: the first is middle school or junior high school and the second
program is high school. After graduating high school, students may go on
to college or university.

A student who is attending a college or university and has not earned a

bachelors degree, is studying at the undergraduate level. It typically
takes about four years to earn a bachelors degree.
A college or university graduate with a bachelors degree may want to
seriously think about graduate study in order to enter certain professions
or advance their career. A Masters Degreeis usually mandatory for
higher-level positions in library science, engineering, behavioral health
and education.
In the Doctorate Degreethe first two years most doctoral candidates
enroll in classes and seminars. At least another year is spent conducting
firsthand research and writing a thesis or dissertation.
Canada
The Canadian education system covers elementary, secondary and postsecondary education. Education in Canada is governed by each
provincial and territorial government, so there are slight differences
between the education systems in each province and territory.
In elementary school, children usually enter kindergarten at age 5.
Elementary school generally includes grades 1 through 6 in region that
then have 2 years of middle school or junior high school, and in areas
without these, elementary school goes up to grade 8. In Quebec,
elementary school is grade 1-6, and students then go straight into high
school.
Secondary school includes grades 9 trough 12. In regions with middle
school and junior high, it also includes 7 and 8. In Quebec, high school
covers grades 7 through 11, and studentsthen go to CEGEP ( publicly funded
pre-university college in the province ofQuebec's education system) for 2 years
before applying to university.
Post-secondary education includes Career College, community college,
university and grad school.
UK
The preschool, also called nursery, is the first year before children go
into a primary school. Is offered to students between 2 and 5 years old
and it is provided at the Nursery Schools.
The primary education period is provided by the primary schools.
Students stay in them from five to eleven years old, except in Scotland.
These 6 years of compulsory education are structures in 2 periods: Infant
Schools and Junior Schools.
After the primary school, students have to choose one of two options:

Grammar schools, provide the whole Secondary Education. In

order to enter to these schools it is necessary to pass a selective
exam.
Comprehensive School: admit students without a selective exam,
and later they are grouped into two or three learning groups
according to their capacity.
Highereducation is not free. Students have to pay a contribution to the
cost os teaching and also have to pay their living costs. All universities in
the UK are autonomous and each one decides diplomas and certificates
granted. The higher education is provided by:
Universities
Polytechnics
Colleges
Education and politics