VALVES

ChE 4253 - Design I

VALVES
Valves

Control
Valves

Pressure
Relief Valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

On-off
Valves

Check
Valves

ON-OFF VALVES
Gate Valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

ON-OFF VALVES
Ball Valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

ON-OFF VALVES
Plug Valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

ON-OFF VALVES
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Stopping the flow

Providing tight shutoff when being closed
Providing low pressure drops when being fully
opened
Most of control valves can be used for on-off duty,
especially ball valves
Gate valves are often used in on-off service

ChE 4253 - Design I

CHECK VALVES
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Prevent reversal of flow

Open with forward flow and close against

reverse flow

Types of check valves

Lift check valves

Swing check valves

Tilting-disk check valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

CHECK VALVES
Lift Check Valves
depend on gravity
for operation
high pressure
services

ChE 4253 - Design I

CHECK VALVES
Swing Check Valves
closure member swings
about a hinge
employed along with
gate valve
low fluid velocities
flow reversals are
infrequent
ChE 4253 - Design I

CHECK VALVES
Tilting-Disk Check Valves
closure member rotates
about a point between
the center and edge of
disc
spring loaded
more expensive
more difficult to repair
ChE 4253 - Design I

CONTROL VALVES
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General characteristics and functions

Types of control valves

Flow characteristics

Valve selection

ChE 4253 - Design I

CONTROL VALVES
General characteristics and functions
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Used to regulate the flow automatically to

any desired amount

High pressure drop

ChE 4253 - Design I

CONTROL VALVES
Types of control valves
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Globe valves

Ball valves

Butterfly valves

Plug valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

CONTROL VALVES
Globe Valves
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ChE 4253 - Design I

Linear stem motion

Significant pressure
drop
Control the flow
Good in service with
fluid containing no
solid

CONTROL VALVES
Ball Valves
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ChE 4253 - Design I

Rotary stem motion

Small friction
Small pressure drop
High flow capacity
Provide tight shutoff
Well suited for on-off
service
Not good in throttling
service

CONTROL VALVES
Butterfly Valves
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ChE 4253 - Design I

Rotary stem motion

Small pressure drop
Large flow capacity
Good service with fluid
with or without solid
Handle on-off duty
Handle throttling duty

CONTROL VALVES
Plug Valves
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ChE 4253 - Design I

Rotary stem motion

Provide tight shutoff
Multiport plug valves can
be used to simplify the
piping system
Well suited for on-off
service

CONTROL VALVES
Inherent Flow Characteristics

ChE 4253 - Design I

CONTROL VALVES
Valve Selection
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Characteristics of each type of control

valves

Pressure of the system

Temperature of the system

Type of flowing fluid

ChE 4253 - Design I

VALVES
Energy Balance
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Total energy balance

(U + PE + KE) = I (H + PE + KE) O (H + PE + KE) + Q W

The energy balance is reduced to

vI2 vO2
=0
HI HO +

H I = HO
ChE 4253 - Design I

VALVES
Pressure Drop

=
gz +

v2
dP = F
2

dP

F = h L

v2
+
2

v2
= K
2

v2
P = K

2
ChE 4253 - Design I

v2

VALVES
Pressure Drop Across Control Valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

VALVES
Configuration of Piping Associated
with a Control Valve

ChE 4253 - Design I

VALVES
Joule-Thomson Effect
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Isenthalpic expansion

JT

=
P H

JT > 0 , T decreases

JT < 0 , T increases
ChE 4253 - Design I

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

Purposes and Operating Conditions
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Pressure relief valves are designed to

protect a system from being overpressurized

P < 10,000 psia

T < 1,0000F
ChE 4253 - Design I

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

Types of Pressure Relief Valves
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Direct-loaded relief valves

Pilot-operated relief valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

Direct-loaded Relief Valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

Safety Valves

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

Relief Valves

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

Safety-Relief Valves

ChE 4253 - Design I

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES

Sizing Valves for Liquid Services
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Piping:
A=

Viscous liquid:
A=

Q S
27 . 2 Pd

Q S
27 . 2 Pd K u

Pressure vessels:
Q S
A=
27 .2 Pd K p
ChE 4253 - Design I