ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would express my gratitude to our clinical legal education teacher Dr. Ghulam
Yazdani sir without whose support and guidance the completion of this project
was not possible. It is my pious duty to express my deep obligation towards my
reputed teacher for his kindness and many sided benevolence.
I would also like to show my sincere gratitude to my family, friends and whoever
directly or indirectly helped me in completion of this project.

NAVED AHMAD

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In pursuing this study both the doctrinal and non-doctrinal approach would be
taken into account. It will be mainly library based and doctrinal in nature. The
study will be based on primary secondary sources. From the primary sources
various books on the Legal Aid and some specific book have been relied upon.
The secondary source have been referred to and applied upon the articles which
are written by eminent judges, academicians, lawyers journals etc. published in
leading law journals.
The material has been collected from various sources that of articles, books,
various law journals, newspaper and internet. It contains viewpoint of many
jurists and advocates. Doctrinal or library based research is most common
methodology employed by those undertaking research in law. In this type of
methodology material is collected from number of sources like books, article, law
journals, newspaper and internet. It contains viewpoint of many jurists and
advocates. It is concerned with legal prepositions and doctrines. Doctrinal
research is basically concerned with the discovery and development of legal
doctrines for publication in textbooks or journals
This assignment focuses on the philosophy of legal clinics. A proper and
systematic research has been made to understand the concept of clinics in depth.
The whole assignment has been divided into various heading starting from
introduction of the concept, to its evolution, development, types, benefits,
problems, and conclusion. The assignment thus provides a complete picture of
legal clinics. The material was collected and arranged in order. This assignment
emphasises the concept of Legal Aid in India. A conclusion in the last section is
given that gives complete and quick gist of the whole subject.

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SYNOPSIS
The rise of e-government has been one of the most striking developments of the
web. As the Internet supported digital communities evolve, and assuming that
they do indeed grow to incorporate individuals around the country (and globe),
they present the national governments with a number of challenges and
opportunities. In an e-government project, a substantial amount of documentation
is done like maintenance of land records, police records and so on. Each
department is critical so that only authorized people get into the network and
access the information. An understanding of the information security technology
and the need for its implementation is key for safer, secured and smooth
functioning of e-governance undertaking.
As the newly elected Modi Government introduces rapid e-governance and
connectivity of the government offices programs, it is high time to discuss the
issue of security in the e-governance schemes legally and technically. There has
been rapid surge in the use of the information technology in India and it has also
greatly impacted the working of Indian government. But how far are these steps
safe to upload crucial files on the internet. Modi cabinet was highly criticised
after its decision to use WhatsApp to inform and update the core cabinet members
on a WhatsApp group. Since the data under the WhatsApp are the property of the
WhatsApp Inc., such information sharing was not deemed right with respect to it.

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INTRODUCTION
The gradual penetration of Information Technology (IT) in all facets of human
existence is leading to multidimensional and often unpredictable changes. It is
changing the way individuals interact with each other and with society, and the
way in which societies involve individual in its evolution process. The way of
governing a country is no exception to this changing scenario, which is sweeping
across the world. Government around the world is carefully weighing electronic
developments and their consequences. India is one of the countries where this
trend seems to be catching on. IT enables governments to explore new ways of
creating knowledge and getting citizens involved in the decision making process.
It is expected that IT would be the great enabler for responsive and good
governance in times to come when 4E' of E-Governance would stand for
excellence.1 E-Governance is one such crucial IT driven initiatives that will allow
the government to make information easily available, transparent and in an
interactive manner. In fact, e-governance is a step of government towards creating
smoother interface between government, citizen and business for SMART
(Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent) governance.

Ventatesan, J. (2000), "Right to Information Bill Approved in Karanataka", in Hindu Daily, 27th August, New
Delhi.

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CONCEPTUALIZING E-GOVERNANCE
The concept of e-governance is of recent origin in Information Technology. The
emerging concept has brought about a paradigm shift in IT usage and applications
for good governance. The word 'governance' is often used. But it is a term that is
not always precisely defined, although several international organizations have
tried to define governance and what it covers. Generally, governance refers to the
system of directing and controlling the actions, affairs, policies and functions of
a political unit, organisation or nation. E-governance, or electronic governance,
is an attempt of government to harness information technology to improve the
efficiency or effectiveness of the executive function of government including the
delivery of public services. It can be defined as, "The application of electronic
means in the interaction between government and citizen (G2C), and government
and business (G2B), as well as in internal government operations (G2G) to
simplify and improve democratic government, and business aspects of
governance". So e-governance governance is lot more than online voting or
electronic town hall or just delivering services online. It is all about how
government, business and citizens interact on an ongoing basis the system of egovernance is supported by 5 pillars: (!) Computer, (2) Connectivity (3) Content
(4) Consumer and (5) confidence building.2 "Computer" in this context refers to
all the hardware and software requirements of government. "Connectivity" refers
to all the information carriers system, bandwidth etc. "Content" refers to the
information that is exchange between the 'consumers' of the system. "Consumer"
refers to the entire human and human substitutes system that access and uses the
'Content' in the e-governance system. "Confidence building" refers to such of
these measures that helps the citizens develop a confidence in the e-governance
and encourage them to take to e-transformation. Objectives of E-Governance We
are moving on from IT to Information Communication Technology (ICT) and
2

Tiwari, M. D. (2002), " E-governance: Issues, Directions and Applications", in Agarwala, N. Kamlesh and
Tiwari, M. D. (Ed.), IT and e-governance in India, Macmillian India Ltd, pp 10-15.

5|Page

from ICT to Information Society (IS), according to Richard Heeks. But only
technology can't solve anything unless the objective is properly stated and sought
to be achieved with deliberate action. With a strategic objective to support and
simplify governance for all parties (Govt., Citizens and Business), by using ICT
for attaining good governance, following broad objectives of the E-Governance
can be identified.
Impart a citizen-friendly image of government.
Deliver essential services to citizens.
Ensure transparency and right to information in governmental activities.
Create healthy relationship between govt, and citizens, and encourage their
participation in governance.
Enhance citizen empowerment and democratization.
Enhance productivity and efficiency of administrative functions.
Eliminating poverty.
Encourage for direct participation of citizens in govt, policy-making process
and development efforts.
Creating a business friendly environment.
Eliminating touts and undesirable practices such as delays, harassment and
unnecessary documents.
Improving the overall quality of life of the common man.
Providing prompt delivery of services at the doorsteps.

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BENEFITS OF E-GOVERNANCE
E-governance has emerged because of the increasing interest of government and
citizens around the world to experiment with and learns to exploit new media and
the latest technologies. It involves new styles of leadership, new ways of debuting
and deciding policy and investment, accessing education, listening to citizens and
organizing and delivering information and services. If e-governance is
implemented successfully, it can provide following benefits for development. 3
Increase the accessibility of individual citizens to information and services that
allows them to influence govt, operations.
Opportunities to earn a living by learning a new skill in the knowledge based
economy.
Producing same output at lower total cost.
Opportunities to trade and banking online.
Reduction in time and paperwork.
Supports effective decentralised decision making by providing an efficient
information flow.
Various govt, departments find it very easy to perform their functions like
collection of tax, water charges, professional taxes etc.
Enhance access to information and communication across large distance.
Deliver essential services to citizens.
Improving agriculture productivity.
Improves resource management.

Sumanjeet and Mehlawat, Sameer (2004), "E-Commerce in the Indian Legal Regime", Indian Journal of
Applied Economics, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp 1 76- 181.

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The global shifts towards increased deployment of IT by governments emerged

in the nineties, with the advent of the World Wide Web. The technology as well
as e-governance initiatives have come a long way since then. With the increase
in Internet and mobile connections, the citizens are learning to exploit their new
mode of access in wide ranging ways. They have started expecting more and more
information and services online from governments and corporate organizations
to further their civic, professional and personal lives, thus creating abundant
evidence that the new e-citizenship is taking hold. While the emphasis has been
primarily on automation and computerization, state governments have also
endeavoured to use ICT tools into connectivity, networking, setting up systems
for processing information and delivering services. At a micro level, this has
ranged from IT automation in individual departments, electronic file handling and
workflow systems, access to entitlements, public grievance systems, service
delivery for high volume routine transactions such as payment of bills, tax dues
to meeting poverty alleviation goals through the promotion of entrepreneurial
models and provision of market information. The thrust has varied across
initiatives, with some focusing on enabling the citizen-state interface for various
government services, and others focusing on bettering livelihoods. Every state
government has taken the initiative to form an IT task force to outline IT policy
document for the state and the citizen charters have started appearing on
government websites. The term e-government is of recent origin and there exists
no standard definition since the conceptual understanding is still evolving. The
generally accepted definition is: E-governance is the application of information
& communication technologies Improving internal efficiency
Exchange of information with citizens, businesses or their government
departments

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 Reducing costs or increasing revenue

Re-structuring of administrative processes
There are similarly endless ways to utilize Information and communication
technologies to provide efficient and transparent solutions to citizens without
security threats.
Enables marketization by supplying information related to the market and
enhances public services.
Transparency in judicial and administrative work.
All notifications and circulars can be put online, so that cases can be disposed
faster.
Helpful in confidence building among the citizens and the government
machinery.
Market expansion and organized job creation and its overall impact on the macro
economy.
Transition from cumbersome procedures for clearances to improved relations
by providing quick approvals.
It is an innovative way of administration. It facilitates easy monitoring and
tracking of files. There is no place for red-tapism.

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E-GOVERNANCE IN THE INDIAN LEGAL REGIME

The Parliament of India has passed its first cyber law, the Information
Technology Act, 2000. The purpose of this Act is to promote not only ecommerce but also e-governance in India (Kaur and Singh, 2002). With a view
to facilitate electronic governance, the IT Act, 2000 establishes the legal validity
and enforceability of digital signature and electronic records, as well as secure
digital signatures and secure electronic records in the govt, offices and its
agencies. This is helpful in developing the citizen's interaction with the
governmental office hassle free. Section4 to 10 of IT Act, 2000 deal with
provisions relating to electronic governance (Taxmans IT Act, 2000).
Legal recognition of electronic records (sec. 4).
Legal recognition of digital signatures (sec. 5)
Use of electronic records and digital signatures in govt. etc. (sec. 6)
Retention of electronic records (sec. 7)
, Publication of rule, regulation, etc., in electronic gazette (sec. 8)
Acceptance of electronic documents cannot be insisted (sec. 9)
Power of central govt, to make rules (sec. 1 0)
E-governance Implementation Issues in India A government with no paper but
information directly in the hands of people is creating a real democracy in India,
according to Kiran Bedi. But e-governance cannot operate in an institutional
vacuum. It can succeed only in an enabling institutional environment and a set of
influencing factors. On studying various e-governance projects, following
inferences about various issues that are involved in implementation of egovernance in India can be drawn.
Infrastructural Issue
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 - Legal issue
Administration issue
Security issue
Social and cultural issue
Financial issue
. Economic issue In addition to these power problems in various states, poor
rural telecommunication and network connectivity are the major issues to
implement e-governance. Obstacles in the Implementation of e-governance
Projects in India.
Despite the island of excellence, e-governance has not been able to make rapid
progress in India. There are many reasons behind it. Some of the most important
areas under:
No clear roadmap with measurable milestones.
Focus on computerization and hardware spends, low emphasis on process reengineering.
Poor management of knowledge and human resources.
Non-compatibility between IT projects and business processes.
Lack of coherent government policies.
Government unwilling to commit funding.
Over ambitious project.
No above the line treatment of IT spend.
Viability of public-private ownership uncertain.

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 Corruption, inefficiency, and incompetence present in public services and

welfare/ development projects.
Lack of baseline data and availability of information needed for decisionmaking.
Low funding from Government of India and International Funding
Organisation.
Lack of co-ordination between different service agencies.
Psychological fear of IT.
Brain drain of IT professionals from our country, has lessened the speed of egovernance in India. Pre-requisites for e-governance implementation in India Egovernance is a tool. Itself it can't do anything. For its successful implementation
it requires proper environment in which e-governance can be operated. So before
implementing e-governance model, there are some pre-requisites. Some of the
most important in context of India are as under:
Large scale computerization.
Capability of use of local language in the IT sector.
Creation of adequate and appropriate IT infrastructure.
Changing the mind-set of government functionaries.
Standardization in data encoding, application logic, user interfaces etc.
Knowledge networking for better governance.
Creation of PKI and certification authority

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ACTION NEEDED FOR PROMOTING E-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA

In order to accelerate the usage of information technology in the governance,
government of India has already adopted some credible initiatives in this
direction. Centre for E-Governance, a new division within the Ministry of
Information Technology, was set up on 15th August 1999. The Union
Information Technology minister declared 2001 as the year of 'E-Governance'
Add to this, entire Indian Parliament has passed the Information Technology Act
2000, to boost e-governance and to make electronic transactions safe and secure
in India. These initiatives demonstrate the commitment of Union Government to
embrace information technology in all the sectors of Indian economy. But all
initiatives cannot be implemented successfully, especially in the developing
countries like India. As mentioned above, three are many stumbling blocks in
implementation of e-governance in India. In addition to these, government in
developing countries boasts too much and delivers too little and not sufficiently
responsive or accountable. Therefore, it is very much necessary to keep in mind
some additional action plan, while drafting e-governance project. E-governance
projects should be guided by the following:
A clearly focused vision of what is objective of introducing e-governance.
Areas of public funding should be clearly spelt out.
Strong IT infrastructure for e-governance implementation.
Building e-governance awareness and commitment
There is a strong need to evaluate the e-governance project before its
implementation.
E-governance project should not be over ambitious.
Establishment of national networks

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 Budgetary provision for revenue expenditure

Continuous training and development of government functionaries.
Responsiveness and client driven.
Any plan or scheme for e-governance should have sustainability
. The situation in various states should be gone into details and appropriate plans
and schemes suggested suited to different states (Ventatesan, 2000).
Growing reliance on computers has increased security risks, and appropriate
mechanisms must be in placed to provide a secure environment to users of public
services. Last but not the least, existing policies need to be modified, new policies
to be initiated to ensure the environment in which e-governance system.

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E- GOVERNANCE IN UTTAR PRADESH

The progress made by the state of Uttar Pradesh in various areas, be it education,
health, housing, food, or infrastructure bears testimony to the commitment of the
government towards ensuring the upliftment of the poorest of the poor. The
government is now making pioneering efforts to improve the quality of
governance through various e-Governance initiatives. In addition to successfully
implementing the various Central Government flagship schemes at the state level,
the Uttar Pradesh Government has also taken the initiative to conceptualise and
launch a number of flagship schemes spanning various areas at State level.
Various projects such as State Wide Area Network (SWAN), State Data Centre
(SDC), Common Service Centre (CSC), State Portal and various mission mode
projects such as e-District, CCTNS (Police), etc., are being implemented in the
State. Uttar Pradesh government is effectively using IT to make the
administration quick, responsive, transparent, hassle-free and accessible while
reducing the inefficiencies and costs.

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UTTAR PRADESH: STATE INTRODUCTION

Uttar Pradesh is the rainbow land where the multi-hued Indian Culture has
blossomed from times immemorial. Blessed with a variety of geographical land
and many cultural diversities, Uttar Pradesh, has been the area of activity of
historical heroes like Rama, Krishna, Buddha, Mahavira, Ashoka, Harsha,
Akbar and Mahatma Gandhi. Rich and tranquil expanses of meadows, perennial
rivers, dense forests and fertile soil of Uttar Pradesh have contributed numerous
golden chapters to the annals of Indian History. Dotted with various holy shrines
and pilgrim places, full of joyous festivals, it plays an important role in the
politics, education, culture, industry, agriculture and tourism of India.
Garlanded by the Ganga and Yamuna. The two pious rivers of Indian mythology,
Uttar Pradesh is surrounded by Bihar in the East, Madhya Pradesh in the South,
Rajasthan, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana in the west and Uttaranchal in
the north and Nepal touch the northern borders of Uttar Pradesh, it assumes
strategic importance for Indian defense. Its area of 2, 36,286 sq. kms. Lies
between latitude 24 deg to 31 deg and longitude77 deg to 84 deg east. Area wise
it is the fourth largest State of India. In sheer magnitude it is half of the area of
France, three times of Portugal, four times of Ireland, seven times of Switzerland,
ten times of Belgium and a little bigger than England.

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Some Powerful and important projects under Uttar Pradesh Government are
like:
Lokwani
E-suvidha
E-seva
Koshvani
Jan Suvidha Kendra
Srishti

Bhulekh

LOKWANI
Lokvani is a Hindi word which means The Voice of people. This project started
by the government for providing information like Birth Certificates, Death
Certificates, Income Certificates, land record and job opportunity creation, under
a single window. This gives the security and opportunity for accelerated
development. Lokvani is a public-private partnership project started in the district
of Sitapur in Uttar Pradesh, India on 9 November 2004. After the success in
Sitapur the project was replicated in all the 70 districts of Uttar-Pradesh.4 In a
Lokvani Centre, More than 31,000 complaints were registered in a short duration
of 7-8 months, out of which approximately 90% complaints have been disposed
of successfully. A noteworthy fact is that 10% complainants are women from
rural interiors, despite the female literacy rate being as low as 12.74%.5 In UP 8
districts have started the Lokvani project, currently around 1,200 Lokvani
Kendras are active and operational.

4
5

http://sitapur.nic.in/lokvani/allabout/Lokvani_tiss.pd
http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/egov/ifip/nov2005/article1.htm

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The following services are offered through Lokvani Centers:

a. In Lokwani project government provide online obedience, monitoring and
clearance of public grievances/ complaints.
b. Single window services
Income Certificates
Caste Certificates
Domicile Certificates
Birth Certificates
Death Certificates
Income Certificates

Tendering services

E-SUVIDHA
E-Suvidha provides an interface to citizen to interact with government
departments. Government of Uttar has decided to create and develop an electronic
connection between the common citizen and the Government Departments under
the NIC this project called e-Suvidha. Government Society, is registered as under
the Societies Registration Act, 1860. e-Suvidha has projected to implement an
Information Technology enabled Public Utility Interface across the state of Uttar
Pradesh and to begin with initially in the city of Lucknow and selected
Technology enabled Public Utility Interface across the state of Uttar Pradesh and
to begin with initially in the city of Lucknow and selected Technology Partners
through Open Tender for providing Total Solution Based Package Comprising of
Hardware, Software and Connectivity for Deployment, Customization and
Successful Implementation of e-Suvidha on Build Own Maintain Transfer
(BoMT) financial model basis.6 In e- Citizens can avail any service from any of

http://www.esuvidha.goup.in/content.htm

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the eSuvidha Service Centers across any counter without any jurisdictional limit.
All e-Suvidha Service centers accept all forms forms of payments including credit
cards.
E- SEVA
E seva is the form of services provided by the government or any institutions. Egovernment aimed at providing speedier and well-organized public services
including issue of all the citizen related certificates, receiving all sorts of utility
bills, redressing grievances, etc.In other words we can say E-seva is a new pattern
in citizen services. It provides online transaction to citizen and save time and
money. In E-Seva various departments covered like: Regional Passport Office
(RPO), Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), Commercial Taxes, Transport,
Medical and Health, Tourism etc. Some Services of E-Seva are:
a) Electricity Bill
b) Air ticket boking
c) All Post-paid bills
d) Movie Ticket
e) Insurance Premium
f) DTH services
g) Permits and Licences

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KOSHVANI
Koshvani project is developed to maintain the financial Transaction of the state
and to fetch transparency into Government Transaction. It is very helpful in
Financial Controllers of different department. This will help more than 6000
DDOs of state to reconcile the receipt and payment details with treasury figures.
More than 160 HOD will be benefited to get there grant/scheme wise progressive
expenditure/Budget details.7
JAN SUVIDHA KENDRA
The Jan Suvidha Kendra (JSK) was first started in Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh,
and since then it has been replicated in many other districts. It was launched in
the public interest on 10th June, 2009 in the Collect orate campus, Jhansi. The
project has led to the creation of a platform for contact less, quick, responsive,
cost-time-labour saving, easily accessible 24X7 service for speedy and qualitative
disposal of public grievances. The four most important requirements essential for
any e-governance initiative to be successful are Reliability, Replicability,
Sustainability and Security. The JSK project fulfils all these four requirements.
SRISHTI
Sristi is project which started by the uttar Pradesh government. It is very helpful
for government to fetch the information like locations i.e. Blocks,
Tehsils/Talukas, Districts, Divisions and State etc. In this project numerous tables
and graphs are generated by different departments to understand the issues related
to development and accordingly decisions taken on the priority areas for
plummeting regional imbalances. Geographical Information System (GIS) has
started a powerful tool to represent complex data on maps in recent years. Power
of GIS can be subjugated if thematic maps are drawn for regional comparison
taking MIS data. In this project this government website provide Maps for
7

http://koshvani.up.nic.in/koshvanihelp.pdf

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Blocks, Tehsils/Talukas, Districts, Divisions and State are being generated

dynamically clubbing village boundary polygons on respective standard codes
More than 1.07 lacs Village Polygons has been used for generating :
75 District boundaries

303 Tehsils/Talukas boundaries

822 Blocks boundaries

17 Divisional boundaries
4 Regional boundaries of the State
To exploit the potential of GIS for getting benefit in the process of decision
making, there is a need to initiate a process of data integration of various
departments with maps for pooling different information on common standard
codes.
BHULEKH
Bhulekh which means bhu + alekh (Land + Records).It provide all type of
information related to land either business or agriculture land to the owner and
buyer. National Informatics Center (NIC) is developed a website which is very
famous and well known as www.bhulekh.up.nic.in. NIC the all kinds of land and
property related information via just use of internet. Every tehsil of Uttar Pradesh
state had uploaded their all kinds of land records for villages wise, Taluka wise,
name wise, Khasara number wise, khata wise and khatoni wise. The
bhulekh.up.nic.in comes under the rule of Records of Right (ROR) and Right of
Information (ROI) means that the every common citizen have complete right to
get all kind of information of their query. Bhulekh portals provide Land Record
Information of land property in UP. The portal consist of various forms and
applications related to the land deals, information about land value etc.

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INFRASTRUCTURE FOR E-GOVERNANCE

The Government is committed to enabling the delivery of Government Services
to the citizens at their doorstep in an efficient and transparent manner through the
network of Common Service Centres. We are speeding up the computerisation of
various government departments that have a significant public interface. The
records with the government departments are being digitised to ensure that there
is seamless delivery of services through a dedicated delivery network or through
the internet. To provide connectivity of 2 mbps bandwidth, a network of 885
nodes connecting all the Districts, Tehsils and Blocks to the State capital has been
established. It acts as a conduit for carrying all the data to and from the
government offices and establishments; essentially it serves as an efficient intragovernmental super highway of information. The State of Uttar Pradesh is
planning to connect all the departments through this network, as well as
increase/upgrade the current bandwidth being provided. The State Data Centre
(SDC) has been established to serve as a centralised reservoir for data,
information and services from different departments in the state government. The
State Data Centre acts as the shared infrastructure across various departments, it
integrates and provides various G2G, G2C and G2B services in an efficient
manner. Various applications for different State Government departments, such
as Basic Education, Home/Police, and Commercial Tax etc., have been hosted in
the State Data Centre. Now Uttar Pradesh is planning to make the SDC cloud
enabled, which will lead to more efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

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ENABLING EASY ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT SERVICES

Common Services Centres (CSCs) have been envisioned as the frontend delivery
points for taking the Government, Private and Social Services (G2C and B2C
services) to the rural citizens. We have also established an institution called
Lokvani, responsible for delivering e-services to the common people. At present
we have 3300 Lokvani Kendras, 15,800 Common Service Centres, and 100 Esuvidha Kendras. More than 26 government services are currently being provided
to the citizens through these centres. The state portal went live on 1st August,
2012. The portal has been developed to provide departmental services and
information to the citizens electronically. Within a short period of time, more than
1 crore e-Transactions have happened through this portal. Uttar Pradesh is one of
the early pioneers in the digitisation of land records. Anyone can go and see his
or her land records through a computer from any part of the world. The
digitisation of land records was completed more than four years ago. The system
is completely secure and it is quite popular with the citizens. We have a system,
where the land records get updated every week, because of the fact that there are
transfers of land due to property transactions, gifts, inheritance, etc. You can also
take a printout of the land records. The system, as it has been designed, is working
flawlessly. In the next phase, we are trying to develop a system where you can
get the land records digitally signed. Once this system is in place, a citizen will
be able to walk into an authorised centre and take digitally signed land records.
Today unsigned copies of land records are available to everyone. The site from
which one can get the land records in Uttar Pradesh is called Bhulekh. It is located
at: http://bhulekh.up.nic.in/. The e-District project is successfully running in six
districts of Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad, Gautama Buddha Nagar, Sultanpur,
Raebareilly, Sitapur and Gorakhpur. Under this programme various Government
services, including issuance of Caste, Income, Domicile, Handicap, Birth/Death
(Rural & Urban) certificates, Revenue Court, Ration Card related services are
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being provided. Till date, more than 90 lakh e-Transactions have happened using
this application in six e-districts through Jan Seva Kendra/Jan Suvidha Kendra/
Lokvani Kendra. The District e-Governance Society (DeGS) has been constituted
in all the Districts to ensure that there is smooth implementation of the
programme. Regular training programs are being organised to make all the
stakeholders familiar with the new automated system. These programmes cover
various topics related to e-Governance such as e-Governance Project Life Cycle,
DPR, RFP Preparation, Use of Digital Signature etc.

DISTRIBUTION OF FREE LAPTOP SCHEME

In order to enable the growth of IT literacy in the state, under an ambitious scheme
laptops are being distributed to the students who have passed class 12th exam
from government schools, government aided schools and private secondary and
senior secondary schools. The scheme was launched in March 2013. The
configuration of laptop is 14 inch display, 1 GB internal memory, 500 GB hard
disk capacity, webcam, 3 hours battery backup and Bluetooth / Wi-Fi. It
comprises 3 USB ports, media card reader, a headphone or speaker out port, DVD
writer and supports three languages English, Hindi and Urdu. This scheme has
gone a long way in bridging the digital divide, because it is leading to a situation
where every school in the state has hundreds of laptops and tablets.

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INDUSTRIAL SECTOR: THE ENGINE OF GROWTH

Uttar Pradesh has traditionally been an agrarian society, and the industrial sector
presents a huge opportunity for improving the employment opportunities within
the state. The State Government has made a number of progressive policies in
order to provide a fillip to industrial development. The State Government plans
to use Information Technology as a vehicle for economic development of Uttar
Pradesh. We are working with the aim of having inclusive growth to create a
vibrant society with a high quality of life. The government has developed a new
IT policy that will reinforce the position of Uttar Pradesh as an attractive
destination for Information Technology companies. The state intends to promote
Tier- II cities like Lucknow and Agra as next generation IT hubs which can
facilitate a holistic development of Uttar Pradesh and its people.
E-governance is poised to take a big leap in Uttar Pradesh with the state lining up
a slew of initiatives to empower citizens in line with the 'Digital India'
programme. It is putting in place a system which would deliver vital services to
citizens directly through the computer, mobile phone or tablet, practically
eliminating the necessity of pursuing officials.
By December 2014, 26 citizen-centric services of eight departments had
conducted over 37 million e-transactions through the e-District/State
Portal, 14,500 Common Service Centres (CSCs) and 300 Lokvani centres
(LCs).
The Uttar Pradesh government is likely to provide 90 more services
through the network of CSCs and LCs, according to a CyberMedia
Research press release.
The e-District project had been implemented as a pilot project in six
districts in 2008. It is now being rolled out in the remaining 69 districts.
Under the rollout, e-Governance cells/computer labs are being established
in each district headquarters with 14 computers.
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 Laptops are being provided to each sub-divisional magistrate and 'tehsildar'

for improving efficiency through an end-to-end automated system.
District e-governance societies (DeGS) have also been constituted in each
district. The project had gone live in 21 more districts by January 2015.
In a significant development, the state administration has decided to accept
self-declaration forms instead of sworn affidavits, along with an
application for availing such services.
The IT Policy 2012 is helping to develop Agra and Lucknow as IT hubs
under PPP (Public-Private Partnership) arrangements.
Under this policy, IT companies setting up their units in the state are
eligible for 100 percent exemption from stamp duty and five percent
interest subsidy (not exceeding Rs.1 crore) for a period of five years.
CyberMedia Research (CMR) in partnership with Dell is co-hosting
'Government Connect' series of roundtable across India, including
Lucknow, on the theme "Future-ready IT, for future-ready government".
The aim is to bring together decision makers, domain experts from the IT and egovernance on a common platform as solution providers and management
consultants. The session in Lucknow will be inaugurated by Om Prakash Singh,
the Uttar Pradesh minister for tourism, and Manoj Kumar Pandey, the minister
for science and technology, later this week. This programme is currently focused
on developing necessary infrastructure, human capital, engaging with investors
and ensuring policy implementation.

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CONCLUSION
In this assignment, we have given an overview of egovernance initiative in Uttar
Pradesh. There are lots of Governance projects run by state and central
government. India is moving towards achieving e-governance. In spite of these
efforts, the state having the poorest record in egovernance is Uttar Pradesh, when
rated on the ICT policy and vision and their priorities for e-Governance. UP is
one of the largest and the most populous state of the country. It requires huge
efforts for implementing projects/applications across the state, and supporting
them. Government has started number of projects to resolve all the problems
which are mentioned in my assignment. My assignment could not completed
without this definition
Good governance is perhaps the single most important factor in eradicating
poverty and promoting development - Kofi Annan8

http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/19798/1/Birner.pdf

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anandakrishnan, M. (2003), "E-Governance for Improved Services:
Choices Made by Tamilnadu", in Vayunandan, E. and Mathew, Dolly (ed),

Good Governance Initiatives in India, Prentice- Hall India, pp 121-126.

Bhoomi,

Karanataka

(2003),

"E-governance

for

Information

Dissemination", Successful Government Initiatives and Best Practices:

Experience form India, Planning Commission, Government of India,
Academic Foundations.
. Jaju, Sanjay (2003), "Information Technology and Governance", in
Vayunandan, E. and Mathew, Dolly (Ed), Good Governance Initiatives in
India, Prentice- Hall India, pp 70-85. 4. Kaur Harlovleen and Singh Gurjeet
(2002), "Emergence of Electronic Commerce in India:
Nath, Vikas (2002), "Digital Governance Models: Moving Towards Good
Governance in Developing Countries", E-Commerce, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 1229.

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