RETENTION ENERGY In the fish

By :
Name
NIM
The group
Group
Assistant

: Novi Ariyanti
: B1J0112205
:I
:I
: Ivan Aprianto

CONSOLIDATED PRACTICUM PHYSIOLOGY ANIMALS I

MINISTRY of education and culture

JENDERAL SUDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY of BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2013

I.

INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background
Energy capacity is to do a job and is very much needed in all our activities
metabolism. Livestock Feed that given to fish cultivation is a source of energy,
the majority of which is used to such metabolism on energy for life, move or
swimming, such digestion and growth. Most of the energy food must be kept
internally to use in the future of the energy that is more and more stored (with the
limits) connected with the needs, an animal that much longer can survive without
food. More and more more energy that are stored, the more that can be used for
the process expenses such as growth, reproduction energy, migration, hibernasi,
or the expenses that promotes the temperature changes environment. Almost all
enzymes are proteins (Djajasewaka, 1990).
Protein is most important essential constituent assembly which is used for
growth. Growth in the fish can be seen from the increase in the components
make up the body of fish that covers protein, fat, carbohydrate and protein, fat
vitamins., carbohydrates and vitamins in livestock feed when consumed by fish,
after undergoing a process digesti and absorbed will be used as a source of
energy for financing such voluntari, replace damaged tissue and growth. Growth
can be measured from the weight bertambahnnya fish. The increase means the
weight gains in the components building blocks this body can be considered in
the unit energy or calories dikandungnnya. So the gains weight can also be
considered as much energy body (Yuwono, 2001).
Measuring The importance retention practicum energy in this time to know
how much of the energy consumed fish feeds that will be stored in the
body. During this time using a fish Lele (Clarias batrachus). The reason the fish
Lele is because it easy to get, can easily be kept, and make them affordable.

1.2. The goal

The purpose of retention practicum energy is to see how much of the
energy nutrient that is consumed by fish can be stored in the body (energy

retention, and also learn the difference quality livestock feed also produce the
differences retention energy.

II. MATERIALS and methods of work

2.1. Matter
As well as the tools that used in practicum is an aquarium 30 x 50 x 25 cm
as many as two , a thermometer, weight analytic, oven, blander and bomb
calorimeter.
The materials used in practicum is Ikan (Clarias batrachus), pelet,
akuades, aluminum foil.
2.2.

How to work

1. Two aquarium prepared and contents of the aquarium with water as high as
25 cm, then placed heater between the two aquarium.
2. Fish weighed and sown with its population density 3-4 fish in each aquarium.
3. Fish with the size of taken then weighed out to be known weight.
4. Fish are stored in aluminum foil and then dioven for 7 days, after dried fish
weighed to know the weight dried fish, then diblender for 2 minutes until
smooth and printed to form of pellet.
5. Done measurement calory fish samples by using bomb calorimeter.
6. Counted the Retention Energy by using equations ANER
ANER = [body energy - energy body home / number of livestock feed that is
consumed by x 100%.

III. RESULTS and DISCUSSION

3.1. Result
Diket : Bobot wet fish early

: 2 Gr

The wet fish end : 7 gr

The weight dried fish early : 0.28 g
The weight dried fish end : 1.8076 gr

Energy fish bombs early : 416.3622/gr

Energy bomb fish end

: 3575.8825 Kal

Energy feeds tragedy

: 3983.67 Kal/gr

Asked : Retention energy big fish?

Including :
1. E. fish Early = weight Dried fish Early x Energy fish bombing Early
= 0.28 X 4,164.3622
= 2,090.0214 Kal
2. E. Fish end = dry weight End x Energy fish bombing Early
= 1.8076 X 3,575.8825
= 6,463.7652 Kal
3. nutrient that is consumed by = 2.5 percent x 14 x weight wet fish Early
= 2.5 PERCENT x 14 x 14
= 0.7 Grams
4. E. Livestock Feed = Nutrient that is consumed by x Energy Feeds
bomb
= 0.7 x 3983.67
= 2,788.541 Kal
5. ANER = Energy fish End - Energy fish Early x 100 percent.
Energy fish feeds
= 6,463.7652 Kal/g - 2,090.0214 kal/gr x 100 percent.
2788.541 Kal
= 156.84703

3.1.

Discussion
During this time using Ikan (Clarias batrachus) as an object or retention

energy. Aquarium function to place the fish will be tested retention energy, a filter
fish work to make life easier for illegal fishing fish, digital scales to weigh the
weight fish, oven function to drain fish in a short time of 1 weeks, aluminum foil to

wrap fish that will plugged into oven to use, mortar and pestel used to sublimate
fish that will be made pelet, mold pelet function to score a pelet that have
been crushed by mortar and pestel and bomb calorimeter to measure the calories
livestock feed, fish samples beginning and end fish fish Lele in pellet form.
Based on the result practicum retention by energy group 1 of fish with the
weight of wet fish beginning 2 grams, heavy wet fish end 7 gram, heavy dried fish
beginning of 0.28 grams and weight of dried fish end 1.8076 gram, energy fish
bombing beginning of 4164.3622 kal/gram, energy bomb feeds end of 3575.8825
and energy feeds bomb beginning of 398.67 /g. Based on the results obtained
practicum retention 156.84703 energy that high-percent. According to Lagler
(1972) said that energy retention normal is 60-68 percent, while from the result
practicum produced by percentage is slightly different, this happens is possible
because energy produced by many issued by the body metabolism, activities for
reproduction, biosynthesis and lost in the form a dip heat energy seprerti intak, as
well as the proportion energy lost through feces, as well as energy expatriates
who lost through urine, as well as energy that was used to produce heat, as well
as the energy relative the fish which are larger or due to all the combined factors.
Retention

energy

is

the

large

energy

nutrient that

is

consumed

by fish that can be stored in the body . Energy Retention shows the extent the
energy nutrient that is consumed by energy to increase the body of fish. Energy
is Retention maximum feeds energy that is consumed by living creature can be
stored in the body. Retention or high energy efficiency can increase the amount is
reflected from the ratio energy body to feeds amount of energy consumed by fish.
The great energy that feeds terkontribusi gains in energy body energy body also
described the retention energy. Retention energy in the fish only a small allocated
for the growth and a half-total energy that is taken from nutrient to waste in the
form feces and excretion. Energy that converted from nutrient consumed, a
majority of them will be lost in the form heat, and only about 1/5 of the total
energy that, in the form growth. Retention Role energy plays an important role in
determining amount of energy that is absorbed by the body in the
fish (Zonneveld et al, 1991).
Factors that affect retention energy is body size. The proportion energy that
is allocated on various components energy budget change as well as body size
fish Retention energy was also affected. by a number of factors, such as weaker
energy intake, meningakatnya proportion energy lost through feces, urine tests,

as well as energy that was used to proiduksi summer, as well as the body, is
relatively energy the fish which are larger. Energy Retention
influenced temperature. When temperature rises, so the process of
metabolism also will rise and more stored energy . At high temperatures 30400 C will increase metabolism so rapidly that will increase energy retention. But
in temperatures that are (denaturation high protein, protein (denaturation occurs
at high temperature 450 C or more precisely on the temperature 600 C where
more than the temperature and biological functions of proteins could be lost, so
graphic that produced from the relationship between retention energy with
temperature is curve dish (Susanto, 1992). According to Djarijah (1995), factors
that determine needs daily feeds in the fish is the measure weight and age, the
difference environmental resulted from water temperature, dissolved oxygen
content, and agresifitas fish to get protein.
A Cord used to measure the amount of calories that are released in burning
compounds (in O2 excessive) compound, food, fuel is a bomb calorimeter.
component bomb calorimeter namely thermometer function to measure the
temperature, stirring spoon or rod function to stir up water cooler, kutup oxygen to
include oxygen from tanks, the cup of to put material/sample that will be burned,
wire firesticks to burn, the bombing is a place of the occurrence of burning,
perenang penyelamat water for the laying a bomb. Oven to drain fish so that it
can become pounded so that it would be a powder, mortar and pastle function to
strike a fish collage understands that can be set up in a bomb with a bomb
calorimeter, weight technical work to know the weight fish before in oven and
after dioven, medical equipment maker pelet used to make pelet with material
ikan suggests that eventually will be easier for the bomb. Materials used in during
this time is ikan (Clarias batrachus) to know retention energy in the animal tests
(Marwan Effendi, 1979).
Retention metabolic rate in energy also influenced by body size. Livestock
feed their roles in fish cultivation because major factors in the nutrient that affect
the speed growth rate that is ration daily, protein concentration, and the energy
warp (Suhenda, 2004). According to Babalola and Adebaya (2007), protein is an
important factor that affects growth and the budget feeds. In general, protein
levels increase could add to the productivity fish. Excess energy in food
mengakinatkan can increase the accumulation of fat in the body and experienced
growth in the fish.

Livestock Feed is a matter after swallowed up by animals can be digested,

absorbed and should be used for survival. Livestock Feed containing nutrition in
which consists of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, water, the level of water
and energy. Nutritional Needs for the cattle varied, but in animals that live in the
waters, for example, fish protein in livestock feed colonies are generally higher
than if it is compared with the kinds of birds and mammals that live on land. Most
of the energy food must be kept internally to use in the future of the energy that is
more and more closely associated with the needs are stored. More and more
more energy that are stored, the more that can be used for the process expenses
such as growth, reproduction energy, migration, hibernasi value or pebngeluaran
that promotes the temperature changes environment (Mantau, 2005).
Fish that were given nutrient composition with different shows retention
energy that is different from others. Nutrient is one of the factors that can support
in the development conducting of freshwater, brackish water or sea water. Main
function is to feeds survival and growth (Djajasewaka, 1990).
Efficiency livestock feed, from a comparison between body weight gains
and the number of livestock feed consumed. Although growth rate is relatively
different between treatment, but not followed by efficiency fodder for growing
each body weight treatment also compensated by the number of livestock feed
which is equivalent to the gains weight difference body of the fish (Mokoginta,
2004)

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on observation that has been done can be concluded that:

1. Retention energy in the fish Lele (Clarias batrachus) treatment for 7 days ,
156.84703 kal.
2. Factors that affect retention energy is protein in livestock feed, body size, the
number of energy that was issued , temperature, and quality feeds.

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