Bladder spasm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

19/04/15 18:48

Bladder spasm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A bladder spasm is a contraction of the

detrusor muscle of the bladder which
generates an urge to urinate, sometimes
accompanied by extreme pain.
Incontinence may occur if the bladder
spasm continues, as the contraction will
force urine out. Any resulting stream of
urine may be impossible to stop, as the
patient does not have control over his or
her bladder.

Bladder spasm
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 N32.8
(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/N32.8),
F45.3
(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/F45.3)

A number of conditions can lead to bladder spasm; all should be addressed by a doctor.
When a bladder spasm occurs, the bladder randomly contracts, as though the patient is about to urinate. The
patient feels like he or she needs to urinate, and some leakage may occur. One of the most common causes of
incontinence in the elderly is bladder spasms, which can also occur in young children and pregnant women as
well as animals. The spasms may be violent, with patients comparing them to cramps.
In spite of ordinarily-adequate post-operative analgesia, such as an epidural or an opioid infusion, bladder
spasms remain a problem for some surgical patients. When bladder spasms occur in children, they can be
traumatic for the child and a cause of frustration for hospital staff and anxious parents who find it difficult to
deal with the fact that a child is in excruciating pain in spite of being on strong analgesia.[1]

Contents
1 Symptoms
2 Causes
2.1 Weak muscles
2.2 Nerve damage
2.3 Interstitial cystitis
2.4 Urinary tract infection
2.5 Catheter-related irritation
3 Treatment
4 References
5 External links

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Symptoms
Symptoms include urgent need to urinate, leakage, and cramping pain.

Causes
Causes include diet, medication, urinary tract infections, irritation from catheters, recent surgery, and changes in
the blood supply and nerves controlling the bladder.

Weak muscles
Weak pelvic muscles may let the bladder sag out of position, which can stretch the urethral opening, leading to
bladder spasms.

Nerve damage
Nerve damage may result in mistimed or erroneous signals, and the bladder may react with spasms. (Nerve
damage may also prevent fullness signals from reaching the brain.) Nerve damage may be caused by diabetes,
Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and stroke; by trauma; by pelvic or back surgery; by a herniated disc;
or by radiation.

Interstitial cystitis
Interstitial cystitis, the cause of which is unknown, may in turn cause bladder spasms.

Urinary tract infection

The most common cause of bladder spasms is a urinary tract infection which is characterized by a burning
sensation during urination and cloudy, foul-smelling urine. UTI may result in chills, vomiting, fever, and flank
pain.

Catheter-related irritation
If bladder spasms occur or there is no urine in the drainage bag when a catheter is in place, the catheter may be
blocked by blood, thick sediment, or a kink in the catheter or drainage tubing. Sometimes spasms are caused by
the catheter irritating the bladder, prostate or penis. Such spasms can be controlled with medication such as
butylscopolamine, although most patients eventually adjust to the irritation and the spasms go away.[2]

Treatment
Sometimes medication causes bladder spasm. Medicines that include bethanechol or valrubicin (a
chemotherapy drug) can cause bladder spasm because they help force water from the body.

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Treatment includes bladder training, anticholinergic medication, electrical stimulation, pelvic floor exercises
and surgery. Surgery is rarely helpful in controlling bladder spasms.

References
1. D. Gillies L. Lane D. Murrell R. Cohen, Bladder spasm in children after surgery for ureteric reimplantation.
Pediatr Surg Int (2003) 19: 733736
2. "Urinary catheters" (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003981.htm). MedlinePlus, the National Institutes
of Health's Web site. 2010-03-09. Retrieved 2010-12-01.

External links
Incontinence Overview
(http://www.urologychannel.com/incontinence/index.shtml/)

Wikispecies has information

related to: Bladder spasm

Bladder Control
(http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/bcw_ez/)
Symptoms (http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/bladder-spasms/)
Treatments (http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept22047/files/135793.html/)
Menopause and Bladder Control
(http://womenshealth.aetna.com/WH/ihtWH/r.WSIHW000/st.41823/t.41815.html/)
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Categories: Urinary bladder disorders
This page was last modified on 27 February 2015, at 11:37.
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