Important Auto/Jaguar Terminology:

Jaguar- makers of Luxury and sports cars. Beauty and Power are the two main components of
what makes a Jaguar. And of course like the animal, it is also nimble and agile. Jaguar is a
company with a rich history in racing and overtime their racing technology has leaked into their
Luxury/Sports cars. The brand has been bought by an Indian motor company, TATA in 2008.
The Land Rover/Range Rover brand was also bought and Jaguar works in close conjunction with
them.
Le Mans 24 hours- Iconic race held in Le Mans, France. This race tests the endurance of the
cars as well as the drivers since it is a continuous race lasting 24 hours. Of course there is a team
of drivers that switch out during intervals however, only one car. To win at Le Mans or to even
finish near the top means you have achieved ultimate conjunction between man and machine.
Liter (L)- Refers to the size of the engine in a car, more specifically the cylinders. The size is
actually the space inside the cylinder if the piston was taken out. For example, the 3.8L engine in
the Jaguar E-type has displacement of 3.8 liters. The bigger the engine the more powerful it can
be, typically. Certain things such as turbo charging and supercharging can make a 2.0L engine be
almost as powerful as a 5.0L naturally aspirated engine. Larger engines also take up more space
and can weigh more.
Horsepower (HP)- The power emitted from an engine, the 3.8L engine in the Jaguar E-type
makes 265 HP which was actually a decent amount at the time. Now a V6 Toyota Camry makes
that power. Another thing to note is that these cars are very light unlike todays health and safety
stuffed vehicles.
Cylinders- Car have pistons within cylinders. These pistons move up and down violently and
quickly within the cylinders making the engine run. For instance the Jaguar E-type has an inline
or straight 6 cylinder engine. This means that the cylinders are sitting in a straight line either
vertically or side saddled. Typically it is common to hear V6 or V8 engines. This means the
cylinders are laid out in a V shape with 3 cylinders going one way and 3 going the other. The
more cylinders in a car the smoother the engine will run, but the more space and heavier the
engine will be.
Supercharging- A compressor like apparatus that sits in the engine bay. It supplies more air into
the engine to create more horsepower. The superchargers send compressed oxygen into the
engine cylinder cycle to burn more fuel thus creating more horsepower. Turbos do something
similar but Jaguars use supercharging. Turbos create lag whereas supercharging does not so
when you step on the pedal you immediately feel the power surge. The downside is slightly
diminished fuel economy.
Brakes- Obviously it is assumed that brakes are fitted to a car to help the car slow down.
However, there are two different kinds of brakes. There are disk brakes and drum brakes. Drum
brakes are the oldest known brakes with the worst performance. It is also the cheapest kind of
brakes that you can fit onto a car. There is essentially a drum attached to the wheels of the car
and as you press the brake pedal, a brake pedal will press up against the drum to slow the car.

Commented [km1]: Great work on the first

project. Your observations were highly detailed and easy
for me to follow as a reader.
The additional of the specialized vocabulary was
extremely helpful for me, especially not knowing much
about cars.
Give us a bit more context about the person that you
chose to interview for this project. In a short summary at
the beginning of the interview (3-4 sentences max) tell us
why you chose this person, and how this interview
impacted your observations, etc.
Definitely add some photos of the cars, design
schematics, etc. While I was reading your observations, I
kept picturing some of these cars, so having a visual
reference would be really useful. You may consider using
the slideshow feature in Wix to add a running selection of
relevant photos; this will add both to your assignment one
and the overall course portfolio.

It was very common back in the day and even in todays car the very low trim vehicles may
come with drums, but with disks in front and drums in the back wheels. Jaguar however came up
with a very innovative idea. They took the disk brake which like the drum is a disk that is
connected to the wheel. There are a serious of pads which react when you press the brake pedal
by applying friction on to the disk. This makes stopping much more efficient. Jaguar took this
and applied it to all four corners of their cars which some speculate is the reason why Jaguar did
so well in the 50s.
0-60- How fast a car goes from 0 mph to 60 mph. The Jaguar E-type achieves this in 7 seconds.
At the time it was a good but now your typical V6 Toyotas can achieve that and maybe even
faster. Now anything under 5 seconds is considered a good 0-60 time.
Figured world- large social structure that has rules and conventions of appropriate behavior.
This figured world that I will be observing will be called, Evolution of Jaguar: C-type to Ftype. This would all take place from Early 1950s-mid 60s and pick up again at 2013. The
purpose of this world is to create the greatest and most beautiful automobiles ever assembled.
The vehicle must be the greatest racing machine and, now more recently, a luxurious road car.
Each Jaguar has pedigree and is known for being special in its own way. Racing enthusiasts,
collectors, and anyone that loves cars, love Jaguar for its performance, rich history, and gracious
looks. Things considered normal for achieving these near perfect results are over engineering,
timeless hours spent research and developing, and top notch designing. Form must meet function
in this world because the car still serves a purpose: racing. In the racing world there are no limits,
or at least not back in the day however, todays world has different rules for the road and track.
There are now noise regulations and emissions regulations that all cars must abide by. But
Jaguars have always been known for being loud and in your face sort of cars, this is what the
brand has always been known for. Another evolution is the comfort of the car, Jaguar is now
known as a builder of fine luxury cars, so the vehicle is very ride compliant. But no Jag is a true
Jaguar if it cannot perform so in the same roots, every Jaguar is a world class performance beast.
As for the communities of practice in this figured world of Jaguars evolution, engineers and
designers working together is the most crucial part of what made a Jaguar then and now.
Actors- Person that plays a certain role in the community
Malcolm Sayer- Designer of many great Jaguars including the C-type, D-type, and E-type. He
was a master at math and aerodynamics. His work first started out after WWII in the aircraft
industry. His designs grasped the hearts of many as well as victories for Jaguar. His designs were
so good in fact that Enzo Ferrari (founder of Ferrari motor cars) said that the E-type is the most
beautiful car in the world.
Norman Dewis- Test driver and developer of nearly 25 Jaguars including the C, D, and E-type
Jaguars. He was also one of the main developers of the disk brake which completely changed the
auto world on the track and off. Although he was the main test driver, his driving skills proved
useful on the track. He raced the Jaguar D-type in the 1955 24 hours of Le Mans giving the Dtype its first of three wins.

Ian Callum- A designer who created just about every beautiful modern day automobile. His
works extended from Aston Martins, Fisker, Ford, Volvo, and of course Jaguar. This man is the
one responsible for creating the Jaguar F-type. The F-type has even won awards like in 2013 it
received the World Car Design of the Year.
Artifacts- Physical objects, emotions, anything that has specific cultural significance in a
community
Jaguar C-type- based on the Jaguar XK-120, the C-type was made for racing only. Car was
designed by Malcolm Sayer. The car has a 3.4 L straight 6 engine that makes a bit over 200 hp.
The car also weighs less than a ton (very light). Developed in 1951 the C-type was built to go
around corners fast and certainly faster than its competitors.
Jaguar D-type- In 1954 the successor to the C-type had been produced. It is a stunning looking
vehicle which helped Jaguar win at Le Mans 3 time in a row. This car had a 3.8 L engine and had
a top speed of 170 mph when Norman Dewis drove it. However, some speculated that the
vehicle could go 190 mph. This is unheard of performance back in the day. It also churned out a
max hp of around 265. The only downfall of this magnificent track beast was the fuel economy.
Jaguar E-type- possibly the most iconic Jaguar created, it captured the hearts of not only
enthusiasts, but anyone who was bestowed upon its beauty. The car was so magnificent in fact
that Enzo Ferrari (the founder of Ferrari motor cars) called the E-type the most beautiful car in
the world. After its launch in 1961, the car certainly proved itself on the streets for being a
wonderful sports car and for truly exceptional refinement and comfort. It was on the track where
the E-type started to fall. It had and engine very similar to the D-type a 3.8L engine with 265 hp
and 7 second 0-60 time. Despite the beauty and great street driving dynamics, it was not a hit on
track.
Jaguar F-type- the all new F-type that debuted in 2013 was also an enthusiasts dream come
true. Finally a successor to the previous racing legends had made the light of day. The F-type
takes all the good qualities of its predecessors, the handling of the C-type, the power of the Dtype, and the beauty of the E-type. The F-type did in fact win an award during its debut for
Worlds Car Design of the Year. This car comes in a 3.0 V6 and 5.0 V8 supercharged
configurations making anywhere from 340-550 horsepower. It has all the good cues from its past
family members while still looking forward to the future and most importantly for Jaguar, it has
a soul.
Communities of practice- for a community of practice to occur, some sort of interactions
between groups or two or more domains must take place. If the group does not come together to
share ideas or interact then it is not a community of practice
Designer-Engineer Collaboration- for Jaguar, the main vales are beauty, power, and the results
that spawn from that. With the legacy starting off with the Jaguar C-type, it had 4 way disk
brakes and a slick body. Malcolm Sayer who was an incredible mathematician as well as
aeronautical engineer, created the lines on all main Jaguars. Norman Dewis, one of the main
engineer developers worked in conjunction to achieve graceful lines that worked in the cars

favor. In the early to mid 50s, Jaguar had multiple great victories notably with the Jaguar D-type
which won at Le Mans 3 times in a row. They also took what they learned from their previous
works like the C-type on and kept adding advancements and tweaks to the design as well as
power/handling.
Vehicle-Driver Collaboration- Without a driver the vehicle would be nothing. Incredibly,
Norman Dewis while not only being a top engineer at Jaguar, he also proved to be a phenomenal
Test Driver. His skills as a driver was so notably worth it that he took to racing many incredible
Jaguars including the D-type which he did drive to its first win at Le Mans. No Jaguar could
achieve anything without the brave men who decided to crusade in it.
Domain- a core value or common goal amongst a network of people or friends must be present
in order for a domain to take place. This group will have achieved a certain level of expertise in
their ambition of reaching their niche goal.
Racing- A common goal that Jaguar had in the mid 50s and on was to win races, particularly 24
hours of Le Mans. Jaguar simply wanted to be on the top of the world and the racing world is the
place to do it. The race at Le Mans tests multiple aspects of a car that holds its winners at the top
pedestal of automobile achievements. It tests car endurance, speed, handling, and even fuel
efficiency.
Soul- Every Jaguar strikes peoples hearts, turns heads, or if you are the owner, undeniable
loyalty to the brand. Every Jaguar does this because it has developed a soul though its power,
looks, and simply how the vehicle feels. All of these elements combined and the results they
produces is the common goal of all Jaguars.
Prestige- The racing heritage, design, performance, all of these things add up to maximum
prestige. To an owner of a Jaguar automobile, the owner will have a slew of things to brag on
about with his/her Jaguar. Its always about having more power, more pedigree, more of
everything than the guy next to you. When you are in a Jaguar you get that and all the
prestige/respect in the world.
Practice of the community- What the community does to achieve its domains. It should be a bit
more of a concentrated effort to make the practice occur.
Racing- the community of Jaguar must race first to achieve its domain of being the best. To be
the best you must put yourself out there and start to compete with others. This shows the world
proof of who truly is the best.
Engineering- Without engineers thinking of way to create the best of the world, there is no
Jaguar or domains to achieve. A community must have ambition to create and engineer
especially in the auto world. Engineers and Developers like Norman Dewis must have visions
that create things such as the E-type.
Literacy Practices- Ways of communicating that are written or spoken

Victory- In the world of racing, winning is communicating. Victory in race tells the competitors
that the winners are best and it communicates that it is time to go back to the drawing board. The
victory of one team in racing like Jaguar got the likes of Mercedes Benz to try harder
Design- Design speaks to the world and all those who are watching. The unveiling of both Etype and F-type grabbed the hearts of many. Beauty speaks to the masses whether you care about
cars or not.
The Observation Notes 1: (XCar video)
1:20- First key artifact the Jaguar C-type is introduced. The Jaguar C-type is a car made only for
racing. This car is based on the Jaguar XK-120 that was being raced in the early 1950s at the 24
hours of Le Mans racing circuit. The car did very well earing it 12th place but this is when Jaguar
new with a few tweaks they can make a better car. This is when a key actor of the time Bob
Knight, began developing the C-type. This car was also designed by Malcolm Sayer, Jaguars are
also praised for being beautiful, not just simple race cars. The C-type of the day was supposed to
corner harder and accelerate faster than anything of the time. The car had a 3.4 liter straight 6
engine making a bit over 200 horsepower, and weighs less than one ton.
5:20- Second artifact the Jaguar D-type is shown. Even more extraordinary and beautiful then the
C-type it replaces. The performance was also dramatically increased. A top speed of 170 mph
was reached but some speculate it can go up to 190 mph. This is one of the most aerodynamic
vehicles ever produced helping it attain these speeds. The car is also equipped with a larger 3.8
liter straight 6 engine and the body is a very high tech monocoque body frame. Norman Dewis,
another key actor in the figured world of Jaguar, was the main test driver of these cars and
development engineer that pioneered almost every Jaguar, especially the D-type. The D-types
only short coming was poor fuel economy causing it to come in second next to the Mercedes
Benz of its time.
11:00- Third artifact, one of the most famous in Jaguars history, the E-type. Enzo Ferrari, one of
the chief rivals of Jaguar, said that the E-type was the most beautiful car in the world. The rest of
the world also agreed with him. Having first being unveiled in 1961, the car has a similar engine
to the D-type, the 3.8 liter straight 6 producing 265 horsepower with a 0-60 time of 7 seconds.
The car felt like a proper sports car however, it did not fare well in the racing world like its
predecessors did. It is known as beautiful, fun to drive car and also the most well-known car in
Jaguars history. Other Jaguars that followed it were good but it never captured the hearts and
souls of people the way the E-type did.
18:40- Finally the F-type being the most modern sports car in Jaguars line up, it naturally take on
all the good qualities of its predecessors. Advanced construction of the C-type, power of the Dtype, and gorgeous looks from the E-type. The man responsible for designing the F-type and
other modern Jags is Ian Callum. While practicality might not be its forte, every Jag has soul.
This F-type takes a trip to the past while still looking ahead into the future.
Some things to take away in this community and this domain is that Jaguar has a rich motorsport
history and the goal of their domain is to win races. The community of actors from engineers to

designers work together to create stunning looking pieces of machinery, while also being one of
the most formidable race cars. They refer back to resources in the sense that the cars that they
develop are based on the previous model but heavily tweaked to meet modern racing rules and
conventions.
The Observation Notes 2: (Jay Leno F-type Review and Top Gear F-type Review)
2:05- Jaguar F-type is the spiritual successor to the E-type. It harkens back to the old days with
the skinny tail lamp design and other design cues but still manages to be a modern, sleek car. Ftype also has true sports car characteristics like a near 50/50 weight distribution in the V8 model
and closer yet in the supercharged V6 model. V6 S model makes around 380 hp and about 500 in
the V8 S (Base V6 makes around 340 hp and the V8 only comes in S trim). Has a quick shift 8speed transmission for fast shifts. The car has other technological advancements like a motorized
spoiler that can pop up with the push of a button for more downforce. The exhaust is produced
by a certain motorcycle inspired exhaust system, which is one of the main highlights of the car,
the sound.
6:35- Interior features a luxuries cabin. Fully leather seats and a special bronze or Igneous
Orange as Jaguar likes to call it, coated buttons on the push button start and the paddle shifters.
Another feature on the outside is the clamshell hood that also harkens back to the past Jaguars, it
is a hood that raises in reverse of how most car engine hoods open.
7:42- The Jaguar Project 7 F-type is introduced and it is a concept car which was made for a
limited production run. It is called Project 7 for the 7 wins Jaguar had at Le Mans. The design is
a complete throwback to the D-type. It features other visual cues such as an aero kit like splitters
and a spoiler. Also for a more stable and aggressive look it has been lowered about 20 mm. It
also creates 550 hp which is 50 more than the stock roadster version. A custom exhaust system
was also made for this particular F-type which again the sound says much about Jaguar.
15:00- Technologically the F-type is very up to date. Pressing a few buttons can change the
dynamics of the car. The car can be as sporty or as soft/refined on the road as you would like.
The car also feature a stop start technology where if the car is in idle such as a stop light, the
engine will completely turn off saving fuel. The engine will once again cut back on when your
foot presses down on the accelerator. Another James Bond esc feature is the air vents. When
the air or heating system is turned on, a motor activates which raises the vents from the dash
where otherwise it would be hidden out of sight.
16:25- The driving dynamics of the car is very impressive. Especially in Dynamic mode, the car
holds shifts and shifts much faster which really aids in the acceleration and speed of the car. The
transmission is smart enough to know if the car is in a corner and it will hold that gear in place so
you carry maximum speed in the corner. The exhaust is much more throaty and louder in the
Dynamic mode. Naturally the car itself sits lower than any other modern Jaguar because it is a
true sports car. Since the car is a convertible it has a folding clothe roof that opens and closes at
12 seconds and can be done at up to 30 mph. With 8 speeds or 8 gears on the car, it makes
highway cruising very smooth and comfortable. F-type has a top speed of 186 mph in the V8
model.

1:05- The V6 S does 0-60 in 4.8 seconds and has a top speed of 171 mph. Some such as Jeremy
Clarkson agrees that the V6 is the best choice because you never aspire for more power while
you drive the car.
3:10- In the true spirit of Jaguar, it is not a complex piece of technology despite the technology it
already has. The car emits a sense of having a soul. There is no complex folding roof and there is
no double clutch transmission, just one smooth 8 speed transmission.
4:17- The downfalls of the F-type include the very poor trunk size of the car especially with the
spare tire. The car is also surprisingly uncomfortable even in the softest setting. But in the sense
of a true sports car, the ride gets better the faster you go.
The Observation Notes 3: (Norman Dewis Documentary)
0:10- Norman Dewis test driver and development engineer for Jaguar from 1952-1985. He has
worked with the C, D, and E-type Jaguars which makes him one of the most talked about and
achieved test drivers of all time. The man has raced Le Mans and has driven over a million miles
just for testing at Jaguar.
1:30- At the age of 16, a person by the name of T Neal took Dewis out for Test Drive and make
observations. He is the man that directed Dewis into the Test Driving career because he always
made an extra few observations that showed promise.
5:40- As a test drive you are never done testing. There is always more miles you can cover and
more observations to be made. You can develop and the development comes from failure.
Failure is what leads to the potential of improvement. Norman would test so much that the
innovative disk brakes would glow red and heat up to the point you can light a cigarette on it.
9:40- In 1952 as the C-type was under development, Jaguar was attempting to test the top speed
of the car. When they went to test the car it was raining and Jaguar was going to call it quits
however, Dewis claimed that all the press were there so he had to do a run. Dewis went around
145 mph breaking the previous top speed record but Norman claims it could have gone faster if
the roads were dry. Dewis went on to get speed records for sedans and all the sports cars giving
Jaguar great publicity.
18:15- Later when the D-type was produced, Dewis set another record at 192 mph. This
absolutely shattered any other land speed record. Norman said knowing the car helps and he said
that everyone else was cutting their windscreen but he kept his to have a bit extra speed down the
straights. Jaguar actually did not want Dewis to do much racing because he was such a valuable
member to the Jaguar team. He was not to be lost in an accident because it would cost them a
great test driver. But during important races where other drivers were not available or not
qualified they used Norman. But Jaguar said be careful at Le Mans with the D-type. During the
race another car crashed and Jaguar decided keep racing while Mercedes pulled over. Jaguar
followed to rules of racing despite how grim it seemed, a race must continue until red flag is
pulled. Jaguar hit the win but without much surprise.

28:20- A new Jaguar was to be under development that had some performance cues from the Dtype. This car would go on to be the legendary E-type. During the unveiling everyone went wild
it was one of the most beautiful vehicles created. Jaguar immediately called Norman to the
factory to take the E-type to the Geneva Motor show. To make it to the boat in time Norman
raced down as quickly as possible, and there was much less traffic back then so he could do this.
When he got the boat the man said it was too late to load the car on until his light flashed on to
the E-type. When he saw the beauty of the car, he immediately called for a boat to load this car
up for the show. The beauty of the E-type and the evolution of its predecessors is truly
remarkable and everyone respected it.
Interview Questions: Interview Completed by Austin Brownlee
1. Give an example of how Jaguar dominated the racing world throughout the 50s.
Easily the Jaguar D-type taking the number one title at Le Mans three times in a row.
That is unheard of back then and today.
2. Tell me what stands out to you about Jaguars E-type as opposed to its predecessors.
The other Jaguars that came before it were certainly head turners but there was a certain
elegance to the E-type that only it achieved. It was truly the full package, the handling,
refinement, speed. And during its debut, it was half the price of Aston Martins and a third
of the price of Ferraris.
3. What could Jaguar have done differently with the Jaguar E-type to do better in racing?
The E-type was certainly a decent performer but I still believe it was a downgrade from
the D-type. The acceleration certainly could have been improved perhaps with the help of
a transmission upgrade or adding raw power.
4. What different approaches do you think Jaguar took to advance their cars at the time and
how those concepts may or may not have affected the new F-type?
At the time Jaguar truly did do its best and the only vehicle that could have been
improved as far as performance is the E-type. The only way the current F-type would be
any different is if the design cues of the predecessors changed.
5. Discuss what the F-type represents today in comparison to its predecessors.
Today the F-type is a car that represents beauty much like the E-type. Although it has
incredible specs, particularly in the V8 form, it still pales in comparison to its
competitors. A majority of Porsches could wipe the floor with an F-type on track, even M
badged BMWs. The F-type is much like the E-type it is a delight to look at and in its
own right, great to drive.