Noise and vibration control on

construction and open sites

Part 3. Code of practice applicable to
surface coal extraction by opencast
methods

ICS 17.140.20; 17.160; 73.020

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BS 5228 :
Part 3 : 1997

--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BRITISH STANDARD

BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1997

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/209, General building codes, to Subcommittee B/209/17, Noise control on open
sites, upon which the following bodies were represented:

--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Association of Consulting Engineers

British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries
British Coal Corporation
British Compressed Air Society
Building Employers' Confederation
Chartered Institute of Environmental Health
Concrete Society
Construction Health and Safety Group
Construction Plant-Hire Association
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of the Environment (Pollution Control and Waste Directorate)
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Federation of Dredging Contractors
Federation of Piling Specialists
Institution of Civil Engineers
Sand and Gravel Association Limited

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 May 1997

Amendments issued since publication

BSI 1997

Amd. No.

Date

Text affected

First published as BS 5228

May 1975
First published as BS 5228 : Part 3
May 1984
Second edition May 1997
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/209/17
Draft for comment 96/101066 DC
ISBN 0 580 26874 8
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BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1997

Contents

Page
Inside front cover
ii

Committees responsible
Foreword
Code of practice
Introduction
1
1
Scope
1
2
References
1
3
Definitions
1
4
Legislation
1
5
Site planning and practical measures to reduce noise and vibration
1
6
Limitations on emission of noise and vibration from sites
4
Annexes
A
(informative) Legislative detail
5
B
(informative) Coal processing, storage and distribution
5
List of references
Inside back cover

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BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1997

Foreword
This Part of BS 5228, which has been prepared by Subcommittee B/209/17, covers the
control of noise and vibration from surface coal extraction by opencast methods. It
supersedes BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1984, which is withdrawn.
BS 5228 refers to the need for the protection of persons living and working in the
vicinity of such sites and those working on the sites, from noise and vibration. It
recommends procedures for noise and vibration control in respect of construction and
demolition operations and aims to assist architects, contractors and site operatives,
designers, developers, engineers, and local authority environmental health officers and
planners, regarding the control of noise and vibration.
Noise and vibration can cause disturbance to processes and activities in neighbouring
buildings, and in certain extreme circumstances vibration can cause or contribute to
building damage.
Noise and vibration can be the cause of serious disturbance and inconvenience to
anyone exposed to it and in certain circumstances noise and vibration can be a hazard
to health. The Environmental Protection Act 1990 [1] in England and Wales (and
Scotland by virtue of the Environment Act 1995 [2]) contains provisions for the
abatement of nuisances caused by noise and vibration. The provisions of the
Environmental Protection Act 1990 [1] are extended to vehicles, machinery and
equipment in streets by the Noise and Statutory Nuisance Act 1993 [3], the Control of
Pollution Act 1974 [4] in England, Wales and Scotland, and the Pollution Control and
Local Government (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 [5] in Northern Ireland. The 1974 and
1990 Acts (sections 73(1) and 79(7), respectively) and the 1978 Order (Article 53(1))
define `noise' as including `vibration'.
It should be noted that BS 6472 covers the human response to vibration in structures
and BS 7385 : Part 1 covers the measurement and evaluation of structural vibration.
BS 7385 : Part 2 contains guidance on damage levels from groundborne vibration.
NOTE. An item dealing with the vibratory loading of structures is being processed within ISO/TC 98/SC/2,
Safety of structures. This is being monitored by BSI.
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

BS 5228 consists of the following Parts:

Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5

Code of practice for basic information and procedures for noise and
vibration control
Guide to noise and vibration control legislation for construction and
demolition, including road construction and maintenance
Code of practice applicable to surface coal extraction by opencast
methods
Code of practice for noise and vibration control applicable to piling
operations
Code of practice applicable to surface mineral extraction excluding
coal1)

BS 5228 : Part 1 is common to all the types of work covered by this and the other Parts
of BS 5228, which should be read in conjunction with Part 1.
Other Parts will be published in due course as and when required by industry.

1)In

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preparation.

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BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1997

Attention is drawn to the Control of Pollution Act 1974 [4] (Part III(Noise)), the
Environmental Protection Act 1990 [1] (Part III (Statutory Nuisances and Clean Air)),
the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 [6] (in Northern Ireland, the Pollution
Control and Local Government (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 [5] and the Health and
Safety at Work (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 [7]), and to the Noise at Work
Regulations, 1989 SI 1790 [8] and the Noise at Work Regulations (Northern
Ireland), 1990 Statutory Rules 147 [9].
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1
to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.

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BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1997

Code of practice
Introduction

3 Definitions

Opencast coal sites can pose a greater diversity of

problems of noise and vibration control compared
with most other types of industrial activity for the
following reasons:
a) apart from some ancillary operations, they are
carried out entirely in the open and can extend
over a wide area;
b) they are of variable duration from a few months
to several years and in some cases sites in
adjacent areas can follow one another in
succession over a prolonged period.
c) a wide variety of activities are carried out
involving the following phases:
1) geological and geotechnical exploration;
2) preliminary operations to establish the site;
3) soil stripping and removal of overburden;
4) coaling, coal preparation, storage and
dispatch;
5) backfilling and final site restoration;
6) rehabilitation of final land form to public
amenity, agriculture or other subsequent
development;
d) a wide range of earth-moving and specialized
plant is employed, the use of which varies
significantly at different phases and times and at
different heights and depths within the site.

For the purposes of this Part of BS 5228, the

definitions given in BS 5228 : Part 1 apply together
with the following.

1 Scope
This Part of BS 5228 gives recommendations for
good practice for measures to control noise and
vibration, enabling coal to be extracted economically
by opencast methods with the minimum of
disturbance to the community.

2 References
2.1 Normative reference
This Part of BS 5228 incorporates, by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are made
at the appropriate places in the text and the cited
publications are listed on the inside back cover. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies; any
subsequent amendments to or revisions of the cited
publication apply to this Part of BS 5228 only when
incorporated in the amendment by reference or
revision. For undated references, the latest edition of
the cited publication applies together, with any
amendments.
2.2 Informative references
This Part of BS 5228 refers to other publications that
provide information or guidance. Editions of these
publications current at the time of issue of this
standard are listed on the inside back cover, but
reference should be made to the latest editions.

3.1 overburden
The material overlying the coal, including topsoil and
subsoil.
NOTE. Economic deposits of other minerals may occur in the
overburden.

3.2 baffle mound

A temporary dump usually formed from topsoil or
subsoil, for the purpose of reducing noise from the
site and to provide a visual screen.

4 Legislation
It should be noted that opencast coal mining is
governed by a wide variety of legislative instruments
and government policy statements. Policy regarding
the working of opencast coal is set out in a series of
guidance notes on mineral planning. The most
important of these is MPG 3 [10], which was revised
in July 1994 and expanded to cover all aspects of the
coal industry. Other important notes are MPG 1 [11],
dealing with general principles, MPG 9 [12], which
contains some guidance on vibration levels
associated with blasting, and MPG 11 [13], on noise
from surface mineral workings.
The legislative framework consists of several
elements, the most important of which is the Coal
Industry Act 1994 [14], passed in July 1994. Other key
legislation includes the Coal Industry Nationalisation
Act 1946 [15], the Opencast Coal Act 1958 [16] and
the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 [17]. (See
annex A for detailed legislative information.)

5 Site planning and practical measures

to reduce noise and vibration
5.1 General
Prior to making an application for planning
permission, an applicant should discuss with the
Mineral Planning Authority (MPA) and the
appropriate department of the local authority (see
annex A) the predicted noise and vibration levels
from the proposed site and the control measures to
be implemented. This will highlight at an early stage
any noise and vibration issues that should be
addressed. The predicted noise and vibration levels
and proposed control measures should be included
in the application documentation.
Local residents and other interested parties should
also be consulted at this stage.

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BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1997

5.2 Site planning

In planning the working of the site, consideration
should be given to the effect of the proposed
working method and site layout on adjacent sensitive
premises. Where necessary, alternative methods or
arrangements which have the least impact of
emissions of noise and vibration should be employed
if economically viable.
5.3 Location of site elements
With due consideration of the topography of the area
and natural screening effects, care should be taken
in the siting of the following:
a) access points;
b) limit of excavation;
c) baffle mounds;
d) acoustic fences;
e) overburden mounds;
f) internal haul roads;
g) plant yards and maintenance facilities;
h) coal screening and washing plants;
i) pumps, generators and static plant;
j) stocking areas and loading facilities;
k) off-site coal haulage routes;
l) site amenities and car parking.
Access points should be located with due regard to
the proximity of noise-sensitive premises. The
location and design of access points have to be
agreed with the highway authority and the MPA.
The limit of excavation is determined by a wide
range of geological and engineering constraints such
as the location, nature and quality of the coal, the
characteristics and stability of the strata and the
existence of faults and other features. In addition to
these constraints, further reductions to the limit of
excavation should be considered, for example, to
provide additional space around the excavation area
for baffle mounds or other screening methods or to
utilize fully the natural screening effects of the
existing topography.
Baffle mounds should be sited so as to provide
protection to noise-sensitive premises and should be
extended in length beyond the limits of the premises
to be protected. To obtain the best protection, they
should be sited to obscure the line of sight to the
noise sources and to maximize the path differences.
Guidance on the noise reduction to be expected
from baffle mounds and similar barriers may be
found in annex D of BS 5228 : Part 1 : 1997.
Where protection to noise-sensitive premises is
required and where construction of a baffle mound
is impracticable, the provision of another type of
acoustic barrier should be considered. Visual
considerations should be taken into account.

Due to the highly visible and intrusive nature of

operations involved in the construction and removal
of overburden mounds, they should always be sited
as far from noise-sensitive premises as possible.
Their height should be restricted where appropriate.
During construction of an overburden mound, the
faces nearest to noise-sensitive premises should be
progressively raised to form an effective baffle so
that the bulk of tipping is carried out behind those
faces. Similarly, those faces should be retained for as
long as practicable during removal of the mounds to
provide screening for the bulk of the removal
operations.
Internal haul roads should be located as far as
practicable from noise-sensitive premises and be
appropriately screened. The roads should have easy
gradients and gradual turns to reduce noise emission
from vehicles and mobile plant.
Overburden mounds should be located as far from
noise-sensitive premises as is reasonable, except
where they are used as baffle mounds.
Site amenities, plant yards, maintenance areas, coal
screening/washing plants, stocking and loading
facilities should be sited remote from and be
screened from noise-sensitive premises.
Where coal is to be transported from the site by
road, the route should be carefully selected to
minimize the impact on noise-sensitive premises
even if this results in an increased haulage distance.
5.4 Working methods
The phasing of the works and the working methods
will have a major bearing on the control of noise.
The following are of special importance:
a) depth of the coal seams;
b) direction of working;
c) height, method of construction and location of
overburden mounds;
d) location, gradient and screening of site roads;
e) plant to be employed;
f) working hours;
g) rate of production;
h) use and control of blasting.
Working methods should be adopted that allow for
early screening of noise-sensitive premises from the
subsequent operations. Where practicable, noisy
static site elements should be located to take
advantage of the screening effects of overburden and
soil mounds.
Once the limit of excavation and the maximum depth
of the coal seams to be extracted have been
determined in accordance with 5.3, a direction of
working and phasing of operations can be deployed
that reduces the transmission of noise from the site.

--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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5.5 Selection of plant

The characteristics of noise and vibration emissions
from each item of plant, and their collective effect,
should be assessed during the selection process for
the acquisition of plant.
Consideration should be given to the selection of
plant with the least impact in terms of noise and
vibration.
Where electric plant is to be deployed on site,
consideration should be given to the installation of a
mains supply in preference to on-site generators.
Information concerning sound power levels for
specific items of plant may be found in tables 10
and 11 of annex C of BS 5228 : Part 1 : 1997.
5.6 Deployment of plant
The movement of plant on and off the site should be
restricted as far as practicable to within the agreed
working hours for the site.
The time taken to carry out noisy operations near
occupied properties outside the site should be
reduced to as short a period as possible.
5.7 Working hours
The restriction of working hours for any operation
where emissions of noise and vibration may have an
adverse effect on the occupants of sensitive premises
should be considered in preference to the
sterilization of coal reserves. Coal haulage by road
from such sites should be limited to between
0700 hours and 1900 hours, unless local
circumstances require otherwise.
5.8 Training and supervision
Operatives should be trained to employ proper
techniques to keep site noise and vibration to a
minimum.
Effective supervision and a commitment by all
concerned should provide the best and most
effective way of achieving the objectives of this
standard.
Site working should be carried out strictly in
accordance with the conditions of planning
permission and the recommendations of this
standard, which should be enforced by site
supervision.
A programme of self monitoring should be
implemented to ensure that site working conforms
to these conditions and recommendations.
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5.9 Operation of plant

Efficient exhaust silencers and/or enclosures should
be fitted to all engines and all plant should be
maintained in efficient working order.
Consideration should be given to the provision of
acoustic enclosures (see BS 5228 : Part 1),
particularly when fixed plant is operated near
noise-sensitive premises.
Dragline buckets should be emptied as close to spoil
heaps as possible, taking care to keep the clanging
of chains on buckets to a minimum.
Doors of diesel powered excavators should generally
be kept closed.
Plant should be parked as far as possible from
noise-sensitive premises and engines should be
started one by one.
Excessive and unnecessary revving of engines should
be avoided at all times.
Audible reversing warning systems on dump trucks
should be of a type which, whilst ensuring that they
give proper warning, have a minimum noise impact
on persons outside opencast coal sites. When
reversing, dump trucks should travel in a direction
away from noise-sensitive premises whenever
possible. Consideration should be given to the
employment of other reversing warning systems to
reduce the impact of noise outside opencast coal
sites, provided the chosen systems conform to
applicable regulations, including those related to
Health and Safety.
The construction of baffle mounds adjacent to
noise-sensitive premises should not be carried out at
night. It may also be necessary to restrict this
operation to times other than early mornings or late
evenings, to avoid undue disturbance to local
residents.
Fixed noise sources such as generators and pumps,
particularly those operating for 24 h each day, should
be sited as far from noise-sensitive premises as is
reasonable or, when site conditions permit, should
be sited within the excavation.
When this is impracticable they should be enclosed
within baffle mounds or acoustic enclosures. Pumps
should be electrically driven and sound-reduced
plant should be employed for electric power
generation.
Routine servicing, maintenance and testing of plant
should be carried out whenever possible within a
properly screened plant yard. For the larger items of
plant such as main excavators that are serviced and
maintained at their working positions, care should be
taken to avoid disturbance from noise at sensitive
locations particularly during unsociable hours.
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

There is a wide range of variables that influence

these activities therefore it is not possible to be
prescriptive for individual sites and a commonsense
approach should be adopted. For example, it may be
useful to retain an area of high ground within an
excavation area of a site to screen other site
activities until the latter stages of a particular phase
of an operation, whereas in other cases the material
from the high ground may be more effectively
utilized as screening material in an earlier phase of
the operation.

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BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1997

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5.10 Blasting
Blasting can be an emotive issue for residents
around an opencast site. Good liaison between
operator and residents is essential to prevent
unnecessary anxiety. Wherever possible the operator
should inform each resident of the proposed times of
blasting and of any deviation from this programme in
advance of the operations.
On each day that blasting takes place it should be
restricted as far as practicable to regular periods.
Blasthole drilling can cause excessive noise
emissions particularly when carried out at or near
ground level and close to the site boundary. The
choice of appropriate drilling rigs such as
down-the-hole hammers or hydraulic drifters as
opposed to compressed air drifters will reduce the
impact of noise emissions from this activity.
Each blast should be carefully designed to maximize
its efficiency and reduce the transmission of noise
and vibration.
Initiation using detonating fuse on the surface may
cause problems associated with air overpressure.
This can be avoided by adopting the technique of
down-the-hole initiation or, if this is not possible,
can be alleviated using exposed lines of detonating
fuse with a reasonable thickness of selected
overburden.
Groundborne vibration can lead to concern being
expressed by residents around opencast sites usually
over the likelihood of damage to property, albeit that
even the most cosmetic of plaster cracking is
extremely unlikely.
This problem can be mitigated by the adoption of
good blasting techniques which may include
consideration of the following measures:
a) reduction of instantaneous charge weights;
b) the judicious use of short delay detonators;
c) decking of explosive charges within boreholes;
d) ensuring that the maximum free (fragmented or
open) face is available for each shot;
e) adequate stemming with appropriate material
such as sized gravel or stone chippings.

All of these activities generate noise and vibration.

The major sources are the crushing and screening
processes, the reception and disposal hoppers,
mobile site plant and road and rail traffic.
Coal disposal sites are areas of major industrial
activity which may need to be located at least 400 m
from noise-sensitive premises.
If there are any noise-sensitive premises in close
proximity, effective screening of mobile plant and
traffic by baffle mounds is required and proper
provision should be made for the effective insulation
of fixed plant and equipment, such as the use of
lined chutes and properly designed acoustic
enclosures.

6 Limitations on emission of noise and

vibration from sites
Opencast coal extraction and associated works can
take place in remote to semi-urban area conditions.
Each site and situation should be considered for
noise and vibration control on its own merits. When
the site is adjacent to noise-sensitive premises it may
be necessary to impose conditions including specific
noise limits, with such other conditions imposed as
determined by the Secretary of State for Energy or
Mineral Planning Authority as appropriate.
Guidance regarding criteria for the setting of noise
and vibration control targets can be found in
clause 8 of BS 5228 : Part 1 : 1997.
Guidance on vibration levels associated with blasting
is given within MPG 9 [12] and for noise from surface
mineral workings within MPG 11 [13].
Limitations on working hours for the site, or part of
it, and the restriction of the noisier activities to less
sensitive times or days, can be employed as means
of limiting the impact of noise and vibration from
opencast coal sites.

5.11 Coal disposal sites

After coal is excavated from an opencast site it may
be taken to a coal disposal site. This can be located
within an opencast site, adjacent to an opencast site
or at some distance, near main line rail and road
facilities, and can serve more than one site. At a coal
disposal site any, all or a combination of the
following can take place: coal washing, crushing,
screening, blending, storage in hoppers or on the
ground in bunds and dispatch from the disposal
point by rail or road vehicles. (See annex B.)

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Annexes

Before 1984 the British Coal Corporation's sites were

authorized by the Secretary of State for Energy. Since
then for all opencast sites a planning permission has
been required from the appropriate Mineral Planning
Authority (MPA) or, on appeal, from the Secretary of
State for the Environment in England or the Secretary
of State for Scotland or Wales as appropriate. The
operator therefore makes a planning application to the
relevant MPA, either the County Council in shire
counties, the Metropolitan Council in the former
Metropolitan Counties, or the District Council in
Scotland. Mineral planning authority will also be
exercised by new unitary authorities being created in
Scotland, Wales and parts of England.
Before making a planning application, the operator
often undertakes extensive drilling and other
explorations to prove the coal reserves. These
operations are now governed by clause 22 of the Town
and Country Planning General Development
Order 1988 [18]. Coal operators also require a licence
from the Coal Authority (see further in this annex) if
they wish to explore for coal.
Since July 1988 almost all the British Coal
Corporation's site applications and many larger sites
applied for by other operators have been accompanied
by an Environmental Statement. These are required
under the Town and Country Planning (Assessment of
Environmental Effects) Regulations 1988 [19], which
implemented the 1985 EC Environmental Assessment
Directive [20]. The Environmental Statement examines
the environmental implications of the proposed
operations (noise, dust, visual impact, traffic, etc.) on
the local community as well as the impact on the
ecology and landscape of the site.
The MPA considers the application and, if satisfied that
the proposals are acceptable in planning and
environmental terms, approves it subject to conditions
governing the site operations and restoration.
If the planning application is refused or not determined
by the MPA, the operator may appeal to the Secretary
of State for the Environment, Wales or Scotland as
appropriate. A public inquiry is held under an
Inspector, and following the Inspector's report the
Secretary of State grants or refuses permission.
After an opencast site receives planning permission an
authorization from the local authority is also needed
for the coal loading operations, which are Part B
processes in accordance with the Regulations under
Part 1 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 [1].

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Almost all coal in Great Britain is vested in the Coal

Authority, a non-departmental public body created by
the Coal Industry Act 1994 [14]. The authority is
responsible for managing the non-operational aspects
of the UK coal industry.
All future coal mining operations will require a lease
and licence from the Coal Authority under Part II of
the Coal Industry Act 1994 [14]. Sites licensed by the
British Coal Corporation before 31st October 1994
under Section 36 (2) of the 1946 Act (as amended by
the Coal Industry Act 1990) [15], can, however,
continue operations during the validity of those
licences. Sites contained in the 1994 privatization
packages have licences granted by the Government.
The previous limitation of 250 000 t on the amount of
coal extracted from any one licensed opencast site was
removed by the 1994 Act.
Applicants for licences are responsible for securing the
planning permission and other consents needed to
work the coal, including rights to occupy the land and
to disturb other minerals. Many opencast sites win
significant quantities of other minerals, principally
seams of fireclay beneath the coal seams. These
operations also require planning permission.

Annex B (informative)
Coal processing, storage and
distribution
When coal is delivered by road to a disposal point it
generally arrives at elevated discharge hoppers into
which coal is tipped from the lorries after they have
passed over a weigh bridge.
The coal falls through a large grid screen into the
hopper and is conveyed by a screw conveyor into
roller crushers, usually diesel driven, which reduce the
coal size. It may then pass through a coal washing
plant before being carried by belt conveyors into the
coal screening house.
Here the coal is conveyed to the top of the building
before falling through a series of shaking screens of
diminishing size where the required sized coal is
removed to separate storage facilities.
The sized, washed and blended coal is then conveyed
to the main storage area where it is laid down in layers
and levelled using one or more diesel loader/dozers.
When required for the market, the coal is dug out
using a diesel loader and loaded into a reclaim hopper.
From here a belt conveyor takes the coal to elevated
storage hoppers from which either road vehicles or
railway wagons are loaded by gravity.
--`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Annex A (informative)
Legislative detail

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Not for Resale

BS 5228 : Part 3 : 1997

List of references (see clause

2)

Normative references
BSI publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London

BS 5228 :
BS 5228 : Part 1 : 1997

Noise control on construction and open sites

Code of practice for basic information and procedures for noise
control

Informative references
BSI publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London

BS 6472 : 1992
BS 7385 :
BS 7385 : Part 1 : 1990
BS 7385 : Part 2 : 1993

Guide to evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings

(1 Hz to 80 Hz)
Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings
Guide for measurement of vibrations and evaluation of their
effects on buildings
Guide to damage levels from groundborne vibration

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Other publications
[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Environmental Protection Act 1990. London: The Stationery Office
[2] GREAT BRITAIN. Environment Act 1995. London: The Stationery Office
[3] GREAT BRITAIN. Noise and Statutory Nuisance Act 1993. London: The Stationery Office
[4] GREAT BRITAIN. Control of Pollution Act 1974. London: The Stationery Office
[5] NORTHERN IRELAND. Pollution Control and Local Government (Northern Ireland) Order 1978. Belfast: The
Stationery Office
[6] GREAT BRITAIN. Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. London: The Stationery Office
[7] NORTHERN IRELAND. Health and Safety at Work (Northern Ireland) Order 1978. Belfast: The Stationery
Office
[8] GREAT BRITAIN. Noise at Work Regulations, 1989 SI 1790. London: The Stationery Office
[9] NORTHERN IRELAND. Noise at Work Regulations (Northern Ireland), 1990 Statutory Rules 147. Belfast: The
Stationery Office
[10] DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT/WELSH OFFICE. Opencast coal mining. Mineral Planning
Guidance Note MPG 3. London: The Stationery Office, 1988
[11] DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT/WELSH OFFICE. General considerations and the Development
Plan System. Mineral Planning Guidance Note MPG 1. London: The Stationery Office, 1988
[12] DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT/WELSH OFFICE. Planning and Compensation Act 1991:
Interim Order Permissions (IDOs) Conditions. Mineral Planning Guidance Note MPG 9. London: The
Stationery Office, 1992
[13] DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT/WELSH OFFICE. The control of noise at surface mineral
workings. Mineral Planning Guidance Note MPG 11. London: The Stationery Office, 1993
[14] GREAT BRITAIN. Coal Industry Act 1994. London: The Stationery Office
[15] GREAT BRITAIN. Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946. London: The Stationery Office
[16] GREAT BRITAIN. Opencast Coal Act 1958. London: The Stationery Office
[17] GREAT BRITAIN. Town and Country Planning Act 1990. London: The Stationery Office
[18] GREAT BRITAIN. Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1988. London: The Stationery
Office
[19] GREAT BRITAIN. Town and Country Planning (Assessment of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1988.
London: The Stationery Office
[20] EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Council Directive 85/337/EEC. Environmental assessment (1985)
Copyright British Standards Institution
Provided by IHS under license with BSI
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

BSI 1997

Not for Resale

BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL

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