Respon Imun Terhadap Parasit

Mahardika AW
Parasitologi- FK UGM
dikafkugm@yahoo.co.id
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The cartoon illustrates the threat to the body from various

pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites, worms) and the
various types of immune responses. The illustration shows
leucocytes, which are killing worms, B cells (bombers) which
form specific antibodies that destroy bacteria, and cytotoxic T
cells (police with truncheons), which destroy virus-infected
cells. ( Eric Reits)
4/3/2013 dikafkugm@yahoo.co.id
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Humoral
Immune
response
Cellular
Immune
response
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Mucosal
Immune
response
Protozoa
Helminth
Arthropod
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Antigen E. histolitica
20-32 component
Soluble
Un-soluble
Surface :12 glycoprotein

strong hydrophobic
attachment
Somatic
The triad :Gallectin,

cysteine proteinases and
amoebapores major
proteins involved in the
pathogenesis of amoebiasis.
Other amoebic molecules:

lipophosphopeptidoglycan,
perioxiredoxin, arginase,
and lysine and glutamic
acid-rich proteins are also
implicated
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Attachment
Lectin
Surface Ag:
-Lectin
-Cystein proteinase
-Amebaphore
Amoebas surface Ag bind
to fibronectin & Laminin
Attachment &
Migration into
solid tissue
Matrix extracell:
- Collagen
- Fibronectin
- Laminin
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13
Amoeba
cysteine
proteases
manipulate
and destroy
host
defences to
facilitate
nutrient
acquisition,
parasite
colonization
and/or
invasion.
RELM-: Resistin like mol homeostatis of GI & inflamation; TFF3: Trefoil

factor Family 3 parameter fungsi sel goblet
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Cysteine proteases of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba

histolytica are key virulence factors involved in
overcoming host defences. These proteases are
cathepsin-like enzymes with a cathepsin-L like structure,
but cathepsin-B substrate specificity.
In the host intestine, amoeba cysteine proteases cleave
colonic mucins and degrade secretory immunoglobulin
(Ig) A and IgG rendering them ineffective.
They also act on epithelial tight junctions and degrade

the extracellular matrix to promote cell death.
They are involved in the destruction of red blood cells and
the evasion of neutrophils and macrophages and they
activate pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-18.
Strategies to inhibit the activity of amoeba cysteine
4/3
proteases could contribute significantly to host protection
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10
13
against E. histolytica.
Invasion of
intestinal
epithelial
Ulcus Ameba
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Lytic activity
Combined chemical & mechanical action:

Chemotaxis
Adhesion
Cytolysis following contact
Phagocytosis
Intracellular degradation
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Chemotaxis:
Locomotion toward target cells
Contact/ adhesion
Lysis of target cells
Liberation of enzym & Toxins of amoeba

Intracellular Degradation
Amoeba :- ingest lysed cells
- engulf living cells (RBC)
Nonpathogen : lose their erythrophagocytic activity
(Entamoeba dispar similar morphology, distinc
pathogenicity)
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Inhibition of colonic epithelial cell functions by E.

histolytica.
(A) Soluble amoebic proteins activate HSF-1 in epithelial cells causing it to

trimerize. Activation of HSF-1 induces expression of Hsp 27 and Hsp 72. (B)
Increased levels of Hsp 72 have anti-apoptotic effects and lead to increased
enterocyte survival. (C) Hsp 27 becomes phosphorylated and associates with
IKK, inhibiting its activity and suppressing nuclear factor-B activation induced
by proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF) released in response to amoebic
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invasion.
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HSF = Heat shock protein transcription factor; Hsp = Heat shock protein.
Phagocytosis of host cells by E. histolitica
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Immune Response against E. histolitica
LPPG:lipopeptidophosphoglycan
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Antibody respons
Rapid
1week
Intestinal
Circulating
IgA/ IgM/ IgG

-Diagnostic Value
ELISA
-No Protective Value
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Antibody in Amebiasis
Resistance to
Complement lysis
Ab against surface Ag
-Immobilization
Shedding of
Ag-Ab complex
Evade Humoral
Immune response
Ab against lectin :
-inhibit adhesion
Reduce Cytophatic Effect
-phagocytosis (+)
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Proposed model of IgA-based protection against

intestinal infection of E. histolitica
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The life cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

and acquisition of immunity in an area of endemic
transmission.
M
A
L
A
R
I
A
Ab
Ab
Ab
Jean Langhorne, Francis M Ndungu, Anne-Marit Sponaas
& Kevin Marsh
Nature Immunology 9, 725 - 732 (2008) doi:10.1038/ni.f.205
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Clinical manifestation of malaria

in relation to host immunity in
endemic area
Change over time of

various indices of
malaria in a population
living in an endemic
area of P. falciparum
transmission:
asymptomatic infection
(pink), mild disease
(febrile episodes
caused by malaria;
blue) and severe or
life-threatening disease
(green). The data are
normalized and are
presented as the
percent of maximum
cases for each
population index.
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Linking innate and adaptive immunity to blood-stage

malaria.
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Host
immune
responses
against
Plasmodium
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Vaccine against
malaria
Type of vaccines could be used in each specific stage of

the parasite's life cycle.
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Sporozoite
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ROLE OF NEUTROPHIL IN EARLY DEFENDS AGAINST T. GONDII

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BRADIZOITE FORMATION
Immunocompetent host : CMI cyst
formation
Slow rate bradiz tachiz control by

RNI
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Protozoa
Helminth
Arthropod
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Immune
Response
against
Intestinal
Nematode
To combat intestinal worms, mammals rely on adaptive immune

responses mediated by T cells. However, it seems that, initially,
innate immune cells mimic T-cell activity,
while T cells get ready
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for action.
The intestinal epithelium: sensors to effectors in

nematode infection
D Artis and R K Grencis
TLSP: Tymic Stromal Prot.

Mucosal Immunology (2008) 1, 252264;4/3/2013
doi:10.1038/mi.2008.2
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parasite-specific CD4 T-cell responses elicit

nonspecific "modular" type-2 responses
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Intestinal Helminths provoke

strong TH2-mediated immune
responses
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Eosinophils use
FcgR1 Receptor
to mediate to kill
helminth
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Antibody-coated target cells (i.e: worm)

can be killed by NK cells in Antibody
Dependent cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
(ADCC)
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Protozoa
Helminth
Arthropod
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Venomous Arthropods
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Arthropods Venom:
Hypersensitivity reactions
are mediated by
immunological mechanism
that cause tissue damage
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Mast-cell activation
has different
effects on different
tissues
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Antihistamines block HistamineReceptors from joining with Histamine

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Mahardika AW

The cartoon illustrates the threat to the body from various

Surface :12 glycoprotein

The triad :Gallectin,

Other amoebic molecules:

RELM-: Resistin like mol homeostatis of GI & inflamation; TFF3: Trefoil

Cysteine proteases of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba

They also act on epithelial tight junctions and degrade

Combined chemical & mechanical action:

Lysis of target cells

Liberation of enzym & Toxins of amoeba

Inhibition of colonic epithelial cell functions by E.

(A) Soluble amoebic proteins activate HSF-1 in epithelial cells causing it to

Phagocytosis of host cells by E. histolitica

Immune Response against E. histolitica

IgA/ IgM/ IgG

-No Protective Value

Reduce Cytophatic Effect

Proposed model of IgA-based protection against

The life cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Clinical manifestation of malaria

Change over time of

Linking innate and adaptive immunity to blood-stage

Type of vaccines could be used in each specific stage of

ROLE OF NEUTROPHIL IN EARLY DEFENDS AGAINST T. GONDII

Slow rate bradiz tachiz control by

To combat intestinal worms, mammals rely on adaptive immune

The intestinal epithelium: sensors to effectors in

TLSP: Tymic Stromal Prot.

parasite-specific CD4 T-cell responses elicit

Intestinal Helminths provoke

Antibody-coated target cells (i.e: worm)

Antihistamines block HistamineReceptors from joining with Histamine

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