DE BIOTECNOLOGIA ALGAL
CLABA 2015
VIA DEL MAR
25 AL 29 DE OCTUBRE 2015
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CONFERENCIA INAUGURAL
DESIGNING PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICRO-ORGANISMS - FOOD AND FUEL FOR THE 21ST CENTURY.
Mayfield, S1., 1Molecular Biology, Professor, University of California San Diego.
Fuel, food, and all biological products are simply different forms of chemical energy, and as such are closely
related. All of these products are ultimately derived from photosynthesis, the process by which sunlight
energy is converted to chemical energy. Over the last 100 years we have exploited cheap fossil fuels to drive
unprecedented economic and agricultural growth, but in so doing we have released sequestered CO2 into
the atmosphere, which is now beginning to impact our climate. In addition, fossil fuel reserves are finite,
and we are starting to see the initial signs of depletion of these reserves, including the rising cost of fuel
and food. The first Green Revolution, started in the 1940s, delivered unprecedented increases in crop
productivity, but these came with a high cost of increased energy, fertilizer, and water use. Today we have
the tools to start the Green Revolution 2.0, in which increased productivity is coupled with greatly increased
efficiencies, especially in the consumption of limited resources of land, water and energy. Using designed
for purpose photosynthetic organisms we have the opportunity to develop production platforms for fuel,
food, and biomaterials that have unmatched specificities, efficiencies, and productivities. These new - designed for purpose organisms will require advanced genetic and synthetic biology tools. The challenges,
potential, and some early successes of building designed for purpose photosynthetic microorganisms will
be discussed.
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SESION 1
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DESARROLLO DE UN MTODO PILOTO PARA LA PRODUCCIN DE FICOCIANINA DESDE SPIRULINA SP., USO
DE BIOPROCESOS VERDES.
Villagra, D1., 1Ingeniera Industrial, Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniera Industrial Informtica y Sistemas,
Universidad De Tarapac.
Por dcadas la microalga Spirulina (Arthrospira) ha sido a nivel mundial una de las especies de mayor
inters econmico para el cultivo masivo, por la cantidad y calidad de sus protenas, presencia de cidos
grasos insaturados, baja cantidad de colesterol y una moderada cantidad de carbohidratos (National
Research Council, 2012). Spirulina sp., presenta un alto contenido de protena que oscila entre el 60 y 70%
de su materia seca. Adems, investigaciones recientes dejan de manifiesto que bajo ciertas condiciones de
nutrientes, intensidad luminosa y temperatura esta alga verde azulada puede producir hasta un 25% de su
peso en Ficocianina, un pigmento azul de gran inters econmico (Behrens, 1999).
La produccin potencial de compuestos colorantes utilizando microorganismos ha abierto una fuente
alternativa en comparacin con los mtodos tradicionales para la obtencin de estos productos. En este
contexto, la produccin de ficobiliproteinas por cianobacterias (alga verde-azul) y alga roja, representa un
fenmeno muy interesante, en particular la produccin de ficocianina extrada de Arthrospira sp. debido al
alto precio de estos productos de origen natural en los mercados internacionales (Song, 2013).
Por ello, se desarrollo un mtodo de extraccin escalable basado en los preceptos de la qumica verde
para la recuperacin y obtencin de ficocianina grado alimenticio y reactivo desde Spirulina sp, utilizando
soluciones buffers acuosa y sistemas de membranas (ultrafiltracin y dilisis), aplicable a nivel laboratorio y
escalable a planta piloto obteniendo una recuperacin del 10% de ficocianina en base a biomasa seca con
pureza 3,5 (A620/A280).
Referencias:
1. National Research Council. (2012), Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the nited States.
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
2. KE, Behrens PW (1999), Commercial developments in microalgal biotechnology. J. Phycol. 35: 215226.
3. W. Song, C. Zhao, and S. Wang, (2013), A Large-Scale Preparation Method of High Purity C-Phycocyanin, I. J. of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 3, 4, 293-297
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SCREENING FOR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL POLYPHENOLS OF SELECTED MACROALGAE OF BAJA
CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO.
Tenorio-Rodrguez, Paola1., Murillo-lvarez , Ivn2.,Campa, Angel3.,Angulo, Carlos1.,1Agricultura en
Zonas Aridas Centro de Investigaciones Biolgicas del Noroeste S.C..2Departamento de Desarrollo de
Tecnologas Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politcnico Nacional, La Paz
(Mexico).3Acuicultura Centro de Investigaciones Biolgicas del Noroeste S.C..
The Baja California Peninsula is one of the richest regions of macroalgae in Mxico. Baja California Sur algal
flora is characterized by approximately 669 species of macroalgae along around its coastline. This species
richness suggests a great biotechnological potential, since are currently referenced in the literature as
sources of bioactive compounds suitable for useas functional, pharmacological and cosmetics ingredients.
In order to valorize the macroalgae from Baja California Sur and extended their application in the industries,
ethanol extracts from seventeen macroalgae (four Chlorophyta, six Rhodophyta, seven Phaeophyta) were
screened in their antioxidant potential. In order to determine the antioxidant capacity macroalgae extracts,
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) as nitric oxide, superoxide,
and hydro peroxide radical scavenging assays were applied. Assays were determined by using UV/vis
spectrophotometric methods.
The results point, for the first time in the Peninsula that several macroalgae exhibit a significant antioxidant
activity and high polyphenol content, especially Eisenia arborea belonged to Phaeophyta, in addition
Acanthopora spicifera Rodophyta species showed relatively high reduction power. Those results could lead
to their application in many health care products, as well as in the prevention of variety of diseases. Our
finding will allow us to select a number of algae for further investigation in search for biological activities.
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ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DEL GLICEROL RESIDUAL PROVENIENTE DEL BIODIESEL PARA GENERAR DHA Y
EPA, EMPLEANDO THRAUSTOCHYTRIDOS
Silva, David1., Quevedo, Roberto 2.,Quilodran, Benita1.,1RECURSOS NATURALES Y MEDIO AMBIENTE
Universidad De Los Lagos.2Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios Universidad De Los Lagos. (Sponsored
by Direccin De Investigacin De La Universidad De Los Lagos, Ncleo De Biotecnologa Ambiental Y
Departamento De Recursos Naturales Y Medio Ambiente Por El Apoyo Financiero Y El Empleo De Equipos
Para Anlisis.)
Desde hace 10 aos se usa glicerol residual (GR) generado en la produccin de biodiesel como sustrato
para el crecimiento de varios microorganismos. Los thraustochytridos (TH), una especie de pseudohongos
marinos, aprovechan el GR para generar productos de inters comercial, como cidos grasos omega 3 y
6 (AGO), pigmentos y biocombustibles. El estudio evalo cuatro fuentes de GR provenientes de: aceite
de soya (AS), maz (AM), fritura de soya (AFS) y fritura de maz (AFM) y los compar con glicerol puro (G),
seleccionando el que present mejores resultados de produccin de AGO y biomasa. Se tomaron stos
por ser las fuentes ms empleados para producir biodiesel. Se cultivaron TH a 25C, 180 rpm, sin aireacin
externa, cultivo batch, en un biorreactor de tanque agitado (1 L) en cada una de las fuentes mencionadas,
y se extrajo EPA y DHA por transesterificacin directa, cuantificandolos mediante cromatografa gaseosa.
El perfil de metil steres de cidos grasos arroj para el cultivo en G 0,121 g/L de EPA y 0,641 g/L de DHA.
Comparando los valores del GR del AS versus el AM, hay mayor obtencin de EPA y DHA en AS (0,368 g/L y
2,194 g/L respectivamente). Igual resultado se obtuvo al comparar GR de los aceites de fritura, donde AFS
produjo mayor cantidad de EPA y DHA (0,109 g/L y 0,413 g/L). Para la biomasa, se obtienen mayores valores
cuando se emplea GR proveniente de AS con 4,821 g/L y AM con 2,446 g/L. Los valores de productividad
volumtrica de biomasa y de productos al usar AS fueron 0,964 g/L da biomasa, 0,074 g/L da EPA y 0,440
g/L da DHA. Se concluye que se genera mayor cantidad de EPA, DHA y biomasa cuando se utiliza GR
proveniente del AS, el cual es biotransformado ms eficientemente por los TH para producir AGO.
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ACTIVIDAD BIOLOGICA DEL ALGINATO DE SODIO Y DEL FUCOSTEROL DE Lessonia vadosa (LESSONIACEAE)
COLECTADA EN EL GOLFO SAN JORGE, ARGENTINA.
Becerra, Monica1., Crdoba, Osvaldo2.,Pinto Vitorino, Graciela3.,Ponce, Andrea4.,Stortz, Carlos5.,Kritsanida,
Marina6.,Grugnet , Raphae7.,Michel, Sylvie6.,Reyna Jeldes , Mauricio8.,Weinstein-Oppenheimer ,
Caroline8.,Efstathioud , Antonia9.,Smirlis, Despina10.,Flores, Mara11.,1 Farmacognosia y Quimica Biologica
II, GQBMRNP, CRIDECIT., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan
Bosco, Km 4, 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut. Argentina.2Qumica Biologica II, GQBMRNP, CRIDECIT.,
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Km 4, 9000,
Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut. Argentina.3 Qumica medicinal, GQBMRNP, CRIDECIT., Facultad de Ciencias
Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Km 4, 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut.
Argentina.4Dpto. de Qumica Organica, , CIHIDECAR., FCEN, UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, 1428,
Buenos Aires, Argentina..5Dpto. de Qumica Organica, CIHIDECAR., FCEN, UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab.
2, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina..6Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR CNRS 8638 COMETE., Facult de
Pharmacie de Paris, Universit Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit, 4 avenue de lObservatoire, 75006,
France..7Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR CNRS 8638 COMETE., Facult de Pharmacie de Paris,
Universit Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit, 4 avenue de lObservatoire, 75006, France..8Escuela de
Qumica y Farmacia, FF. Universidad de Valparaso, Av. Gran Bretaa N 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaso, Chile.
.9Depart. of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias
avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece..10Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Depart. of Microbiology. Hellenic
Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece..11 Farmacognosia, GQBMRNP-CRIDECIT,
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Km 4, 9000, Comodoro
Rivadavia, Chubut. Argentina..
Las algas generan un inters emergente en el rea biomdica debido a su contenido en sustancias bioactivas
con grandes posibilidades de empleo contra microorganismos, parsitos y tumores. Presentamos resultados
del estudio de actividades biolgicas del alginato de sodio y del fucosterol obtenidos de las frondas de
Lessonia vadosa Searles, alga parda localizada sublitoralmente en el Golfo San Jorge (Patagonia Argentina).
Para la obtencin de los productos se siguieron protocolos puestos a punto en el grupo de trabajo; en el
caso del fucosterol se utiliz fluido supercrtico seguido de purificacin mediante CPC.
Con el fin de evaluar la actividad biolgica, se realizaron ensayos preliminares y a partir de los resultados
alentadores obtenidos, se continu con la determinacin de citotoxicidad in vitro sobre lneas celulares.
El alginato de sodio demostr actividad antiproliferativa sobre la lnea celular de cncer de colon CaCo2 exhibiendo a 1 mg/ml, una inhibicin de la proliferacin celular del 55 % y mantenindose en 40 % a
125 g/ml. Los bloques G y M del alginato presentaron menor potencia antiproliferativa. Por otra parte,
en la lnea celular MCF-7 de cncer de mama, los bloques G y M produjeron un 40 % de inhibicin a las
concentraciones ms altas.
En cuanto al fucosterol, evidenci una actividad antiproliferativa importante a diluciones menores frente a
la lnea celular MCF-7 y a la lnea celular Caco-2 (75,2 % y 60 % de inhibicin, respectivamente).
Se estudi tambin la actividad antileishmania para ambos compuestos obtenindose resultados alentadores para el fucosterol con gran selectividad para el estado amastigote, CL50 1,72 g/ml.
Ambos productos demostraron potencialidad de aplicacin farmacolgica. El alginato es utilizado como
nutracutico por va oral, por lo que su efecto sobre la lnea tumoral de cncer de colon cobra inters para
evaluar su potencial quimiopreventivo.
Palabras clave: actividad antiproliferativa, alginato, fucosterol, Lessonia vadosa.
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PUESTA EN VALOR DE MACROALGAS DE INTERS INDUSTRIAL DEL GOLFO SAN JORGE, ARGENTINA: UNA
EXPERIENCIA FARMACOGNSTICA
Flores, Mara1., Uhrich, Anala2.,Escobar Daza, Miriam1.,Quezada, Diana1.,Becerra, Mnica3.,Osvaldo,
Crdoba3.,1Farmacognosia Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco.2Farmacologa II
Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco.3Qumica Biolgica II Universidad Nacional de la
Patagonia San Juan Bosco.
A travs de la historia, los productos naturales han sido importantes recursos para la obtencin de sustancias
medicinales. Las algas marinas constituyen una fuente de riqueza inmensurable aun escasamente explotada
en nuestro pas. En otros lugares del mundo se han generado productos de alto valor agregado de origen
algal, destacndose en el desarrollo de formulaciones farmacuticas, nutracuticos, textiles, cosmticos,
alimentos. Diferentes algas han mostrado actividades biolgicas que sustentan su potencialidad farmacutica
en la presencia de hidratos de carbono, fenoles, pptidos, pigmentos, cidos grasos y terpenos.Las costas del
Golfo San Jorge, Patagonia Argentina, ofrecen una gran diversidad algal, destacndose especies autctonas
de Lessonia, Scytosiphon, Ulva, y alctonas, Undaria pinnatifida. En este contexto, dado que el objetivo
principal de nuestro grupo de investigacin es alcanzar un conocimiento integral de especies marinas
de potencial aplicacin farmacutica y textil para su posterior uso racional, se presentarn experiencias
de trabajo con Ulva y Undaria pinnatifida, colectadas estacionalmente en la zona central del Golfo San
Jorge. Se discutirn los resultados alcanzados tras la aplicacin de diferentes metodologas extractivas,
caracterizacin qumica, bioensayos in vitro e in vivo y uso de enzimas.
A partir de los principales resultados obtenidos con Ulva, pudimos establecer una relacin entre la
presencia de fenoles, hidratos de carbono, protenas, cidos urnicos, sulfatos y pigmentos, con la
actividad antitumoral y con el efecto antinociceptivo y antiinflamatorio evidenciado. Estos resultados se
relacionan con lo descripto en la medicina tradicional oriental para Ulva como antigotoso y analgsico,
as como tambin con los saberes de tehuelches y mapuches, quienes utilizaban especies de Ulva, la,
luga-luga, para inflamaciones internas, gota y escrfulas; se ha informado adems que algunas Ulvaceae
previenen el desarrollo de tumores. Undaria pinnatifida (Alariaceae), wakame, alga parda invasora de
las costas patagnicas, mostr una variabilidad estacional importante en alginatos, fenoles, pigmentos y
lpidos, destacndose la actividad antitumoral y antioxidante. Estos resultados guardan relacin con el uso
medicinal tradicional en Japn, China y Corea de donde es originaria.
En todos los casos se logr establecer la potencialidad de las algas, las que mostraron variaciones espaciotemporales. Teniendo en cuenta adems que nuestro lugar de trabajo se encuentra a tan slo 200 m del
mar, hemos planteado el desarrollo de productos a escala piloto a fin de alcanzar la puesta en valor real de
los recursos.
Palabras clave: Ulva, Undaria, fenoles, alginatos, bioactividad, industria farmacutica. Los proyectos son
subsidiados por FONCYT (PME 216, PICTO GSJ 36871); PNUDARG 02/18 BB-34; PI 10/C211 UNPSJB-CIPAMCO; PROMFYBB2 Farmacia; PI Chubut Res SCTeI 07/10, FP7 IRSES ChemBioFight.
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GLUCOSE AND GALACTOSE GENERATION BY ACID HYDROLYSIS OF RED SEAWEED SOLIERIA FILIFORMIS
Castro, George Meredite1., Abreu, Ticiana1.,Peixoto, Carol1.,Silva-Neto, Antnio1.,Benevides, Norma
Maria1.,Holanda, Mrjory1.,1Departamento de Bioqumica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do
Cear.
The seaweeds has been studied as carbohydrates renewable source for industrial production of fuels and
chemicals by fermentation. Glucose and galactose, abundant in the composition of red seaweeds, might
be used to achieve this goal. Therefore, this work aimed generate high content of carbohydrates by Solieria
filiformis seaweed hydrolysis. The seaweed was dried at 25 C, milled, standardized between 20 to 80 mesh
and added in H2SO4 solutions, 1:10 (w/v), at acid concentrations of 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 M, and submitted to
the temperature of 121 C during 10, 20 or 30 minutes. The hydrolysis efficiency was calculated in reason
between hydrolysis products and total carbohydrates in dried seaweed (65.81%). The glucose, galactose,
cellobiose, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) determination in hydrolysates were done in
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Galactose was the predominant monosaccharide in all
hydrolysates, ranging from 6.43 to 11.39 g.L-1 to hydrolysis conditions of 0.5M/10min and 0.5M/20min,
respectively. Glucose was detected in all conditions, in concentrations of 2.23 to 4.10 g/L to 0.5M/10min
and 0.5M/20min, respectively. Cellobiose was present in hydrolysates, but in fewer concentrations (0.12
to 1.91 g/L) when compared with the monosaccharides. The hydrolysis conditions that generated higher
monosaccharides levels were 0.5M/20min, 0.2M/30min and 0.5M/30min, in ascending order. However,
the concentrations of 5-HMF were 1.68, 2.17 and 1.09 g/L for these conditions, respectively and it was not
detected the presence of furfural. The best hydrolysis efficiency was 49.50% for the condition of 0.5M/20min
and the worse efficiency was 32.12% for the condition of 0.5 M/ 10 min, since the average efficiency was
42.95 4.9%. In conclusion, the red seaweed S. filiformis can generate glucose and galactose in mild acid
hydrolysis conditions, which can be used in industrial fermentations, however more studies should be done
to optimize this process.
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AISLAMIENTO DE CEPAS DE MICROALGAS NATIVAS DEL SUR DE SONORA PARA SU USO POTENCIAL EN EL
TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES Y PRODUCCION DE LIPIDOS.
Herrera, K1., Navarro Aguirre, Mara1., Ulloa Mercado, Ruth1., Gortares Moroyoqui, Pablo1., Rentera
Mexa, Ana1., Rentera Mexa, Ana1., Meza Escalante, Edna2., Serrano Palacios, Denisse2., 1Dpto.
Biotecnologa y Ciencias Alimentarias, Direccin de recursos naturales, Instituto Tecnolgico de Sonora.
2
Dpto. Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Direccin de recursos naturales, Instituto Tecnolgico de
Sonora.
Actualmente se ha incrementado el uso de microalgas en el tratamiento de aguas, gracias a la capacidad
que poseen, de remover N, P, metales e inactivar ciertas bacterias patgenas. Adems de producir biomasa
algal, la cual es una fuente de metabolitos de alto valor agregado (lpidos, cidos grasos, pigmentos, etc).El
objetivo de este trabajo es obtener cepas de microalgas nativas del Sur de Sonora, a partir de agua residual,
para su utilizacin en el tratamiento de aguas y produccin de lipdos. Para lograrlo se tomaron muestras
de agua de dos puntos de la regin. El aislamiento de las cepas se llev a cabo por combinacin de dos
mtodos: 1) diluciones seriadas y 2) aislamiento en placas en medio de cultivo Bold Basal con 1.5% de agar.
Los cultivos se incubaron a 242 C con fotoperiodos de luz:obscuridad de 12 h y se resembraron hasta
lograr cultivos puros. Una vez obtenidas las cepas de microlgas puras, se identificaron por sus caracteristicas
morfolgicas mediante comparacin con bases de datos, identificandose cepas del gnero Chlorella,
Spirulina y una diatomea. Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo las cinticas de crecimiento de cada una de
las cepas, en tubos de cultivo, con un flujo de aire de 8 vvm enriquecido con CO2 a 0.5 vvm yfotoperiodos
de luz:obscuridad de 12 h. Se tomaron muestras de biomasa en la fase logaritmica y estacionaria y se
determin el contenido de lipdos y de cidos grasos, siendo mayor en la fase estacionaria ( 1.080.1 g/L
y de 0.320.04 g/L, respectivamente). Por lo anterior, se concluye que las cepas nativas aisladas estn
adapatadas a las condiciones ambientales de la regin, siendo factible su uso en el tratamiento de aguas
residuales y obtencin de metabolitos de inters.
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ARE WE UNDERESTIMATING THE DIVERSITY OF CORALLINE ALGAE? INSIGHTS FROM DNA BARCODING ON
THE COAST OF BRAZIL.
Oliveira, Mariana1., Torrano-Silva, Beatriz1.,Vieira-Pinto, Talita1.,Sissini, Marina2.,Riosmena-Rodrguez ,
Rafael3.,Horta, Paulo3.,1Botany, Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo.2Botany Federal University of Santa
Catarina.3Marine Biology Universidad Autnoma de Baja California Sur.
Coralline algae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) are primarily characterized by the impregnation of calcium
carbonate (calcite) in their cell walls and provide important ecosystem services. These organisms are
widespread from tropical to polar regions and can form what is know as rhodolith beds which are hotspots
for marine biodiversity.These algae are particularly affected by global climate change and other related
processes, such as ocean acidification. Despite the global importance of coralline algae, we still have a
limited knowledge of their diversity, resilience and potential for economic development. Their taxonomy is
notoriously difficult due to the heavily calcified cell walls, the lack of understanding of the taxonomic value
of morphological characteristics, the presence of phenotypic plasticity and convergence, which leads to the
existence of cryptic or pseudo-cryptic species. Furthermore, the lack of reproductive structures could prevent
identification of the species. Molecular tools, including DNA barcodes, are leading to a dramatic advance in
the understanding of biodiversity, both accelerating species identification, as well as the discovery of new
species to science. To better understand the diversity of coralline algae on the coast of Brazil, DNA barcodes
are used to screen a large number of samples collected extensively on the coast of Brazil and, in some cases,
from abroad, to better understand the species diversity, distribution and their biogeographic affinities.
This initial screening is followed by morphological analysis and selection of representatives (covering their
extremes of geographical distribution) for more detailed studies of phylogeny. The results obtained so far
indicate that the species diversity of coralline algae on the coast of Brazil is indeed underestimated and new
species are being described. The correct identification, knowledge of the diversity of this group of algae and
its distribution are fundamental for sustainable use strategies and biodiversity conservation.
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PHYCOREMEDIATION OF GEL DYEING EFFLUENT FROM PASUPATI ACRYLON, INDIA, TO REDUCE COD AND
TO REMOVE COLOUR AND DETOXITY THE EFFLUENT FOR SAFE DISPOSAL.
Sivasubramanian, Velusamygounder1., Mohanty, Sumeet1.,Mayur, Joshi2.,1Algal technology
Phycospectrum Environmental Research Centre .2Algal technology , ciencias , Phycospectrum
Environmental Research Centre .
Pasupati Acrylon, India, manufactures acrylic fibres and dyeing is done by online method using Gel dyes
which makes the effluent very toxic and difficult to handle by employing conventional treatment methods.
The present paper reports the successful implementation of phycoremediation technology (algae based
treatment system) which has resulted in effluent which is safe for disposal. A double stage reactor design
was developed and Activated Carbon dosing was done after the second reactor followed by sand filter in
the secondary treatment system. Colour removal reduced by algae activated carbon usage by 50% from 7 8 g/L to 3-4 g/L which benefited the company saving 112,500 USD/year@ 240 m3/day for 300 days. Residual
color was removed from effluent through a specially charged activated carbon. COD in 2nd reactor outlet
after continuous addition of 200 L/day or 8 L/h for 10 days was 280 ppm. Treated effluent was non-toxic for
disposal. This was proved by standard toxicological assays. pH of the outlet was maintained at 8 0.5 which
removes usage of lime addition and further sludge disposal. The process is under scale up. Keywords:
Phycoremediation, gel dyes, colour removal, COD, toxicity
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PRODUCTIVITY ESTIMATED AS IN VIVO CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORESCENCE AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OFCHLORELLA FUSCA (CHLOROPHYTA) GROWN IN OUTDOOR THIN-LAYER CASCADES.
Jerez, Celia1., Figueroa, Flix1.,Malapascua, Jos2.,Masojdek, Jir2.,1Ecology, Sciences, Mlaga
(Spain).2Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology Institute for Microbiology, Academic of Science, Czech
Republic. (Sponsored by Sponsored By Research Group FYBOA RNM 295)
The photosynthetic performance by using in vivo chlorophyll a florescence, biomass composition and productivity of three cultures of Chlorella fusca (Chlorophyta) grown in thin-layer cascades (TLCs) in different
locations and time of the year were evaluated. Biomass productivity was higher in 120 m-1 S/V TLC (3.65
g L-1 d-1) compared to 27 m-1 S/V TLC (0.08-0.15 g L-1 d-1). Online monitoring of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence provided data with high temporal resolution. The simultaneous measurement of PAR irradiance and
the effective quantum yield together with the determination of the absorption coefficient allowed for the
determination of daily electron transport rate (ETR), what led to the estimation of the biomass productivity
by using the following conversion factors: mol photons per oxygen produced and relation between carbon
assimilated and oxygen produced. The relation between estimated productivity and measured productivity
estimated as g l-1 d-1 was 0.90 (R2=0.94).
Final biochemical composition was similar in summer regardless of the S/V of the TLC i.e 30-37% DW lipids,
30-34 % DW proteins and 16-19% DW carbohydrates. Lower accumulation was found in autumn cultures,
~23, 28% and 13% DW for lipid, protein and carbohydrate content, respectively. The S/V ratio of the system
was a key factor to obtain high biomass and storage products productivities. This strain was able to grow
outdoors in TLC, exhibiting very high productivity and accumulating high lipid and protein content. For the
first time, it is shown a good estimation of biomass productivity by using daily integrated values ETR.
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LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF MICROALGAE ACROSS THE WORLD IN 2015 WILL BE PRESENTED
VtorVerdelhoVieira, President of EABA,Member of the Board of A4F - Algae for Future, SA, President of
Necton, SA. Portugal
The current status about technologies and the main species for both phototropic / mixotrophic and
heterotrophic will be described. This presentation will show the European view with the contribution of the
European Algae Biomass Association - but will include a worldwide presentation that shows the dynamics
of the sector and will also highlight the current trends and opportunities
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BIOFUELS PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE BIOMASS: THE WAY TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED PRODUCTION
PROCESS CARRIED OUT FOR THE CHILEAN TECHNOLOGICAL CONSORTIUM DESERT BIOENERGY S.A.
Azcar, Laura1,2., Daz, Hernn1,2.,Beltrn, Carolina1,3.,Seplveda, Claudia2.,Bazaes, Jazmin2.,Marticorena,
Paola3.,Pizarro, Victor3.,Barahona, Claudio3.,Benavides, Rodrigo3.,1Scientific and Technological Bioresource
Nucleus Universidad De La Frontera .2Technological Consortium Desert Bioenergy S.A. .3 Technological
Consortium Desert Bioenergy S.A.. (Sponsored by Desert Bioenergy Consortium (Innova-CORFO Project
09CTEI-6860))
Desert Bioenergy S.A. or DBSA is a Technological Consortium created on 2010 through the collaboration
of the Chilean Government, Antofagasta University, La Frontera University, E-CL, Empresas Gorbea S.A. and
Algas Prodalmar Ltda. With this strategic model Enterprise-University, DBSA has established as its main aim
the research and technical development R&D, related to microalgae production to produce biofuels and
high value products. Thus, DBSA has developed an integrate process of biorefinery through the research of
microalgae cultures optimization yield, searching new strains, use of flue gases to feed microalgae cultures,
and biodiesel, biogas and high value products production. In 2013 DBSA started the scaling processes with
the start-up of a pilot plant to microalgae production in the coast of Atacama Desert (Tocopilla, Chile).
The plant has a total capacity of 40 m3 that include both raceways and photobioreactor systems, and a
biomass concentration system by using centrifugation and coagulants. A system to use flue gases produced
from thermoelectricity plant was implemented in a second stage to feed with CO2 the microalgae cultures.
The operation have showed a good performance by using filters to clean flue gases and using coal as raw
material in thermoelectric plant. In a third stage, DBSA carried out the start-up of a pilot plant to biodiesel
and biogas production. Crude biodiesel and a remaining microalgae biomass are produced by wet direct
transesterification by using directly the microalgae biomass after harvesting. After that, anaerobic digestion
to produce biogas is carried out by using the remaining biomass. The long way that DBSA has carried
out has allowed getting an integrated process of biorefinery to produce biofuels from microalgae in the
implemented pilot plant. These is thank to the effort realized for the research group, administrative people
and the working together between universities and enterprises that take part of DBSA.
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POSTERS I
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EFFECT OF THE LECTIN FROM THE RED MARINE ALGA SOLIERIA FILIFORMIS (KTZING) P.W. GABRIELSON
ON DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR IN MICE AFTER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS) ADMINISTRATION
Abreu, Ticiana M1., Corpe, Fernanda1.,Monteiro, Valdcio1.,Rivanor , Reanata1.,Teles, Felipe1.,De Castro,
George1.,Vasconcelos, Silvnia2.,Jnior, Jos Eduardo2.,Benevides, Norma1.,1Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology Department Universidade Federal do Cear.2Physiology and Pharmacology Department
Universidade Federal do Cear. (Sponsored by Financial Agencies: UFC, CNPq, CAPES And FUNCAP.)
The marine algae are sources of many bioactive compounds. Among these, there are the lectins, which
are proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates. These protein-carbohydrate interactions make of lectins
valuable tools of great interest for pharmacological applications. In the literature, there are reports of
these molecules with mitogenic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Although these studies,
there are still several aspects to be explored in relation to pharmacological potential of these lectins in
the neurobehavioral disorders, such as depression. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant
action of the lectin from the red marine alga Solieria filiformis (SfL) on lipopolysaccharide-induced
depressive-like behavior. SfL was purified by extraction with Tris-HCl buffer 25 mM (pH 7.5), precipitation
with ammonium sulfate and chromatographies in DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 columns. To evaluate
the antidepressant effect, the tests of open field, of forced swimming (FST) and of sucrose preference were
carried out. To this end, male Swiss mice (25-30 g;n = 10) were pre-treated with SfL (9 mg/kg;iv.), 30 min
before of the application of LPS (0.5 mg/kg;ip.). Behavioral determinations were performed 24 h after
LPS administration, a period in which the occurrence of depressive-like behavior is observed. Bupropion
(BUP;30 mg/kg;ip.) and sterile saline (ip.) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The use
of animals in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Research of the UFC (n 45/13).
Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by StudentNewmanKeuls post hoc test. p-values<0.05 were
considered statistically significant.Similarly to BUP, SfL prevented LPS-induced alterations in both tests, in
other words, reduced the immobility time in the FST and increased sucrose consumption, without altering
the locomotor activity of the animals. Therefore, these results showed that SfL effectively ameliorate LPSinduced depressive-like behavior, indicating a potential use of this lectin in the depression control.
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LOW-ENERGY HARVESTING AND DRYING METHODS FOR Spirulina maxima: EFFECT ON PHYCOCYANIN
CONTENT.
Batista, Ana Paula1,2., Monteiro, Ana Carina1,2.,Loureiro, David2.,Gouveia, Lusa2.,Sousa, Isabel1.,1LEAF Linking Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa,
Portugal.2Unidade de Bioenergia LNEG - Laboratrio Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Portugal. (Sponsored
by Ana Paula Batista Acknowledges Fundao Para A Cincia E A Tecnologia (FCT) For Post-Doc Grant
SFRH/BPD/84812/2012)
Microalgae downstream processing can have a significant impact on the quality of target biomolecules.
Moreover, harvesting and drying represent around one third of the total energy for microalgae production.
Spirulina is a good protein source, with balanced aminoacid profile, as well as of highly valuable
phycobilliprotein pigments (phycocyanin). In the present work, Spirulina cultures were submitted to
alternative low-energy harvesting and drying methods, and the resulting impact on phycocyanin content
was assessed. Electrocoagulation is a promising harvesting method requiring low energy input and no
direct addition of chemicals. In this technique, an electrical current is applied to the culture, resulting in
the formation of flocks which are subsequently removed after sedimentation and/or flotation. Different
electrocoagulation conditions were tested, namely electrode area (32-64cm2), current density (3-30mA/
cm2), treatment time (5-10min), sedimentation time (15-60min) and pH (4.5-6.5). Best results were
attained through pH manipulation, with removal efficiency (RE) above 90% for pH<6, although phycocyanin
yield (PY) decreased for lower pH values (for pH 6: RE=88%, PY=96%). When compared to traditional
harvesting methods, electrocoagulation has resulted in a significantly lower energy consumption: 0.1Wh/L
rather than 107Wh/L for centrifugation (10000rpm/20min/4C, RE<70%) and 50Wh/L for filtration
(1-3mm/85cm/2bar). Biomass was dried for 4h indirect ventilated solar dryer, in a clear autumn day with
Tamb=19-24C (Tinterior=33-47C), average solar radiation of 317W/m2, yielding 97.4% water removal (WR) and
76%PY. Drying in an electrical oven at 60C/4h (99.6%WR) has led to significant phycocyanin degradation
with only 53%PY. Freeze-drying (-50C/vaccum) was the mildest method with 95%PY, although a much longer
time was needed (8h, 99.5%WR) and is associated to a higher investment and energy cost. Therefore, solar
drying can be regarded as a middle-ground alternative method involving low phycocyanin degradation and
reduced energy consumption: 0.08kWh vs. 0.44kWh and 2.94kWh for oven and freeze-dryer, respectively.
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EVOLUCIN DE LA INVESTIGACIN DE MICROALGAS EN CHILE: TRANSICIN DESDE LOS BIOCOMBUSTIBLES HACIA LOS PRODUCTOS DE ALTO VALOR AGREDADO
Ciudad, G1., Jara, Paulina2.,Daz, Hernan2.,Azcar, Laura2.,1Ing. Qumica, Ingeniera y ciencias, Universidad
De La Frontera.2Center of waste management and bioenergy Universidad De La Frontera. (Sponsored by
Agradecimientos: Proyecto Fondef IDeA CA13I10145 / CONICYT 2013 78110106 / FONDECYT 111110282 Y
3120171 Y Desert Bioenergy SA. (Proyecto Innova-CORFO 09CTEI-6860).)
A partir del ao 2010, el Centro de manejo de residuos y bioenerga del BIOREN de la Universidad de La
Frontera, ha realizado diversas investigaciones relacionadas con el uso de microalgas, tanto como una materia
prima para la generacin de biocombustibles, como para la generacin productos de alto valor agregado.
Lo cual se debi principalmente a que el estado de Chile, a travs de CORFO, financi la formacin de 3
consorcios tecnolgicos (US $19 millones aproximadamente) para desarrollar la tecnologa de produccin
de biodiesel de segunda generacin a partir de microalgas. Dentro de los principales resultados de esta
etapa, fue el desarrollo de procesos para utilizar la biomasa con altos contenidos de agua (sobre 80%).
Sin embargo, dada a la complejidad de la materia prima y la difcil separacin del producto final, sumado
al uso de grandes cantidades de solventes y la baja productividad, hacan inviable su escalamiento a la
industria. Estos resultados han potenciado una transicin desde la produccin de biocombustibles (monoproducto) hacia la generacin de productos cada vez ms complejos. Las microalgas se caracterizan por
contener cantidades importantes de protenas, carbohidratos, pigmentos y lpidos, por lo tanto, es una
materia prima interesante para produccin de biofertilizantes, biomateriales, resinas, entre otros. Una de
las alternativas interesantes es la pirlisis lo cual permite la generacin de 3 productos, cada uno con sus
diferentes aplicaciones, donde se ha mostrado que el bio-oil producido tiene una acidez menor que el
producido a partir de material lignocelulsico, requiriendo as menos etapas de purificacin. Esta transicin
hacia la generacin de procesos de biorefinera es un reflejo de la tendencia mundial, desmitificando lo que
se esperaba de las microlagas, y hace mirar con una mirada ms objetiva cuales son las reales expectativas
de la industria de la microalga en Chile y en el mundo.
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Las algas marinas se han utilizado como biofertilizantes desde hace varias dcadas en la agricultura,
estudios recientes se han centrado en la obtencin de polisacridos a partir de algas marinas para mejorar
el crecimiento de las plantas. En el presente estudio, se elaboraron extractos neutros y alcalinos de Ulva
lactuca y Padinagymnospora a partir de los cuales se extrajeron polisacridos. Se determin el efecto
bioestimulante de los polisacridos en el crecimiento de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) bajo condiciones
de cultivoin vitro. Asimismo se evalu la actividad tipo auxina de los polisacridos en la formacin de races
adventicias en frijol mungo (Vigna radiata). El medio de cultivo MS fue suplementado con polisacridos a 0.2,
0.4 y 1.0 mg.mL-1. Los resultados indican que los polisacridos deU. lactucayP. gymnosporaincrementaron
la germinacin de las semillas de 86 al 100%. Las plntulas de tomate crecidas en el medio de cultivo con
sacarosa y suplementado con polisacridos de P. gymnospora (neutros a 0.4 mg.mL-1) y (alcalinos a 0.2
mg.mL-1)registraron la mayor longitud del brote (9.28 y 10.46 cm). La longitud de la radcula tambin se
increment con los polisacridos de U. lactuca (neutros a 0.2 mg.mL-1) y (alcalinos a 1.0 mg.mL-1) (7.12 y
8.17 cm). El peso seco de plntulas aument con los polisacridos de P. gymnospora (neutros 0.4 mg.L-1)
(0.116 g). Adems los polisacridos neutros a 0.1 mg.mL-1 deU. lactuca estimularon la formacin de races
adventicias en frijol mungo (22 races) respecto al control (7 races). De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos
podemos concluir que la actividad de los extractos de algas marinas como promotores del crecimiento
no es slo debido a los componentes de bajo peso molecular (fitohormonas) sino que tambin se puede
atribuir a componentes tales como polisacridos.
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VARIACIN DE LA COMPOSICIN QUMICA Y ACTIVIDAD BIOLGICA DEL ALGA CAF Sargassum horridum
(SETCHELL & N. L. GARDNER, 1924) DE LA BAHA DE LA PAZ, B.C.S., MXICO.
DI FILIPPO HERRERA, DANIA1., HERNNDEZ CARMONA, GUSTAVO1.,MUOZ OCHOA,
MAURICIO1.,1DESARROLLO DE TECNOLOGAS, Laboratorio de qumica de algas marinas. Av. Instituto
Politcnico Nacional s/n Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita A.P. 592. CP, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur,
Mxico, INSTITUTO POLITCNICO NACIONAL-CICIMAR. (Sponsored by Al Instituto Politcnico Nacional Y A
CONACYT)
Tema: Productos derivados y sus aplicaciones Presentacin Oral email autor: daniadifilippo07@gmail.com
Palabras clave: Sargassum Las variaciones morfolgicas asociadas a la edad del algaSargassum horridumy
a lascondiciones ambientales,producirn variaciones en la composicin qumica del algaSe encontraron
variaciones significativas (p<0.05) en el rendimiento de alginato, fucoidan y extracto etanlico. El mximo
rendimiento del alginato (8.6%) se obtuvo en agosto. La viscosidad de los alginatos fue baja durante todos
los meses, con el valor mximo en septiembre (73 m Pas). La mxima fuerza de gel se obtuvo en mayo
con 1,906 gcm-2 y en el resto de los casos super los 800 gcm-2. El mximo rendimiento de fucoidan se
obtuvo en mayo (6.8 %) y el de extracto etanlico en septiembre (5.9%). La mayor capacidad antioxidante
se obtuvo en julio (24.3%). Cuatro de los extractos etanlicos (22%) presentaron actividad antibacteriana
contra tres especies del gnero Vibrio y Staphylococcus aureus. La caracterizacin parcial del fucoidan
mostr que es un heterofucano, con actividad anticoagulante que super en ms de diez veces (>300 s) el
tiempo de coagulacin con respecto al control en el ensayo de tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada.
Esta actividad se duplic a una concentracin de 0.83 gmL-1. La talla promedio de S. horridum durante
el periodo de estudio vari de 6 a 136 cm. La concentracin de nutrientes (nitritos, nitratos y ortofosfatos)
present una correlacin negativa con la temperatura. La mayora de los componentes qumicos del alga se
incrementaron a medida que el alga aumentaba su talla y estuvieron correlacionados con los parmetros
ambientales. Se propone la explotacin sustentable de S. horridum al trmino de su periodo reproductivo
(mayo-junio), cosechando el alga con un mtodo que deje intacto el sujetador, para permitir la regeneracin
vegetativa a partir de esta estructura y favorecer la repoblacin la siguiente temporada.
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The agricultural industry in Chile represents one of the highest levels of national exportation, being the fruit
sector the one that generates the greatest assets. The fruit industry experiments significant annual losses
that vary from 4-5%. These losses are caused by the influence of phytopathogenic microorganisms such
as Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium, which damage fruits through oxidation effects.
Lessening methods, synthetic chemical washing and thermal methods are used for fighting this problem,
but most of them do not accomplish the total extermination of pathogens, damaging the fruit. In order to
generate antifungal activity capable of eliminating phytopathogens, different seaweed species present in
the region of Bio-Bio were used because of their bioactive compound contents that confer antimicrobial
capacity. Extractions of bioactive compounds were performed through organic solvents such as n-hexane,
ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol through batch type agitation. Raw extracts obtained from seaweeds
were evaluated in exposure to B. cinerea, A. alternate and Penicillium sp. by using the Kirby-Bauer method.
The results showed the seaweeds species Sarcothalia crispata and Ulva lactuca did not present antifungal
activity against the pathogens used. On the other side, Macrocystis pyrifera and Mazzaella laminarioides
successfully presented antifungal activity against A. alternata. However, the brown seaweed Dictyota
kunthii stood out due to its ability to inhibit the three fungi used, being this the species with the highest
antifungal activity. The data obtained from the extracts of D. kunthii with antifungal activity can be used
for the production of sleevit-type foam mesh for the protection offruits, reducing economic losses in the
exporting sector. The research is in the context of the project Innovachile 13IDL2-18275 - Development of
Biodegradable Antifungal Foam Mesh (Sleevits) for the Protection of Apple and Pear Exports.
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ESTUDIO DEL SECADO CONVECTIVO DEL ALGA PARDA Durvillaea antarctica PARA LA OBTENCIN DE UN
ALIMENTO FUNCIONAL.
Uribe, Elsa., Vsquez, Valeria1., Vega-Glvez, Antonio 1.,Puente-Diaz, Luis2.,1Ingeniera en Alimentos
Universidad De La Serena.2Ciencias de los Alimentos y Tecnologa Qumica Universidad De Chile.
Durvillaea antarctica es un alga marina parda de alto valor nutricional que aporta un bajo contenido calrico
y que se encuentra ampliamente distribuida desde la regin de Coquimbo al Cabo de Hornos (Chile). En
esta investigacin se realiza un estudio experimental de la cintica de un secado convectivo de la fronda
de esta alga, ms conocida como cochayuyo, con el objetivo de determinar las condiciones adecuadas de
secado y la obtencin de un alimento funcional con mayor vida til, donde la temperatura de secado tiene
una incidencia directa en la cintica de transferencia de masa. Se realiz el secado convectivo a 40, 50, 60,
70 y 80 C a una velocidad de aire de 1.5 0.2 m2/s. La composicin proximal del producto fresco arroj
un contenido de humedad de 84.9 1.4 %, protenas 10.22 0.47 % y lpidos 0.93 0.27 %. Se aplicaron
seis modelos: Midilli-Kucuk, Logartmico, Verma, Weibull, Dos trminos y Page modificado para describir
el proceso de secado convectivo. La difusin del agua fue determinada por la segunda Ley de Fick y el
coeficiente de difusividad efectivo vari de 0.74 2.37 10-9 m2/s, mostrando una dependencia con la
temperatura de secado. Con estos resultados es posible estimar las condiciones de secado adecuadas del
alga (tiempo y temperatura) y obtener un producto deshidratado como alimento funcional.
Palabras claves: Secado convectivo, cochayuyo, difusividad, alimento funcional
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EFFECT OF DIFERENT CONCENTRATION OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE GROWTH AND PIGMENT
ACCUMULATION OF Choricystis minor var. minor.
Venncio, Henrique1., Sztejnsznajd, Eduardo1.,Arantes, Rafael1.,Lopes, Rafael2.,Menezes, Rafael3.,Antoniosi
Filho, Nelson3.,Derner, Roberto2.,1Laboratrio de Cultivo de Algas, Engenharia de Aquicultura,
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.2Laboratrio de Cultivo de Algas Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina.3Laboratrio de Mtodos de Extrao e Separao Universidade Federal de Gois.
Production of biofuels from microalgae biomass needs adequate amounts of culture nutrients. These
nutrients ratios should be studied in order to obtain improved biomass productivity, thus, growth and
pigment concentration were analyzed in cultures of Choricystis minor var. minor in different N/P ratios.
Three treatments were employed with 4 replicas each: the BBM medium, 6NBBM (six times more the
nitrate concentration) and BBMP/6 (six times less the phosphorus concentration). Cultures were grown in
flasks containing 1.8 L of culture medium, with initial biomass of 0.1 g L-1, 23 C, irradiance of 150 mol m-2
s-1, aeration with atmospheric air enriched with 0.5% CO2 (v / v). It was analyzed biomass (g L-1), cell density
(cels ml-1 104), chlorophyll (mg g-1), carotenoids (mg g-1), nitrate (M N-NO3) and phosphate (M P-PO4).
Cultures were grown for 15 days and all treatments had an average biomass of 1.70 g L-1. Regarding the
chlorophyll, the 6NBBM treatment led to 11.5 mg g-1, a value 35% greater than that obtained in the other
treatments. In the BBM and BBMP/6 treatments, nitrate was fully consumed by the sixth day of culture,
while in the 6NBBM, it was assimilated about 70%, until the end of cultivation. Relative to the phosphate,
BBMP/6 was the only one of the treatments in which this element has been completely consumed, while
the BBM and 6NBBM treatments it was assimilated 45 and 20%, respectively. We conclude that the BBMP/6
showed positive results over the other treatments because it resulted in a similar increase in biomass, with
six times less phosphate in relation to the other two treatments, and the nutrients were consumed entirely.
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SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION FROM Ulva rigida AND Macrocystis pyrifera
FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION.
Ravanal, M. Cristina1., Molina, Javier1.,Leyton, Allison1.,Salazar, Oriana1.,Lienqueo,
M.Elena1.,1Departamento de Ingeniera Qumica y Biotecnologa, Facultad de Ciencias Fsicas y
Matemticas, Universidad De Chile. (Sponsored by Departamento De Investigation VID Of University Of
Chile, AKA-ERNC 0009 Project And Centre For Biotechnology And Bioengineering (CeBiB) FB-001.)
The depletion of petroleum reserves and the high level of pollution caused by fossil fuels have led to
enhancing renewable energy and fuel production from biomass. The idea of using macroalgae as a
feedstock arises to develop a sustainable biofuel and low environmental impact. In this work were used the
green algae Ulva rigida and brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera. These algae were pretreated, enzymatically
saccharified and subsequently generated monosaccharides for fermented to ethanol. Our results show that
Ulva rigida requires no pretreatment and it has 36.3% reducing sugars, corresponds to 28% glucose and
8% xylose. For fermentation of these sugars are required 2 types of yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae that
ferments hexose and Pichia stipitis that ferments pentose. Our results indicate that the best experimental
condition for fermentation produced 4.9 g/L ethanol at 72 hrs which covers 53% (percentage relative to
theoretical yield (wt-%) for glucose). Otherwise, Macrocystis pyrifera required pretreatment with H2SO4
or H2O for 1 hour at 120 C and then, the cellulose was hydrolyzed. Our results indicate that the best
experimental condition for simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) produced 1.6 g/L ethanol at
4 hrs which covers 76.5% of the theoretical yield. Additionally, M. pyrifera was pretreated with H2SO4 and
then, the alginate was hydrolyzed with alginate lyase and oligoalaginate lyase. The uronic acids liberated
were quantified using the Copper reagent under acidic conditions: 193.7 10.6mg uronic acids / g of
algae were obtained which covers 85.8 % of the theoretical yield. In terms of uronic acid fermentation with
Escherichia coli BAL1611 (that was kindly provided by BAL company), SSF process for pretreated M. pyrifera
residues 0.095 g ethanol/g uronic acid was obtained, which is 18.33 wt-% of the theoretical value of ethanol
produced from uronic acid based on alginate available in the raw material.
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INVENTARIO DE LA FLORA MARINA DEL PARQUE NACIONAL GUANAHACABIBE, PINAR DEL RIO, CUBA.
Alcal, A1., 1Biologia Instituto de Oceanologia.
Se presenta un inventario de especies de macroalgas y angiospermas marinas del Parque Nacional
Guanahacabibes. Se identificaron 379 taxones infragenricos: 177 Rhodophyta, 49 Ochrophyta, 147
Chlorophyta y seis Magnoliophyta. Se coloco una cuerda de 100 metros de largo en varias estaciones y
fueron identificadas in situ todas las macroalgas y angiospermas marinas que cayeron a lo largo de la cuerda.
El acumulado de especies represent el 78% de las conocidas para Cuba hasta 2005, lo que muestra la alta
diversidad de macroalgas que posee este Parque Nacional. Todas las angiospermas marinas conocidas en
nuestro pas fueron encontradas en esta rea.
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RECURSOS ALGOLGICOS Y FAUNA ACOMPAANTE DE COMUNIDADES COSTERAS EN CALETA COCHOLGEBAHIA CONCEPCIN, CHILE.
Alveal, Krisler1., Alveal, Alexis1.,1Departamento de Oceanografa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y
Oceanogrficas, Universidad de Concepcin.
La composicin taxonmica, de diversidad biolgica y la ecologa de las poblaciones deben ser el
conocimiento base para un futuro manejo, cultivo o uso biotecnolgico de los recursos marinos. Se ha
realizado en primavera un estudio de distribucin, considerando la composicin cualitativa y cuantitativa
de la comunidad de la costa rocosa de la localidad de Cocholge (3636S;7258), Baha Concepcin. Se
efectuaron muestreos a diferentes alturas sobre el cero de mareas en diferentes ambientes, metodologa
utilizada; esquema de zonacin de Alveal & Romo. Los resultados indican la existencia de siete comunidades
biticas mayores sobre la base de ocurrencia, distribucin y abundancia de componentes principales y
riqueza de especies acompaantes. Las comunidades ms destacadas y sus especies acompaantes
son: Ulva intestinalis: Gelidium pseudointricatum, Ulva lactuca, Mastocarpus latissimus, Mazzaella
laminarioides, Littorina araucana, Nassarius gayi, Tegula atra, Hyale sp. Jehlius cirratus: Pyropia columbina,
Littorina araucana, Siphonaria lessoni y Perumytilus purpuratus. Ulva lactuca: Hyale sp., Jehlius cirratus.
Mastocarpus latissimus: Ulva lactuca, Scytosiphonsp., Ceramium rubrum, Perumytilus pupuratus, Nucella
calcar, L. araucana, T. atra, Hyale sp. Perumytilus purpuratus: G. pseudointricatum, U. lactuca, S. lessoni y
Jehlius cirratus.Balanus flosculus: Pyropia columbina, Acanthocyclus gayi, Hyale sp., Dynamenella eatoni,
Corallina sp., Chondria chilensis. Lessonia spicata: Amphoroidea typa, Scurria scurra, Gelidium chilensis,
Dendrymenia skottsbergii, M. laminarioides, Corallina sp., Ahnfeltiopsis furcellata, J. cirratus, B. flosculus,
Hyale sp., Acanthocyclus gayi, D. eatoni, Amphoroidea typa, Petrolisthes tuberculatus, Petrolisthes
violaceus. Se concluye, fuerte variaciones en la composicin de estas comunidades al norte y al sur del
rea muestreada. Condiciones biticas y abiticas seran fuertemente influyentes en procesos de manejo
y cultivo de recursos costeros.
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A NEW METHODOLOGY SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGICAL WITH THE USE OF THE HYPERBOLIC SMOOTHING
CLUSTERING ALGORITHM IN TAXONOMY OF MACROALGAE.
Batista, Maria Gardnia1., Xavier, Adilson2.,Lima, Francisca3.,Santana, Andre4.,1BIOLOGIA/ FICOLOGIA
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO PIAU - UESPI.2COPPE/PESC UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO
-UFRJ.3BIOLOGIA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO PIAU - UESPI.4ENGENHARIA DE COMPUTAO
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PIAU - UFPI.
In taxonomy, information systems based on morphological characters are still the most acknowledgeable,
in spite of the constnt development and improvement of the numerous systems of classification based
on an ample range of morphological and nonmorphological information. Therefore, the most adequate
classification tool will depend on the characteristics the taxonomist has at hand, and on the best analytical
treatment for those characteristics. So, each case is a case and the user must always study his problem
carefully, because with the emergence of new grouping methods it became ever more important to
use judgment in order to choose a method that in fact solves the problem, or at least helps to meet the
users need for classification. This work proposes a new methodological approach for grouping data in
taxonomy. Macroalgae of the genus Caulerpawere selected as a study model on basis of their remarkable
morphological plasticity, and of the difficulty in identifying thoose algae using the traditional systematical
methods. The results obtained from the application of the hyperbolic smoothing algorithm demonstrate
the requisites of a group of users may not satisfy the requisites of another, since the appropriate grouping is
in the specialists perspective. Indeed, data grouping should involve the needs of the user or the application
of such data. This work major contribution was to present a new algorithm that may be used unequivocally
in several areas, especially in taxonomy. The new methodology herein proposed may be used isolatedly or
in association with other methodologies already proven, not only in phycology, but also in other areas of
biology.
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BIODIVERSITY AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOFILM FROM Seriola lalandi CULTURES AND
CHARACTERIZATION FOR AQUACULTURE APPLICATIONS
Mata, Mara Teresa1., Luza, Maria Francisca2., Castillo, Francisca3., Riquelme, Carlos3., 1Bioinnovation
Center, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of
Antofagasta, CHILE. 2Bioinnovation Center, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and
Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, CHILE. 3Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Bioinnovation
Center, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, CHILE.
Biofilms are naturally generated on the cages for crop of Seriola lalandi larvae systems in Mesocosmos
Marinos laboratory from University of Antofagasta. Due to the posible contribution to the viability of the
larvae their characterization is important. There are references reporting that incorporation of microalgae
and bacteria to these systems can help to control undesirable bacteria and microalgae and provide a source
of nutrients as well as enhance the incorporation of probiotics. In this work, we analyzed the biodiversity
and biochemical characteristics of the biofilm generated as well as their growth characteristics in the
laboratory in order to be used in a controlled manner in Aquaculture systems. Finally, tests were conducted
in controlled systems with larvae in 400L tanks where the artificially generated biofilm was incorporated
to study its effect on the larvae focusing in the ability to benefit the viability and the possibility to be
used as a vector to improve incorporation of probiotic bacteria previously studied. Biodiversity results
obtained by metagenomics showed that the biofilm is composed of a mix of diatoms and bacteria showing
a decrease in biodiversity in laboratory culture conditions and dominated by diatom specie Navicula
phyllepta andbacteria of the family Rhodobacteraceae. Biochemical analysis showed an enrichement in
carbohydrates, representing 35.68% of the total biomass components. Both factors could be acting as
symbiotic. In addition, preliminary analysis in tanks showed that biofilm was consumed by the larvae
without negative effects on growth and survival of larvae and a possible positive effect in combination
with probiotics was observed. More exhaustive research leading to analyze beneficial effects in the larvae
and if this system could be used as a vehicle for incorporating probiotic bacteria to improvements in their
permanence and incorporation by the larvae is finally proposed.
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TRADITIONAL TAXONOMY
SPHAEROPLEALES).
AND
RBCL
PHYLOGENY
OF
SELENASTRACEAE
(CHLOROPHYCEAE,
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FATTY ACID PROFILE AS CHEMOTAXONOMIC TOOL FOR MICROALGAE OF THE FAMILY SELENASTRACEAE
(CHLOROPHYCEAE).
Mori, Cilene1., Bagatini, Inessa1.,Silva, Thas1.,Parrish, Christopher2.,Henriques Vieira, Armando1.,1Botany
Department Federal University of So Carlos.2Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of
Newfoundland.
The family Selenastraceae is an important microalgal group and very complex to morphological taxonomy,
thus, chemotaxonomy may help in the identification of the species. The fatty acids have been efficiently used
to discriminate higher taxonomic levels, but few studies have tested if they can be useful to discriminate
closely related species. The profiles of fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed for 12 species from 6
genera of the freshwater microalgae family Selenastraceae (Chlorophyceae), and for Nephrocytium lunatum
(currently classified as family Oocystaceae, Trebouxiophyceae), which was used as outgroup. The main fatty
acids found to Selenastraceae family were: C14:0, C16:0, C16:43, C18:19, C18:26, C18:33, C18:44.
The proportions of the occurring FAMEs were used for discrimination between species. Permutational
Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) and cluster analysis (both using Bray-Curtis method)
confirmed that FAMEs profiles were effective in discriminating species and can be useful as an auxiliary
chemotaxonomic tool. SIMPER analysis (Similarity Percentages) showed that the percentage of some FAMEs
were significantly different between the Selenastraceae and Nephrocytium lunatum. Moreover, the cluster
analysis showed similarities when compared to phylogenetic studies using molecular markers, providing
evidences that FAMEs profiles may also be helpful in the phylogeny of green microalgae groups. Therefore,
the fatty acid profile was useful to discriminate closely related species within the Selenastraceae. Key-words:
Chlorophyceae, gas chromatography, FAME (fatty acid methyl ester), chemotaxonomy, Selenastraceae.
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VARIACIONES TEMPORALES DE LA COMUNIDAD ALGAL DEL RIO CHIRIAIMO DE SAN DIEGO CESARCOLOMBIA.
Rodriguez, Sandra1., Dangond, Madelaine1.,1Microbiologa, Ciencias de la salud, Universidad Popular del
Cesar.
La variabilidad natural, espacial y temporal en los ecosistemas acuticos hace que la evaluacin de la calidad
del agua y los impactos humanos sea ms difcil; as el rio Chiriaimo de San Diego Cesar fue objeto de
estudio para establecer la variacin temporal de la comunidad algal en relacin a los parmetros abiticos
del sector A ro arriba y del sector B rio abajo, de la planta de tratamiento de agua potable del municipio. El
estudio se realiz en los sectores A y B, las muestras fitoplanctnicas se recolectaron con frascos estriles en
seis sitios de muestreo entre los sectores A y B; y se realiz parmetros fsico-qumicos como alcalinidad-pH,
salinidad, conductividad, y temperatura entre los meses marzo, abril, mayo y junio del 2013. Se determinaron
25 especies de algas, como: 14 Bacillariophyceae, 4 Chlorophyceae, 4 Euglenophyceae, 2 Cyanophyceae y
1 Dinoflagellata. El grupo con mayor nmero de gneros fue Bacillariophyceae. El rio Chiriaimo presenta
aguas poco mineralizadas con valores de conductividad promedio de 40-51 S cm-1 en el sector A y entre
70-90 S cm-1 en el sector B, la temperatura oscilo de 27-31C; la alcalinidad entre 40-78 mgCaCO3/L, el pH
oscil de 7,0-8,0 y una salinidad de 0,00 en el sector A y B respectivamente. Al analizar la variacin temporal
de las microalgas, se establecio que si hay variedad en cuanto al espacio (ms diversidad en puntos de
contaminacin; pero con respecto a la poca (seca y lluviosa), no disminuye su reproduccin solo estimula
el crecimiento de otras especies.
Palabras clave: algas, abitico, variacin temporal.
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NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT IN GELIDIUM CHILENSE (GELIDIALES, RHODOPHYTA) FROM THE CHILEAN COAST.
Salvador Soler, Noemi1., Macaya, Erasmo C2.,Rull Lluch, Jordi 3.,Gmez Garreta, Amelia4.,1Centro
de Investigaciones Multidisciplinares de la Araucana (CIMA-UA), Education Faculty, Universidad
Autnoma De Chile.2Laboratorio de Estudios Algales (ALGALAB), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y
Oceanogrficas, Universidad de Concepcin.3Laboratori de Botnica, Facultat de Farmcia, Universitat
de Barcelona.4Laboratori de Botnica, Facultat de Farmcia, Universitat de Barcelona. (Sponsored by
Direccion De Investigacin Y Postgrado De La Universidad Autnoma De Chile)
During the last years it has been progress in novel additions of algal data to the Plant DNA C-values, however
the database still requires more information. Specifically, in the case of red algae (Rhodophyta), from ~6000
species described up to date, DNA C-values for only 196 species have been incorporated (~3%). This research
represents the first estimation of genome size for the Southeast Pacific endemic red alga Gelidium chilense
and provides nuclear features such as number per cell and size. Nuclear DNA content estimates were obtained
from measurements of 154 DAPI-stained nuclei. The cells of G. chilense showed DNA content values ranged
from 0.2-4.0 pg, exhibiting an intra-plant variation. In total, seven ploidy levels were established in this
taxon. The lowest level (1C) was observed only in cortical cells whereas tetrasporangia displayed the highest
levels (32C).The nuclear DNA contents obtained in tetrasporangia indicated that the genome size increases
during tetrasporogenesis by endopolyploidy (from 4C to 32C). In addition, the minimum value observed
in tetraspores corresponds to a 3C. Our results confirm the hypothesis that meiosis in some Gelidium
species couldnt occurs in all the sporangia. This study contributes to knowledge of nuclear features and
reproductive strategies related with the life history of the Gelidiales order.
Keywords: DNA content, endoreduplication, genome size, Gelidium, image analysis, life history, polyploidy,
Rhodophyta.
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Astaxantina es un pigmento vegetal terpenoide altamente valorado por sus propiedades antioxidantes y sus
efectos beneficiosos en la salud humana y en la pigmentacin animal. La fuente natural de este metabolito
es Haematococcus pluvialis, una microalga que tiene la excepcional habilidad para producir y acumular
cantidades significativas de astaxantina bajo condiciones estresantes de crecimiento. En busca de optimizar
la produccin de astaxantina natural, se gener cepas transgnicas integrando los genes nucleares de la
fitoeno desaturasa (gen pds) y la oxidasa plastidial terminal (gen ptox2) en el genoma del cloroplasto de la
microalga H. pluvialis. La transformacin cloroplastdica se realiz a travs de biobalstica y la integracin
de los genes se evalu mediante PCR con partidores especficos (TH127/TH118) que se ubican al final del
16S e inicio del ITS/23S en la zona de recombinacin homloga. El producto de PCR entrego un fragmento
de 3.7 Kb lo cual afirma la correcta integracin de los transgenes pds y ptox2 en el genoma del cloroplasto
de la microalga. El anlisis de astaxantina en los clones transformados se realiz por HPLC resultando que la
sobreexpresin de los genes blanco alcanz una acumulacin de astaxantina del 1% en el clon (psd-1) sobre
la cepa H. pluvialis tipo silvestre utilizada como control. Este es el primer reporte de la sobreproduccin de
astaxantina a travs de la ingeniera gentica del cloroplasto de H. pluvialis.
Palabras claves: Haematococcus pluvialis, fitoeno sintasa, oxidasa plastidial terminal, astaxantina,
transformacin cloroplastdica.
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FIRST NUCLEAR TRANSFORMATION OF THE MICROALGA T. SUECICA STRAIN CCMP 904 BY BIOLISTIC
PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT SYSTEM.
Astorga A., Henrquez V.Laboratorio de Gentica e Inmunologa Molecular. Instituto de Biologa, Facultad
de Ciencias. Pontificia Universidad Catlica de Valparaso. Valparaso-Chile.
T. suecica is a microalga cultured routinely in mollusc, crustacean and fish hatcheries all over the world
(Helm et al. 2008). In addition it has been successfully cultured in different types photobioreactors (Chini
Zittelli et al. 2006). Therefore it is considered a good candidate for biotechnological applications, such as
biofuels, PUFAS, enzyme production and bioremediation. The work here in describes the first successful
nuclear transformation in the species T. suecica strain CCMP 904. Nuclear transformation was achieved with
an expression vector constructed (5->3) with a cytomegalovirus promoter, sh ble gene was used as the
selectable marker and a poly A region from the Simian Virus 40 as terminator. The different fragments used
for construction of the vector were amplified by PCR from commercial vectors using Pfu polymerase DNA for
greater replication accuracy. Specific primers were designed with predefined restriction sites for the above
mentioned. The cloning and subcloning steps of the fragments was done by classical recombinant DNA
techniques. The successful delivery of the expression cassette was performed by particle bombardment
using gold particles embedded with DNA. After 15 days incubation at constant temperature and light
intensity, transformant colonies appeared. The present achievement is a contribution to the knowledge of
the species T. suecica strain CCMP 904 and can be used to improve both the mass production of high-value
molecules such as lipids and enzymes, as in other applications of microalgal green biotechnology.
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POSTERS III
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION FROM THREE DIFFERENT GENETIC POPULATIONS OF THE GIANT KELP
Macrocystis pyrifera.
Barrento, Sara1.,Camus, Carolina2.,Buschmann, Alejandro2., 1CIIMAR CIIMAR.2Centro i-mar & CeBiB
Universidad de Los lagos.
In the past 5 years the western world re-discovered seaweeds as a potential solution for 3 world problems:
fuel security, food security and sustainable aquaculture. Most projects focused on massive production at
sea. We discuss a different approach - small scale production of M. pyrifera in semi controlled systems of
different genetic populations to survey for valuable biomolecules for the feed and food industry. Three
genetically distinct populations of M. pyrifera were selected from fertile sporophytic individuals collected in
3 locations along the Chilean coast (Algarrobo, Pargua and Quellon). Spores were released in December 2014
and after 15 weeks cultivation under controlled conditions 26 sporophytes of 2-5 cm from each population
were placed in 1000-L outdoor tanks in Metri, Region X. Each population were cultivated under two nutrient
treatments: sand filtered seawater and wastewater from a turbot farm. After 4 weeks we surveyed the
seaweeds for growth and valuable chemical compounds: carbohydrates (alginate, mannitol and glucose);
pigment (fucoxanthin) and amino-acids. In four weeks, seaweeds grew from 2 cm up to a maximum of 38
cm; maximum specific growth rate was 32.4% for the Pargua individuals in the filtered seawater treatment.
Our results indicate that major differences were observed among some amino-acids and carbohydrates
whereas fucoxanthin did not change significantly with population or nutrient treatment (range 1.07 - 3.59
mg/g DW). Mannitol concentration changed significantly in the Pargua population, showing the highest
concentration in the filtered treatment of 1.6 % against only 0.2 % in the turbot. Aspartic acid, arginine and
alanine were the top three amino-acids, whereas proline, lysine and tyrosine had the lowest concentrations.
Several significant differences were observed between populations and nutrient treatment. These will be
discussed in light of human essential amino-acids needs but also from a feed perspective for salmon and
abalone.
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NEW PROCESS FOR REMOVAL THE OF HEAVY METALS FROM MINE WATERS USING MICROALGAE.
Gmez-Serrano, Cintia1.,Morales-Amaral, Maria Del Mar1.,Acin-Fernndez, F. Gabriel1., FernndezSevilla, Jos Mara1.,Molina-Grima, Emilio1.,1Chemical Engineering University of Almera. (Sponsored
by This Paper Is Issued From The Research Project MANAGER (Management Of Mine Water Discharges
To Mitigate Environmental Risks For Post-mining Period RFCR-CT-2013-00005). The Authors Thanks The
Research Fund For Coal And Steel (RFCS) Of The European Commissi)
In this paper a new process for the treatment of mine waters using microalgae is proposed. For this, the
mechanisms involved into the removal of heavy metals by microalgae are studied. The kinetic of heavy
metals removal was determined performing experiments in batch mode, supplying different amounts of
heavy metals at different times. Results demonstrate that mine waters can be used to produce microalgae by
adequately operating the system. Moreover, the elucidation of the kinetic of the process allows determining
that a two-step process operated in continuous mode is the most promising technology to be applied in
real scale mine waters treatment process. These results open the possibility to integrate the production of
microalgae with mine waters management, in a similar way that integration with wastewater treatment,
thus increasing the portfolio of capabilities of microalgae biotechnology.
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CARBON DIOXIDE BIOFIXATION AND LIPID ACCUMULATION BY THREE GREEN MICROALGAE SPECIESAT
DIFFERENT CO2 CONCENTRATIONS.
Leonardo, Joana1.,Batista, Ana Paula2,1., Manoel, Joo1.,Reis, Alberto1.,Marques, Paula1.,Gouveia,
Lusa1.,1Unidade de Bioenergia LNEG - Laboratrio Nacional de Energia e Geologia.2LEAF - Linking
Landscape, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa. (Sponsored
by Ana Paula Batista Acknowledges Fundao Para A Cincia E A Tecnologia (FCT) Post-Doc Grant SFRH/
BPD/84812/2012. Dr. Teresa Lopes Da Silva And Dr. Cristina Oliveira For Fatty Acid Analysis And Graa
Gomes For Technical Support. )
The increasing of CO2 in the atmosphere is considered one of the main causes of the global warming
effect. Since most microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms, they can contribute to the mitigation
of CO2 together with the production of valuable biomass useful for e.g. biodiesel production. In this study,
Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella protothecoides, were cultivated with bubbling air
(0.035% CO2) and air enriched with 5% and 10% v/v CO2. For S. obliquus 2.5%, 7.5% and 15% v/v CO2 were
also tested. Growth kinetic parameters, productivities, theoretical CO2 biofixation, lipid content and fatty
acid profile were evaluated. In general, adding CO2 resulted in improved growth rates, biomass and lipid
productivities. S. obliquus showed great tolerance to high CO2 levels (up to 15%) and presented higher
growth rate, productivities and lipid accumulation than the Chlorella strains, except for C. protothecoides at
10% CO2. In fact, the highest value of maximum dry weight was observed for C. protothecoides (10% CO2)
-5.79 gL-1- concomitant with the best result in maximum productivity: 1.05 gL-1d-1 and CO2 biofixation rate:
1.98 gL-1d-1.. S. obliquus attained the best maximum specific growth rate (max): 0.99 d-1 (7.5% CO2) and the
best average productivity: 0.36 gL-1d-1 (10% CO2). Regarding lipid content,S. obliquus showed the highest
results namely for the 2.5 and 15% CO2 enriched-air, with 26.4and 25.3% w/w, respectively. The main fatty
acid composition of the three examined microalgae were within C16C18 among the different tested CO2
levels.The present results suggested C. protothecoides as a good candidate to mitigate CO2, only S. obliquus
revealed a high lipid accumulation and an adequate profile composition for biodiesel production according
to EN14214.
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LA MICROALGA Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (cw15) MUTANTE DE PARED CELULAR, COMO UNA FUENTE
PARA LA PRODUCCIN DE BIOGS.
Seplveda, Cristian1., Podzimek, Tomas2.,Jeison, David3.,Rivas, Mariella4.,1Biotecnologa y ciencias
de los Alimentos, Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biolgicos, Universidad De Antofagasta.2Bioqumica
y Microbiologa, Alimentos y Tecnologa Bioqumica, ICT Praga.3Ingeniera Qumica, Scientific and
Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad De La Frontera.4Ciencias Acuticas y Ambientales,
Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biolgicos, Universidad De Antofagasta.
En diversos estudios de produccin de biogs utilizando como materia prima biomasa obtenida desde
microalgas se describe que la presencia de pared celular rgida y resistente es un impedimento fsico
que disminuye la produccin real de biogs a valores cercanos al 50-70% del rendimiento terico. Las
microalgas presentan gran potencial bioqumico para la produccin de biogs debido a su composicin rica
en lpidos, protenas, carbohidratos y otras molculas. Sin embargo, estos compuestos no se encuentran
biodisponibles para las bacterias metanognicas debido a la presencia de una pared celular. Generalmente,
la pared celular de las microalgas est compuesta principalmente de celulosa y otros polisacridos. En este
contexto, en este estudio se evalu la produccin de biomasa de la microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,
utilizando dos cepas: wild type (WT) y una mutante (cw15) que presenta una pared celular deficiente,
diferencindose principalmente en la cantidad de capas que constituyen esta estructura celular. Ambas
cepas fueron cultivadas en tres medios de cultivos (TAP, Sueokas y UMA2) determinando el medio ptimo,
tanto en matraces de 2L como en fotobiorreactores de 18L. El medio TAP fue el ms eficiente, obtenindose
un rendimiento de 0.35 g/L para el caso de C. reinhardtii cw15. Mediante digestin anaerobia se evalu
la produccin de biogs durante 40 das, determinndose el potencial bioqumico de metano (BMP),
observando para el caso de C. reinhardtii WT un BMP de 350 13 mL CH4/gVS con una biodegradabilidad
de un 68% y un aumento para el caso de la mutante deficiente de pared celular con un BMP de 416 4 mL
CH4/gVS con una biodegradabilidad de un 80%. Segn nuestros resultados el uso de una cepa mutante con
una pared celular deficiente o ausente, como sustrato para la digestin anaerobia es promisoria para la
produccin de biogs sin necesidad de utilizar pre-tratamientos que mejoren su biodegradabilidad.
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MICROALGAE BIOMASS PRODUCTION SCALE AIMING HIGHER CONTENT OF LIPIDS AND PIGMENTS IN THE
SPECIE Desmodesmus sp.
Figueiredo, Ncolas 1.,Villamizar , Sonia 1.,Pereira , Darlan1.,Sales, Emerson1.,Silva, Marcus V.2.,Perelo,
Louisa1.,1School Polytechnic, Enviromental Engineering, Federal University of Bahia.2 Department of Solid
State Physics Federal University of Bahia.
Lipids produced by microalgae are seen as an alternative to replace fossil fuels, however in order to reach
scale production, several problems still have to be solved. One of that problems is the influence of the
nutrients necessary for the production in large scale on the final cost. The objective of this study was to
observe the effect of the reuse of culture medium on the growth of the microalgae Desmodesmus sp. The
strain of Desmodesmus sp. used wasisolated from Torors dike in Salvador, Bahia. Cultivation ocurred in 5
liters photobioreactors with Bolds Basal Medium, at 24C, aerated and illuminated 24 hours a day with the
intensity of 24,3 mol/ms. Biomass was harvested by centrifugation at 4400 rpm for 5 minutes. Biomass
harvesting and broth reuse were realized in three different intervals: 5, 10 and 20 days. Reuse was realized
between 2-3 times, depending on culture performance. Inoculation of recycled broth was done with 10% of
the previous culture. Culture medium separated after each harvest was analyzed for phosphate and nitrate.
The cultures were monitored by cell counting in a Neubauer chamber and dry weight of biomass separated
after each step was determined. The results obtained with reuse intervals of 20 days showed decline in
biomass production of 14% and 78% after a first and second reuse, respectively. This decline seemed to be
due mainly to the reduction in nitrate concentration (80% and 88% of initial concentration), while phosphate
reduction was not detectable. Further analyses will show if the same pattern may be observed for the
intervals of 5 and 10 days. Separated biomass will also be analyzed for its lipid and carotenoid content in
order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen starvation on the production on bioactive compounds.
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HEAVY METAL REMOVAL ASSESSMENT WITH GREEN ALGAE Chlorella vulgaris AND Ulva lactuca.
Honorato, Patricia1., Agurto, Andres1.,Faras, Jorge1.,Agurto, Cristian1.,1Grupo Interdisciplinario de
Biotecnologa Marina, Centro de Biotecnologa, Universidad De Concepcin. (Sponsored by Key Words:
Metal Removal, Arsenic, Copper, Ulva Lactuca, Chlorella Vulgaris.)
The use of fresh water for human consumption and production processes is key for our economic
development. Our country uses superficial water and groundwater sources, which must undergo purification
processes before and after their use. Currently, physicochemical processes used for pollutant reduction
like heavy metals are expensive, low-efficient in small concentration and technologically outdated. In this
context, seaweeds are capable of removing heavy metals, being suitable candidates for the treatment of
effluents. The main objective of this research was to assess the removal capacity of arsenic and copper by
Chlorophytas; Chlorella vulgaris and Ulva lactuca. The growth rate of C. vulgaris was determined in different
metal concentrations in order to assess toxicity levels of arsenic (As-5) and copper (Cu+2). The results showed
that the growth rate of C. vulgaris increases in the presence of arsenic while it decreases in the presence
of copper. The removal rate of C. vulgaris was assessed with fresh and dry biomass in batch mode. U.
lactuca and C. vulgaris biomass was immobilized for the same type of assessment. Metal determination
was performed through ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) analysis, showing that
copper removal rate was higher with the use of living microalgae showing 751,92%, in comparison to the
use of dry microalgae, which showed 69,23,09% of effectiveness. The comparison performed between the
two encapsulated biomass showed a high removal rate of copper and arsenic with the use of C. vulgaris
970,26% (Anova, p<0,001) and U. lactuca 16,60,0% respectively. The treatment processes for metal
removal used in this research showed consistent performance for their use at greater scale for lowering
arsenic and copper concentrations in water streams. This research is funded by the project Innova-Chile
13IDL2-23425.
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BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF Spirulina sp WASTEWATER FROM THE DAIRY INDUSTRY FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL
APPLICATION
Zapata, Daniela1., Botero, Liliana1.,Muoz, Diana1.,1Grupo de investigacin en Biodiversidad, Biotecnologa
y Bioingeniera, Ingeniera, Universidad de Medelln. (Sponsored by Universidad De Medelln)
Spirulina sp can growth in autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic way, for these reason simple or
complex media can be suitable for its culture. These characteristics make wastewater an alternative
to promote Spirulina sp production and minimize culture cost. This study evaluated the potential of
wastewater resulting from the dairy industry for Spirulina sp growth. Spirulina sp was cultured among
8 days using dairy wastewater diluted in SAG medium at different concentration (0,25,50,100)% and
pH values (4,7,10), this values were stabilized by adding NaOH and HCl(0,1M). Biomass, pigments and
proteins were measured in Spirulina sp biomass produced after 4 days of culture in stationary phase. The
results evidenced the potential of wastewater of dairy industry for Spirulina sp growing. Data indicated
an increased production of biomass (1.5 g/L) at concentrations of 100% of wastewater at pH 7 and 10, an
increased production of pigments (8 mg /L) when it was cultured using 25% and 50% of dairy wastewater
at pH10. Finally, protein production was statistically different in all treatments reaching a maximum value
(387 mg/L) at 50% of wastewater and pH 10.
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EFFECTS OF N:P RATIO ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND PROTEIN LEVELS OF HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS
IN ALTERNATIVE MEDIUM
Scardoeli-Truzzi, Bruno1., Sipaba-Tavares, Lcia Helena1.,1Centro de Aquicultura - Caunesp Universidade
Estatual Paulista - Unesp. (Sponsored by Foundation CAPES)
Microalgae have been studied for various applications, such as protein sources for animal nutrition and health
foods, lipids for fuel production and pigments for aquaculture and others. The microalga Haematococcus
pluvialis is one of the most biotechnologically important microalga species and is one of the best sources
of the carotenoid astaxanthin. However, H. pluvialis shows low growth rates and low cell densities when
cultured in traditional media. Protein is an important cell component and the level contents are directly
influenced by nutrient amounts, mainly nitrogen. Consequently, the use of inorganic fertilizer may be a
source required to support higher cell productivity at low costs. Four concentrations of NPK (20-5-20;
12-6-12; 10-10-10; 4-14-8) were tested for H. pluvialis growth, with WC medium as control. Growth was
monitored daily in triplicate, over a period of 28-days. Results from inorganic fertilization media were similar
to or higher than WC medium, with the exception of the NPK concentration (4-14-8). Maximum density in
NPK medium (10-10-10) was 45% higher than in WC medium, respectively, 4.59 x 105 cell.mL-1 and 3.18
x 105 cell.mL-1. Densities in media NPK (20-5-20), NPK (12-6-12) and NPK (4-14-8) were respectively 3.35;
3.1 and 1.72 x 105 cell.mL-1. A significant reduction in protein levels occurred when nitrogen concentration
decreased, even though protein levels increased in media where P > N. Mean protein levels were 36% for
WC medium, 46% for NPK (20-5-20), 25% for NPK (12-6-12), 31% for NPK (10-10-10) and 41% for NPK (414-8) media. Results demonstrated that N is a restricting nutrient in the growth and synthesis of protein,
although a better algal performance occurred when N:P ratio was in equilibrium.
Keywords: Inorganic fertilizer; costs reduction; restricting nutrients.
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A
A.bilmes Sara 59
Abdala Roberto 16, 96
Abdala Daz Roberto 66, 183
Abdala-daz Roberto 143
Abreu Paulo Cesar 89, 185
Abreu Ticiana 35
Abreu Ticiana M 82
Acin-Fernndez F. Gabriel 54,61, 194, 195
Aguilar Samanamud Carla Patricia 25,48
Aguilera Lorgio 22
Agurto Andres 56, 88, 123, 124, 174, 211
Agurto Cristian 56, 88, 123, 124, 174, 211
Agurto Cristian Alberto 32
Aiello Mazzarri Cateryna 107
Alcal A 132
Alcapn Anglica 133, 156
Alemany Luis J 183
Almanza Viviana 134
Alvarez Carmen 22
Alvarez Romina 108
Alveal ALEXIS 135
Alveal KRISLER 135
Alves Francisco 60
Amorim Ana Maria 109
Angulo Carlos 21
Antoniosi Filho Nelson 126
Arantes Rafael 126
Araya Blanca 19
Arevalo Andres 43
Arias Eloisa 116
Arjonilla De Mattos Luiz 184
Aroca Gesica 44
Arredondo Bertha 107
Arredondo-vega Bertha Olivia 37, 84
Astorga A 177
Astudillo C 79
Atehorta Lucia 40
Avila Marcela 44, 133, 156, 160, 178
Azcar L 78
Azcar Laura 78, 91, 92
Campa Angel 21
Camus Carolina 62, 186
Crdenas Orrego Ana 69, 138, 157
Carneiro Marcella 190
Carrasco Iris 134
Carrasco Jose Antonio 32
Carrasquilla Arys 192
Carren Palau Laura 37
Carstens Mara 220
Castillo Francisca 139, 140, 187
Castillo Rosario 88
Castro George Meredite 35
Castro Pablo 68
Castro Gmez Juan Carlos 48
Catalina Fernando 83
Cazares Salazar Araceli 37
Cella Herculano 90
Cerezal P 26
Cadoret Jean-Paul 38
Chairez Isaac 65
Chairez-oria Jorge 113
Chamorro Ester 198
Chamy Rolando 76
Chanda Nancy 22, 166
Chateau Jean-Franois 59
Chavarra-hernndez Juan 106
Chaves Camille 213
Childs Katharine 165
Chouteau Cline 59
Chovelon Jean-Marc 59
Chow Fungyi 34, 103, 109, 122
Chow Ho Fanly 98
Cisternas Gustavo 105
Ciudad G 91, 92
Claudia Sepulveda 67
Cobos Ruiz Marianela 48
Colao Ana Cristina 205
Collao Javiera 141
Conceio Mariana 214
Conde-rivera Laura Rosa 200
Contreras Loretto 94, 99
Crdoba Osvaldo 29
Crdova Csar 120
Coronel Daniel 188
Corpe Fernanda 82
Corrales Teresa 83
Croce Mara 145
Cruz Bruno 185
Cuello Maria 198
Gajardo N 99
Galarza Janeth 175
Galvis Kevin Nicols 111
Gangotena A 209
Garces Marcelo 172, 173
Garca Carolina 16, 97, 219
Garca P 210
Garcia Thas 147
Garcia-lopez Elena 15
Gauna Mara 145, 146
Giacomozzi Benner 134
Godoy Karen 22
Gomes Aranda Donato 118
Gomez Cintia 54
Gmez Mara 50, 101
Macaya Erasmo 42
Macaya Erasmo C 164
Macei Tain 213
Magn-caadas Juan Jos 61
Malagon Ana 52
Malapascua Jos 64
Maldonado Cindy 188, 199
Manoel Joo 196
Mansilla A 160, 162, 167
Mansilla Andrs 128, 142, 149, 160, 162, 178
Maquera Conde Lizbeth 207
Marambio J 149, 160, 167
Marambio Johanna 142, 149
Maria Lucas 89
Marinho-soriano Eliane 190
Marques Isabel Paula 36, 197
Marques Maria Risoleta 90
Marques Paula 36, 196
Marticorena Paola 78
Martnez Marcela 17, 187
Martnez Murillo Rosalinda 37
Martnez-gmez Fabin 128
Martnez-morales Josu 27
Masojdek Jir 64
Masuda Laura 205
Mata Mara Teresa 140
Mateluna Daniela 70
Lagos N 58
Lagos Nstor 208
Langenbach D 63
Larrubia M Angeles 183
Le Guillard C 30
Le Guillard Ccile 30
Le-feuvre Regis 56, 174
Leonardo Joana 196
Leyton Allison 114, 129
Lienqueo M.Elena 114, 129
Lima FRANCISCA 136
225
Ocaranza D 108
Ocaranza P 167
Ocaranza Paula 142, 149
Ohara Todd 127
Ojeda Claudia 17
Ojeda Jaime 142, 149, 160
Oliveira Ana Cristina 36
Oliveira Mariana 46
Oliveira Srgio 190
Oliveira Vinicus 213
Ontaneda Diana 43
Ordoez Jessika 23
Orozco Carlos 65
Ortiz Fedra 50, 101
Ortiz Jonathan 83
Osorio Hctor 105
Osses Nelson 116
Osvaldo Crdoba 33
Pacheco Solange 22
Pachn Cindy 52
Paredes Michelle 209
Paredes Rodrguez Jae Diana 48
Parodi Elisa 144, 145, 146
Parra Oscar 134
Parrish Christopher 151
Passarinho Paula Cristina 36
Pataquiva Alis 200
226
Raymundo Anabela 36
Reali Natalie 180
Rearte Agustn 16
Reascos Diana 53
Recalde Edmundo 201
Reis Alberto 196
Reis DANIELA SILVA 152
Renaud Louis 59
Rentera Mexa Ana 45
Restrepo Boland Alexandre 69, 138
Reyes Cruz Yordanka 118
Reyes-medina Ilse 159
Reyna Jeldes Mauricio 29
Reynoso Granados Teodoro 37
Ribeiro Belina 36, 197
Riosmena-rodrguez Rafael 46
Riquelme Carlos 139, 140, 187
Riquelme Ricardo 44, 156
Riquelme Roberto 56
Riquelme Salamanca Carlos 54
Rivanor Reanata 82
Rivas Mariella 74, 141, 172, 173, 204
Rivera-calfuquir Luis 181
Rivero Oporto Javier 207
Roa Eduardo 116
Rocha Francinalda Maria 137
Rodriguez Abraham Efraim 202, 203
Rodriguez J 142, 160, 167
Rodriguez Juan Pablo 142, 149
Rodriguez Sandra 161
Rodrguez-cuautle Araceli 102, 115
Rojas Daniela 138
Rojas M. Vernica 17, 116, 117
Rojas Osorio Daniela 69
Romero Pedro 53
Romero-hermoso Luis 91
Romo Hctor 154
Romo Buchelly Raquel 118
Rrig Leonardo 90
Rosales Loaiza Nestor 107
Rosenfeld S 160, 162, 167
Rosenfeld Sebastian 142, 149, 162
Rost Enrique 220
Ruiz Maricarmen 74
Ruiz-castro Miguel Eduardo 111
Tala F 47
Tamanaha M 193
Tamanaha Mrcio 49, 155, 180
Tarazona-diaz Martha Patricia 111
Tartara Matas 144
Teixeira Regis 123
Teles Felipe 82
Tenorio-rodrguez Paola 21, 127
Terrados Jorge 142, 149
Tessarolli Leticia 165
Thiel Martin 166
Torrano-silva Beatriz 46
Torres Priscila 122
Torres Muoz Jorge 203
Torres-muoz Jorge 202
Traipi Eliza 172
Tran-minh Canh 59
Troncoso Marcos 124
Troncoso Nicols 123, 124
Troncoso-valenzuela Marcos 128
Uhrich Anala 33
Ulloa Marlys 173
Ulloa Pablo 117
Ulloa Mercado Ruth 45
Undurraga Daniel 19
Uribe Elsa 125
Urrutia Roberto 96, 134
Weinstein-oppenheimer Caroline 29
Winckler S 193
Wong Genezareth 17
Wriedt S 13
Xavier ADILSON 136
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