COE NIT Rourkela

8/29/2014
Progress Report
CoE on Practical Renewable Energy System
Coordinator: Prof. Bidyadhar Subudhi

Department of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Funds Received and Utilisation

Amount of Money Sanctioned:
1) F. No. 1616/2013TS. VII (General) dated 26th March 2013: Rs. 155 Lakhs
2) F. No. 1616/2013TS. VII (SC) dated 26th March 2013: Rs. 30 Lakhs
3) F. No. 1616/2013TS. VII (ST) dated 26th March 2013: Rs. 15 Lakhs
Total: Rs. 200 Lakhs
8/29/2014
Detailed Expenditure of CoE-Renewable Energy Sources as on

15th June,2014
Head of Expenditure
Amount of Expenditure as on 15th June 2014
Procurement
2,16,15,548/
2,16,15,548/(P.O. has been issued Wind Energy Control System and PV Hybrid Energy
System)
PO is under process for 100 kW PV Experimental Set up
Assistantship
3,24,000/(Ph.D. Scholars)
R& D
5,17,833
IOC
1,77,528
Total Expenditure Rs. 2,26,34,909/- (Two Crore Twenty Six Lakh Thirty Four Thousand Nine Hundred
Nine only)
Sl
No.
1
2
3
4.
5
6
7
8
9
Name
Prof. B. D.Subudhi,
EE Dept.
Prof.P.K.Ray,
EE Dept.
Dept
Prof. K.K. Mohapatra
EC Dept.
Prof. R.K. Sahoo
ME Dept.
Prof K.B. Mohanty
EE Dept.
Prof A.K.
A K Panda
EE Dept.
Prof S. Samant
EE Dept.
Prof S.Maity
EE Dept.
Prof S.Ghosh
EE Dept
Investigators
Qualification
Areas of Interest
PhD(Sheffield)
PhD(IIT Kanpur)
Control of PV and Wind Energy Systems, Smart Grid

Control, Active Power Filtering
Estimation & Filtering in Power System, Renewable Energy
Sources
Embedded Systems , Power Electronics
PhD (IIT Kharagpur)
Heat Transfer, Cryogenic Engineering
PhD(NIT Rourkela)
PhD(IIT Kharagpur)
Power Electronic Drives, Vector Drives and Torque

Controlled Drives
PhD(Utkal University) Soft Switching Converters,
Converters AC Drives and Power Quality
Analysis in PE Circuits
PhD(IIT Kharagpur)
Modeling and Control of Power Electronics Converters
PhD(IIT Kharagpur)
Nonlinear Dynamics in Power Electronics Circuits
PhD(IIT Kharagpur)
Decentralized Control, Robust control and Time-delay

systems
8/29/2014
External Collaborators
y Prof S. Mishra, EE, IIT D
y Prof.Y.S.R. Sood,, NIT Hamirpur
p
Sl. No. Name of the Scholar
Title of Thesis
R.Pradhan
Basant Kumar Dash
Development of New Parameter B.Subudhi

Extraction Schemes and Maximum
Power
Point
Controllers
for
Photovoltaic Power Systems
Development of Control Strategies for B.Subudhi & R.Reddy
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
O.P.Suresh
R.Panigrahi
Ventkatratnam
6
7
8
9
Satyabrata Sahoo
Brundaban Sahoo
Sasmita Behera
Raja Rout
Active and Reactive Power Control of

WECS
Power quality improvement using
Active power filters
Embbeded Control Design of PV
system
Hybrid Energy System
Robust Control of Wind Energy System
Grid Interface of Wind Energy System
Real-time Implementation of Control
Algorithms for an solar powered AUV
Control of Grid Connected PV System
Name of the Supervisor(s)
B.Subudhi
P.C.Panda, B.Subudhi
K.K.Mahapatra and
B.Subudhi
B.Subudhi & G.Panda
B.Subudhi & D.Bagarty
B.Subudhi & B.B.Pati
B.Subudhi
B.Subudhi and P.K.Ray
Status
Awarded in March
2013
Synopsis is over and

will submit by 30th
June 2014
July 2010, In
progress
Since Jan 2011, In
progress
Since july 2011
Since Jan 2013
Since July 2012
Since July 2011
Since July 2012
10
Satyajit Mohanty
11
Om Prakash Pahari
Active & reactive power control of grid B Subudhi

connected PV system
Since July 2013
12
Nirjharini Sahoo
Active Power Filtering with application to

Distributed Generations
Since Jan 2013
G.Panda & B.Subudhi
Since Jan 2013
8/29/2014
u10
PhD students hired by CoE

y Satyajit Dash
Active and Reactive Power Control of Wind Energy System

Supervisor: Prof. B Subudhi
Since July 2013
y Snehaprava Swain
Control of Wind Energy System

Supervisor: Prof. P.K.Ray
Since July 2013
Advertisement for new PDF, PhD and M.Tech

students
y Interview will be held on 20 June 2014
Slide 7
u10
user, 6/17/2014
8/29/2014
Research Collaborations
y IBM: Smart Grid Control
y Quee
Queen Marry
a yU
University
ve s ty of
o London:
o do : Modelling
ode g & Co
Control
t o oof Renewable
e ewab e
Energy Systems
y Far East Federal Univ., Vladivostok, Russia: Control of Ocean Energy and
Solar Powered Autonomous Underwater Robots
Research Foci of the CoE

1. PV System Control
Parameter extraction and MPPT (Maximum Power point Tracking)
Robust Control of Grid Interface PV System
Development of Global MPPT algorithms for PV system under non-uniform Insolation
Grid Integration Issues
2. Wind Energy Conversion System and Control

Active and Reactive Power Control
MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking)
Wind Speed Estimation with Wavelet Neural Networks
WECS Grid Integration Issue
3. Distributed Power Generation

Development of Control Techniques in Shunt Active Power Filter
Development of Real-time Estimation and Filtering Algorithms with Applications to Distributed Generation
4. Fuel Cell
u6
Slide 10
u6
ask Prof. KK.Mohapatra that sir has requested to tell some thing
user, 6/17/2014
8/29/2014
Some Sponsored Research Funding Secured

Sl
Sponsori
ng
Agency
Title of Project
Amount of
grant (INR
Lakh)
Period
Coinvestigator
DST
38
2013-2016
P.K.Ray
TEQIP
500
2013-2015
P.K.Ray
DST
UKIERI
Estimation & Filtering with

Application to Distributed
Generations
Establishment of Centre of
Excellence on Renewable
Energy System
Modelling & Control of
Hybrid Renewable Energy
Sources
33
2013-2015
M. H. Shaheed
Queen Mary,
Univ.of London
PK R
P.K.Ray
CPRI
21
2011-2014
P.C.Panda
Study of power quality

problems and counter
measures in present power
systems using power
electronics devices.
u3
Sponsored Research Funding Applied

Sl.
No.
Sponsoring
Agency
Title of Project
CPRI
Development of New Estimation

and Control Techniques for Shunt
Active
Power
Filter
with
Applications to Aircraft Systems
Development
of
a
Phasor
Measurement Unit for Wide Area
Measurement System in a Smart
Grid
MNRE
Project
Cost
(INR
Lakh)
30
Period
Investigators
2 Years
P.K.Ray
B.D. Subudhi
36
3 Years
P.K.Ray
B.D. Subudhi
DST-SERI
(A)
Development of a Compact
Control Unit for a roof top PV
System
44
DST-SERI
(B)
Development of Grid Integration

Strategies for Large PV System .
142
3 Years
P.K.Ray
B.D. Subudhi
3 Years
B.D. Subudhi
P.K.Ray
S.Ghosh
P. Kale
Slide 12
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ask sandip two more projects

user, 6/17/2014
8/29/2014
PhD Theses Awarded

y R.Pradhan
y Development of New Parameter Extraction Schemes and Maximum Power Point Controllers
for Photovoltaic Power Systems
y Supervisor: Prof. B.Subudhi
y Awarded in March 2013
y PhD Theses Submitted
y K. C. Bhuyan
y DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROLLERS USING FPGA FOR FUEL CELLS IN
STANDALONE AND UTILITY APPLICATIONS

y Supervisor: Prof. K.K. Mahapatra
MTech Theses Awarded

1.Wind Speed Estimation by Neural Networks,Prangya Parimita Pradhan
( p
)
Awarded in Mayy 2014,, Prof. B.Subudhi (Supervisor)
2. Modelling of PV System and Prediction of Solar Insolation,Reema Mohanty
Awarded in May 2014, Prof. B.Subudhi (Supervisor)
3. State Estimation through wireless Communication for a Smart Grid
Joysankar Dwibedy,Awarded in May 2014, Prof. B.Subudhi (Supervisor)
4 SEMS for WECS
4.
WECS,Vidyabhusan,Awarded
Vidyabhusan Awarded in May 2014,
2014 Prof.
Prof B.Subudhi
B Subudhi
(Supervisor)
5. Fuzzy PI Control of WECS,Suchismita Acharya,Awarded in May 2014, Prof.
B.Subudhi (Supervisor)
8/29/2014
MTech Theses Awarded (Contd.)

6. Power System Frequency Estimation by Linear and Nonlinear Techniques, Nilesh N
Sindhe, Awarded in May 2014, Prof. P. K. Ray (Supervisor)
7. Automatic Load Frequency Control of Multi area Power System, Sushmita Ekka,
Awarded in May 2014, Prof. P. K. Ray (Supervisor)
8. Power System Harmonics Estimation using different Signal Processing Techniques,
Rishikesh K. Jaiswal, Awarded in May 2014, Prof. P. K. Ray (Supervisor)
9. Economic Load Dispatch in Power System using PSO, Bhishma Narayan Prasad,
Awarded
d d in May 2014, Prof.
f P. K. Ray (Supervisor)
10. A Hybrid Recursive Least Square PSO based algorithm for Power System
Harmonics Estimation, Mahasweta Biswal, Awarded in May 2014, Prof. P. K. Ray
(Supervisor)
Journal Publications from CoE

y R.Panigrahi, P.C.Panda and B.Subudhi, A Robust Extended Complex Kalman Filter and Sliding Mode Control based
Shunt Active Power Filter, Electric Power Components and Systems, vol.42,no.5,pp.520532, 2014
y B.Subudhi and R.Pradhan, A Comparative Study on Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Power
y
y
y
y
y
y
System,
y
, IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy,
gy, vol.4,, no.1,, pp
pp.89-98,, JJan 2013.
B. Subudhi and S.S. Ge, Sliding mode Control and observer based slip ratio control of Electric and Hybrid Electric
Vehicles, IEEE Trans. on Intelligent Transportation System, vol.13, no.4, pp.1617-1626,2012
P.K.Ray and B.Subudhi, Ensemble Kalman Filtering Algorithm applied to Power System Harmonics Estimation, IEEE
Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement , vol.61, no.12, pp.3216-3224, 2012
B. Subudhi, P. K. Ray and S. Ghosh, Variable Leaky LMS Algorithm Based Power System Frequency Estimation IET
Science, Measurement & Technology, vol.6, issue 4, pp. 288-297, 2012
P K R andd B.Subudhi,
P.K.Ray
B S b dhi BFO optimizedd RLS algorithm
l
h ffor PPower SSystem H
Harmonics E
Estimation, Applied
A li d Soft
S f
Computing (Elsevier), 12 (2012) 19651977
B. Subudhi and R.Pradhan, A Comparative Study on Solar Array Parameter Extraction Methods, International
Journal of Renewable Energy Technology (Inderscience) , vol.3, no.3, pp-315, 2012
B.Subudhi and O.P.Suresh, Sliding mode approach to torque and pitch control for an wind energy system using FPGA,
Journal of Archives of Control Sciences,Volume 22(LVIII), 2012, No. 3, pp. 255272
8/29/2014
Conference Publications
y B.K.Dash and B.Subudhi, A Fuzzy Adaptive Sliding Mode Slip Ratio Controller of a HEV, 2013 IEEE Intl. Conf. on Fuzzy
y
y
y
y
u9
Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2013), Hyderabad, India July 2013
R.Pradhan and B.Suudhi, An Adaptive Prediction Error Filter for Photovoltaic Power Harvesting Applications, India
Conference (INDICON), 2012 Annual IEEE, 2012, Kochi, 7-10 Dec. 2012
O.P.Suresh and B.Subudhi,, Slidingg mode approach
pp
to torque
q and ppitch control for an wind energy
gy system
y
usingg FPGA,,
India Conference (INDICON), 2012 Annual IEEE, 2012 , Kochi, 7-10 Dec. 2012
R.Pradhan and B.Subudhi, A Steepest-Descent based Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for a Photovoltaic Power
System, Intl Conf. Allahabad, 2012
R.Pradhan and B.Subudhi, A New Digital Double Integral Sliding Mode Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic
Power Generation Application, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, IEEE ICSET 2012,
Kathmandu, Nepal, 24-27 Sep 2012.
R Panigrahi P.C.Panda
R.Panigrahi,
P C Panda and B.Subudhi,
B Subudhi Comparison of Performances of Hysteresis and Dead Beat Controllers in Active
Power, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, IEEE ICSET 2012, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2427 Sep 2012.Kathmandu
R.Panigrahi, P.C.Panda and B.Subudhi, New strategy for generation of reference current in active power filters with
distortion in line voltage, IEEE Conf. Madras, 2012
Short Term Courses by CoE

y Control of Renewable Power Generation Systems:
y 7-11 Julyy 2014
y Coordinators: B Subudhi, P K Ray and S Ghosh
Slide 17
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8/29/2014
Research Works of the CoE
1. PV System Control
1.1 Parameter extraction of PV System and Adaptive MPPT Control Design
Students Name: Raseswari Pradhan (Ph.D awarded)
Supervisor Name: Prof B.D.Subudhi
Objectives
j
To propose efficient algorithms in terms of fast convergence and accuracy for extraction of parameters of a PV panel.
To develop a mathematical model of a PV panel having obtained parameters by the proposed parameter extraction algorithms.
To evaluate efficiency of the proposed parameter extraction algorithms through both simulated and experimental results.
To review on the reported approaches to MPPT design.
To propose new MPPT algorithms such that the accuracy in tracking reference voltage can be achieved in less time.
To propose new adaptive controllers for MPPT considering the uncertainties of the PV system dynamics due to changing solar
irradiance at different weather conditions.
To simulate the proposed MPPT algorithms in MATLB/SIMULINK and real-time simulation model in OPAL-RT simulator.
To develop a prototype of a PV control and experimental implementation of the proposed MPPT algorithms.
To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed MPPT algorithms.
10
8/29/2014
Experimental Set-up
Proto-type PV System
SPARTAN 3A
FPGA board
PV Panel
DC/DC Boost converter
Voltage
Temperature Display
FPGA board
sensor
DSO
DAQ
Load
DC-DC
Boost
Converter
PV
Panel
i1
v2
i2
v3
RC
Filter
1-
Inverter
pulse1
Block diagram of PV system prototype

v1
LC
Filter
Load
Pulse
i3
Signal
Conditioner
21
Conditioned signals6
(6-no.)
FPGA
Board
PC
Data and Command
Flow
Prototype Experimental Set-up of the PV Control system

The PV system is a stand-alone type. It consists of PV array, DC/DC boost converter, inverter, SPARTAN 3A FPGA board,
signal conditioners (voltage and current sensors), personal computer and analog filtering circuits.
Prototype experimental set-up of the PV system
Vi Microsystems Spartan-3A DSP Trainer Kit with

following components such as (1) SPARTAN-3A DSP
Processor, (2) PLL Clock Setting, (3) JTAG Connector,
(4) RS232 Serial Port, (5) Parallel Port, (6) LCD Display,
(7) PWM Connector, (8) SDA Bus Connector, (9) Power
Supply and (10) USB
11
8/29/2014
(a) Parameter Extraction Problem Formulation

output current ipv of a single-diode five-parameter model
q ( n p v pv + ipv Rs ) n v + i R
1 p pv pv s
i pv = I ph I 0 exp

ns akbT
Rsh

Proposed Hybrid NRM parameter extraction
P-V Characteristics
I-V Characteristics
Method I(NRM),Method II(Comprehensive method), Proposed Hybrid NRM

24
12
8/29/2014
Proposed BFO parameter extraction algorithm
Simulation Results
Normal condition
Shedding condition
25
BFO technique is better than PSO technique
Proposed Hybrid NRM parameter extraction and BFO parameter

extraction algorithm comparison
Absolute MPP Power Error empp (%) at STC
Proposed
PV Module
Hybrid
PSO
Comprehensive
Proposed
BFO
NRM
Shell SQ85
0.0044
0.0354
0.0473
0.00133
PM648
0.00485
0.0083
0.0334
0.00257
SSI-M6-205
0.003
0.004
0.013
0.00012
Shell ST40
0.00134
0.0016
0.0018
0.000507
Computational time (s)

PM648
3.58
5.65
14.36
2.36
SSI-M6-205
3.184309
6.13
14.28
1.86
Contributions
Proposed Hybrid NRM parameter extraction simplified
this problem to a two-order problem. In this algorithm,
y addingg an additional
existingg NRM is modified by
iterative algorithm.
Proposed BFO parameter extraction algorithm is a
global optimization algorithm. It also has boundary
limit of parameters.
The PV model parameters such as Iph, I0, Rs, Rsh and
a vary with
ith the
th weather
th conditions
diti
are extracted.
t t d
The comparison of the computational time and
absolute MPP power error by the proposed BFO
method with that of hybrid NRM, PSO and
comprehensive method for a number of PV panels are
shown in the table.
13
8/29/2014
(b) MPPT Problem Formulation

There exists a single point called MPP at any solar irradiance at which output power of the PV system is the
maximum.
At MPP
dp pv
dv pv
=0
Operating
p
g ppoint of a PV system
y
can be adjusted
j
to match
with this calculated Vref using a DC/DC boost converter to
operate at MPPT.
For this a controller block is employed in the PV system
to accomplish the above adjustment in the DC/DC boost
converter.
Designing
D i i
effective
ff i MPPT algorithms
l ih
together
h with
ih a
controller are the important tasks in view of achieving
maximum power extraction from an installed PV system.
PV system with MPPT
Proposed Autotuning based Adaptive MPPT (ATAMPPT)

This MPPT can estimate the MPPs of a PV system
on-line using a RLS based system identifier and a
NRM technique. This MPPT takes place on-line
and uses the on-line estimated MPPs of the PV
panel.
28
14
8/29/2014
Proposed ATAMPPT
Simulation Results
Real time Simulation Results
Observation: Auto-tuned PID-controller can track the reference MPP

voltage Vref of 48.9V with minimal fluctuations in PV voltage. It is
also capable of tracking MPP at variable weather conditions.
29
Proposed ATAMPPT
Simulation Results
30
Tracking time and voltage fluctuation are less in case of ATAMPPT

compared to P&O-MPPT, INC-MPPT and APO-MPPT
15
8/29/2014
Proposed ATAMPPT
Simulation Results
GM
PM
Gain margin (GM) = 40dB

Phase margin (PM) = 19.260
PV system with ATAMPPT is stable

31
Proposed ATAMPPT
Real-time Simulation Results
vPVV-INC [V]
vPVV-APO [V]
A = 25mV
vPV-P&O [V
V]
Time [s]
32
B = 40mV
Time [s]
A<B<C
C = 27mV
Time [s]
16
8/29/2014
Proposed ATAMPPT
Real-time Simulation Results
ipv-ATAMPPT [A]
vpv-ATAMPPT [V]
vdc-ATAMPPT [V]
Time [s]
D = 15mV
D<A<B<C
33
Real-Tracking time and voltage fluctuation are less in case of ATAMPPT

compared to P&O-MPPT, INC-MPPT and APO-MPPT
Proposed ATAMPPT
Experimental Results
P&O-MPPT
ATAMPPT
34
Less tracking time and voltage fluctuation in case of ATAMPPT compared to P&O-MPPT
17
8/29/2014
Summary and Contribution

A new ATAMPPT is proposed for PV systems
MPPs of a PV system are estimated on-line using a RLS based system
identifier and a NRM technique
Its effectiveness are verified by comparing with existing MPPTs such as
P&O, INC and APO. It is found that the ATAMPPT has less tracking error,
tracking time and voltage fluctuations.
Simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK, real-time simulation in Opal-RT and
experimental results using the prototype set-up are presented to validate the
performance of the ATAMPPT
It provides effective tracking of MPP as well as regulates the load voltage
fixed at different weather conditions
Contributions
35
The proposed ATAMPPT has NRM as MPPT algorithm and an autotuned adaptive PID-controller. Initial condition of the NRM algorithm is
carefully chosen so it is not suffering from singularity problem
(c) Adaptive Predictive Error Filter based MPPT

A new MPPT called APEFC MPPT designed using recursive least square (RLS) with a variable forgetting factor and
adaptive predictive error filter based controlling concept.
This MPPT alleviates the shortcoming of ATAMPPT i.e. requirement of accurate estimated PV panel parameters in a
short period hence may be inappropriate in handling quick weather variations.
Further, this MPPT considers external disturbances. The proposed APEFC is an adaptive PID-controller. Here, the
APEF part of this APEFC MPPT is an adaptive PD-controller where the proportional and derivative gains are tuned
on-line by pole-placement algorithm.
The integral term only acts as catalyst in the APEFC
APEFC-MPPT
MPPT and hence speeds up the dynamic response of the PV
system. Therefore, an empirically chosen fixed value of integral gain has been used.
18
8/29/2014
Proposed new RLS-APEFC-MPPT Controller
Simulation Results
Changing Solar irradiance
Changing Solar Cell Temperature
37
Simulation Results
Bode plot
Both GM and PM are

positive
Also
38
gm < pm
PV system with Proposed

APEFC-MPPT is stable
19
8/29/2014
Simulation Results
SSI-M6-205
PV Panel
Proto-type PV
System
Less Steady-state error and Tracking time in case of RLS-APEFC-MPPT
39
Simulation Results
Proposed APEFC-MPPT
Started late but
settles fast
Faster tracking speed
T ki ti
Tracking
time lless
Proposed APEFC-MPPT
Faster tracking speed
Reaches near zero earlier
40
Proposed APEFC-MPPT is more efficient than RLS-APEFC-MPPT
20
8/29/2014
Simulation Results
SSI-M6-205
PV Panel
MPPT
Controller
Proposed
APEFC-MPPT
RLS-APEFCMPPT
41
MPPT Controller
evmpp (mV)
Tracking time (ms)
LMS-APEFC (=0.1)
80
ATAMPPT
1.6
40
NLMS-APEFC
0.5
38
GALSLMS-APEFC
0.5
25
RLS-APEFC
0.2
Proposed APEFC
0.05
evmpp (V)
Tracking time
(ms)
0.03
0.1
Proto-type PV
System
Proposed APEFC-MPPT is better in both SSI-M6-205 and Prototype PV panels
ATAMPPT
APEFC-MPPT
42
Less tracking time and voltage fluctuation in case of APEFC-MPPT compared to ATAMPPT
21
8/29/2014

This Chapter proposed a new RLS-APEFC-MPPT controller.
The RLS-APEFC-MPPT has variable forgetting factor.
This proposed MPPT is designed with an adaptive PID-controller
where
h its
it parameter
t are tuned
t d by
b an adaptive
d ti predictive
di ti filter
filt
It possesses both faster response and lesser steady-state error than
that of LMS-APEFC, NLMS-APEFC, GALSLMS-APEFC based
MPPTs and ATAMPPT.
The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed APEFC technique
have been verified through simulation and experimental studies
This proposed APEFC MPPT is found to be computationally less
complex, and effective in tracking MPP of a PV system.
43
(d) Double Integral Sliding Mode MPPT and Adaptive Double Integral Sliding Mode
MPPT
The RLS-APEFC MPPT is computationally complex with still high steady-state error and chattering in PV voltage.
By using double integral sliding mode controller (DISMC), a DC/DC converter, it exhibits fast dynamic response, less steadystate error and reduced chattering in PV voltage.
Therefore two new MPPTs are developed exploiting the concept of DISMC for a stand-alone PV system such as DISMCMPPT and adaptive DISMC-MPPT. These MPPTs are designed in such a way that there is guaranteed stability achieved.
In literature, two distinct sliding surfaces have been used namely sliding surface 1 (SS1) and sliding surface 2 (SS2). DISMC
with SS1 has less number of components and control variables but has higher chattering in PV voltage whereas DISMC with
SS1 has less chattering and fast tracking but has more number of control variables hence costly and complex.
Therefore, a new sliding surface is selected and used to design two DISMC-MPPTs. In the proposed DISMC-MPPT, sliding
surface is assumed fixed whilst in the proposed adaptive DISMC-MPPT; sliding surface is updated with changing weather
conditions.
22
8/29/2014
Proposed DISMC-MPPT and an Adaptive DISMC-MPPT
Simulation Results
45
Less Steady-state error and Tracking time in case of DISMC-MPPT
Simulation Results
Parameters
SMC-MPPT
ISMC-MPPT
Proposed
DISMC-MPPT
Vref (V)
28.0438
28.0438
28.0438
h1 (V)
28 0511
28.0511
28 049
28.049
28 047
28.047
h2 (V)
28.0444
28.039
28.0406
h (V)
0.77
0.01
0.0064
SSE (mV)
3.9
0.2
0.0028
SSE (% of Vref)
13
0.8
0.01
0 4562
0.4562
6 9562
6.9562
5 4562
5.4562
0.12
0.11
Maximum
Overshoot (V)
Settling Time (s) > 1
46
Overall tracking performances in case of Proposed DISMC-MPPT are

better than SMC and ISMC MPPTs
23
8/29/2014
Simulation Results
DISMC-MPPT
ISMC-MPPT
SMC-MPPT
47
Proposed DISMC-MPPT has less chattering
Solar Irrradiances [W/m2]
Simulation Results
i
ii
iii
i: 1000W/m2, ii: 700W/m2
and iii: 500W/m2
Time[s]
48
Proposed DISMC-MPPT is better than SMC and ISMC MPPTs
24
8/29/2014
DISMC-MPPT
49
Simulation Results
Although tracking time is higher but less voltage fluctuation in case of DISMCMPPT compared to APEFC-MPPT

Jiaos
Proposed
DISMC-
DISMC-
DISMC-
MPPT
MPPT
MPPT
Number of current sensors
Three
Two
Two
Two
Sliding surface parameters
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Adaptive
Complexity
More
Vpv,Vdc,
Less
Vpv,Vdc,
Less
Vpv,Vdc,
Less
Vpv,Vdc,
Properties
Control Variables
ipv, iL & iC1
ipv, & iC1
ipv, & iC1
Adaptive
DISMCMPPT
ipv, & iC1
Cost
more
less
less
less
Reaching time
22 ms
< 5ms
110 ms
< 5 ms
Settling-time
22 ms
> 25ms
5 ms
2.5 ms
Chattering
1.43V
9.3V
28mV
12.5mV
0.59 V
0.01 V
0.002 V
20ms
2ms
1.2ms
4V
5.4562 V
1V
SSE
0.26 V
Settling-time during step2.5ms
change in input
Maximum overshoot during
0.5 volts
step-change in input
50
Proposed
Tans
Controller
Overall MPPT property case of Proposed DISMC-MPPT is better
25
8/29/2014
PV V
Voltage [V]
Tracking Time
(1.4s)
DISMC-MPPT
Open circuit
Open-circuit
condition
1.6V
MPP condition
PV Voltag
ge [V]
Time [s]
Tracking Time
(0.9s)
A
Open-circuit
voltage
1V
Adaptive DISMC-MPPT
B
MPP voltage
Time [s]
51
Less tracking time and voltage fluctuation in case of Adaptive DISMC-MPPT compared to DISMC-MPPT

A DISMC-MPPT and an Adaptive DISMC-MPPT are proposed in this chapter.
These two DISMC-MPPTs have been constructed with new sliding surfaces.
Simple control structure and fixed frequency operation.
In DISMC-MPPT, controller coefficients are fixed whilst in the adaptive DISMCMPPT, controller coefficients are updating with changing weather conditions.
Proposed fixed gain DISMC-MPPT is found to be more efficient than SMCMPPT and ISMC
ISMC-MPPT.
MPPT.
Proposed Adaptive DISMC-MPPT is found to be more efficient than the fixed
gain DISMC-MPPT, DISMC-MPPT with Tans sliding surface, DISMC-MPPT
with Jiaos sliding surface and APEFC-MPPT
52
26
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(e) Self-tuned IPID-controller based MPPT

yThe DISMC-MPPT with adaptive sliding surface yields better tracking results than that of P&O-MPPT, INC-MPPT,
APO-MPPT, ATAMPPT and APEFC-MPPT with less voltage and current fluctuations, less tracking error and less
tracking time but, the performance of adaptive DISMC-MPPT is dependent on the selection of its sliding surface.
yTherefore, there is need of designing a new MPPT using a black
black-box
box model of PV system that is identified on
on-line
line
considering error in measurement (disturbances).

yHence, a self-tuning MPPT with IPID-controller and RLS identifier for a PV system is proposed. In this self-tuned
MPPT, tracking of MPP is done in a single step by taking dp pv as cost function. This MPPT uses incremental PIDdv pv
controller.
Proposed a self-tuned MPPT designed with IPID-controller
Simulation Results
Closely matching
Less estimation error
54
PV curve with RLS-estimated parameters of PV system

matching closely to actual curve
27
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Simulation Results
Performance of Self-tuned MPPT is better than GMV,

Pole-placement and Auto-tuned MPPTs
55
Simulation Results
PV V
Voltage [V]
A
Open-circuit
condition
0.5V
MPP condition
Experimental
Result
Tracking Time
(0.6s)
Time [s]
56
Tracking time is 0.6s and voltage fluctuation is 0.5V
28
8/29/2014

PV Voltage
[V]
PV Currrent
[A]
Tracking Results
Open-circuit
condition
Tracking
Time
MPP condition
Tracking
Time
Time [s]
Gate signaal
Switching
g
signal
Time [s]
57
Comparison Between Different MPPT

Simulated MPP Tracking Characteristics
Type of
Voltage
time (s)
chattering (V)
0.3
0.27
MPPT
overshoot (V)
Efficiency (%)
3.5
0.5
96.5
2.4
2.5
0.5
97.5
0.17
1.5
2.2
0.3
97.8
Auto-tuned
0.04
0.063
98
APEFC
0.005
0.05
0.0920
0.25
99.9
DISMC
0 025
0.025
46
4.6
07
0.7
5 4562
5.4562
99 3
99.3
0.005
0.028
0.08
99.92
0.004
0.04
0.03
0.15
99.98
P&O
Incremental
Conductance
Adaptive
P&O
Adaptive
DISMC
Self-tuned
58
Tracking
Maximum
MPPT
SSE (V)
Proposed Self-tuned MPPT is better than other MPPTs
29
8/29/2014
Comparison Between Different MPPT

Experimental MPP Tracking
Characteristics
Type of MPPT
59
Tracking
time Voltage chattering
(s)
(V)
P&O
0.9
Auto-tuned
0.8
APEFC
0.7
DISMC
0.76
2.5
Adaptive DISMC
0.45
S lf t
Self-tuned
d
0 26
0.26
Proposed Self-tuned MPPT is better than other MPPTs

This chapter proposed a self-tuned MPPT designed with IPIDcontroller.
For designing this MPPT, PV system is considered as an ARX model.
P
Parameters
t off thi
this ARX model
d l are id
identified
tifi d using
i RLS algorithm.
l ith
With simulation and experimental studies, it is found that this MPPT
is able to provide less fluctuation in PV voltage.
It has also has less steady state tracking error SSE.
Its MPP tracking time is very less. Further, maximum overshoot
during the transient period of MPP tracking is less
less.
60
30
8/29/2014
References
1. R. Singh, Randhir, Y. R. Sood and N. P. Padhy, "Development of renewable energy sources for Indian power sector moving
towards competitive electricity market", General Meeting in Power & Energy Society (PES'09), pp. 1-6, 26-30 Jun 2009,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
2. R. Dhakal, J. Kofford, B. Logue,
g
M. Ropp,
pp D. Galipeau,
p
and Y. Xingzhong,
g
g "Electrodeposited
p
AlSb compound
p
semiconductor for thin film solar cells", 34th IEEE in Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), pp. 1699-1701, 7-12
Jun 2009, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
3. P. Denholm and R. M. M. Margolis, "Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power
systems", Energy policy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 2852-2861, 2007.
4. W. Xiao, M. G. J. Lind, W. G. Dunford and C. Antoine, "Real-time identification of optimal operating points in
photovoltaic
h t
lt i power systems",
t
" IEEE Transactions
T
ti
on Industrial
I d t i l Electronics,
El t i vol.
l 53,
53 no. 4,
4 1017-1026,
1017 1026 2006.
2006
5. N. Femia, P. Giovanni, S. Giovanni and V. Massimo, "Optimization of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking
method", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 963-973, 2005.
6. M. Datta, S. Tomonobu, Y. Atsushi, F. Toshihisa and K. Chul-Hwan Kim, "A coordinated control method for leveling PV
output power fluctuations of PVdiesel hybrid systems connected to isolated power utility," IEEE Transactions on Energy
Conversion, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 153-162, 2009.
Publications
1. B. Subudhi and R. Pradhan, A Comparative Study on PV Panel Parameter Extraction Methods, International Journal on
Renewable Energy Technology (Inderscience), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 295-315, 2012.
2. B. Subudhi and R. Pradhan, A Comparative Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic
System, IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 89-98, 2013.
3. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, An Adaptive Double-Integral-Sliding-Mode-Maximum-Power-Point-Tracker for a
Photovoltaic System, Control Engineering Practice (Revised Copy submitted).
g Slidingg Mode MPPT Control of a Photovoltaic System,
y
, IEEE Trans. on
4. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi,, Double Integral
Control Systems Technology (Under Review).
5. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, An Adaptive Predictive Error Filter based Maximum Power Point Tracker for a Photovoltaic
System, IET Power Electronics (Revised Copy submitted).
6. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, Design and Real-time Implementation of a New Auto-tuned Adaptive MPPT Control for a
Photovoltaic System, International journal on Power and Energy System, Elsivier (Under Review).
7. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, A Self-Tuned Adaptive Maximum Power Point Tracker for a Photovoltaic System, IEEE
Trans. on Sustainable Energy (Revised Copy submitted).
8. R. Pradhan, B. Subudhi and P.K. Ray, A Real-time linearized Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic System,
IEEE PEDS-2013, 22-25 April 2013, Kitakyushu, Japan.
9. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, An Adaptive Prediction Error Filter for Photovoltaic Power Harvesting Applications, IEEE
INDICON-2012, Kochi, Kerala, 7-9 December, 2012.
10. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, A Steepest-Descent based Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for a Photovoltaic
Power System, IEEE ICPCES-2012, MNNIT, Allahabad, UP, 17-19 December 2012.
31
8/29/2014
11. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, A New Digital Double Integral Sliding Mode Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic
Power Generation Application, ICSET-2012, Kathmandu, Nepal, 24-27 September 2012.
12. B. Subudhi and R. Pradhan, Characteristics Evaluation and Parameter Extraction of a Solar Array Based on Experimental
Analysis, IEEE PEDS-2011, Singapore 5-8 December 2011.
13. B. Subudhi and R. Pradhan, A Comparative Study on Solar Parameter Extraction Methods, NSC-2010, Surathkal,
Karnataka, 10-12 December, 2010.
14. R. Pradhan, B. Subudhi and P.K. Ray, A Real-time linearized Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic System,
IEEE PEDS-2013, 22-25 April 2013, Kitakyushu, Japan.
15. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, An Adaptive Prediction Error Filter for Photovoltaic Power Harvesting Applications, IEEE
INDICON-2012, Kochi, Kerala, 7-9 December, 2012.
16. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, A Steepest-Descent based Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for a Photovoltaic
Power System, IEEE ICPCES-2012, MNNIT, Allahabad, UP, 17-19 December 2012.
17. R. Pradhan and B. Subudhi, A
A New Digital Double Integral Sliding Mode Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic
Power Generation Application, ICSET-2012, Kathmandu, Nepal, 24-27 September 2012.
18. B. Subudhi and R. Pradhan, Characteristics Evaluation and Parameter Extraction of a Solar Array Based on Experimental
Analysis, IEEE PEDS-2011, Singapore 5-8 December 2011.
19. B. Subudhi and R. Pradhan, A Comparative Study on Solar Parameter Extraction Methods, NSC-2010, Surathkal,
Karnataka, 10-12 December, 2010.
1.2 Robust Control of Grid Interface PV System

Students Name: Om Prakash Pahari (PhD)
Supervisor Name: Prof B. Subudhi
Objective
To study and investigate PV system Grid connection issues.
To develop intelligent MPPT based on the insolation variation or weather conditions.
To investigate on Power Quality/active and reactive power control of a grid connected PV system.
32
8/29/2014
Grid-Interfaced PV systems are capable to contribute power demands of the grid however; the major concerns of such
systems are safety and instability they cause to existing power grid. The efficiency of such system varies abruptly with
intermittent solar insolation, weather and grid faults.
Therefore,, this research focuses to developp experimental
p
set-upp of Grid connected PV system
y
and studyy the MPPT,, Power
Quality, grid faults, islanding, Grid synchronisation etc. while maintaining the IEEE 1547 standards.
References
1. Kulkarni, A.; John, V., "Mitigation of Lower Order Harmonics in a Grid-Connected Single-Phase PV Inverter," IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics,
Electronics vol.28,
vol 28 no.11,
no 11 pp.5024,5037,
pp 5024 5037 Nov.
Nov 2013
2. Yan Zhou; Hui Li; Liming Liu, "Integrated Autonomous Voltage Regulation and Islanding Detection for High Penetration
PV Applications," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.28, no.6, pp.2826,2841, June 2013
3. Patel, H.; Agarwal, V., "A Single-Stage Single-Phase Transformer-Less Doubly Grounded Grid-Connected PV Interface,"
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol.24, no.1, pp.93,101, March 2009
1.3 Development of Global MPPT algorithms for PV system under non-uniform Insolation
Students Name: Satyajit Mohanty (PhD)
Supervisor Name: Prof B.D.Subudhi and Prof. P.K Ray
Objective:
To develop MPPT control algorithms in order to generate maximum power output from the PV system with changing
insolation levels, temperature variations and other environmental conditions.
To investigate for MPPT algorithms required for standalone and Grid connected PV systems.
Work done:
St d th
Study
the effects
ff t off partial
ti l shading
h di on PV array characteristics
h
t i ti
Due to uniform insolation, a single peak appears in the P-V characteristics of the PV system.
1000
PV array pow er(W )
1200
10
P V array C urre nt(A )
11
9
8
7
6
0
20
40
60
PV array Volltage(V)
80
100
120
800
600
400
200
0
0
20
40
60
PV array voltage(V)
80
100
120
33
8/29/2014
22
1600
1400
P o w e r fro m P V a rra y (W )
C u rre n t o f P V a rra y
20
18
16
14
Output characteristics of PV array with nonuniform insolation (a) I-V characteristics (b)
P-V characteristics
1200
1000
12
800
600
400
200
10
0
20
40
60
Voltage of PV array
80
100
0
0
120
20
40
60
Voltage across PV array(V)
80
100
120
Due to variation in solar insolation and partial shading conditions, a no of multiple peaks appear in the PV characteristics of
the PV system
300
250
150
100
150
100
50
50
0
0.1
VI curve obtained from solar simulator

using frosted glass and 50% shading
200
200
Currrent(m A)
C ur rent(m A )
250
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Voltage(V)
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Voltage(V)
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
References
[1] Kun Ding, X. Bian, H.H Liu, and Tao Peng, A MATLAB Simulink Based PV module model and its application under
conditions of non-uniform irradiance, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 27, no.4, 2012, pp. 864-871.
[2] Young-Hyok Ji, Doo-Yong Jung, Jun-Gu Kim, Jae-Hyung Kim, Tae-Won Lee and Chung-Yuen Won, A Real Maximum Power
Point Tracking Method for Mismatching Compensation in PV Array Under Partially Shaded Conditions, IEEE Trans. on Power
Electronics, vol. 26, no. 4, Apr. 2011, pp. 1001-1009.
[3] Hiren Patel and Vivek Agarwal, Maximum Power Point Tracking Scheme for PV Systems Operating Under Partially Shaded
Conditions, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 4, Apr. 2008, pp.302-310.
[4] Hiren Patel and Vivek Agarwal,
Agarwal MATLAB-Based
MATLAB Based Modeling to Study the Effects of Partial Shading on PV Array
Characteristics, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. 23, no. 1, Mar. 2008, pp.302-310.
34
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2. Wind Energy Conversion System and Control

2.1 Active and Reactive Power Control of DFIG based Grid connected WECS
Student Name: Satyajit Das (PhD)
Obj ti
Objectives
To develop an algorithm to control the generation of active power with change in wind speed and extraction of maximum power
from wind.
As well as controlling the reactive power for unity power factor operation of WECS.
Work layout
The vector control (vc) is implemented on DFIG based WECS using flux oriented and stator voltage oriented methods for
decoupling control of active and reactive power control.
In these methods, the stator flux and mechanical torque (or the stator power components) are assumed to be decoupled and
controlled by the rotor current components along the real and imaginary axes of stator flux reference frame.
2000
The GSC (grid side converter) provides the
dc link voltage
1500
constant
1000
500
dc
link
voltage
and
also
responsible
p
for controllingg the reactive
-500
0
0.5
1.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
Time
3.5
4.5
power flow into the grid
x 10
18
16
Reactive power(var)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2.5
3.5
4.5
Time(sec)
3
x 10
The active power flow in to the grid is
2.5
output power(w)
2
1.5
approximately
tracking
the
reference
0.5
active power, which conforms the proper
0
-0.5
function of the MSC.
-1
-1.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Time
35
8/29/2014
Future Work
1. To investigate on power quality, active and reactive power control of a grid connected WECS by implementing different
control technique such as Direct Torque Control (DTC), Direct Power Control (DPC) using MATLAB/ Simulink.
2. To develop an experimental set-up of Grid connected WECS.
3 To design new strategy for controlling active and reactive power for the Wind Energy Conversion System and
3.
implementation of the same in real time experimental set up.
References
[1] S. Muller, M. Deicke, and R. W. De Doncker, Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines,IEEE Ind. Appl.
Mag., vol. 8, no. 3,pp. 2633, May/Jun. 2002.
[2] J. Hu, Y. He, L. Xu, and B. W. Williams, Improved control of DFIG systems during network unbalance using PI-R current
regulators IEEE Trans
regulators,
Trans. Ind
Ind. Electron
Electron., vol
vol. 56
56, no
no. 22, pp
pp. 439
439451,
451 Feb.
Feb 2009.
2009
[3] R. Pena, J. C. Clare, and G. M. Asher, Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converter and is
application to variable-speed windenergy generation, Proc. IEE B Electr. Power Appl., vol. 143,no. 3, pp. 231241, May
1996.
[4] G. S. Buja and M. P. Kazmierkowski, Direct torque control of PWM inverter-fed ac motors-a survey, IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 51,no. 4, pp. 744575, Aug. 2004.
2.2 MPPT (Maximum Power point Tracking)

Students Name: O.P.Suresh (Ph.D), Suchismita Acharya(M.Tech)
Objective
Development of new MPPT technique for DFIG based Grid connected WECS
Power coefficient Vs TSR
Power coefficient vs tip speed ratio at zero pitch

angle
Power coefficient vs tip speed ratio at

different pitch angle
36
8/29/2014
References
[1] T. Thiringer and J. Lindres, Control by variable rotor speed of a fixed-pitch wind turbine operating in a wide speed
range, IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 8, pp. 520526, Sept. 1993.
[2] I. Eskandarzadeh and H. Ince, Modeling and output power optimization of a wind turbine driven doubly output
induction generator, Proc. IEEE Electr. Power Applicat, vol.141, no.2, pp. 3338, March.1994.
[3] Fengxiang Wang, Chengwu Lin, and Longya Xu A chopping and doubly-fed adjustable speed system without bidirctional converter, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 20, pp. 23932397, October 2002.
[4] Yifan Tang, and Longya Xu A flexible active and reactive power control strategy for a variable speed constant frequency
generating system, IEEE Trans. Power Electronic, vol. 10, pp. 472478, July 1995.
Publications
1. O.P.Suresh and B.Subudhi, Sliding mode approach to torque and pitch control for an wind energy system using FPGA,
2. O.P.Suresh and B.Subudhi, Sliding mode approach to torque and pitch control for an wind energy system using FPGA,
2.3 Wind Speed Estimation with Wavelet Neural Networks

Student Name: Prangya Parimita Pradhan (M.Tech)
Objectives and work layout

Integration
I t
ti off wind
i d energy in
i existing
i ti power system
t causes problems
bl
Power Quality,
Stability
Power Dispatching
Control method
Effective wind speed/ power forecasting.
WORK LAYOUT
The available wind speed sample (2982) collected from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)[1] has been
decomposed up to 5th level with Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet transform(MODWT).

Each decomposed sample forecasted individually with different neural networks.
Finally each level forecasted outputs are added to get the wind speed forecast up to 30 hour ahead.
37
8/29/2014
Wind Speed Forecast

1.Wind speed estimation with feed-forward multilayer neural network:
9 This neural network consists of three layer as input layer, hidden layer and output layer.
9 Sigmoidal
Si
id l function
f
i
h been
b
selected
l
d as activation
i i function
f
i in
i the
h hidden
hidd layer,
l
d fi d as
defined
(.) has
( x) = 1+1e x
Where x is the input to the hidden layer that is the decomposed wind speed samples (detail coefficients of each
level from 1st to 5th level and approximate coefficients of 5th level) patterns.
2. Wind speed estimation with wavelet neural network:
9 Feed-forward wavelet neural network also consists of three layer same as feed-forward multilayer neural
networkk that
h is
i input
i
l
layer,
hidd layer
hidden
l
andd the
h output layer.
l
9 Instead of sigmoidal function Mexican (.)
hat has been selected as mother wavelet that is the activation
function in the wavelet layer ( hidden layer), defined as
a ,b (ui ) = (1 (
2
ui b 2
) ) e 0.5(( ui b ) / a )
a
Results of wind speed estimation with neural network

wind speed(m/s),error
predicted
actual
error
Mean absolute
error(MAE)=10.14%
2
1
0
-1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time(hour)
70
80
90
100
wind speed forecast of 100 successive hour ahead forecasting with multilayer feed-forward neural network
wind speed(m/s)),error
predicted
actual
error
Mean absolute
error(MAE)=1.53%
2
1
0
-1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time(hour)
70
80
90
100
wind speed forecast of 100 successive hour ahead forecasting with feed-forward wavelet neural network
38
8/29/2014
Future Work
Comparative studies with other methods for wind speed forecasting.
Wind power forecast will be carried out by recursively taking the previous wind power forecast values along with the wind
speed forecast obtained from neural network.
To design a control strategy to overcome the limitation of existing approaches .
References
[1]National Renewable Energy Laboratory[Online]. Available: http://www.nrel.gov/wind/integrationdatasets/eastern/data.html.
[2] Indian Wind Energy and Economy, Indianwindpower.com. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
[3] Shu Fan, James R. Liao, Ryuichi Yokoyama, Luonan Chen and Wei-Jen Lee, Forecasting the Wind Generation Using a TwoStage Network Based on Meteorological Information, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 24, no. 2, June 2009.
[4] Kanna Bhaskar and S. N. Singh, AWNN-Assisted wind power forecasting using feed-forward neural network, IEEE
Transactions on sustainable energy, vol.3,no. 2,april 2012.
[5] Xinghuo Yu, M. OnderEfe, and OkyayKaynak, A General Back propagation Algorithm for Feed forward Neural Networks
Learning, IEEE Transactions on neural networks, vol.13, no.1, january2002.
2.4 WECS Grid Integration Issues

Students Name: Snehaprava Swain (Ph.D)
Supervisor Name: Prof P.K. Ray
Objectives
1)power system security and stability analysis
2) Power quality improvement
Work Done
Maintaining grid reliability by precise synchronization of voltage and current:
Here an ac system of 60amp, 120v is analysed before synchronisation as well as after synchronization. This system analysis is
analogous to the WTCS analysis inter linked with the power system grid.
CaseII:(After Synchronization)
CaseI :(Before Synchronization)
current is slightly out of phase with the voltage.
current is in phase with the voltage.
39
8/29/2014
Future Scope
Reliability assessment of the integrated system by calculating different reliability indices.
References
[1].M. Moeini-Aghtaie , A. Abbaspour , and M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Incorporating large-scale distant wind farms in
probabilistic transmission expansion planning
planningPart
Part I: Theory and algorithm,
algorithm IEEE Trans.
Trans Power Syst.,
Syst vol.
vol 27,
27 no.
no 3,
3 pp.
pp
15851593, Aug. 2012.
[2]T. Ackermann, Wind Power in Power Systems. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2008.
[3] R. Karki and R. Billinton, Reliability/cost implications of PV and wind energy utilization in small isolated power
systems, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 368373, Dec. 2001.
[4] Y. Gao and R. Billinton, Adequacy assessment of generating systems containing wind power considering wind speed
correlation, IET Renew. Power Generat., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 217226, Jun. 2009.
[5] P. Hu, R. Karki, and R. Billinton, Reliability evaluation of generating systems containing wind power and energy
storage, IET Generat., Trans., Distrib., vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 783791, Aug. 2009
3.Distributed Power Generation

3.1 Development of Control Techniques in Shunt Active Power Filter
Students Name: Rakhee Panigrahi(Ph.D)
Supervisor Name: Prof B Subudhi, Prof P.C. Panda
Objectives
To develop different control strategies in Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) to provide an adequate dynamic behavior under
consideration of grid perturbations
Control strategies :
Hysteresis controller (HC) and Dead beat (DB) Controller
Sliding Mode Current (SMC) controller
Model Predictive based current controller (MPC)
40
8/29/2014
Ls
Rs
is
Functional Structure of SAPF Hysteresis and
iL
Rc
Vs
iL
Vs
ic VDC
ic
Lc
Dead beat Current Controller:

VDC
is
iL
Control Block Diagram using Hysteresis(HC)
'
DC
control (DBC) method
i +
+
i
i + ie
C
V
+
DC
ic
*
ref
V1 P
Vs
Control Block Diagram using Dead Beat
iC 2
VDC
is
iC 1
DC
i V
1P
II
V
S
Simulation
Results
300
30
A m plitude(A )
Voltage(V)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
0.02
Time(s)
0.04
-30
0
0.06
(a)
A m p llitu d e(A )
Volta
age(V)
200
150
100
0.1
0.15
Time(s)
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
30
300
250
0.05
50
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-30
0
0.05
Time(s)
(b)
(a) Capacitor voltage and compensating waveforms in DB method
(b) Capacitor voltage and compensating waveforms in HC method
Time(s)
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8/29/2014
Sliding Mode Controller

Rs isabc
Ls
VS
va
vc
LOAD
i Labc
vb
Lf
Rf
vdc
iFabc
PWM
vdc
i sabc
PI CONTROLLER
SLIDING MODE
CONTROLLER
i sm
i sabc
MULTIPLIER
U abc
va
vb
vc
FUNDAMENTAL ESTIMATION
AND
UNIT VECTOR GENERATION
USING PROPOSED RECKF
REFERENCE GENERATION
Structure of SMC based SAPF
Simulation Results
Voltage((V) and Current(A)
Source Current
Source Voltage
KF
100
50
0
-50
50
-100
Voltaage(V) and Current(A)
150
150
50
0
-50
-100
-150
0
-150
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.25
Time(s)
1.5
1.75
2.25
Source Current
Source Voltage
EKF
100
0.25
0.5
0.75
2.5
50
0
-50
-100
0.5
0.75
1.25
Time(s)
(c)
1.75
1.5
1.75
2.25
2.5
150
Voltage(V) and Current(A)
Voltage(V) andd Current(A)
Source Current
Source Voltage
ECKF
100
0.25
1.5
2.25
2.5
(b)
(a)
150
-150
0
1.25
Time(s)
Source Current
Source Voltage
RECKF
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.25
Time(s)
1.5
1.75
2.25
2.5
(d)
Source voltage and source current waveforms in SMC based SAPF for (a) KF, (b) EKF, (c) ECKF, (d) RECKF
42
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Structure of MPC based SAPF
vdc
vdc
PI
Controller
va
vb
vc
Unit vector
Generation
using
KalmanFilter
ism
MPC
isabc
i Switching Sa
S
state b
S
i Selector c
I Fabc +
I Labc
I Sabc
i (k + 1)
i (k + 1)
i (k ) vdc
Predictive
abc
Model
i ( k )
Experimental Implementation with dSPACE1104 board
(a)
(b)
(a) Experimental Setup, (b) dSPACE1104 CLP board
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Future Plan
1. The Shunt Active power filter applications can be extended to multiple actions such as hybrid filter, STATCOM, unified power
quality conditioner (UPQC).
2. The control strategy of SAPF can be extended in nonlinear framework such as nonlinear H-infinity filtering, nonlinear quadratic
Gaussian controller and the estimation approaches can be extended to Unscented Kalman filter,
filter Particle filter.
filter
References
[1] J. M. Kanieski, R. Cardoso, and H. A. Grundling, Kalman filter based control system for power quality conditioning
devices, IEEE Trans.on Industrial Electron., doi:10.1109/TIE, 2012.
[[2]] K. H. Kwan,, P. L. So,, and Y. C. Chu,, An output
p regulation-based
g
unified ppower qqualityy conditioner with Kalman filters,,
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electron., vol. 59, pp.4248-4262, Nov. 2012.
[3]
M. Rivera, V. Yaramasu, and J. Rodriguez, Model Predictive current control of two-level four leg inverters-part II:
experimental implementation and validation, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 34693478, Jul. 2013.
[4] N. Gupta, S. P. Singh and R. C. Bansal, A digital signal processor based performance evaluation of three-phase four-wire
shunt active filter for harmonic elimination, reactive power compensation and balancing of non-linear loads under non-ideal
mains voltages, Elect. Power Compon. Syst., vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 1119-1148, 2012.
[5] A. Chandra, B. Singh, and B. N. Singh, An Improved Control Algorithm of Shunt Active Filter for Voltage Regulation,
H
Harmonic
i Elimination,
Eli i i
P
Power-Factor
F
C
Correction,
i
andd Balancing
B l i off Nonlinear
N li
L d IEEE Trans.
Loads,
T
P
Power
El
Electron.,
vol.
l 15,
15
no. 3, pp. 495507, May. 2000.
Publications
[1] R.Panigrahi, P.C.Panda and B.Subudhi, A Robust Extended Complex Kalman Filter and Sliding Mode Control based Shunt
Active Power Filter, Electric Power Components and Systems, vol.42,no.5,pp.520532, 2014.
[2] R.Panigrahi,
R Panigrahi P.C.Panda
P C Panda and B.Subudhi,
B Subudhi Comparison of Performances of Hysteresis and Dead Beat Controllers in Active
Power, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, IEEE ICSET 2012, Kathmandu, Nepal, 24-27
Sep 2012.Kathmandu.
44
8/29/2014
[3] R.Panigrahi, P.C.Panda and B.Subudhi, New strategy for generation of reference current in active power filters with
distortion in line voltage, IEEE Conf. Madras, 2012
[4] P.K.Ray and B.Subudhi, Ensemble Kalman Filtering Algorithm applied to Power System Harmonics Estimation, IEEE
Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement , vol.61, no.12, pp.3216-3224, 2012
[5] B. Subudhi, P. K. Ray and S. Ghosh, Variable Leaky LMS Algorithm Based Power System Frequency Estimation IET
S i
Science,
M
Measurement
t & Technology,
T h l
vol.6,
l 6 issue
i
4 pp. 288-297,
4,
288 297 2012
[6] P.K.Ray and B.Subudhi, BFO optimized RLS algorithm for Power System Harmonics Estimation, Applied Soft
Computing (Elsevier), 12 (2012) 19651977
3.2. Development of Real-time Estimation and Filtering Algorithms with Applications to

Distributed Generation
Student Name: Aurobinda Bag (PhD)
Supervisor Name: Prof B.D.Subudhi, Prof P.K. Ray
Objectives and work layout

To develop efficient and robust nonlinear estimation algorithms in nonlinear framework for power system frequency and harmonics estimation of
an AC Micro-grid comprising of two Renewable Energy Sources such as PV and WES.
To utilize the developed estimation algorithms for designing active power filters of the Micro-grid system and to verify the techniques using
MATLAB and OPAL -RT.

To implement the developed estimation and filtering algorithms on the hardware (Microgrid, Active Filter).
WORK LAYOUT
The project intends to analyse and develop advanced filter solutions based on combinations of passive filters and active filters. The use of
passive filters is almost standard for harmonic mitigation; therefore, the primary focus is to develop active filter solutions. For the active
power filters, the power electronic converters already present in the hybrid energy system.
45
8/29/2014
The objective is to have an optimized combination of active and passive filter. At present the harmonic mitigation is mainly
achieved by large passive filters in the wind turbines and at the grid connection substation. In addition to reviewing this
approach, use of active filters either in combination with the existing and/or new passive filters will be investigated.
References
[1] Damoun Ahmadi, Jin Wang, Online Selective Harmonic Compensation and Power Generation With Distributed Energy Resources
IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, no. 7, pp.3738-3747, July 2014.
[2] Koen J. P. Macken, Koen Vanthournout, Jeroen Van den Keybus, Geert Deconinck, and Ronnie J. M. Belmans,Distributed Control of
Renewable Generation Units With Integrated Active Filter IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, no. 5, pp.1551-1561, Sep 2004.
[3] R. Chudamani, K. Vasudevan and C.S.Ramalingam Real time Estimation of Power System Frequency using nonlinear Least Squares IEEE Trans. on
Power Delivery, vol. 24, no.3, pp. 1021-1028, 2009.
[4] H. Akagi, A. Nabae and S. Atoh Control Strategy of Active Power Filters Using Multiple- Voltage Source PWM Converters", IEEE Trans. on Ind.Applicat.
Vol.1, no.3, pp. 460-465, May/June 1986.
Laboratory Development
46
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Laboratory Development
Renewable Power Generation Control Lab
Wind Energy Conversion System(WECS)
PV System
MNRE
10 KW PV Module
Specification:
(A) Wind Energy Control System
1. Wind Turbine and Generator
2kW DFIG generator with a PMSM based wind turbine emulator
2. Voltage source inverters:
(i) To feed the PMSM
(ii) To be connected to the output of DFIG for grid connection
3. Programmable Power Source:
(i) dsPIC based PWM Controller
(ii) Voltage Source Inverter
4. RTDS (Real Time Simulator)

5. Sensors:
(i) Temperature sensor
(ii) Air speed sensor
(iii) Speed sensor
3. DC-DC Converter 2kW:
(i) dsPIC Based PWM Converter
(ii) Voltage Source Inverter
(iii) DC to DC Bidirectional buck boost converter for charging the battery
4. Bi-directional Converters:
(i) 4 Nos of high speed IGBT or MOSFET semiconductor devices are to be used
(ii) 4 Nos of isolated high speed driver circuits are used
(iii) 2 Nos of hall effect current tranducers used for sensing the input and output of the converter current
(iv) 2 Nos of hall effect voltage tranducers used for sensing the input and output of the converter voltage
(v) In boost mode input is 100v and output is 300v
47
8/29/2014
(vi) In buck mode input is 300v and output is 100v

(vii) Power rating is 200w
(viii) dv/dt protection is available for all IGBT (snubber circuit)
(ix) dsPIC 4011 digital controller is used for generating the gate signal for IGBT with over load protection
5. VSI inverters:
(i)VPE SPARTAN 3A/3A DSP BOARD
(ii) Voltage source inverter 2 nos
6. Data acquisition
Data acquisition system
FPGA Based high speed data acquisition system with anti-aliasing filter
7. Non-linear load
(i)Diode rectifier(1200V, 60A)
(ii)3 KW resistive load with 9 selector switch
8. Battery
nos. of 12V, 200A per hour battery is connected in sensing to get 100V DC output
9. Wind Energy Emulator

(i)Energy Emulator using DC motor coupled with 1kW slip ring induction motor
(ii)Dc shunt moor coupled with 1kW slip ring IM with sensor set up.
(iii)VPE Spartan 3A/3A DSP Board
(iv)Power module for DFIG
(v)Shunt active filter
10. Voltage source inverter
Under Process
100 Kw PV System
MNRE Solar Insolation recording setup
48
8/29/2014
Thank You
49

COE NIT Rourkela

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8/29/2014

Coordinator: Prof. Bidyadhar Subudhi

Funds Received and Utilisation

Detailed Expenditure of CoE-Renewable Energy Sources as on

Amount of Expenditure as on 15th June 2014

Control of PV and Wind Energy Systems, Smart Grid

PhD (IIT Kharagpur)

Heat Transfer, Cryogenic Engineering

Power Electronic Drives, Vector Drives and Torque

Nonlinear Dynamics in Power Electronics Circuits

Decentralized Control, Robust control and Time-delay

Sl. No. Name of the Scholar

Basant Kumar Dash

Development of New Parameter B.Subudhi

Active and Reactive Power Control of

Name of the Supervisor(s)

Synopsis is over and

Active & reactive power control of grid B Subudhi

Since July 2013

Active Power Filtering with application to

Since Jan 2013

G.Panda & B.Subudhi

Since Jan 2013

PhD students hired by CoE

Active and Reactive Power Control of Wind Energy System

Control of Wind Energy System

Advertisement for new PDF, PhD and M.Tech

Research Foci of the CoE

2. Wind Energy Conversion System and Control

3. Distributed Power Generation

Some Sponsored Research Funding Secured

Estimation & Filtering with

Study of power quality

Sponsored Research Funding Applied

Development of New Estimation

Development of Grid Integration

ask sandip two more projects

PhD Theses Awarded

STANDALONE AND UTILITY APPLICATIONS

MTech Theses Awarded

MTech Theses Awarded (Contd.)

Journal Publications from CoE

Short Term Courses by CoE

write some more for example your publ

Research Works of the CoE

Block diagram of PV system prototype

Prototype Experimental Set-up of the PV Control system

Prototype experimental set-up of the PV system

Vi Microsystems Spartan-3A DSP Trainer Kit with

(a) Parameter Extraction Problem Formulation

Proposed Hybrid NRM parameter extraction

Method I(NRM),Method II(Comprehensive method), Proposed Hybrid NRM

Proposed BFO parameter extraction algorithm

BFO technique is better than PSO technique

Proposed Hybrid NRM parameter extraction and BFO parameter

Computational time (s)

(b) MPPT Problem Formulation

PV system with MPPT

Proposed Autotuning based Adaptive MPPT (ATAMPPT)

Real time Simulation Results

Observation: Auto-tuned PID-controller can track the reference MPP

Tracking time and voltage fluctuation are less in case of ATAMPPT

Gain margin (GM) = 40dB

PV system with ATAMPPT is stable