Y
CONTINUIDAD
EJERCICIOS
RESUELTOS
II.1
x2
< 2?
a)
b)
c)
SOLUCIN:
Por la definicin de valor absoluto se tiene
( 2 , 0.5 )
b)
' ( 3 , 0.75 )
c)
SOLUCIN:
a)
87
b)
c)
Tomando en cuenta los teoremas sobre lmites y sobre operaciones con lmites, calcular
los lmites siguientes.
II.3
lm
x3
( x 2 2 x + 5 ) = xlm
x 2 lm ( 2 x ) + lm 5 =
3
x3
x3
= lm x
x3
=(3)
II.4
lm ( 2 ) lm x + lm 5 =
x3
x3
x3
2( 3 ) + 5 = 9 6 + 5 = 8
lm x lm 9
lm x 9
x2
2
x2
x 9 x2
4 9 5
=5
lm
=
=
=
=
x2 x 3
lm ( x 3 )
lm x lm 3
23
1
2
x2
II.5
lm
x 1
x 3x + 5x + 1
x2
x2
lm x lm ( 3 ) lm x + lm 5 lm x + lm 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1 x 1
x 1
13+5+1 =
88
4 =2
II.6
lm
x 4
x2
x2
II.7
x 4
lm
x2 x 2
f ( x ) = x 2 2b x ,
Si
lm
donde
44
=
2 2
es
0
= 0
4
constante,
obtener
f (x+h) f (x )
h0
SOLUCIN:
= lm
h0
f (x+h) f(x)
h
( x + h ) 2 2b ( x + h ) x 2 + 2b x
= lm
=
h0
h
x 2 + 2 x h + h 2 2b x 2b h x 2 + 2b x
= lm
=
h0
h
2 x h + h 2 2b h
= lm
=
h0
h
= lm ( 2 x + h 2 b ) = 2 x 2 b
h0
Calcular los siguientes lmites, que por simple sustitucin dan la indeterminacin
2
II.8
lm
x2
x 4
2
x x2
= lm
x2
(x+2)(x2)
x+2
4
= lm
=
x2 x +1
( x +1) ( x 2 )
3
II.9
( x 2)2
x 2 4x + 4
= lm
= lm ( x 2 ) = 2 2 = 0
lm
x2
x2
x2
x2
x2
II.10
lm
x5
x 2 10 x + 25
25 x 2
= lm
x5
0
0
x5
( x 5)2
0
= lm
=
= 0
x
5
( x5)( x+5)
( x+5)
10
89
II.11
( x 1) ( x 1)
x 2 2x + 1
x 1
= lm
= lm
= 0
2
x 1 ( x 1 ) ( x + 1 )
x 1 x + 1
x 1
lm
x 1
II.12
2 x + 3x 2
( 2x 1) ( x + 2 )
1
5
lm
= lm
= lm ( x + 2 ) = + 2 =
1
1
1
2
2
2x 1
2x 1
x
x
x
2
II.13
1
+2
x+2
7
3x + 5x 2
( 3x 1 ) ( x + 2 )
3
lm
lm
lm
=
=
=
=
2
1
10
1 3x
1 ( 3x 1 ) ( x + 3 )
1 x + 3
+ 8x 3
x
x
x
+3
2
II.14
3x
+x2
+ 4x 4
lm
2x x 6
3
2
2x2 + 9x + 9
lm
x
3
4
4x 7x + 3
2
8x 2x 3
2
+1
x +1
5
( 3x 2 ) ( x + 1 )
3
= lm
= lm
=
=
2
8
2 ( 3x 2 ) ( x + 2 )
2 x + 2
x
x
+2
3
II.16
3x
lm
x
II.15
x2
( 2 x+3 ) ( x2 )
= lm
=
( 2 x+3 ) ( x+3 ) x 3 x+3
= lm
x
3
2
= lm
x
3
4
3
2
34
1
2
=
=
3
3+6
9
+3
2
( 4x 3 ) ( x 1)
=
( 4x 3 ) ( 2x + 1)
x 1
= lm
=
3 2x + 1
x
4
90
3
3 4
1
1
1
1
4
= 4 =
=
=
3+ 2 3+ 2
2( 5 )
10
3
2
+1
2
2
4
II.17
lm
x4
x4
x 2
= lm
x4
x +2
= lm
x4
II.18
lm
x0
9 x 3
(
2 )(
(x4)
(
lm
x0
lm
x
3
2
4x 9
lm
x
3
2
(x4)
x +2
x4
x4
4 +2 = 4
)(
9x
= lm
9 x +3
9 x +3
x0
II.19
)=
x +2
9 x 3
= lm
8 x 3 27
x +2
+ 3
)=
9 x9
lm
x0
9 x +3
1
1
=
6
3+3
8 x 3 27
2
4x 9
lm
x
3
2
( 2 x 3 ) ( 4 x 2 + 6 x + 9)
( 2x 3) ( 2x + 3)
4x2 + 6x + 9
lm
3
2x + 3
x
2
( ) + 6 ( 32 ) + 9
3
2(
+3
2 )
3
2
91
9+9+9
=
3+3
3(9)
=
3(2)
3
2
II.20
x 8
2 +
2 +
1 x 3
3
1 x 3
lm
)(
1 x 3
(2 +
)(
( x+8)
3
1 x + 3 x 2 2
( x+8)
lm
x 8
1 x 3
2 +
3 2
1 x + 3 x 2
x2 2
1 x + 3
= lm
II.21
lm
x 1
x 1
= lm
x 1
II.22
= lm
x 0
sen 3 x
4x
x +4
1+8 + 3
)( 1 +
( x 1) 1 +
x +4
=
1 x + 3
x2 2
1 x
( x 1) 1 +
(4 + 4 + 4)
12
=
= 2
3 +3
6
1
(
lm
x 1
x +4
x2 2
x 8
3 2
x + 4 ( 1 x 9 ) x 2 3 x + 4
=
( x +8 )
1 x +3
x + 4
x +
x2
x +
x +
x2
x 1
)=
1
= lm
3
sen 3 x
3
3
lm
= (1) =
4 x 0 3x
4
4
92
x2
1+
x +
=
3
x2
1
3
II.23
lm
x 0
1 cos x
( 1 cos x ) ( 1 + cos x )
1 cos x
= lm
= lm
=
x
0
x
0
x
x ( 1 + cos x )
x ( 1 + cos x )
2
sen x
sen x
sen x
0
= lm
= lm
lm
= (1)
= 0
x 0 x ( 1 + cos x )
x 0
1+1
x x 0 1 + cos x
II.24
lm
cos 1
= lm
( cos 1 ) ( cos + 1 )
sen
= lm
= lm
0
0
( cos + 1 )
II.26
lm
x0
lm
cos + 1
1
1+1
1
2
1 cos x
( 1 cos x ) ( 1 + cos x )
1 cos 2 x
x = lm
lm
= lm
x 0 x sen x
x0
x 0 x sen x ( 1 + cos x )
x sen x ( 1 + cos x )
x0
= lm
( x+2
x0
lm
x0
cos 2 x 1
= lm
x2 + 4x
x0
cos x 1
sen x
sen x
1
1
1
= lm
=
=
lm
x0
x sen x ( 1 + cos x )
x x 0 1 + cos x
1+1
2
sen x
x2 4x
= lm
+
x0 x
II.28
( cos + 1 )
sen x 1 1
tan x
= lm
= =1
x0
x
x
cos
x
= lm
II.27
= lm
( cos + 1 )
sen
II.25
cos 1
sen x + 4 sen x
x
sen x
4 sen x
+
= lm x + 4
x
x x 0
= lm
x0
= lm
x0
93
lm sen x + 4 lm
x0
= lm
x0
x0
sen x
=4
x
cos 2 x 1
( cos 2 x 1)( cos x +1)
x2 6x + 4
= lm
2x2 + x 7
2
Dividiendo numerador y denominador entre x , queda:
2
1
1
1
1
1 6 + 4 2
lm 1 6 lm + 4 lm
x x
x x
1 6(0) + 4(0) 1
x
x = x
lm
=
=
x
+
2
0
7(0)
2
1
1
1
1
lm 2 + lm 7 lm
2+ 7 2
x
x x
x x
x
x
II.30
lm
3x 2 5x + 2
x3 + 4x2 6
3
Dividiendo numerador y denominador entre x se obtiene:
2
1
1
1
3 5 + 2
x
x
x = 3(0)5(0)+ 2(0) = 0 =0
lm
3
x
1+ 4 ( 0 ) 6 ( 0 )
1
1
1
1+ 4 6
x
x
II.31
lm
3x
+1
2x 4x + 7
1 3
4
2
x 3x + 1
lm
= lm
x
x
2x34x+7
1
2 4
x
,
4
1
1
+
1 3( 0 ) + 0
1
x
x
=
= =
3
4
2 (0) 4 (0) + 7 (0)
0
1
1
7
+
x
x
94
II.32
Para la funcin
x 2
f (x) =
x 2
Calcular los lmites laterales en x
si
x < 1
si
x > 1
SOLUCIN:
lm
x 1
f ( x ) =
lm+ f ( x ) =
x 1
Como
lm
x 1
lm
x 1
lm+
x 1
f ( x )
= 1
= 1
f ( x ) , el lmite lm f ( x ) no
lm
x 1+
x 1
existe.
II.33
Dada la funcin
x
+ 1
g(x) = 2
2
(x 2 )
Calcular lm
x2
si
x 2
si
x > 2
g ( x ) si es que existe.
SOLUCIN:
Como x 1 = 2 es el valor de x donde cambia la regla de correspondencia,
deben calcularse los lmites laterales en ese punto
2
x
+ 1 =
+1= 2
lm g ( x ) = lm
2
x2
x2 2
lm g ( x ) = lm ( x 2 ) 2 = ( 2 2 ) 2 = 0
x2+
x2+
x tiende a 2 .
95
II.34
4 x 2
f (x) =
x 2 + 2
si
2 x < 1
si
1 x 2
SOLUCIN:
La funcin es continua en el intervalo
ser entera. Hay duda en x
2
f (1) =1 + 2 = 3
lm
x 1 +
[ 2 ,
1 ) y en el intervalo
[1,
por
= 1
lm f ( x ) = lm
x 1
x 1
(4
) = 4 1 =
3,
x 1
x1
x1
continua en x
[ 2,
].
GRFICA 1
II.35
Dada la funcin:
96
x2 + 2 x + 2
f ( x ) = x2 4
x 2
Investigar su continuidad en el intervalo
si
3 x < 0
si
0 < x 4
[ 3 ,
[ 3 ,
0 ) , luego es continua en l.
y trazar su grfica.
SOLUCIN:
La funcin es entera en el intervalo
En el intervalo
(0,
4 ] la funcin es racional y
continua en ( 0 , 2 )
Como f ( 0 )
(2,
f ( 2 ) no existe, entonces es
4 ].
x2 = 2
GRFICA 2
II.36
x2 + 1
f (x) =
1
sen
97
si
3 x < 0
si
0 < x <
si
x < 3
SOLUCIN:
La funcin es continua en
La funcin es continua en
La funcin es continua en
Hay duda en
f (0) = 1 ;
= 0 y x
Continuidad en
x0
Continuidad en
( x2 +1 ) = 1,
lm
x0
luego existe lm f ( x ) = 1 y
continua en
= 0
f ( x) =
lm
x0
lm
x0+
f ( x ) = lm + ( 1 ) = 1 ,
x0
lm f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) , as que la funcin es
x0
= 0
2
=1
= 1 ; lm f ( x ) = lm ( 1 ) = 1 ; lm + f ( x ) = lm + sen
x
x
x
x
2
2
entonces, como lm f ( x ) = lm + f ( x ) , existe lm f ( x ) = 1 y
f ( ) = sen
98
[ 3,
= se
3)
1 + sen x
f (x) =
2
2 ( x 1)
3
x 0
2
si
si
0 < x 3
SOLUCIN:
El dominio de la funcin es D
= , 3
2
(
continuas. En 0 , 3 ] la funcin es continua por ser polinmica. Hay duda en
x1 = 0
f ( 0 ) = 1 + sen 0 = 1 ,
lm
x0
f ( x ) = lm ( 1 + sen 0 ) = 1 ,
x0
lm f ( x ) = lm+ 2 ( x 1 ) 2 = 1 como
x0
x0 +
lm f ( x ) = lm+ f ( x ) = 1 ,
x0
x0
x0
99
= , 3
2
II.38
x
f (x) =
x 2 4 x + 6
si
x a
si
x > a
SOLUCIN:
f ( a ) = a ; lm f ( x ) = lm ( a ) = a , lm + f ( x ) = lm +
xa
xa
lm f ( x ) = a 2 4 a + 6 ;
xa +
a2 5 a + 6 = 0
= 2
Grficas
( x 2 4x + 6 ) =
f ( x ) = lm + f ( x ) a = a 2 4 a + 6 ,
xa
( a 2 ) ( a 3 ) = 0 , a1 = 2 , a 2 = 3 .
a2 = 3
5
xa
lm
xa
xa
100
II.39
Determinar el valor de k
continua.
f (x) =
4
x
3
si
x 0
cx 2
si
0 < x 2
3
2
si
x > 2
SOLUCIN:
Las reglas de correspondencia son polinmicas, luego corresponden a una
funcin continua, solamente hay que aplicar las condiciones de continuidad en
x 0 = 0 y x1 = 2
En x 0 = 0
f (0)=k
Como
debe
4
(0)=k ;
3
lm f ( x ) = k ;
x0
lm f ( x ) = C ( 0 ) = 2
x0 +
lm f ( x ) = lm + f ( x )
tenerse
x0
x0
para
que
exista
lm f ( x ) , entonces k = 2 , as que lm f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) = 2
x0
x0
En x 1 = 2
f ( 2 ) = C ( 2 ) 2 = 2 ( C 1) ;
Ahora, lm
x2
f ( x ) = lm
x2
cual lm f ( x ) = f ( 2 ) =
x2
lm f ( x ) = 2 ( C 1 ) ;
x2
f (x)
C 1=
lm + f ( x ) =
x2
3
7
, luego C =
, con el
4
4
3
. La funcin continua en IR queda:
4
2 3 x
7
x2
f (x) =
4
3
2
101
3
2
si
x 0
si
0 < x 2
si
x > 2
Grfica
II.40
Dada la funcin y = x 3 x + 7 , x
= 2 , x
= 2 . 1 , calcular los
incrementos x y y
SOLUCIN:
x = x 2 x 1 = 2.1 2 = 0.1
y 1 = 2 3 3 ( 2 ) 2 + 7 = 8 12 + 7 = 3
y = y
y 1 = 3.031 3 = 0.031
102
II.41
= 5.00 m a D 2 = 4.96 m ,
SOLUCIN:
La longitud de la circunferencia es C = D
Tomando
= 3.1416
C1 = D1
= 3.1416 ( 5 ) = 15.7080 m
C2 = D2
II.42
= 2.00 m se
incrementa 3 cm .
SOLUCIN:
El volumen de la esfera es V =
V1 =
4
r 3 , r 1 = 2.00 , r = 0.03 m
3
4
4
r 31 =
( 3 . 1416 ) ( 2 ) 3 = 33 . 5104 m 3
3
3
4
4
( 3 . 1416 ) ( 2 . 03 ) 3 = 35 . 0411 m 3
r 22 =
3
3
II.43
f ( x ) = x 2 3x + 1
x .
SOLUCIN:
Se debe demostrar que
lm
x 0
y = 0
x IR
= ( x + x )2 3 ( x + x ) + 1 ( x 2 3x + 1 )
= x 2 + 2x x + ( x )2 3x 3 x + 1 x 2 + 3x 1 =
= 2x x + ( x )2 3 x
lm y = lm 2 x x + ( x ) 2 3 x = 2 x ( 0 ) + 0 3 ( 0 ) = 0
x 0
x 0
Se cumple que
lm
x 0
y = 0
104