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zsgxD.tDR

24

13

21

30

11

15

18

12

83

16

64

59

24

73

70

73

19

13

17

34

20

31

26

18

23

289

60

208

21

242

47

100%

21%

72%

7%

84%

16%

6.1 w>rl;w>&>tpXvXtuJxD.to;ohoh.wz.

w>pH.nD.wJm tpXtvXtySJRvXt[JxD. 'D;b.w>xH.M>tDRwz.vXw>rl;w>&> vX'Ju0DREGHbh.vXm tzDcd.< w>


pH.nD.wJmtpXtvXtySJRvXt[JxD.'D;b.w>xH.M>tDRwz.td.zsg'ftzDvmtod;tHRvDRI
'Ju0DRuD;bh.'J;w>rl;w>&>tpXvXt[JxD.wz.;
1Iw>xXEkmtDRvXw>'k;CmtylR
2IqJ;pkrk>usX>'D;[h.w>tX.vDRtDvDRvXwrRur.0JvXRb.I
35

3IySRrRur.w>pH.zsd;
4Iw>w[H;M>*h>0Db.
5It*kmt*Rwz.(w>[h.phtD.vd;qlpH.nD.yDwhrhwrh>w>[h.vHmvDRzS.)wz.M.vDRI
6Iw>*h>w>usdRqJ;vJR'H;'.to;tzXrk>
pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXtywD>xD.b;t-uX;'D;uXuD.
y[h.ul.[h.z;vXytd.'D;w>tX.vDRwl>vdmwz.vXyySRw0XtylR 'D; v XySRw0X tgzk tylR b.C;pH.nD.yDw ht
w>rRtw>tpX[JxD.rEkRwz.vXtrh>w>vXtb.bsD;b.'gvXt-uX;0Jb.0JvXySRvXrRw>pkql.cD.wu;xD
'gqlySRt*Rt*D>vJ.t*h>M.vDRI
6.2.

vXteH.(30)twD>ylR<unDydmrk.u&X'due.w>qlunDb.uDb.cJydmrk.ydmrXRwz.vXtuJxD.b.ySRwl>b.
w>vX twl>b.w>pkql.cD.wu;wz.M.vDRI ydmrk.wz.pH;0JvXzJw>xH.M> ydm cGgwz.vXtrRur.w>vXtrh>
w>olw>pkql.cD.wu;M.'D;w>ub.pH.nD.tDRM.vDRI w>pH.nD.ub.pH;b.tDRvXtw>ouJ;y0;vXtrh>
w>olw>pkql.cD.wu;vXtrR0JvXySRw0X'DwzkngtylRtHR wrh>w>vXw>wl>vdmtDRohM.b.I w>yXw>qSXvX
w>[h.w>pH.nD.tHRub.rh>w>vXt&SJ'D;w>wb.ym'h.ymur.ydmrk.wz.cDzsdvXw>rRur.wz.tHRtCd'f
vJ.'fvJ.t*h>M.b.I vXw>[h.w>pH.nD.M.trJmng w>tusdRtusJub.rh>w>wcgvXtywkmuGHmtDRvXt
okwrRur.tgxD.w>pkql.cD.wu;qlrJmngw*hRt*D>M.vDRI rh>ohrh>b.w cD zJw>vD>wylRv>v> vXtuJxD.
o;oh0JtvD>M. w>tHR w>ub.rRvXxD.ySJRxD.tDR cDzsdw>rR*hRxD.'D;w>ulpg,gbsg tw>ouJ;y0;tHRM.vDRI
b.q. w>tHRrh>wnDwbSgb.wcD w>uolusJ vX trh> < cDzsd zd;oJp; w>zD.uXRu,m'ftrh>w>}wDtDRvXtokw
[Jbl;qlydmrk.ttd.'D; td.pDRpkR'D;ydmrk.rhwrh>tokw[Jqlydmrk.t[H.tCDylRw*hRM.vDRI w>pH.nD.yDwhtpX
vXt[JxD.tHRub.rh>w>wcgvXtrRpXRydmrk.vXurRbsguhRw>vXtwl>b.cD.b.0Jwz.vXeD>cdrh>*hR<eD>o;
rh>*hR t'd=ySRrRur.w>tvD>td.vXub.tX.vDRtDvDRuhRto;vXtrR ur.w>'D; Chun;uhRw>vXySRb.rl
b.'gwz.trJmng<rhwrh>t0Jub.[;'D;vJRtd.vJRqd;uhR0JvXw>vD>t*RwwDRM.vDRI
vXydmrk.ydmrXR 'D;ySRw0X'Dwzkng uwl>b.0JvXylRylRzsJ;zsJ;t*D> w>tHRwrh>w>vXw>ySJR vX'd;M>b. w>pH.nD.yDwh
tpX{dRM.b.Irhrh>wcDvXu'd;M.b.w>pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXtb.bsD;b.'gvXtusdRtusJb.b.M.vDRIw>
pH.nD.yDwhvXtusdRtusJb.'D;b.bsD;b.'gub.rh>w>wcgvXw>[h.tDRxDbd<'D;ySRud;*R'J;uG>tDRoh<w,m
'D;e>yX> 0Jv X w>pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXt[JxD.0J tHR w>rRtDRwkRxD.xD.b;vX usJ'fvJ.t*h>M.vDRI pH.nD.yDwh tpX
vXt[JxD.b.bsD;b.'gvXw>rRur.uDG>rh.wcg*hRwcg*hRt*D>ub.rh>w>vXttd.'D;w>[h.yvD>'D;w>u
wdRtDRvXt*h>tusdR'D;w>[h.w>pH.nD.vXySRrRur.w>t*D>M.vDRIw>tpXvXt[JxD.t0JtHRub.rh>w>vX
b.*D>vXtwtd.'D;w>uG>rJmb.M.vDRItcDynDw>tpXvXt[JxD.tHRub.rh>w>vXw>qXwJmtDRCH;CD.
'D;<w>ur.'d.*hRqH;*hRw>ub.[h.w>pH.nD.'ftrRur.0Jtod;vXt-uX;uXuD.'D;tDRvXtwtd.'D;w>uG>
rJmeDwrHRb.M.vDRIw>pH.nD.wz.ub.rh>w>vXttd.'D;tywD> 'D;wb.rh>w>wcgvX ttd.'D;w>uG>wvDR
rhwrh>eD>w*Rtw>uG>rJmM.b.Iw>oh.wz.M.ub.rh>w>vXttd.'D;t*h>tusdRvDRwH>vDRqJ;'D;rh>w>eD>eD>
M.vDRIpH.nD.yDwhtpXvXt[JxD.tHRub.rh>w>wcgvXttd.'D;w>ydmxGJxD.vXt&SJwz.w>vXw>rh>wrR
vXxD.ySJRxD.tDRb.'D;w>uwD.zsgxD.u'guhRtDRt*D>M.vDRIt'd=w>tX.vDRwl>vdmtd.0J'.vXw>ub.
[h.0Jw>ydmxGJb.q. w>rh>wrR'fw>qXwJmtd.tod;b.'D; w>ydmxGJurh>w>'fvJ.t*h>M.vDRI vXM.trJmng
pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXty.Ckm'D;w>pH.nD.'D; w>bSDrR*hRxD.w>&J.w>usJRtHR w>ub.[H;M>w>rReD.rRCgtvX
tySJR'D; w>ub.[h.ul.[h.z;[H;pkeJ.usJuhRbl;bl;wH>wH> 'fod;w>urRvDRwH>uhR0JvX w>tHRw>rRvXxD.ySJR
xD.tDR*hR*hRt*D>M.vDRI
6.3 w>vXb.w>wD.zsgxD.tDRqlpH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJ
vX w>ymzsgwbh.tHRtylR w>rl;w>&> (289)rl; tusg w>rl;w>&> (242) rl; vXtrh> (84%) b.w>wD.zsgxD.tDRvX

pH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJM.vDRIw>rl;w>&>vXtrh>eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;rh>*hR<eD>o;w>pkql.cD.wu;rh>*hR<cHrHR
vXmrh>w>wz.vXteD.*H>tg0J'd.r;vXw>wD.xD.zsgxD.tDR(85-87%)'D;oGH.xH;'D;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;vX
36

t*kRt*Rwz.b.w>wD.xD.tDRqlpH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJxJpSRcgvXteD.*H>eD.'G;td.0J(67%)M.vDRI w>rl;w>
&>wz.tgwuh>w>wD.zsgxD.tDRql'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh'D;teD.*H>eD.'G;td.0J( 87%)M.vDRIw>rl;w>&>pSRudmcg
vXb.w>wD.xD.tDRqluFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhtd.ph>uD;0J'D;teD.*H>eD.'G;td.0J(13%)M.vDRI
Table 6.3: w>rl;w>&>cJvXmvXb.w>wD.xD.tDRqlpH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJ

1
2
3

w>rl;w>&>tuvkm

w>rl;w>&>cJ
vXmvXw>wD.
xD.tDR

'Ju0DRpH.nD.
yDwh

uFD.wJ.pH.nD.
yDwh

w>rl;w>&>
cJvXmvXw>
xH.M>tDRwz.
teD.*H>

w>rl;w>&>trs;u,R
vXw>wD.xD.tDR
wz.

Sexual Violence
Physical Violence
Other SGBV
Totals
Percentages

52
176
14
242

27
171
13
211
87%

25
5
1
31
13%

60
208
21
289

87%
85%
67%
84%

6.4. w>rl;w>&>vXb.w>[H;xD.zD.xD.tDRvX'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh

vX'Ju0DREGHbh.vXmtylR w>rl;w>&>vXb.w>wD.xD.tDRqlpH.nD.yDwhttd.cJvXm(242)cg< vXtrh>w>rl;w>


&> (87%)w>rl;w>&>vXb.w>wD.xD.tDR tusgvXtrh>(211)cgtHR b.w>[H;xD.zD.xD.'D;bSg&SJtDRxJ'.vX'J
u0DRpH.nD.yDwhM.vDRIyxH.b.vX=
u0DR'hywD>[H;xD.zD.xD.w>rl;w>&>40%.
vXu0DR'd.ywD>[H;xD.zD.xD.w>rl;w>&>60%.
w>rl;w>&>(44%)vX'Ju0DREGHbh.vXmtylRw>pH.nD.tpX[JxD.0J'.vXySRrRur.w>'d;M>b.w>
pH.nD.qXwJmvXub.td.0JvXw>'k;CmtylR
w>rl;w>&> (36%)vX'Ju0DRud;bh.'J;tylR w>pH.nD.tpXxD.0J'.vXySRrRur.w>b.[h.w>tX.
vDRtDvDRqJ;vDRtrHRvXw>tX.vDRtDvDRtvHmylR< 'D;b.tX.vDR0JvX twrRur.u'D;0JvXRb.M.
vDRI
w>rl;w>&>vXttd.wh>(20%)wcD vXw>CkxH.M>tylR ySRrRur.w>pH.zsd;uGHm<'D;w>w[H;M>*h>0D
b.<'D;b.[h.phtD;vd;<rhwrh>w>[h.tDRvHmvDRzS.M.vDRI
zJyxXzSd.w>rl;w>&>oh.wz.tHRteD.*H>eD.'G;tqXuwD><w>rl;w>&>vXtvJRto;tzXrk>wtd.0J
eDwcgb.M.vDRI
vHmwdRCh 6.4: w>rl;w>&>wz.cJvXm'D;'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh
w>rl;w>&>tu
vkmwz.

1
2
3

oGH.xH;w>pkql.
cD.wu;
eD>cdw>pkql.cD.
wu;
oGH.xH;w>pkql.
cD.wu;t*Rwz.
cJvXm
trs;u,RcJvXm

w>rl;
w>&>
cJvXm

'Ju0DRpH.nD.
yDwhtywD>
'Ju0DR xJu0DR u0DR'h
pH.nD. 'hywD> <u0DR
yDwh
'd.<
teD.*H>
'Ju0DR
cJvXm

w>vXtpX[JxD.wz.

cJvXm

u=
w>'k;
CmvX
'Ju0DR
ylR

c=
pJw>
tX.
vDRtD
vDR

*=
ySRrR
ur.
w>pH.
zsd;

C=
w>w
[H;*h>
0Db.

i=
t*km
t*R

60

27

19

10

27

208

171

69

102

80

61

10

13

171

21

13

13

289

211

84

127

92

75

13

13

18

211

100%

40%

60%

44%

36%

6%

6%

8%

100

37

vXw>rl;w>&>t'dtwJmvXw>CkxH.M>wbsDtHRtylR yxH.b.vXtlyF.'Ju0DR rh>'Ju0DR wbh.vXt


xXEkmySRrRur.w>wz.qlw>'k;CmtylRteD.*H>tguwX>M.vDRI yrh>ymvDRqDtlyF.'Ju0DReD.*H>eD.
'G;vXw>rRM>tDRwz. 'D;'Ju0DRt*RCkbh.vX txXEkmySRrRur.w>qlw>'k;CmtylR teD.*H>eD.'G;
M.'D; yuxH.b.vXeD.*H>eD.'G;vXw>xXEkmySRrRur.w>qlw>'k;CmtylR uzsgxD.0JpSRudmzd'D;eD.
*H>eD.'G;eD>eD>vXtlyF.'Ju0DRwcD rh>w>vXteD.*H>tg'd.M>'H;w>vXtzsgxD.vXvHmwdRCheD.*H>(6.4) 'f
ttd.zsgvXx;tod;M.vDRIvXw>uxd.o}wDRuG>w>tpXvXt[JxD.vXtl;yF.'Ju0DRwz.'D; 'Ju
0DRt*RCkbh. w>pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXt[JxD.wz.t*D> uG>b.vXvHmwdRCheD.*H> (6.7) 'fttd.zsg
vXvmtod;M.wuh>I

6.5. w>rl;w>&>wz.vXb.w>[H;xD.zD.xD.tDRvXuFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwh
w>rl;w>&>t*R(242)cgvXb.w>wD.xD.tDRqlpH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJwz.M.<( 13%)M.b.w>[H;xD.zD.
xD.'D;bSg&SJtDRvXuFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhM.vDRIw>rl;w>&>( 25)vXtrh>oGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;<eD.cdw>pk
ql.cD.wu;(5)cg'D;oGH.xH;w>pkql.cD.wu;t*kmt*Rwz.(1)cg<w>rl;w>&>cJvXmtd.0J(31)cgM.vDRI

yxH.M>b.vX=
tgwuh>w>rl;w>&>vXb.w>[H;xD.zD.xD.tDRvXuFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhwz. rh>oGH.xH;w>pkql.cD.
wu; w>rl;w>&>wz.M.vDRI ( w>rl;w>&>cJvXmtusgvXtvJRqluFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhtusg (80%)
M.vDRI)
eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;teD.*H>xJpSRudmb.w>[H;xD.zD.xD.tDRvXuDF.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhM.vDRI
w>rl;w>&>vXb.w>bSg&SJtDRvXuDF.wJ.pH.nD.yDwh(58%)M.w>[h.ySRrRur.w><w>pH.nD.vXu
b.td.vXw>'k;CmtylRvXuD>uDF.wJ.tCdmylRM.vDRI
zJyxXzSd.w>rl;w>&>teD.*H>eD.'G;tqXuwD> w>rl;w>&>vXtqJ;rR'H;to;tzXrk> utd.0J(19%)
C.C.M.vDRI
w>rl;w>&>vXttd.wh>(23%)wcD<pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXtxD.tusgy.Ckmph>uD;'D;ySRrRur.w>b.
w>xk;uGHmtrlt'gvXy'd.w>rRtylR rhwrh> pH.zsd;uGHm rhwrh> w>w[h.tDRw>pH.nD.eDwrHRb.I rhw
rh>w>woh.ngw>pH.nD.tpXb.wz.M.vDRI
vHmwdRCheD.*H>6.5: w>rl;w>&>cJvXm'D;uDF.wJmpH.nD.yDwh
w>tpXvXt[JxD.wz.
'Ju0DR

1
2
3

oGH.xH;w>pk
ql.cD.wu;
eD>cdw>pkql.
cD.wu;
oGH.xH;w>pk
ql.cD.w
u;t*Rwz.
cJvXm
trs;u,RcJ
vXm

w>rl;
w>&>cJ
vXm

uDF.wJ.
pH.nD.
yDwhcJvXm

u=w>'k;
CmvX
uFD.wJm
CdmylR

c=xJ *=ySRrRu C=ySR


'.[h. r.w>b. rRu
phtD.
w>xk;
r.w>
vd;
uGHmrl'g pH.zsd;
vXy'd.
uGHm
w>rRtylR

i=w>
w[h.
w>pH.
nD.

p=w>
rl;w>
&>qJ;
vJRto;

q=w>
rl;w>&>
w>w
oh.ng
b.tpX

60

25

15

208

21

289

31

18

100%

58%

0%

7%

10%

3%

19%

3%

38

6.6. w>[h.xD.w>xH.'D;w>yJmxHedRcDwz.

(u)IoHG.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;tuvkmwz.trs;u,RvXw>xH.M>tDRvXw>CkxH.M>wbsDtHRM.rh>w>
wz.vX tvDR*mvdmto;'D; w>rl;w>&> trs;u,RteD.*H>eD.'G;vXunDydmrk.u&XxXzSd.0JvX[H.td.u'k'D;
oGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;tw>wdmusJR tylRvXw>qXuwD>twuDG>wuwD>CDvdmo;M.vDRI(w>qXuwD>
zJ (2011-13)eH.M.vDRI vXw>rl;w>&>(600)cgC.C. vX ySRwl>b.w>td.0Jqd;0JvXunDydmrk.u&X[H.td.u
'kylR rhwrh>vXt[H.'.0Jwz.M. yxH.M.b.tDRvXeD.*H>eD.'G;trs;u,Rwz. w>vDR*mvdmo;td.0J'd.'d.rk>
rk>vXw>CkxH.M>wbsDtHRM.vDRI(73%)rh>eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;w>rl;w>&>wz.<(21%)rh>oGH.xH;w>pkql.cD.
wu;wz.<(6%)rh>oGH.xH;w>pkql.cD.wu;vXt*Rwz.M.vDRI w>CkxH.M>teD.*H>eD.'G;vXtzsgxD.0Jwz.
'D; rh>w>vXtvDR*mvdmo;'ftHRtzDcd. rh>w>wcgvXtymzsgxD.w>tpXvXt[JxD.wz.tHRrh>w>wz.vXtrh>
w>rh>w>wD'D;w>eD>eD>M.vDRI
(c)Iydmrk.wz.td.'D;w>ol.yd>o;0;'D;o;rkm0JvXuCkxX0JvXuwD.zsgxD.b.w>pkql.cD.wu;tuDG>rh.w
z.ql'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh (87%)vXw>CkxH.M>tylR)M.vDRIrh>vXoGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;wz.tgwuh>
b.w>[H;M>rl'gvX 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhwz. 'D; w>tHR uJxD.w>*h>w>usdRwcgvX w>u[H;M>rl'gvX w>uywkm qd
oHG.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;tw>rR[;*lm[;*DRtHRvXunDb.uDb.cJ'Ju0DRtylR'D;urh>w>wcgvXtrR
ql.xD.w>cDzsdw>urRtgxD.w>td.,XRwz.vXttd.ympXRwz.vXurR*hR'd.xD.'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhtusdRt
usJt*D>M.vDRI
(*)I pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXt[JxD.wz.tw>CkxX rh>w>wz.vXttH.0J'd.r;vXoHG.xH;rk.cGGgw>pkql.cD.wu;
w>rl;w>&>wz.t*D> vXuFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwh'D;'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhcHrHRvXmtylRM.vDRI usdRusJvXw>uCkxX tDRt
*D> wtd.tgv>uJ.qd;b.'D; tg'.w>wuh> rh>w>wz.vXtrh>pH.nD.yDwhtw>cDqX vXtwb.bsD;b.'gb.
vXw>pkql.cD.wu;t*D>M.vDRIvXuFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJrhrh>w>CkxXusJwbdvXtrh>w>wqH;wuh>
wcgvX b.w>rRtDRohtod;'.vJmM.< vX'Ju0DRylRph>uD; vXw>urRtgxD.usJvXw>CkxXtDRuohoh.wz.
td.0JtgrHRM.vDRI
(C) Iw>rl;w>&>wz.td.0Jtgr; vX b.w>[H;xD.zD.xD.tDR vX 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh 'D; w>[H;xD. zD.xD. w>tHR
w>olusdRusJvXwb.bsD;b.'g<t*H>p><'D;wtd.zsg&SJb.'ftrh>w>pJrHRvXw>tX.vDRtDvDRtvHmylRvXwrRu
r.0JvXRb.M.vDRI(vXw>rl;w>&>(36%)tylRw>rl;w>&> (75)cgtHRxJ'.ySRrRur.w>b.tX.vDRtDvDRto;<
vXcHwrR0JvXRb.{dRM.vDRIw>tX.vDRtDvDRt0JtHR'k;uJxD.w>pH.nD.vXcHuwX>wcgvXySRrRur.w>t*D>xJ
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47

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6.
7.

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48

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24

25

18

20

60 cg

24
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1
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25
42%

7
12%

0
0%

7
12%

18
32%
8
14%

2
66%
0
0%

20
33%
8
13%

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57 =cg

'Ju0DRl
UM =3

'Ju0DRcJvXm(7)
bh.=60cg

24 = 42%

1 = 33%

25 = 42%

33 = 59%

2 = 66%

35 = 58%

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51

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vDRwJmuGHmM.vDRI w>tHRtcDynDrh>0J ySRrRur.w>tHRylRzsJ;uGHm0JvXySRw0XtylRvXwtd.'D;w>ydmxGJeDwcgb.
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uhR0Jql 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhM.vDRIw>qSXvDRu'guhRw>rl;w>&>wz.tHRw>*h>w>usdRrh>0J=
w>tk.uDRwtd.vXvXySJRySJRvXy'd.yD>&Dtw>vdmbXvdmuDG>vXw>utX.vDRw>ur.t*D>b.<vX
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vXtrh>w>'k;td.xD.w>o;'h'DvXw>rl;w>&>tHRtzDcd.M.vDRIw>tHRrh>w>t&h'd.'d.r;vX'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhtHR
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b.q.oemuh < tw>rl;w>&>tHR rhrh> uDG>rh.vX w>usJRClusJRzd;tDRwM.b.wcD 'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh tHR w-uX;v X
ub.[H;xD.zD.xD.0Jb.<'D;w>rh>qSXcd.cHu'guhRql'Ju0DRtylR'.vJmwb.[H;xD.zD.xD.0Jb.IzJ'Ju 0DRpH.
nD.yDwh[H;xD.zD.xD.w>rl;w>&>'ftHRwz.w>[h.t0Joh.w>eJ.usJwqH;wuh>'D;w>rRvd.xD.z;xD.w>t
w>qD.xGJrRpXRvX'Ju0DRpH.nD>yDwhwz.rh>w>vXtuDtcJM.vDRIt0Joh.rh>w[H;xD.zD.xD.w>*h>tHRb.'D;
52

uJxD.u'D;vXt0Joh.ysJydmrk.ydmrXRwz.vXtuwl>b.'.0Jw>vXtwtd.'D;pH.nD.yDwhtpXeDwrHRb.'D;ySR
rRur.w>tHRw>ysJuvDtDR'D;w>wpH.nD.tDRb.M.vDRItg'.w>wuh>M.ySRrRur.w>wz.b.w>oh.ng
tDRvXydmrk.wz.'D;b.oh.oh.rh>'.ySRw0Xwz.rhwrh>rh>ySRvXttd.'D;w>pdw>urDRvXtrh>uFD.wJ.xHzduD>zd
wz.M.vDRIt0Joh.rh>[H;xD.*h>0D'D;t0Joh.w>td.,XRtd.'.wqH;wuh>'D;wrh>w>vXw>ySJRb.'D;w>tHRnD
Ek>uJxD.uhRto;ohvX pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXw>wb.bsD;b.'gb.'D;bd;u'guhRw>rl;w>&>tHRqlw>'d.'d.rk>rk>
M.vDRIvXw>rl;w>&>vXySRrRur.ur.w>wtd.'D;w>[H;M>rl'g vXtw>ol w>pkql.cD.wu;tzDcd.b.'D; w>
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xD.uhRw>'d.'d.rk>rk>wkR'.vJmpH.nD.yDwhtpXvXwb.bsD;b.'gb.cHrHRvdmtHR ydmrk.wz.b.td.0JvXw>ysHR
w>zk;tylR'D;w>rRw&DwygtHRrh>w>wcgvXw>b.wl>b.cD.b.tDRvXw>yXRol.yXRo;tylRvXySRw0XtylRM.
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wh[h.tDRw>pH.nD>vXub.td.vXw>'k;CmtylRvX(7)vgtwD>ylRySJRySJRM.vDRIvXySRunDw0XylRwuG>uym
uGHmb.C;w>tJ.bXwcgtHRb.<'D;rh>Sw>wcgvXySRunDwz.ymol.ymo;0JCHmCD.'D.wcgtod;yxH.b.
vXw>pH.nD.t0JtHRCXwvXvXw>tHRt*D>vX'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwhwz.[h.tDRM.vDRIw>pH.nD.vXw>rl;w>&>
vDRvDRqDqD'ftHRwz.t*D>'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh[h.tDRw>pH.nD.tw,X>CXM>'H;w>rRw&Dwygw>rl;w>&>tw>
pH.nD.M.vDRIw>tJ.bXtHRrh>w>wcgvXw>ymyeD.tDR 'ftrh>w>rRysHRrRzk;ql[H.zdCDzdwz.'D;w>tHRw>wl>vdm
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pH.nD.tw,X>CXM>'H;ySRvXttJ.bXw>wz.M.vDRI
(7)xJ'.oHG.xH;w>pkql.cD.wu;w>rl;w>&>oXcgvXty.CkmvXw>CkxH.M>w>tylRtHRvXtl;yF.'Ju0DRM.
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7.6 oHG.xH;w>pkql.cD.wu;tw>pH.nD.yDwhtpXcJvXmvX'Ju0DR(7)bh.tylR

vXw>CkxH.M>w>wbsDtHR ySRvXtrRur.oHG.xH;w>pkql.cD.wu;(60%)C.C. vXunDb.uDb.cJEGHbh.


tylR'd;M>pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXwb.bsD;b.'gb.rhwrh>w'd;M>0JeDwpJ;b.td.ph>uD;0JM.vDRI w>oh.wz.tHRrh>
pH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJtw>cDqXw>ohw>b.*H>p>tw>tk.uDRwz.vXw>rl;w>&>'d.'d.rk>rk>vXtrh>oGH.xH;
w>pkql.cD.wu;wz.tzDcd.M.vDRI

53

Table 7.6:oGH.xH;w>pkql.cD.wu;wz.vX'Ju0DR(7)bh.tylR

'Ju0DR'D;uFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhtpXcJvXm
oGH.xH;w>pkql.
cD.wu;

w>tpXvXt[JxD.wz.

'Ju0DR(7)bh.
w>rl;w>&>
(60) cg

w>rRw&Dwyg
w>usJ;pX;rRw&Dwyg'D;
oGH.xH;w>rRy,GJ
trl;t&>cJvXm
(60) cg

w>xXEkmqlCdmylR
[h.w>tX.vDRvXwrRur.0JvXRb.I
w>tpXvXt*kmt*Rwz.
wwD.xD.qlpH.nD.yDwhb.
cJvXm
w>rl;w>&>vXw>xXEkmqlCdmylR
w>rl;w>&>tpXcJvXmvXwb.bsD;b.'gvXtrh>
w>rl;w>&>t*kmt*Rwz.cJvXm

25

42%

12%

20

33%

13%

60

100%

25

42%

35

58%

w>[h.ul.[h.z;v Xwb.bsD;b.'g'D;cd.csXvdmo;wz.v Xzd;oJp;w>rRtusdRtusJtylR vX t[h.xD.uhRw>


tpXqlpH.nD.yDwhtpX vX wb.bsD;b.'gb.M.vDRI unDb.uDb.cJurH;wHm tw>od.w>oD ( 39)xH.tHR }wD
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wJ.b.rlb.'gwz.ttd. ? M.vDRI (MDRG) w>eJ.usJ wbh.M. ymvDR0J'.vX w>rh>rRw&Dwyg w> 'D; /w>x X
EkmtDRqlCdmylRrhwrh>w>'k;CmtylRtHRM.wrh>w>tpXvXt[JxD.tusgwcgvXw>rRur.w>vX'Ju0DRylRt
w>qXwJmtusdRtusJ{dRb.I?(and makes plain)?ySRwl>b.w>rh>tJ.'d;0JvXySRrRur.w>tHRw>ub.pH.
nD.tDR cDzsdw>xXEkmvDRtDRqlw>'k;CmtylRwcD(w>rh>xH.M>vXtrRur.w>)t0Jydmrk.rhwrh>ydmcGgub.CkxX
0JvXub.vJR0JqluFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhtusdRtusJM.vDRIw>rl;w>&>'ftHRtod;wz.ub.rh>w>wcgvX?t
td.vXtd.ySJR'D;w>tk.uDR/M.vDRI
cDzsdw>'k;td.xD.oGH.xH;rk.cGGgw>pkql.cD.wu;w>rl;w>&>wz.'d;oMRxD.to;vXySRwl>b.w>tw>qXwJm
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xXEkmtDRvXCdmylR<)wuD>cgw>td.o;cJtHRtd.zsgxD.0J'.vXw>ub.CkxXxD.ySRvDRvDRqDqDw*RvXu0HxD.
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vXttd.vX'Ju0DRylR wz.tw>td.o;M.b.Iydmrk.ydmrXR'D;zdo.ydmrk.wz.td.'D;*H>cD.xH;ySR [D.cd.zd
tcGJ;t,mvXtub.ylRzsJ;'D;w>pkql.cD.wu;vXtymCkm'D;oGH.rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;wz.xJttd.0JwylR
v>v>M.vDRI xHuD>vXtwl>vdm tDRwz.'D; xH*kmuD>*R cX.p; vX b.w>CkxXxD.tDR wz. td.'D; trlt'gvX u
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vXw>[H;M>rl'gvX'Ju0DRwz.t*D>vDRwH>vDRqJ; 'D;t0Joh. td.'D;rl'gvX ub.rRvDRwH>vXw>zH;w>rRwz.tHR
ub.w>rRtDR*hR*hRb.b.'D;ub.vJRto;b.bsD;b.'gM.vDRI

54

8. eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;
eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;w>rl;w>&>teD.*H>cJvXmtd.0J( 289)cgvXw>CkxH.oh.ngwbsDtHRtylRM.vDRIeD>cdw>pk
ql.cD.wu;tHR rh>w>wcgvXtnDEk>rRto;thuwX>vXoGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;vXydmrk.wz.wl>bl.0J
vX'Ju0DR(7)bh.tylR(72%)vXw>rl;w>&>cJvXmtusg)'D;vXeD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;tylR [H.ylRCDylRw>pkql.cD.
wu;rh>w>wcgvXtnDEk>uJxD.to;tguwX>M.vDRI
vXw>vDRCkxH.oh.ngwbsDtHReD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;td.0J(4)uvkmM.vDRI
1. [H.ylRCDylRw>pkql.cD.wu;A][H.ylRCDylRw>pkql.cD.wu;b.w>rRtDRvX[H.zdCDzdwz.(nDEk>
b.w>rRtDRvX0R<rhwrh>y>M.vDRI)w>rl;w>&>(92%)
2. eD>cdw>rRy,GJ]eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;b.w>rRtDRvX[H.zdCDzd(4%)
3. w>oHqSK.rJmuJRrJmA]w>rRoH'D;w>oHvXttd.'D;w>qdurd.vXtuJxD.to;vXw>wcgcgvX w>
wrHRrHRtzDcd.<w>xH.M>tDRvXw>rl;w>&>(3)cgtylR<(1%)
4. w>pkql.cD.wu;vXttd.'D;w>rRysHRrRzk;]w>rRysHRrRzk;vX w>uolw>pk ql.cD.wu;'d.'d.rk>rk>xD
'gySR<vXw>td.'D;w>emoyS>wX>vXuuJxD.<'k;td.xD.w>ysHRw>zk;'d.'d.(3%)
8.1.eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;w>rRo;cJvXmteD.*H>eD.'G;
[H.ylRCDylRw>pkql.cD.wu;<eD.*H>e.'G;cJvXm(92%)w>rl;w>&>(192)cgrs;u,R'D;w>pkkql.cD.wu;tHR

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bsD;b.'gb.M.vDRI'D;w>rl;w>&>( 24%)b.w>[h.vDRtDRqlu0DR'hywD>'D;bSg&SJ0J'D;tpX[JxD.vXwb.
bsD;b.'gM.vDRI
vXtlyF.'Ju0DRylR w>rl;w>&> (93%)vXtrh> w>rl;w>&>(65)cg 'd;M>w>pH.nD.vX b.td.vXw> 'k;CmtylR 'f
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vXmtd.0J(12%)(138)cgtusg(17)cgM.vDRI
Table 8.5:eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;vX'Ju0DRt*R(6)bh.pH.nD.yDwhtpXvXb.w>xd.o}wDRtDR'D;

tlyF.'Ju0DR<'Ju0DRpH.nD.yDwh'D;uFD.wJ.pH.nD.yDwhcHcgvXmtzDcd.
eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;
eD>cdw>pkql.cD.wu;
(208)cg

w>rl;w>&>cJvXm'D;
trs;u,Rwz.

pH.nD.yDwhtpX

(138)cg

(6)bh.

tl;yF.'Ju0DR
(70) cg

'Ju0DR
(7)bh.vXm
(208) cg

w>xXEkmqlw>'k;CmtylR

17

65

82

[h.w>tX.vDRvX
vXcHwrRur.vXRb.
w>tpXvXt*kmt*RcJvXm
w>wwD.zsgxD.tDRb.
w>xXEkmqlw>'k;CmtylR
cJvXm
[h.w>tX.vDRvX
vXcHwrRur.vXRb.cJvXm

56

61

33

33

32

32

17 =
12%

65 =
93%

82 =
39%

56 =
41%

5=
7%

61 =
29%

59

w>tpXvXt*kmt*RcJvXm

33 =
24%

0=
0%

33 =
16%

w>wwD.xD.tDRvXpH.nD.
yDwhb.cJvXm

32 =
23%

0=
0%

32=
15%

cJvXmvX'Ju0DR
( 6)bh.vXm=
(138)cg

cJvXmvXtl
yF.UM=
(70)cg

cJvXm'Ju0DR(7)bh.
vXm= (208) cg

17 = 12%

65 = 93%

82 = 39%

121 = 88%

5 = 7%

126 = 60%

w>xXEkmqlw>'k;CmtylR
cJvm
w>[h.w>cDqXvX
wb.bsD;b.'gvX'Ju0DR
ud;bh.'J;tylRcJvXm

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8.6. w>[h.xD.w>xH.'D;w>yJmxHedRcD

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60

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61

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88

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1.(MDRG)?w>usJRClusJRzd;'D;w>bSg&SJuhRw>obH.bk.tvHmeJ.usJ/vHmy}wDm0HR0JzJ(2013)
2.?w>rRur.uDG >rh. wz.vXw>usJ R Cl usJR zd; wM>/unDb .uD b.cJ u rH; wH m w>od. w>oD < tD; uxd b X.
(2009)
3.unDb.uDb.cJurH;wHmw>od.w>oD(39)xH.b.w>uG>u'guhRtDRzJ(2011)eH.
4.?w>ur.rk>qh.rk>*DRwz./vHmy}wDmtHRb.w>rRtDRzJ(2009)'D;(2011)eH.
5.?w>tusdRtusJvXw>[h.w>pH;qXwbsDCD/vXoGH.xH;rk.cGgw>pkql.cD.wu;w>rl;w>&>wz.vXuD>uFD.
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6.w>rR*hRxD.w>usJRClusJRzd;'D;zd;oJp;tusdRtusJwz.(DMLS)vHmy}wDm(2009)
7.?pH.nD.yDwhvX 'Ju0DRwz.tylR tw>yXqSX&J.usJR vX uD>uFD.wJ.'D; uD>y,DRtqX /w>ymzsgvX b.w> uGJ; tDR
vX(Kirsten McConnachie).(2012).
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(Kirsten McConnachie).(2011).
9.?ydmrk.wz. tw>'d;M>b.w>cGJ;w>,mvX pH.nD.yDwh tusdRtusJ = ymzsgxD.w>vX ttd.zsg -wXRuvmwz.
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10.?w>zH;w>rRvXw>rRtDRwzSH.w0m vXtwtd.'D;w>uwJmuwDR'D; w>wb.bsD;b.'g = uD>uFD.wJ.tw>

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11.?ySR w0Xtw>Ch x D . ql (UNHCR)tw>zH ; w>rR<w>rRzsg xD . w>trd >vH R rd >yS >/( UNHCR)tw>eJ . usJ
(2008)I
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w>bH.w>bX(2000)
14.w>td.zSd.z;'d.w>qXwJmvXtb.C;'D;w>rRvDRr>uGHmw>tuh>t*DRwrHRv>v> vX w>uG>wvDR xD'gydmrk.
(CEDAW)
15.?bDrk>pXzSd.u&X*H>cD.xH;w>od.w>oDrd>yS>wz.vXb.w>oltDRvXw>rR*hRxD.uhRpH.nD.yDwh0JRusdRwz.
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(ICC)
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89

vHmbs;pJ= (4): w>uwdRtzk.vXb.w>oltDRvXw>ymzsgwbh.tHRtylRwz.


ARC

American Refugee Committee

AUSAID

Previous name for the Australian Government Aid Department (now called DFAT)

ARM/SOP

Automatic Response Mechanism/ Standard Operating Procedures for SGBV Cases in Karen

CBO

Community Based Organization

CCSDPT

Committee for Co-ordination of Services for Displaced People in Thailand

CJ

Camp Justice

CMWG

Camp Management Working Group

CSO

Community Service Order

DARE

Drug and Alcohol Recovery and Education

DFID

Department for International Development (UK Government)

DMLS

Development of Mediation of Legal Standards

INGO

International Non-Government Organization

IRC

International Rescue Committee

KnRC

Karenni Refugee Committee

KNU

Karen National Union

KRC

Karen Refugee Committee

KWO

Karen Women's Organization

LAC

Legal Assistance Centers (also IRC/LAC)

MAT

Mediation and Arbitration Teams

MDRG

Mediation and Dispute Resolution Guidelines

NGO

Non-Government Organization

PV

Physical Violence

RTG

Royal Thai Government

SGBV

Sexual and Gender Based Violence

SV

Sexual Violence

TBC

The Border Consortium (previously TBBC)

TJ

Thai Justice

UNHCR

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

90

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92

93

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