IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM)

e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN: 2319-765X. Volume 11, Issue 6 Ver. 1 (Nov. - Dec. 2015), PP 77-86
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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

Ahmed AlnajiAbasher
(Mathematics Department, College of Science and Arts /Shaqra University,Saudi Arabia)
Abstract.We show, if thenormsof S k areuniformly boundedon
pn

pn

for a bounded

pn

if and onlyifthereexists

, 1 < ,such thatthenormsin l

andtheclassical space l are equivalent. A "pointwise-bounded" family
of continuous linear operators from a Banach space to a normed space is "Uniformly bounded."
Stated another way, let be a Banach space and be a normed space. If is a collection of bounded linear
mappings of into such that for each, ; < , then : < .
Keywords:Banach space, characteristicfunction, linear mappings,Uniformly bounded.
r

I.
px

Introduction

A crucial difference between L

and the classical Lebesgue space is that
invariant under translation [1]. Moreover, there is a function f L p x which is not
provided p is continuous and non-constant.

px

is not, in general,
mean continuous

p x

Consider a discrete analogue l p of L p x . In[2] it is proved that under certain assumptions on p the
norms of shift operators given by
n

Ska

S k a n , S k a n

a nk ,

a ,

pn

areuniformlyboundedon l .Recallthat p neednotbeconstant.Asan

immediateconsequenceit
is
shownthatthenormsofaveragingoperatorsgivenby
1
= + +1 + + +1 , = ,

areuniformlyboundedon l ,too.
In this paper we prove the following assertion: Thenormsof S k areuniformly boundedon l p for a
n

pn

bounded p if and onlyifthereexists, 1 < ,such thatthenormsin l

[3].

pn

andtheclassical space l r are equivalent

II. Preliminaries
Let denotethesetofallintegersandletdenotethesetofallmappings : . Wewill alsodenoteelementsof
by= .Let
= ; 1 .
Denoteby = ; forany and
= ; < .
Letthesymbol
standforthecharacteristicfunctionoftheset

.Saythat
0

0for
and if foreach .
Let
,

each

; .

We recall thedefinitionofaBanachfunctionspace.
DEFINITION2.1. Alinearspace , , iscalled a Banach functionspace if there existsa
functional . : 0, withthe normpropertysatisfying :
(i)
if and only if < ;
(ii)
= for all ;
(iii)
if 0 then ;
(iv)
< for any ;
(v)
for any there is a positive constant such that

an ck a

for all a X .

n k

DEFINITION2.2.Let p .Denotefor the Luxemburgnormby

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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

Definethespace l p

= > 0;

1 .

by:

= ;

< .

inthecaseofconstantmapping

Remarkthatwewillusetheusualsymbols l and
1
in this case .

r

.Recall

that

LEMMA2.3.Thespace l p is aBanachfunctionspace.
n

DEFINITION2.4.Let, , andletbealinearmappingon .Wewillsaythatis boundedfrom l p into

n

q n

if

1 <.

LEMMA2.5.Let .Then

= ;

LEMMA2.6.Let, ,andletbealinear
positiveconstantsuchthat:

< .

mappingwhichmaps

into

itself.Letbea

Then
T

Proof.Assume

pn

max 1, c .

pn qn

1 .Thenitiseasyto

verify that

pn

an

and accordingtothe assumptionswe

n Z

have

Ta

max 1, c

qn
n

Then

n Z

max

Thisgives

max 1, c n

Ta
1, c

qn

qn
n

n Z

Ta n
max 1, c
n Z
c

qn

1.

max 1 , c

max 1, andthe resultfollows.

COROLLARY2.7.

Let

p, q B

T m m 1 a sequence of linear mappings such that

and

T m : . Let c 0 , a constant such that, if

an

pn

1 and,

Tm

max

1 , c~ where

pn

ma

qn

~
c , , then

n Z m 1

n Z

q n .

m 1

Proof.Lemma 2.6 implies that

T
ma

n Z m 1

qn
n

max

1 , c~

and

n Z m 1

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11617786

a
Tm

max
1
,
c

qn

n Z m 1

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T
ma

max

qn
n

1 , c~
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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

T
1 , c~

max

ma

n Z m 1

qn

M 1,

Where

~
c

1, c~

max

which gives the result.

LEMMA2.8.Let, andletbealinear
mappingwhichmaps
positivenumbersuchthat [5] .Thenthereexistsan suchthat

Proof. Since

into

itself.Let > 1bea

wehavean suchthatforany it is

1
>1.

Consideringonly1 < , wecanwrite

1<

from which it follows that

andtheproofisfinished [4].
COROLLARY2.9. If T m is a sequence of linear mappings, and T m : . Let c~ j 1 such
that E p n q n .

For a

we have

a
j

n Z

j 1

pn

1 and

n Z m 1

j 1

pn

Proof.For any 1

~
c j we have

n Z

ma

n Z m 1

j 1

j 1

j 1

j 1

1 and

1.

ma

~
c j.

qn

n Z m 1

ma

Then

pn

qn

T
ma

n Z m 1

qn

Therefore

n Z m 1

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j 1

T
ma

qn

~
c j.

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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

LEMMA2.10.Let, andletbealinearmapping
anumber > 1and suchthat

Then

.
Proof.Clearly ,

from

intoitself.

Assumethatthere

exists

Take <

1.Further

= > 0;

1 .

.Then

Consequently,

>

1.

III. Key assertions

Given weadoptthenotation = : > 0 .
DEFINITION3.1.Let .Wesaythat ifthere exists arealnumber c 0 suchthat

<.

(1)

Set
1
1+

; > 0 .

REMARK3.2.Itiseasytoseethat ifandonly if < and if andonlyif and .

LEMMA3.3. Let > 0 and be such that0 < for .Let .Then .
Proof. Letcsatisfy (1). Withoutlossofgeneralitywecanassume c 1 .Set d c .Letus estimate
k

Since0 < ,wehave = andusingthesimplefactthat = we obtain

<,

whichfinishestheproof.
LEMMA3.4.Let , satisfy < 1 , 0 . Then
1

1+

1. set
1 = ; 0 ,
1
2 = ; > ,

Proof. Let c satisfy (1) and assume

n bn

3 = ; .
Since1 , 2 , 3 arepairwisedisjointand1 2 3 = , we canwrite
1

Notethat,accordingto theassumptions, 1 forall .

Let 1 .Then1- 1and1 .Thus

= 1 + 2 + 3

(2)

1 .

(3)

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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

Let 2 .Then >

and1

and,consequently,

<

.Since1 > > 0

then

.Thus
1 1

2
1
Let 3 .Then0

,whichgives
1
1

1 1
.

(4)

And
3

1 1

This yields with (2),(3) and (4)

1 1
1+ 1+

Consequently,
1

1+

LEMMA3.5.Let , < 1.Thenthereexists , 0 ,

1

=.

Proof.Assumefirst
SetN0 = 1. Wewillconstructsequences

,and
1
0 <
2

0 < <1 (5)

0, , satisfyingforany
1

=1.

(6)

Accordingto theassumptionon , wehave

for all > 0 .

(7)

Thus, wecan find 1 such that

1
2

Then there exists a number 0 < 1 2such that

1

1.

=1.

0 < 1

Assumethatwehaveconstructedpositiveintegers1 < 2 < < andreal numbers1 , 2 , , such that

1
1

0 <
= 1 .
2
1 <

For = 1, 2, , . Accordingto (7),we canfind+1 suchthat

< +1

Thenwe cantake+1 suchthat

0 < +1

2+1

2+1

1.

+1

=1

< +1

whichproves (6).
Define by
1

if1 < .

Using ( 6 ) wehave

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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

Let us estimate

=1 1 <
1

by (5) it is 0 <
1
1
1

.Clearly ,

whichimplieswith (6)

1 for and . Since 1 2 1 we obtain

=1

1
2

1
2

=1

1+

=1 1 <

1+

1 =.
=1

1<

1 <

=1

1
=1.
2

Assumethat ( 5 ) isnotsatisfied. Since ,theset must be infinite. Thenthereexistsaone-toonemapping : . Set = , .Then andsatisfies ( 5).Thus,there exists , > 0, such
that
1 = .
1

Define

0
Now,it is easy tosee that
=

and
1

Thus,bsatisfies the desiredproperties,whichcompletestheproof.

IV. Equivalence of l p

norms

Letusdenoteby
Idtheidentityoperatoronandby
.Recallthat if Id < .
THEOREM4.1.Let, , .Then
.

Proof.L e t 1.. F o r e a c h s e t = , ,

.
= T h e n
Lemma3.4,wehave

the

imbeddingof

into

1and,accordingtoLemma3.3, .By

1+

andconsequently,usingLemma2.6
Id

1+

<

whichprovesthelemma [3].
THEOREM4.2.Let, and let

Then .
Proof.Assume .Set =

for .According toLemma 3.3,

. Moreover, <

1 for .Lemma3.5givestheexistenceof , 0 ,suchthat

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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

1

1 and
1

Set =

= .

, .Then

and

Which yields with Lemma 2.5. and the proof is complete [1].
THEOREM4.3. Let , . Thenthenormsinspaces l p and l q
.
n

are equivalentif andonlyif

V. Shift operators
In this section we showthattheuniformboundednessofshiftoperatorsisequivalent totheexistenceofareal
1suchthatthenormsinthespaces l p and l r are equivalent.
Let befixedinthis part.
DEFINITION 5.1. For each defineashiftoperator from intoitselfby
= , , .
Set
= ; .
LEMMA5.2.Let 1, )be such that the norms in the spaces l p and l r are equivalent . Then
<.
Proof.Let
c
satisfy 1
for
all
.
Let

= 1,we immediatelyobtain
bearbitrary.Since
2 .
Thus,D c 2 , whichfinishes theproof [1].
LEMMA5.3. Assume that
+1 0 .
n

Theneither S1 1 isunboundedon l p .
Proof.Accordingtotheassumptions,thereexists > 0suchthat
forinfinitelymanypositiveintegers1 < 2 < .Set
= ; +1 = ; +1 .
Theneither oris infinite.
Assumefirst that is infinite.Choose suchthat

1 1 < .
(8)
n

+1

Let: beone-to-onemappingandlet begivenby

, ,

=
0,

By (8) we have

<

=1

and
S1 a
nZ

pn

nZ

a n1

pn

an

p n +1

nZ

yp
n +1 p n

nP
1

= .

=1

T
hus,1 is unbounded.
If is infinitethenanalogously1 is unbounded,whichprovesthelemma.
As aneasyconsequencewe obtainthefollowinglemma.
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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

LEMMA5.4.Let < .Then
+1 = +1 = 0 .

LEMMA5.5.Let +1 = 0.Denote = , = .Let < .

Thenfor any >1 thereexists suchthat .

1

Proof.Let > 1 . Assume < .Let = and,

3

> 0 , be a sequencesatisfying

=1

= .

(9)

=1

Thenthere existN such that

(10)

=1

According to the assumption +1 = 0 , there are 1 , 2 , 2 > 1 + , such that for any
1 it is 1 + > and 2 + < + . Let be given by
1
1 + ; 1 ,
=
0
1 + ; 1 .
Set = 2 1 .By (9) , we have 1 and consequently ,

1 +

=1

1.

=1

Using (10) ,we obtain

1 ++

=1

ByLemma 2.10 wehave

2 +

=1

=1

,, whichprovesthe lemma.

As aneasyconsequencewe obtainthefollowing lemma.

LEMMA5.6. Let < . Thenexistlimits and .
LEMMA5.7.Let < . Then =
Proof. Set
= , = lim

Let .Without lossofthe generalitywecan assume > . L e t

1
1 . Let 0 < satisfy
3

(11)

> 1bean arbitraryrealnumber.Set =

1 and

=1

=.

=1

According to ( 1 1 ) and > thereis1 suchthat for 1 and + for 1 . Take

2 such that 2 > 1 a n d
2

=1

Let be given by

2 1 ,

=
0
Set = 1 + 2 .Since0 1for we obtain

=2

and

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=1

=1

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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

1

=2

Thus,byLemma2.10,

=1

=1

Givena realnumberwe keep thesame symbolforthe constantmapping: givenby r k r

forall .
LEMMA5.8.Let = = and let .Then for any > 1there is
such that .
Proof.

wehavebyLemma3.3that 1

Since

. ByLemma3.5thereis , 0 ,suchthat

= 1

set

(12)

Given denote
= ; . (13)
Let > 1beanarbitraryrealnumber.Fix suchthat

2 .

By ( 1 2 ) wehave0 1andduetothefactthattheset isfinitewecan choose > 0 with

1 +

(14)

Takingthiswecanfind 1 suchthat < + forall 1 .Set = 1 + . Then + < + forall

and,by ( 1 4 ) ,
+

Let begivenby

. (15)

Thenby ( 1 2 ) and( 1 5 ) we obtain

And

Thus , due to Lemma 2.10, We have , which proves the lemma.

and ..Then for any c > 1there is
LEMMA 5.9. Let = =

such that .
Proof. The proof is analogous to that of Lemma 5.8 and therefore we will proceed faster. Given c >

1 set = 1 . Since n , there is and such that

1

(16)

Where is givenby (13).Take > 0 suchthat

1

(17)

Find1 satisfying 1 .Set = 1 + . Define

By
=

Thenby ( 1 6 ) and (17) we obtain

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Uniform Boundedness of Shift Operators

and

Thus,dueto Lemma2.10, we have

,whichprovestheLemma.

LEMMA5.10.LetD < . Then there exists 1, ) such that the norms in

equivalent.
This Lemma with Lemma 5.2 immediately gives the following theorem.
THEOREM5.11. The following statements are equivalent:
(i)
D<;
(ii)
there is 1, ) such that the norms in and in are equivalent.

pn

and in

are

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