The Next Generation Automotive Network

- Updates of the related activities in Japan -

Hideki Goto
TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

September 19th, 2012

2nd Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology day

Agenda
1. Automotive Ethernet
2. Architectures for Ethernet Bus Systems
3. Ethernet Activities for Automotive Use in Japan

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

1/17

Evolution of Automotive Networks

Ethernet
Ultra high speed

10Mbps

High speed
10Mbps

Application of
CE technology

Research on 1Gbps
Research on 100Mbps
Next generation protocols
Basic research on Optic PHY

Increase of
data volume

Wireless technologies

FlexRay
5Mbps6 nodes

Mid speed

Fault tolerant bus for

fast/reliable applications

CAN
Device conformance

9.6kbps
2005

Improvement
of usability

ZigBee
etc.

Development

LIN

0.5Mbps

Event driven bus

as CAN replacement

Relaxation of CAN
limitations

More nodes/bus loads

Low speed

Wireless
Bluetooth

Real-time bus
as CAN replacement

2.5Mbps22 nodes

2.5Mbps

UWB
WiFi

Mass production

19.2kbps
2010

20xx

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

2/17

Brief History of TMCs Ethernet Development

Research on Residential Ethernet for in-vehicle networks
Evaluation of Ethernet AVB standardized in CE
Simultaneous transmission of audio and video streams

Enhancement required for automotive networks

Recovering from failure
Up to several tens seconds for recovery from failure
Difficulty in fail-safe (Inapplicable to automotive)
Best effort communications
No guarantee of latency time (Standard Ethernet)
Difficulty in real-time communications (Inapplicable to control systems)

Developed Automotive Ethernet that supports

Fail-safe functions and Real-time features
(Control systems and Multimedia)

Control systems

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

3/17

Our Contributions to Ethernet Standards

Short-term Goal
Automotive Ethernet features to be added on to AVB as Automotive profiles

Achievements
Toyota, Renesas Electronics and Broadcom jointly defined feature
enhancement and proposed as a white paper for fail-safe.

Short-term Plan
Along with the IEEE AVB Gen.2 concept of enhancing AVBs real-time
features, define & propose real-time requirements for control system networks.
(e.g. Latency 100usec5cable hops)

Future Goal

Propose requirements

Control Systems

Automotive Ethernet
Real-time features

Add-on

Automotive profiles
(Real-time requirements)

Replacement

IEEE standardized
Real-time

Multimedia

Automotive Ethernet
Fail-safe functions
Automotive Ethernet
Synchronization & QoS

Add-on

Automotive profiles
(White Paper submitted)

Automotive profiles
(White Paper submitted)

Replacement

Original Automotive Ethernet

Ethernet AVB

Now (Proposal done)

Ethernet AVB

Future (2014 or after)

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

4/17

Agenda
1. Automotive Ethernet
2. Architectures for Ethernet Bus Systems
3. Ethernet Activities for Automotive Use in Japan

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

5/17

Example of Backbone Network Architecture

Network example for control data transmission

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

6/17

Example of Network Architecture with Ethernet

Diagnosis
Infotainment

DLC
connector

(PC)

Ethernet
Switch

Info/HMI

RSE

H/U
ECU

G/W
ECU

ECU

ECU

Powertrain
ECU

Powertrain G/W

ECU

ECU

Chassis

FlexRay

ECU

Backbone

Central Gateway

CAN / Ethernet

Body G/W

Safety G/W

ECU

ECU

ECU

CAN / Ethernet

Body

CAN

Camera

Ethernet

ECU

Safety
ECU

Camera System

Radar/
camera

ECU

ADAS
(Advanced Driver Assistance)

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

7/17

Examples of Ethernet Applications

Camera System
ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System)
Right Camera

Right Radar

ADAS
Front
Radar

CAN

ECU

Stereo Camera

Display

Navi

Camera

ECU

ECU

ECU

CAN

Camera System
Left Camera

Left Radar

Ethernet
2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

8/17

Agenda
1. Automotive Ethernet
2. Architectures for Ethernet Bus Systems
3. Ethernet Activities for Automotive Use in Japan

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION

9/17

Ethernet Activities for Automotive Use in Japan

In April 2012 JASPAR established the
Next Generation High-Speed In-Vehicle Network Working Group
WG Structure
(https://www.jaspar.jp/english/index_e.php)

Participants from 26 companies

WG
Chair: Toyota
Co-chair: BOSCH Japan

Coordinator Team
WG Coordinator: Toyota

Application Team

Middleware/Data Link Team

Physical Layer/Wiring Team

Development Environment

Leader:
Fujitsu Semiconductor

Leader: Nippon Seiki

Leader: Denso

Leader: Vector Japan

Toyota
Honda
BOSCH Japan
DENSO
Clarion
Fujitsu TEN
Mitsubishi Electric
Renesas Electronics
Fujitsu Semiconductor
Sumitomo Electronics
YAZAKI
Toshiba Information System
Nippon Seiki
Micware
OTSL

Toyota
Honda
BOSCH Japan
DENSO
Clarion
NXP Semiconductor
Micrel Japan
YAZAKI
Toyoda Gosei
Furukawa Electronics
Sumitomo Electronics
Murata Manufacture
Toyota Central R&D Labs
Renesas Electronics

Vector Japan
ETAS

Toyota
Nissan
Honda
Isuzu Motor
BOSCH Japan
DENSO
Fujitsu TEN
Fujitsu Semiconductor
Renesas Electronics
Sumitomo Electronics
YAZAKI
Calsonic Kansei
Micware
OTSL

WG participation planned:
- Broadcom JAPAN
- Analog Devices
Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 10/17

Goals of the New Working Group

Definition of requirements for the next generation high-speed network
not only for infotainment systems but also for automotive control systems
Collaboration with related organizations (IEEE, AVnu Alliance, etc.)
Proposal of requirements

Short-term focus: Requirements for camera & infotainment network

Cooperation

JASPAR
Toyota

USCAR
Cooperation

Ford

Denso

Chrysler

Cooperation

Middelware

Honda

Nissan

GENIVI WG

Cooperation

(In-Vehicle Infotainment)

AVnu Alliance
Controller Standardization

GM

Improvement of real-time behavior

AVB Gen.2

Data Link Layer

Hyundai
Harman
Broadcom

AUTOSAR WP

Marvell

(Control Systems)

Micrell

OPEN Alliance SIG

Jaguar
Landrover

BMW

Legend:
=> OEM

Rene ele
Bosch

Freescale

NXP

Standardization of Physical Layer

Physical Layer

Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 11/17

WG Activities 1. Scope of Ethernet Technology

Apply and refer to existing standards & technologies (CE, IT)
while ensuring automotive reliability requirements

Control system SW
(Application)

Migrate

Control system SW
(Application)

Application PF
Middleware

Legacy Ethernet

Ethernet for Automotive

CAN (Legacy ECU)

Fail-Safe Policy

Middleware
(AUTOSAR)

Application
Concept
Application PF
Technology
Optimize for automotive

Middleware

Parts

Communication HW
(MAC, PHY)

Communication HW
(Controller,Transceiver)

Assure EMC
Tolerance

Communication HW
(MAC, PHY)

Wiring

2 CAN cables or only 1

Automotive
temperature conditions

Refer to Standards

Scope of Ethernet Technology Development

Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 12/17

WG Activities 2. Application Team

Goal
Definition of use cases & requirements for Ethernet applications

Focus
Definition of requirements for transfer rate, transfer format, propagation/transmission
delay, contents protection, security, etc. suitable for the target applications
LAN Architecture (provisional)

Ethernet

ChargingECU

Other protocols
OBD

Security, GW
Requirements

TCU

DCU

ECU

Physical Layer/
Architecture

CGW

DCU

DCU

DCU

Camera Unit

Amp
Front
Camera

ECU
Camera

Powertrain

Head Unit

ECU
Radar

ECU

Body

CGWCentral Gateway
DCUDomain Control Unit
ADASAdvanced Driver Assistance
RSERear Seat Entertainment

Player
(DVD/BD)
Front
Display

ECU
ADAS

ECU

Contents protection,
video coding, lip sync

Sensor

Chassis/Safety

RSE

Rear
Camera
Left
Camera
Right
Camera

Infotainment

Rear
Display
Rear
Display

Tolerable
Transmission Delay

Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 13/17

WG Activities 3. Middleware / Data Link Team

Goal
Definition of requirements for applying Ethernet protocols used in CE devices

Focus
Definition of network protocol architecture features
Definition of automotive requirements for each protocol layer
Application A

Application B

7: Application

4: Transport
3: Network
2: Data Link

Application D

Network protocol
architecture suitable for
target application

6: Presentation
5: Session

Application C

DoIP

SOME/IP
TCP / UDP

IPv4 / IPv6

DHCP

ARP

UDP
Automotive
requirements for each
protocol layer
IEEE Ethernet MAC

(OSI reference model)

Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 14/17

WG Activities 4. Physical Layer / Wiring Team

Goal

Definition of requirements for applying the Ethernet physical layer used in CE devices

Focus
Definition of requirements for harness, PHY chips and evaluation criteria

Legacy CAT5 100m

Evaluation
constraints

1 0 1 01 0 1 0 10 10

PC

PC

Physical Layer

CAN-UTP 15m

PHY

ECU

PHY

In-car

EMC etc

Wiring

ECU

ECU

Harness, connector
requirements

ECU

Scope of research (provisional)

Speed (bps)

Electrical

10G
1G
100M
10M

Optical
TBD

X (RTPGE)
X (IEEE)

X
X (depends on costs)

out of scope (no advantage)

Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 15/17

WG Activities 5. Development Environment Team

Goal

Requirements definition for a development environment suitable for automotive systems

Focus
Definition of requirements based on the investigation of Ethernet tools and related
specifications (e.g. FIBEX for Ethernet, industrial Ethernet)
Description format for common data
Re-programming
Requirements

Design Phase
System/Network

Signal Database

System Test Phase

Packet Log Data

Test Tool
Requirements

Network Simulation,
Network Analyzer
Requirements

Component Test Phase

Common Log Data
Format Requirements

Network Analyzer
Requirements

Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 16/17

Conclusion
Contributing our requirements to global standards
1. Automotive Ethernet

Importance of fail-safe functions and real-time features

Proposal to AVB to be added as Automotive profiles

2. Architectures for Ethernet Bus Systems

Suitability of Ethernet applications for in-vehicle networks

Consideration of multiple protocols handling and security

3. Ethernet Activities for Automotive Use in Japan

JASPAR Next Generation High-Speed In-Vehicle Network

Working Group Established this April
WG to define automotive requirements and to liaise with
other existing standardization bodies for global standards

2012 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 17/17