Summary of

Disorders
Category
Trauma & Stressors
Related Disorders

Name of Disorder
Reactive Attachment
Disorder

Disinhibited Social
Engagement Disorder

Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder

Acute Stress Disorder

Adjustment Disorder

Anxiety Disorder

Separation Anxiety
Disorder

Selective Mutism

Specific Phobia

Social Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

Agoraphobia

Generalized Anxiety
Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive
& Related Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder

Body Dysmorphic
Disorder

Hoarding Disorder

Trichotillomania (Hair
Pulling Disorder

Excoriation (Skinpicking) Disorder

Dissociative Disorder 1. Dissociative Identity

Positive Dissociative
Disorder
Symptom
2. Negative
Dissociative Symptom

Dissociative Amnesia

Depesonalization/
Derealization Disorder

Somatic Symptoms &

Related Disorder

Somatic Symptom
Disorder

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Conversion Disorder
(Functional Neurological
Symptom Disorder)

Factitious Disrder
(Munchausen Disorder)

Diagnostic Criteria

Required # for criteria

(a) Emotional withdrawal towards caregiver

(b)Social & Emotional Disturbance (c ) exp.
pattern of extremes of insufficient care
culturally inappropriate overly familiar
behavior with strangers, actively approach
& interacts with unfamiliar adults

(a) exposure to actual or threat (b)intrusion at least 2 or more of each criterion more
symptoms persistent avoidance of
than 1 mos
stimulus associated with traumatic event
6 years old and younger will be the
(d)negative alterations in cognitions and
age range for children's criteria of PTSD
mood (e) marked alterations in arousal and
reactivity associated with the traumatic
events

criteria similar with Post-Traumatic Stress

Disorder but short duration
(a)
intrusion symptoms (b) negative mood
Dissociative symptom (d) avoidance
symptoms (e) Arousal symptom

Present of at least 9 or more from any of

the 5 categories. 3 days to 1 mos after
the traumatic event

development of emotional and behavioral

symptoms in response to an identifiable
stressors, out proportion to severity, the
symptoms do not represent normal
bereavement.

occuring within 3 mos of the onset of the

stressors but not over 6 mos

Inappropriate and excessive fear / anxiety lasting 4 weeks to children and

concerning separation from those to whom adolescent and 6 mos more in adult
individual is attached

Failure to speak in specific social situations Disturbance at least 1 mos. Marked by

in which there is an expectation for
high social anxiety
speaking despite speaking in other
situation

fear/anxiety about a specific object/

lasting for 6 mos
situation, provokes immediate fear, actively
endured/avoided, out of proportion to the
actual danger
marked fear of anxiety about one/more
typically last for 6 mos
social situations in which the individual is
exposed to possible scrutiny by others
Cognitive ideation
that will be negatively evaluated by
humiliating, embarassing, offended by
others

recurrent unexpected panic attacks- abrupt at least 4 symptoms of panic attacks and
surge of intense fear or intense discomfort has been followed by 1 mos and has
that reaches a peak within minutes
worry about additional panics. Can
experience unexpected attacks known as
nocturnal panic attacks
Marked fear of anxiety at least 2 of the ff:
(1) using public transpo (2) being in open
spaces (3) being in enclosed spaces (4)
standing in line/being in crowd (5) being
outside of the home

escape might be difficult/ help might not

be available, require the presence of
companion. Lasting for 6 mos & more

excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive at least 6 mos with 3 symptoms. Only 1 is
expectation). Difficult to control the worry required for children, worry is about their
competence/ quality of their
performance.

Obession- recurrent and persistent

Features such as (a) cleaning, (b)
thoughts, urges or images that are
symmetry forbidden (d) harm
experienced at sometimes during the
(d)hoarding
disturbance, as intrusive & unwanted.
Compulsion - repetitive behavior/ mental
acts that the individual feels driven to
perform in response to an obsession accdg
to rules that must be applied rigidly.

Pre occupation w/ one or more perceived

defects/ flaws in physical apperance that
are not observable or appear slight to
others.
persistent difficulty discarding/ parting w/
possessions, regardless of their actual
value. Perceived need to save items.
Congest clutter active living areas &
substantially compromise their intended
use.
recurrent pulling out of one's hair resulting may be evident for mos to years. 12 mos
in hair loss. May occur in any region of the in adults and adolscent.
body in which hair grows. Triggered by
anxiety/ boredom, sense of tension.
recurrent skin picking resulting in skin
lesion. Most common face, arms and hands.
Pimples, calluses/ scabs from previous
picking.
disruption of identity having two/ more
distinct personality, may be describe in
some culture as an experience of
possession.
Marked
discontinuity in sense of self and sense of
agency.

12 mos prevalence

Inability to recall important

authobiographical information, inconsistent
w/ ordinary forgetting
(a) Localized failure to recall events during a
circumscribed period of time.
(b)
Selective - can recall some but not all of
the events during a circumsribed period of
time.
(c) Generalized - completely loss of
memory for one's life and loss of semantic
procedural.
the presence of persistent or recurrent
experiences of
depersonalization experience of unreality, detachment/ being
an outside observer w/ respect to one's
thoughts, feelings, sensations body/action.

transient depersonalization / derealization

symptoms lsting hours to days, 12 mos
prevalence.
Cognitive
disconnection schemata
Overconnection schemata

Derealization - experiences of
unreality / detachment being an outside
observer w/ respect to one's thoughts,
feelings, sensations body/ action.

multiple current, somatic symptoms (a)

more than 6 mos
disappropriate & persistent thoughts about
repeated bodily checking for
the seriousness of one's symptoms (b)
abnormalities repeated seeking of
persistently high level of anxiety about
medical help and reassurance
health/ symptom. excessive time &
energy devouted to these symptoms/
health concern.

pre-occupation w/ having or acquiring a

present for more than 6 mos to 1 year
serious illness. Having high level of anxiety.
Research their suspected disease
excessivelly , repeat seek assurance from
family, friends/ physicians

evidence of incompatibility bet the

in belle difference (lack of concern about
symptom/ recognized neurological/ medical the natureof implications of the
conditions. Such as (i) w/ weakness/
symptoms)
paralysis (ii) abnormal movement(iii)
2nd gain
swallowing symptoms (iv) speech
symptoms (v) attacks/seizure (vi)
anesthesia /sensory loss (vii) special
sensory symptoms (viii) mixed symptoms

(Imposed on self)
might represent criminal behavior
(a) flasification of physical/
falsify medical records to
psychological signs/ symptoms/ induction indicate an illness; ingest a substance
of injury or disease, associated w/ identified
deception
(b) Present himself to
others as ill, impaired or injured
(c) deceptive behavior is
evident even in the absence of obvious
external rewards
(Imposed on
another)
(a) Individual presents another
individual (victim) to others as ill, impaired/
injured

Gender Prevalence

Age Onset
before age 5, developmental age at least 9
mos

developmental age at least 9 mos (Pre-school)

attention seeking behavior; (Middle
Childhood) inauthentic expression of emotion;
(Adolescent) indiscriminate beh extends to
peers "superficial" rel and more peer conflicts

Prevalence among women than

man across lifespan.

can occur at the first year of life. Can exp at

first 3 mos after the trauma "delayed
expression"
If will effect immediately will be
tagged as acute stress disorder

Usually before age 5 years

onset between 7 - 11 years old

Females have greater number if

Median age onset is 13 years old or age range
SAD had depressive, bipolar &
of 8 - 15 yrs old.
anxiety
Males are more of
dating fears.
Paruresis is more common to male

Age onset is about 20-24 yrs old

Females are twice as likely as

more to experience agoraphobia

Incidence peaks in late adolescent & early

adulthood.
Initially set before age 35 yrs old. 2nd high
average age is 40

More frequently females than

males

Median age is 30 yrs old

Females are affected at a slightly

higher rate than males in
adulthood. Males are more
commonly affected in childhood
Males have an earlier age onset
and more comorbid with tic.
Females are more in cleaning
dimension, male are more likely
for symmetry.

cases start by age 14 yrs old. Males have

earlier age onset that females.

16-17 yrs old, onset is 15 yrs old common age

early onset 12-13

1st emerge ages 11-15 yrs old up to mid 20's

and clinically significant by mid 30's

Females are more affected than

man.

Large percentage to woman.

Females w/ DID predominate in

manifest at any age
adult clinical settings. Adult males
w/ DID deny their symptoms.
Females w/ DID present more
frequently w/ acfute state. Male w/
DID exhibit more criminal beh.

mean age is 16 yrs old. Can start as early as

early/middle childhood

Females tend to report more

somatic symptoms than do males.
Underdiagnose in older adults
consider part of normal aging

prevalence similar in males /

females

Onset in early /middle adulthood

more common in females

onset is usually in early adulthood

Premorbid &Comorbid

Specifier

Severity Level

Autism Spectrum,
Intellectual Disability

Persistent- present more than

12 mos

Severe- exhibit all

symptoms

developmental delays,
ADHD

Persistent- present more than

12 mos

Severe- exhibit all

symptoms

Acute Stress, Major

Depressive, Adjustment,
Dissociative

with dissociative symptoms

with delayed
such as (a) depersonalization (b) expression - if full
derealization
diagnostic are not
met within 6 mos
after the event.

(a) with depressed mood (b)

with anxiety mixed anxiety
and depressed (d) disturbance
of conduct (e) mixed
disturbance of emotions and
conduct

Generalized anxiety
disorder and Specific Phobia

May have a full remission of

being selective mutism but
symptoms of social anxiety
remains, comm disorder,
neurodev
(a)animal (b) natural
environmental blood injection
injury (situational) (d) others
if with Performance onlyrestricted to speaking or
performing in public
paruresis ("shy
bladder syndorme")

Agoraphobia, major
depression and bipolar

anxiety and unipolar

disorder

anxiety, MDE, Eating, Tic,

Psychotic and OCPD.

w/ good/ fair insight - recognize if w/ tic related- has

that OCD definitely / profitable history of tic
not true
disorder.
w/ poor insight thinks OCD are probably true
absent insight/ delusional
belief - completely convinced
that OCD are true.

w/muscle dysphorria

w/excessive acquisition.
Animal Hoarding

attempted suicide in high

risk. Other dissociative,
MDE, PTSD

DID, PTSD.

w/ dissociative fugue purposeful travel associated w/

amnesia for identity or for other
impt autobio info.
Systematize - loses memory for
a specific category of info.
Continous - forget new events
as it occurs.

comorbid with unipolar

depressive disorder.

w/ predominant pain (pain

disorder) - this specifier is for
individuals whose somatic
symptom predominantly
involved pain.

Hipochondriasis co-occur
with anxiety disorder and
depressive

Care-seeking type - medical

care including physician visit or
undergoing tests and procedure
Care-avoidant type medical care is rarely used.

Mild: 1 symptom
Moderate: 2/more
symptoms
severe: 2/more &
multiple somatic
complain.

Acute episode - present less

than 6 mos
Persistent - occuring for 6
mos/more
w/ psychological stressor
w/out
psychological stressor

Single Episode
recurrent episode

Etiology

Intervention

Social neglect

Biological
Reactivity dampening of
Amygdala, Hippocampus and Prefrontal
cortex and produce of cortisol (SNS
Pathway and HPA Pathway)
Psychological
related symptom
prior trauma, inadequate coping
strategies, temperament

Pharmacotherapy
Antidepressant (SSRI: Zoloft & Paxil)
Benzodiazephine
Antipsychotic
Pyschotherapy
Exposure therapy
Cognitive restructuring
Stress
inoculation training
Eye movement desensitization

Ego-defense against repressed wish

Exposure treatment, systematic
experience of traumatic events. Learned desensitization, fear hierarchy, Flooding
traumas or vicarious trauma
Theory of Dev of Anxiety
Pharmacotherapy
(1) Generalized Biological Vulnerability
SSRI, SNRI, Trycylic Antidepressant,
(2)
Benzodiazephine, Xanax
Generalized Psychological Vul
Therapy
(3) Specific Psychological Vul
Relaxation and breathing
Psychological
Graded exposure
Conditioning,
Systematic
Modeling, Stimulus Generalization,
disensitization
Preparedness
Biological
Neurotransmitter - GABA
circuits in Amygdala, increase
norephineprine activity on locus cerolus

Agora has the strongest and most

specific association with genetic factors.

Dysfunction in the orbit frontal cortex,

interior cingulate cotrex and striatum
have been most strongly implicated.

Pharmacotherapy
SSRI
Neurosurgery -

Singulotomy
Dysfunction on brain circuitry
Psychotherapy- Cognitive Behavioral
stritium connecting to thalamus &frontal Therapy
cortex, inability to control primitive urge/
stereotypal
To much
use of defense mechanism spec. undoing