BRITISH STANDARD

Earth-moving
machinery
Safety
Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers

The European Standard EN 474-2:1996 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 53.100

BS EN
474-2:1996

BS EN 474-2:1996

Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical
Committee B/513, Construction equipment and plant, and site safety, to
Subcommittee B/513/1, Earth-moving machinery, upon which the following
bodies were represented:
British Coal Corporation
Construction Plant (Hire Association)
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes
Health and Safety Executive
Institution of Civil Engineers
Silsoe Research Institute

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board
for Building and Civil
Engineering, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on
15 July 1996
BSI 07-1999
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/513/1
Draft for comment 93/102260 DC
ISBN 0 580 25867 X

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No.

Date

Comments

BS EN 474-2:1996

Contents
Committees responsible
National foreword
Foreword
Text of EN 474-2
List of references

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Page
Inside front cover
ii
2
5
Inside back cover

BS EN 474-2:1996

National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/513/1 and is the
English language version of EN 474-2:1996 Earth-moving machinery Safety
Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers, published by the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN). It is one of a number of British Standards
implementing European Standards on machinery safety matters, in the
development of which the United Kingdom has played an active part.
This British Standard covers the essential safety requirements in the Machinery
Directive (89/392/EEC) and the Amending Directive (91/368/EEC).
Cross-references
Publication referred to

Corresponding British Standard

BS EN 292 Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general

principles for design

ii

EN 292-1:1991

Part 1:1991 Basic terminology, methodology

EN 292-2:1991

Part 2:1991 Technical principles and specifications

EN 474-1:1994

BS EN 474 Earth-moving machinery. Safety

Part 1:1995 General requirements

ENV 1070:1993

DD ENV 1070:1993 Safety of machinery. Terminology

EN 25353:1988

BS 5631:1978 Specification for earth-moving machinery

and tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry Seat index point

EN 60204-1:1992

BS EN 60204 Safety of machinery. Electrical equipment

of machines
Part 1:1993 Specification for general requirements

ISO 3457:1986

BS 5945:1987 Specification for guards and shields for

earth-moving machinery
BS AU 50 Tyres and wheels

ISO 4250-2:1991

Part 1: Tyres
Section 3: Off-the-road tyres
Subsection 3.2a:1991 Specification for narrow and wide
base tyre loads and inflation pressures

ISO 5006-1:1991

BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machinery

Part 5:1992 Determination of operators field of view

ISO 6014:1986

BS 5982:1987 Method for determination of ground speed

of earth-moving machinery

ISO 6016:1982

BS 6300:1982 Methods of measuring the masses of whole

machines, their equipment and components of
earth-moving machinery

ISO 6165:1994

BS 6914 Terminology (including definitions of

dimensions and symbols) for earth-moving machinery
Part 1:1988 Glossary of terms for basic types of
earth-moving machinery

ISO 6393:1985

BS 6812 Airborne noise emitted by earth-moving

machinery
Part 1:1987 Method of measurement of exterior noise in a
stationary test condition

ISO 6682:1986

BS EN ISO 6682:1995 Earth-moving machinery

Zones of comfort and reach for controls

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BS EN 474-2:1996

Publication referred to

Corresponding British Standard

ISO 6747:1988

BS 6914 Terminology (including definitions of

dimensions and symbols)for earth-moving machinery
Part 6:1989 Terminology for self-propelled crawler and
wheel tractors and their equipment

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
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iii

iv

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EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 474-2

NORME EUROPENNE
February 1996

EUROPISCHE NORM
ICS 53.100

Descriptors: Earth-moving equipment, bull dozers, safety of machines, accident prevention, safety requirements, specifications

English version

Earth-moving machinery Safety

Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers

Engins de terrassement Scurit

Partie 2: Exigences applicables aux bouteurs

Erdbaumaschinen Sicherheit
Teil 2: Anforderungen fr Planiermaschinen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-11-03. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and
its members
Ref. No. EN 474-2:1996 E

EN 472-2:1996

Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by
CEN/TC 151, Construction equipment and building
material machines Safety, of which the
secretariat is held by DIN.
This European Standard has been prepared under a
mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade
Association and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
The Annex A is normative and contains List of
additional hazards and Annex B is informative and
contains Illustrations.
EN 474 Earth-moving machinery Safety
comprises the following Parts:
Part 1: General requirements;
Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers;
Part 3: Requirements for loaders;
Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders;
Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators;
Part 6: Requirements for dumpers;
Part 7: Requirements for tractor-scrapers;
Part 8: Requirements for graders;
Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers;
Part 10: Requirements for trenchers;
Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill
compactors;
Part 12: Requirements for rope excavators.
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
August 1996, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1996.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and
United Kingdom.

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EN 472-2:1996

Contents
Foreword
0
1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.2.1
4.2.2.2
4.3
4.3.1

4.3.2
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.1.1
4.4.1.1.1
4.4.1.1.2
4.4.1.1.3
4.4.1.2
4.4.1.3
4.4.1.4
4.4.1.5
4.5

4.6
4.7
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2
5

Introduction
Scope
Normative references
Definitions
Common definitions
Additional definitions
Tractor-dozer
Attachment
Safety requirements
Access to crawler machines
Operators station
Heating and ventilation system
Rear windows
Visibility
Protection
Operators protection
Roll-over protective
structure (ROPS) on
derivated machinery
Fenders
Operators controls
Remote control
Control box
General requirements
Emergency stop
Controls
Selecting switch
Warning devices
Travelling
Instructions
Lighting, signalling and
marking lights and
reflex-reflector devices
Tyres and rims
Airborne noise
Winch
Mounting
Controls
Attachment
Identification
Instructions
Warning signs and
hazard pictorials

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2
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7

6
Instruction handbook
Annex A (normative) List of additional
hazards Tractor-dozers
Annex B (informative) Illustrations
Figure 1 Location of measuring points
Figure B.1 Crawler tractor-dozer
Figure B.2 Wheel tractor-dozer
Figure B.3 Crawler tractor-dozer
with plough
Table 1 Achievable sound power
levels for airborne noise
Table 2 Attachment identification

Page
8
9
10
6
10
10
10
8
8

7
7
7
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7
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7
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7
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EN 472-2:1996

0 Introduction
This European Standard is a Type C-standard in
the structure of A-/B-/C-standards as defined in
EN 292-1:1991.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which
hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this
standard.

1 Scope
This standard specifies additional requirements
and/or exceptions from EN 474-1:1994
Earth-moving machinery Safety
Part 1: General requirements.
This standard applies to wheel and crawler
tractor-dozers defined in ISO/DIS 6165:1994, and
gives additional requirements for attachments and
for derivated machinery.
This standard deals with the significant hazards
pertinent to tractor-dozers when they are used as
intended and under the conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer (see Annex A of this standard and
Annex C of EN 474-1:1994).

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated references, provisions from other
publications. These nonnative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery Basic
concepts, general principles for design
Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology.
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic
concepts, general principles for design
Part 2: Technical principles and specifications.
EN 474-1:1994, Earth-moving machinery
Safety Part 1: General requirements.
ENV 1070:1993, Safety of machinery
Terminology.
EN 25353:1988, Earth-moving machinery, and
tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry Seat index point.
EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery Electrical
equipment of machines Part 1: General
requirements.
ISO 3457:1986, Earth-moving machinery Guards
and shields Definitions and specifications.

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ISO 4250-2:1991, Narrow and wide base off-road

tyres and rims Part 2: Loads and inflation
pressures.
ISO/DIS 4250-3:1993, Earth-mover tyres and
rims Part 3: Rims.
ISO 4254-4:1990, Tractors and machinery for
agriculture and forestry Technical means for
ensuring safety Part 4: Forestry winches.
ISO 5006-1:1991, Earth-moving machinery
Operators field of view Part 1: Test method.
ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery
Determination of ground speed.
ISO 6016:1982, Earth-moving machinery
Methods of measuring the masses of whole
machines, their equipment and components .
ISO/DIS 6165:1994, Earth-moving machinery
Basic types Vocabulary.
ISO 6393:1985, Acoustics Measurement of
airborne noise emitted by earth-moving
machinery Method for determining compliance
with limits for exterior noise Stationary test
condition.
ISO 6682:1986, Earth-moving machinery Zones
of comfort and reach for controls.
ISO 6747:1988, Earth-moving machinery
Tractors Terminology and commercial
specifications.
ISO 9244:1995, Earth-moving machinery
General principles for safety signs and hazard
pictorials.
ISO/DIS 9249:1995, Earth-moving machinery
Engine test code Net power.
ISO 10263-2:1994, Earth-moving machinery
Operator enclosure environment Part 2: Air filter
test.
ISO 10263-4:1994, Earth-moving machinery
Operator enclosure environment Part 4: Operator
enclosure ventilation, heating and/or
air-conditioning test method.
ISO/DIS 10968:1993, Earth-moving machinery
Operators controls.
ISO 12509:1995, Earth-moving machinery
Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and
reflex-reflector devices.

EN 472-2:1996

3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard the definitions
stated in ENV 1070:1993 apply.
Additional definitions specifically needed for this
standard are added below:
3.1 Common definitions
Terminology and commercial specifications for
tractor-dozers are specified in ISO 6747:1988 and
illustrated in Annex B of this standard.
Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred
to in this standard are also valid for this standard.

Measurement of the system capacity shall be made

at three points. The three points shall be located in
a vertical plane through the SIP parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the machine as follows
(see Figure 1):
at filament position centre-point as defined in
ISO 5006-1:1991;
at the SIP as defined in EN 25353:1988;
100 mm above floor plate and 600 mm in front
of the SIP.

3.2 Additional definitions

3.2.1
tractor-dozer
self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine, having
either a dozing attachment which cuts, moves, and
grades material through a forward motion of the
machine, or mounted equipment used to exert a
push or a pull force
NOTE A ripper may be connected to the rear part of the
machine.

3.2.2
attachment
removable device (working tool) mounted either
directly to the linkage or on an attachment bracket
to fulfil the primary function of the machine or for a
specific use
Example: winch, blade, ripper.

4 Safety requirements
4.1 Access to crawler machines
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.1 applies with the following
exceptions. An access step integrated in the track
frame can be retracted up to 30 mm from the outer
edge of the track shoe.

Figure 1 Location of measuring points

Alternatively the heating capacity can be
determined by calculation.
The ventilation system shall be capable of providing
the cab with filtered fresh air at the minimum
of 43 m3/h. The filter should be tested according to
ISO 10263-2:1994.
NOTE The filter element selection depends on the operating
environment conditions.

4.2.2 Rear windows

4.2 Operators station

4.2.2.1 Visibility

4.2.1 Heating and ventilation system

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.1, third paragraph,

applies also for rear window(s) with the following
provisions:
arrangement to defrost the rear window(s)
shall be made;
the rear window(s) shall be fitted with a
motorized wiper and washer.

If a heating and ventilation system according to

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.2.6, is required the
following applies. The heating and ventilation
system shall:
either comply with ISO 10263-4:1994
or have the capacity of increasing the
temperature of the air inside the cab and
maintain a temperature of + 18 C at prevailing
ambient temperature. The minimum capacity of
the heating system shall have a %T of 25 C
measured at 10 C ambient temperature.

4.2.2.2 Protection
Provision shall be made to allow for protection when
a rear-mounted winch or similar attachment is
fitted.

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EN 472-2:1996

Machines equipped with winches are subject to rope

failure and shall be equipped with a screen mesh
fabricated of steel wire material (woven welded)
minimum diameter 6 mm wire mesh with a
maximum clear mesh opening 45 mm 45 mm or
equivalent protection between the operator and
winch. Such mesh shall be fitted to the machine
independent of the ROPS (see 4.3.1).
4.3 Operators protection
4.3.1 Roll-over protective structure (ROPS) on
derivated machinery
Tractor-dozers equipped with an attachment other
than a dozing attachment shall have a ROPS
(see EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.3) related to the
maximum operating mass (see ISO 6016:1982) as
specified by the manufacturer. When used as
derivated machinery (e.g. plough, ripper), the
maximum machine mass, which the ROPS
structure meets, may be exceeded.
4.3.2 Fenders
Tractor-dozers without a cab shall have fenders
which comply with ISO 3457:1986. Tractor-dozers
with a maximum designed speed
(see ISO 6014:1986) > 30 km/h shall be equipped
with fenders that protect the operators station from
debris ejected by the tyres if the risk exists.
4.4 Operators controls
Operators controls shall comply with
ISO/DIS 10968:1993.
The normal engine stopping device shall be within
the zone of reach (see ISO 6682:1986).
4.4.1 Remote control
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.4.2.6 applies with the
following additions.
4.4.1.1 Control box
Activation of controls shall only be possible from a
portable remote control box.
The remote control box shall have a key switch for
activating/deactivating the remote control.
4.4.1.1.1 General requirements
By design, the control box shall not obstruct the
machine operators freedom of movement, and not
be affected by impact and shock which could cause
inadvertent machine movements.
4.4.1.1.2 Emergency stop
The remote control box shall be fitted with an
emergency stop that fulfils the requirements of 10.7
of EN 60204-1:1992.

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4.4.1.1.3 Controls
The control box shall have clearly marked directions
of movements for the machine and its attachment
and be safeguarded against unintentional actuation
e.g. pushbuttons with protective collars. It shall be
possible to lock the controls in the deactivated mode
against unintentional or unauthorized actuation.
4.4.1.2 Selecting switch
A selecting switch shall be located at the operators
station for selecting main or remote controlled
mode.
4.4.1.3 Warning devices
When activated, a visual warning shall indicate to
the bystanders that the machine is remote
controlled and it shall be possible to operate the
audible warning device of the machine from the
control box.
4.4.1.4 Travelling
The machine travelling speed shall not
exceed 10 km/h. When travelling, the attachment,
steering and brake systems shall be remote
controlled.
4.4.1.5 Instructions
The instruction handbook for remote controlled
machines shall contain information about the safe
distance from which the operator can control the
machine with the control box.
NOTE This standard does not prescribe technical design
requirements for remote control systems.

4.5 Lighting, signalling and marking lights

and reflex-reflector devices
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.2 applies with the
following additions.
Lighting, signalling and marking lights and
reflex-reflector devices shall comply with the
appropriate clauses of ISO 12509:1995.
4.6 Tyres and rims
Tyre and rim manufacturers shall be consulted to
determine if the tyre and rim are of sufficient
strength (inflation pressure and load performance)
for the intended operating conditions,
see ISO 4250-2:1991.
Rims shall be easy to identify
(see e.g. ISO/DIS 4250-3:1993, clause 2).
Instructions regarding safety rules, pressures,
method of inflation and checking shall be provided
in the instruction handbook.

EN 472-2:1996

4.7 Airborne noise

4.9 Attachment

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.10.1 applies with the

following addition:
The sound power level of airborne noise shall be
measured according to ISO 6393:1985. The targets
for achievable sound power level are shown
in Table 1.
Table 1 Achievable sound power levels for
airborne noise

The machine manufacturer shall define the range of

attachments intended to be used with the machine
and establish the criteria for the safe fitting and
subsequent use of the attachment.

Engine power P according

to ISO/DIS 9249:1995

Achievable sound-power
level

kW

dB(A)/1pW

4.9.1 Identification
The attachment shall be permanently marked
according to Table 2.
4.9.2 Instructions
Instructions concerning mounting and use shall be
provided by the attachment manufacturer.

106

5 Warning signs and hazard pictorials

70 < P k 160

108

160 < P k 350

113

350 < P k 700

118

Warning signs and hazard pictorials should follow

the general principles of ISO 9244:1995. They shall
be made of durable materials.

P k 70

P > 700

6 Instruction handbook

120

NOTE Achievable sound power values do not constitute limit

values of exposure for persons, but are the emission values from
a machine under defined test conditions. They are not a barrier
to innovation and they should not prevent the achievement of
lower levels.

4.8 Winch
If a tractor-dozer is equipped with a towing winch,
ISO 4254-4:1990 shall be used as a design guideline.
4.8.1 Mounting
The means for securing a winch to the machine
structure shall be designed to withstand a force of
twice the maximum line-pull that can be exerted by
the rope.
4.8.2 Controls
The winch controls shall be located at the operators
station and shall fulfil the requirements stated in
ISO/DIS 10968:1993.

EN 474-1:1994, clause 5 applies with the following

additions.
The instruction handbook shall contain the
following information:
the need for a well-trained and competent
operator;
the safety rules to be observed, in particular
concerning the stability of the machine, its
attachments and safe operation;
indication that the machine user shall
determine if special hazards exist in his
application, such as toxic gases, ground
(underfoot) conditions etc., that require special
precautions and that he shall take measures to
eliminate or reduce the hazards.
the need for personal protective equipment;
the range of temperature in which the machine
is intended to be operated and stored;
provisions for limiting proximity hazards.
NOTE More detailed instructions for use will be included in a
future revision of this standard.

Table 2 Attachment identification

Required information

Attachment manufacturer
Same as machine
manufacturer

Other than machine

manufacturer

Attachment manufacturers name or logotype

Required

Required

Type denomination (e.g. part number)

Required

Required

Mass (kg)

Not requireda

Required

Working circuit pressure (Pa); (if relevant)

Not requireda

Required

Not required

Required

Capacity of the attachment (e.g.

a

m2 ,

m3);

(if relevant)

See manufacturers machine documentation.

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EN 472-2:1996

Annex A (normative)
List of additional hazards Tractor-dozers
The list of hazards in Annex C of EN 474-1:1994 applies with the following additions:
Additional hazards

Relevant clauses
EN 292-2:1991
Annex A

EN 474-2

20 Hazards due to mobility

20.1 Travelling functions

3.2.1

4.2.2.1

3.3.3

4.3.2
4.4
4.4.1.1.2
4.4.1.2

20.2 Powering functions

3.3.5

20.3 Operators position

3.2.1

4.2.1

3.5.3
20.4 ROPS

3.4.3

4.3.1

20.5 Remote control

3.3.3

4.4.1

20.6 Access

3.2.1
3.4.5

4.1

21.1 Travelling area

3.1.2

4.5

21.2 Working area

3.1.2

4.5

21 Hazards generated by inadequate lighting

22 Hazards caused by attachment and/or equipment

22.1 Winch

4.9.1
4.1.2.4

4.2.2.2
4.8

22.2 Controls

3.3.1

4.4
4.4.1
4.4.1.1
4.4.1.1.5

23 Hazards generated by lack of stability

3.4.3

24 Hazards generated by noise

1.5.8

4.7

25 Hazards generated by lack of warning signs

1.7.2

3.6.1
26 Hazards due to missing and/or incorrect instructions

1.7.4

4.4.1.3

3.6.3

4.6
4.9.2
6

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EN 472-2:1996

Annex B (informative)
Illustrations
B.1 Crawler tractor-dozer

Figure B.1 Crawler tractor-dozer

B.2 Wheel tractor-dozer

Figure B.2 Wheel tractor-dozer

B.3 Derivated use (example)

Figure B.3 Crawler tractor-dozer with plough

10

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BS EN 474-2:1996

List of references
See national foreword.

BSI 07-1999

BS EN
474-2:1996

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