VIT UNIVERSITY, VELLORE

School of advanced sciences

Fall Semester(2015-16)

Instructor: Dr.K. Raghavendar

Computational techniques (MAT516)

ASSIGNMENT-III
1. Explain the following with relevant examples
(a) Path, reachability,in a graph
(b) Weakly connected, unilateral and strongly connected in a graph
(c) Adjacency and path matrix in a graph
2. (a) Prove that the sum of the degrees of the vertices of any nite graph is even.
(b) Prove that the number of odd degree vertices is even in a graph G
(c) Show that a tree with n vertices has exactly n-1 edges.
3. (a) Simple, complete, bipartite, complete bipartite graphs.
(b) Chromatic number, matching, complete matching, maximal matching
(c) show that in a complete graph of n vertices there will be n(n 1)/2 vertices
4. Suppose we have three houses and three utility outlets ( gas, water and electricity) situated so
that each utility outlet is connected to each house. Is it possible to connect each utility to each
of the three houses without lines or mains crossing. If possible nd the chromatic number of
the graph with respect to vertex, edge and region proper coloring.
5. Explain Euler trail, cycle, Hamiltonian cycles with the relevant example and state the conditions
in which when can a graph will have a Euler and Hamiltonian cycles( circuit).
6. Write a note on applications of Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs.(Ex.Chinese Postman problem
and Traveling salesman problem)

7. A salesman based in Seattle needs to visit Salt Lake City, Houston, Dallas, and Memphis.
What sequence of trips would consist of the least total distance traveled? In other words, nd
the optimal solution to the Traveling Salesman Problem for these ve cities.
From
To
Distance (miles)
Seattle

Salt Lake City

700

Seattle

Houston

1891

Seattle

Dallas

1683

Seattle

Memphis

1872

Salt Lake City

Houston

1201

Salt Lake City

Dallas

1003

Salt Lake City

Memphis

1256

Houston

Dallas

224

Houston

Memphis

484

Dallas

Memphis

419

Explain chromatic number with respect to vertex, edge and region in the above graph.

Statistics and Probability:

1. If from a lottery of 30 tickets, marked, 1, 2, 3, . . . , 30, four tickets are drawn, what is

the chance that those marked 1 and 2 among them?

2. An urn contains 5 red and 10 black balls. Eight of them are placed in another urn.

What is the chance that the latter then contains 2 red and 6 black balls?
3. Three newspapers A, B, C are published in a city and a survey of readers indicates

the following: 20% read A, 16% read B, 14% read C, 8% read both A and B, 5% read
both A and C, 4% read both B and C,and 2% read all three.For a person chosen at
random, find the probability that he reads none of the papers.
4. A committee consists of 9 students, two of which are in their 1st year, three are in

their 2nd year, and four are in their 3rd year. Three students are to be removed at
random. What is the chance that
(i) the three students belong to different classes,
(ii) two belong to the same class and the third to the different class, and
(iii) the three belong to the same class?
5. The probabilities of A, B, C solving a problem are 1/3 ,2/ 7 , and 3/8 , respectively. If

all three try to solve the problem simultaneously, find the probability that exactly one
of them will solve it.
6. A company has two plants to manufacture scooters. Plant I manufactures 70% of

scooters and plant II manufactures 30%. At plant I, 80% of the scooters are rated
standard quality and at plant II, 90% of the scooters are rated standard quality. A
scooter is chosen at random and is found to be of standard quality. What is the
chance that it has come from plant II?
7. Two bad eggs are mixed accidently with 10 good ones. Find the probability

distribution of the number of bad eggs in 3, drawn at random, without replacement,

from this lot.
8. A bag contains 4 white and 3 red balls. Three balls are drawn, with replacement,

from this bag. Find , 2 , and for the number of red balls drawn.
9. A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

Values of X,
x:

p(x) : a

3a

5a

7a

9a

11a

13a

15a

17a

(i)

Determine the value of a.

(ii) Find P(X < 3), P(X 3), P(2 X < 5)

(iii) What is the smallest value of x for which P(X x) > 0.5?
10. Calculate the correlation coefficient for the following heights in inches of fathers (X)

and their
sons (Y ) .
X:

65

66

67

67

68

69

70

72

Y:

67

68

65

68

72

72

69

71

11. The joint p.d f. of two random variables X and ,Y is

given by :
(a) f ( x, y )

(b)

(c )

f x, y

9(1 x y )
,0 x ,0 y
2(1 x)4 (1 y )4
2,0 x 1,0 y x

0, elsewhere

8 xy ,0 x y 1
f ( x, y )
0, elsewhere

(i)Find the marginal distributions of X and Y, the conditional distribution of Y for

X =x, and conditional distributions of X for given Y=y and also check the
independence of X and Y
(ii)Find correlation and covariance
12. Explain the characteristics of a Markov process with suitable example.

Complexity of Algorithm:

1. Explain relative theta, big oh and little oh notations with relevant examples.
2. Show that theta is an equivalence relation.
3. Write an algorithm for the following and describe the time complexity.
(i)

finding maximum element in a finite set of integers

(ii)

linear search

(iii)

binary search

4. Write a note on tractability and intractability

5. Compare the growth rates of the following
(a) x 3 and x 2 2 x 1
(b) exp( x ) and x
6. Show that f ( x ) x 2 2 x 1 is of O ( x 2 )
7. Find big oh estimation for
(i)

Finding sum of the first positive n integers

(ii)

Factorial function

(iii)

n log(n 2 1) n 2 log n