2015

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR

VERBS

WILMER ANDRES AROHUANCA QUISPE

INSTITUTO DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR
PEDAGOGICO PUNO
06/10/2015

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

Verbs are subdivided into two groups, regular verbs and irregular verbs, on the basis of how their past
tense and past participles are formed. There are also third person singular and present participle. See
below for tips on how to distinguish between them.
Regular Verbs
Most verbs are regular verbs. Regular verbs are those whose past tense and past participles are formed by
adding a -d or an -ed to the end of the verb.
In this list we will detail the regular verbs and they will classified according to their ending sound / d /, / t / or
/ Id /.
"To roll" is a good example of a regular verb:
Roll, rolled, rolled
Sometimes the last consonant must be doubled before adding the -ed ending. For example:
Plan, planned, planed
Irregular Verbs
There is no formula to predict how an irregular verb will form its past-tense and past-participle forms. There
are over 250 irregular verbs in English. Although they do not follow a formula, there are some fairly
common irregular forms. Some of these forms are:
Break, broke, broken
Cut, cut, cut
Get, got, got
Come, came, come
In the English language verbs have different forms or tenses. There is the present tense, the simple past
tense and past participle, to name a few. Most regular verbs have the simple past and the past participle
spelled like the present tense except the past tenses have a d or ed added to the regular form.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Los verbos irregulares son aquellos que no siguen el patrn tpico en su conjugacin. Existen
aproximadamente 200 verbos irregulares en ingls. En la tabla inferior encontrars ms de 100 de los
verbos irregulares ms comunes. En algunos casos, un verbo puede ser irregular en ingls britnico y
regular en ingls americano. Lo encontrars marcado en la tabla.
INFINITIVE

abide
(abid)
arise
(aris)
awake
(auik)
be
(bi)
Beat
(bit)
become
(bikm)
begin
(bigun)
bend
(bend)
bet
(bet)
bind
(bind)
bite
(bit)
bleed
(bl:d)
blow
(blu)
break
(brik)
breed
(br:d)
bring
(bring)
build
(bilt)
burn
(bern)
buy
(bi)
catch
(kach)
choose
(chus)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

abides
arises
awakes
[am/are/ is]
beats
becomes
begins
bends
bets
binds
bites
bleeds
blows
breaks
breeds
brings
builds
burns
buys
catches
chooses

PAST

abode
(abud)
arose
(arus)
awoke
(auuk)
was/were
(us/ur)
beat
(bit)
became
(bikim)
began
(bign)
bent
(bent)
bet
(bet)
bound
(bund)
bit
(bit)
bled
(bled)
blew
(blu)
broke
(bruk)
bred
(bred)
brought
(brot)
built
(bilt)
burnt
(bernt)
bought
(bot)
caught
(kot)
chose
(chos)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

abode
(abud)
arisen
(arsn)
awoke
(auuk)
been
(bin)
beaten
(bitn)
become
(bikm)
begun
(bign)
bent
(bent)
bet
(bet)
bound
(bund)
bitten
(btn)
bled
(bled)
blown
(blun)
broken
(brukn)
bred
(bred)
brought
(brot)
built
(bilt)
burnt
(bernt)
bought
(bot)
caught
(kot)
chosen
(chsn)
3

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

abiding

tolerar, soportar

arising

surgir, plantear

awaking

Despertarse

being

ser, estar

beating

golpear, latir, batir

becoming

llegar a ser

beginning

Comenzar

bending

doblarse, inclinarse

betting

apostar en algo

binding

atar, unir, ligar

Biting

morder/se

bleeding

Sangrar

blowing

soplar, hacer sonar

breaking

romper

breeding

criar, reproducir/se

bringing

traer

building

construir

burning

quemar

buying

comprar

catching

agarrar

choosing

elegir

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

come
(km)
cost
(kost)
creep
(kr:p)
cut
(kat)
deal
(d:l)
dig
(dig)
do
(d)
draw
(dr:)
drink
(drink)
drive
(driv)
eat
(:t)
fall
(fol)
feed
(f:d)
feel
(f:l)
fight
(fit)
find
(find)
flee
(fl:)
fling
(fln:)
fly
(fli)
forget
(forgut)
freeze
(fr:s)
get
(gut)
give
(guv)
go
(gu)
grind
(grind)
grow
(gru)
hang
(jng)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

comes
costs
creeps
cuts
deals
digs
does
draws
drinks
drives
eats
falls
feeds
feels
fights
finds
flees
flings
flies
forgets
freezes
gets
gives
goes
grinds
grows
hangs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

came
(kem)
cost
(kost)
crept
(krept)
cut
(kat)
dealt
(delt)
dug
(dag)
did
(dd)
drew
(dr)
drank
(drnk)
drove
(druv)
ate
(eit)
fell
(fel)
fed
(fed)
felt
(felt)
fought
(f:t)
found
(fand)
fled
(fled)
flung
(flang)
flew
(flu)
forgot
(forgt)
froze
(frus)
got
(got)
gave
(guiv)
went
(unt)
ground
(grund)
grew
(gr)
hung
(jng)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

come
(km)
cost
(kost)
crept
(krept)
cut
(kat)
dealt
(delt)
dug
(dag)
done
(dn)
drawn
(drn)
drunk
(drank)
driven
(drvn)
eaten
(tn)
fallen
(flen)
fed
(fed)
felt
(felt)
fought
(f:t)
found
(fund)
fled
(fled)
flung
(flang)
flown
(fln)
forgotten
(forgtn)
frozen
(frusn)
got/gotten
(got/gotn)
given
(guvn)
gone
(gn)
ground
(grund)
grown
(grn)
hung
(jng)
4

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

coming

venir

costing

costar

creeping

arrastrar, deslizarse

cutting

cortar

dealing

tratar, ocuparse

digging

cavar, excavar

doing

Hacer

drawing

dibujar, atraer

drinking

Beber

driving

Conducir

eating

Comer

falling

Caer

feeding

Alimentar

feeling

Sentir

fighting

luchar, pelear

finding

Encontrar

fleeing

escapar, huir

flinging

arrojar, lanzar

flying

Volar

forgetting

Olvidar

freezing

helar, congelar

getting

obtener, conseguir

giving

Dar

going

Ir

grinding

Moler

growing

cultivar, crecer

hanging

Colgar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

have
(jev)
hear
(jar)
hide
(jid)
hit
(jit)
hold
(juld)
keep
(k:p)
kneel
(n:l)
know
(nu)
lead
(l:d)
lend
(lend)
learn
(lrn)
leave
(l:v)
lose
(l:s)
make
(mik)
mean
(m:n)
meet
(m:t)
pay
(pi)
put
(put)
read
(rid)
ride
(rid)
ring
(ring)
run
(ran)
say
(si)
see
(s:)
seek
(s:k)
sell
(sel)
send
(send)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

has
hears
hides
hits
holds
keeps
kneels
knows
leads
lends
learns
leaves
loses
makes
means
meets
pays
puts
reads
rides
rings
runs
says
sees
seeks
sells
sends

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

had
(jad)
heard
(jerd)
hid
(jid)
hit
(jit)
held
(jeld)
kept
(kept)
knelt
(nelt)
knew
(ni)
led
(led)
lent
(lent)
learnt
(lernt)
left
(left)
lost
(lost)
made
(mid)
meant
(ment)
met
(met)
paid
(peid)
put
(put)
read
(red)
rode
(rud)
rang
(reng)
ran
(ren)
said
(seid)
saw
(s:)
sought
(sot)
sold
(suld)
sent
(sent)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

had
(jad)
heard
(jerd)
hidden
(jdn)
hit
(jit)
held
(jeld)
kept
(kept)
knelt
(nelt)
known
(nun)
led
(led)
lent
(lent)
learnt
(lernt)
left
(left)
lost
(lost)
made
(mid)
meant
(ment)
met
(met)
paid
(peid)
put
(put)
read
(red)
ridden
(rdn)
rung
(rang)
run
(ran)
said
(seid)
seen
(sin)
sought
(sot)
sold
(suld)
sent
(sent)
5

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

having

tener, haber

hearing

Or

hiding

ocultar, esconder

hitting

Golpear

holding

sostener, soportar

keeping

guardar, conservar

kneeling

Arrodillarse

knowing

saber, conocer

leading

guiar, conducer

lending

Prestar

learning

Aprender

leaving

irse, dejar, partir

Losing

Perder

making

hacer, fabricar

meaning

Significar

meeting

encontrarse con

paying

Pagar

putting

poner, colocar

reading

Leer

riding

Cabalgar

ringing

Sonar

running

Correr

saying

Decir

seeing

Ver

seeking

Buscar

selling

Vender

sending

Enviar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

shake
(shik)
shine
(shin)
shoot
(sh:t)
show
(shu)
shrink
(shrink)
shut
(shat)
sing
(sing)
sink
(sink)
sit
(sit)
slay
(sli)
sleep
(slp)
slide
(slid)
sling
(sling)
smell
(smel)
speak
(spik)
spend
(spend)
spin
(spin)
stand
(stand)
steal
(stl)
stick
(stik)
sting
(sting)
stride
(strid)
strike
(strik)
strive
(striv)
swear
(sua:)
sweep
(su:p)
swell
(sul)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

shakes
shines
shoots
shows
shrinks
shuts
sings
sinks
sits
slays
sleeps
slides
slings
smells
speaks
spends
spins
stands
steals
sticks
stings
strides
strikes
strives
swears
sweeps
swells

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

shook
(shuk)
shone
(shun)
shot
(shot)
showed
(shud)
shrank
(shrenk)
shut
(shat)
sang
(seng)
sank
(senk)
sat
(sat)
slew
(sli)
slept
(slpt)
slid
(slid)
slung
(slang)
smelt
(smelt)
spoke
(spuk)
spent
(spent)
spun
(span)
stood
(st:d)
stole
(stul)
stuck
(stak)
stung
(stang)
strode
(strud)
struck
(strak)
strove
(struv)
swore
(sur)
swept
(supt)
swelled
(suld)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

shaken
(shikn)
shone
(shun)
shot
(shot)
shown
(shun)
shrunk
(shrank)
shut
(shat)
sung
(sang)
sunk
(sank)
sat
(sat)
slain
(slin)
slept
(slpt)
slid
(slid)
slung
(slang)
smelt
(smelt)
spoken
(spukn)
spent
(spent)
spun
(span)
stood
(st:d)
stolen
(stln)
stuck
(stak)
stung
(stang)
strode
(strud)
struck
(strak)
striven
(strvn)
sworn
(surn)
swept
(supt)
swollen
(sulen)
6

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

shaking

agitar, sacudir

shining

brillar, resplandecer

shooting

pegar un tiro

showing

mostrar, demostrar

shrinking

encogerse (tamao)

shutting

Cerrar

singing

Cantar

sinking

hundir/se

sitting

sentar/se

slaying

Asesinar

sleeping

Dormir

sliding

resbalar, deslizar

slinging

lanzar con fuerza

smelling

Oler

speaking

Hablar

spending

gastar, pasar

spinning

girar, hilar

standing

Pararse

stealing

Robar

sticking

pinchar, atascarse

stinging

picar, arder

striding

dar pasos largos

striking

golpear, sonar

striving

Esforzarse

swearing

jurar, maldecir

sweeping

Barrer

swelling

hinchar/se

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

swim
(sum)
take
(tik)
teach
(tch)
tear
(ta:)
tell
(tel)
think
(zink)
thrive
(zriv)
throw
(zru)
tread
(tred)
understand
(anderstn)
undertake
(andertik)
undo
(and)
wake
(uik)
wear
(uar)
weave
(wv)
weep
(w:p)
win
(un)
wind
(uind)
withdraw
(uizdr:)
wring
(ring)
write
(rit)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

swims
takes
teaches
tears
tells
thinks
thrives
throws
treads
understands
undertakes
undoes
wakes
wears
weaves
weeps
wins
winds
withdraws
wrings
writes

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

PAST
PARTICIPLE

swam
(sum)
took
(tul)
taught
(tot)
tore
(tor)
told
(told)
thought
(zot)
throve
(zruv)
threw
(zru)
trod
(trod)
understood
(anderstd)
undertook
(andertk)
undid
(andd)
woke
(uuk)
wore
(ur)
wove
(wov)
wept
(wpt)
won
(un)
wound
(uund)
withdrew
(uizdr)
wrung
(rang)
wrote
(rut)

swum
(sum)
taken
(tikn)
taught
(tot)
torn
(torn)
told
(told)
thought
(zot)
thriven
(zrvn)
thrown
(zrun)
trodden
(trden)
understood
(anderstd)
undertaken
(andertikn)
undone
(andn)
woken
(uukn)
worn
(urn)
woven
(wven)
wept
(wpt)
won
(un)
wound
(uund)
withdrawn
(uizdrm)
wrung
(rang)
written
(rtn)

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

swimming

Nadar

taking

tomar, llevar

teaching

Ensear

tearing

rasgar, arrancar

telling

decir, contar

thinking

pensar, creer

thriving

crecer, prosperar

throwing

tirar, arrojar

treading

undertaking

pisar, aplastar
entender,
comprender
comprometerse,
emprender

undoing

Deshacer

waking

Despertarse

wearing

vestir, usar (ropa)

weaving

Tejer

weeping

Llorar

winning

Ganar

winding

serpentear, enroller

withdrawing

retirar/se, extraer

wringing

retorcer, escurrir

writing

Escribir

understanding

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

La mayora de los verbos ingleses son regulares y forman el pasado agregando el sufijo -ed o -d, y el gerundio o
participio presente agregando -ing a la forma infinitiva del verbo.
Aunque estas reglas parecen ser muy simples, la ortografa de los verbos regulares cambia de acuerdo con varias
reglas fonticas y morfolgicas.
INFINITIVE

accept
(acpt)
add
(ad)
admire
(admiar)
admit
(admt)
advise
(advis)
afford
(afrd)
agree
(agr:)
alert
(alrt)
allow
(alu)
amuse
(amis)
analyse
(nalais)
announce
(anuns)
annoy
(ani)
answer
(nsuer)
apologise
(aplodchais)
appear
(apar)
applaud
(apld)
appreciate
(aprshieit)
approve
(aprv)
argue
(:rguiu)
arrange
(arrindch)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

accepts
adds
admires
admits
advises
affords
agrees
Alerts
allows
amuses
analyses
announces
annoys
answers
apologises
appears
applauds
appreciates

approves
argues
arranges

PAST

accepted
(acptid)
added
(did)
admired
(admiard
admitted
(admtid)
advised
(advist)
afforded
(afrdit)
agreed
(agr:d)
alerted
(alrtid)
allowed
(alud)
amused
(amist)
analysed
(nalaist)
announced
(anunst)
annoyed
(anid)
answered
(nsuerd)
apologised
(aplodchaist)
appeared
(apard)
applauded
(apldid)
appreciated
(aprshieitid)
approved
(aprvt)
argued
(:rguiut)
arranged
(arrindcht)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

accepted
(acptid)
added
(did)
admired
(admiard
admitted
(admtid)
advised
(advist)
afforded
(afrdit)
agreed
(agr:d)
alerted
(alrtid)
allowed
(alud)
amused
(amist)
analysed
(nalaist)
announced
(anunst)
annoyed
(anid)
answered
(nsuerd)
apologised
(aplodchaist)

appeared
(apard)
applauded
(apldid)
appreciated
(aprshieitid)
approved
(aprvt)
argued
(:rguiut)
arranged
(arrindcht)
8

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

accepting

Aceptar

adding

Agregar

admiring

Admirar

admitting

Admitir

advising

aconsejar

affording
agreeing

afrontar
estar de
acuerdo

alerting

Alertar

allowing

Permitir

amusing

entretener

analyzing

analizar

announcing

anunciar

annoying

molestar

answering
apologising

contestar
pedir disculpas,
disculparse

appearing

aparecer

applauding
appreciating

aplaudir
apreciar

approving

aprobar

argueing

Discutir

arranging

Arreglar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

arrest
(arrst)
arrive
(arriv)
ask
(ask)
attach
(atch)
attack
(atck)
attempt
(atmpt)
attend
(atnd)
attract
(atrct)
avoid
(avid)
back
(bak)
bake
(bik)
balance
(blans)
ban
(ban)
bathe
(bid)
beg
(beg)
behave
(bijiv)
belong
(bilng)
bless
(bles)
blind
(blind)
blink
(blink)
blush
(blash)
boil
(bil)
book
(buk)
bore
(bor)
borrow
(brrou)
bounce
(buns)
brake
(brik)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

arrests
arrives
Asks
attaches
attacks
attemps
attends
attracts
avoids
backs
bakes
balances
Bans
bathes
Begs
behas
belongs
blesses
blinds
blinks
blunshes
Boils
books
Bores
borrows
bounces
brakes

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

arrested
(arrstid)
arrived
(arrivd)
asked
(askt)
attached
(atcht)
attacked
(atckt)
attempted
(atmptid)
attended
(atndid)
attracted
(atrctid)
avoided
(avidid)
backed
(bakt)
baked
(bikt)
balanced
(blanst)
banned
(bnd)
bathed
(bidid)
begged
(bgd)
behaved
(bijivd)
belonged
(bilngd)
blessed
(blest)
blinded
(blindid)
blinked
(blinkt)
blushed
(blasht)
boiled
(bild)
booked
(bukt)
bored
(bord)
borrowed
(brroud)
bounced
(bunst)
braked
(brikt)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

arrested
(arrstid)
arrived
(arrivd)
asked
(ask)
attached
(atcht)
attacked
(atckt)
attempted
(atmptid)
attended
(atndid)
attracted
(atrctid)
avoided
(avidid)
backed
(bakt)
baked
(bikt)
balanced
(blanst)
banned
(bnd)
bathed
(bidid)
begged
(bgd)
behaved
(bijivd)
belonged
(bilngd)
blessed
(blest)
blinded
(blindid)
blinked
(blinkt)
blushed
(blasht)
boiled
(bild)
booked
(bukt)
bored
(bord)
borrowed
(brroud)
bounced
(bunst)
braked
(brikt)
9

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

arresting

Arrestar

arriving

Llegar

asking

Preguntar

attaching

adjuntar

attacking

Atacar

attempting

intentar

attending

Asistir

attracting

Atraer

avoiding

Evitar

backing

Apoyar

baking

Hornear

balancing

balancear

banning

Prohibir

bathing

baarse

begging

Rogar

behaving

comportarse

belonging

pertenecer

blessing

bendecir

blinding

enceguecer
parpadear

blinking
enrojecer
blushing
boiling

Hervir
reservar

booking
boring
borrowing

aburrir
pedir
prestado

bouncing

rebotar

braking

frenar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

breathe
(brid)
brush
(brash)
burn
(bern)
bury
(bri)
call
(kol)
calculate
(klkiuleit)
camp
(kamp)
care
(ker)
cause
(koz)
challenge
(chlindz)
change
(chindz)
charge
(chrdz)
chase
(chis)
cheat
(chit)
check
(chek)
cheer
(chir)
chew
(chu)
claim
(klim)
clap
(klp)
clean
(klin)
clear
(klar)
close
(klus)
collect
(kolkt)
comb
(kom)
compare
(kompr)
compete
(kompt)
complete
(komplt)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

breathes
brushes
burns
buries
calls
calculates
camps
cares
causes
challenges
changes
charges
chases
cheats
checks
cheers
chews
claims
claps
cleans
clears
closes
collects
combs
compares
competes
completes

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

breathed
(brdid)
brushed
(brasht)
burned
(bernd)
buried
(brid)
called
(kold)
calculated
(klkiuleirid)
camped
(kampt)
cared
(kerd)
caused
(kozd)
challenged
(chlindzd)
changed
(chindzd)
charged
(chrdzd)
chased
(chist)
cheated
(chtid)
checked
(chekt)
cheered
(chird)
chewed
(chud)
claimed
(klimd)
clapped
(klpt)
cleaned
(klind)
cleared
(klard)
closed
(klusd)
collected
(kolktid)
combed
(komd)
compared
(komprd)
competed
(komptid)
completed
(kompltid)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

breathed
(brdid)
brushed
(brasht)
burned
(bernd)
buried
(brid)
called
(kold)
calculated
(klkiuleirid)
camped
(kampt)
cared
(kerd)
caused
(kozd)
challenged
(chlindzd)
changed
(chindzd)
charged
(chrdzd)
chased
(chist)
cheated
(chtid)
checked
(chekt)
cheered
(chird)
chewed
(chud)
claimed
(klimd)
clapped
(klpt)
cleaned
(klind)
cleared
(klard)
closed
(klusd)
collected
(kolktid)
combed
(komd)
compared
(komprd)
competed
(komptid)
completed
(kompltid)
10

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

breathing

MEANING

respirar
cepillar

brushing
quemar
burning
burying

enterrar

calling

llamar

calculating

calcular

camping

acampar

caring

Cuidar

causing

Causar

challenging

desafiar

changing

cambiar

charging

cargar

chasing

cazar

cheating

engaar

checking

verificar

cheering

alegrar

chewing

mascar

claiming

reclamar

claping

aplaudir

cleaning

limpiar

clearing

aclarar

closing
collecting

cerrar
cobrar, coleccio
nar

combing

peinar

comparing

comparar

competing
completing

competir
completar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

concentrate
(knsentreit)

concentrates

concern
(konsrn)
confess
(konfs)
confuse
(konfis)
connect
(konkt)
consider
(konsder)
consist
(konsst)
contain
(kontin)
continue
(kontniu)
cook
(ku:k)
copy
(kpi)
correct
(korrkt)
cough
(kof)
count
(kaunt)
cover
(kver)
crack
(krak)
crash
(krash)
crawl
(krol)
cross
(kros)
crush
(krash)
cry
(kri)
cure
(kir)
curl
(kerl)
curve
(kerb)
cycle
(sikl)
damage
(dmidz)

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

concentrated

cycles

(knsentreired)
concerned
(konsrnd)
confessed
(konfst)
confused
(konfist)
connected
(konktid)
considered
(konsderd)
consisted
(konsstid)
contained
(kontind)
continued
(kontniud)
cooked
(ku:kt)
copied
(kpid)
corrected
(korrktid
coughed
(koft)
counted
(kunid)
covered
(kverd)
cracked
(krakt)
crashed
(krasht)
crawled
(krold)
crossed
(krost)
crushed
(krasht)
cried
(krid)
cured
(kird)
curled
(kerld)
curved
(kerbd)
cycled
(sikld)

demages

damaged
(dmidzd)

concerns
confesses
confuses
connects
considers

consists
contains
continues
cooks
copies
corrects
coughs
counts
covers
cracks
crashes
crawls
crosses
crushes
cries
cures
curls
curves

PAST
PARTICIPLE

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

concentrated
(knsentreired) concentrating
concerned
(konsrnd)
confessed
(konfst)
confused
(konfist)
connected
(konktid)
considered
(konsderd)
consisted
(konsstid)
contained
(kontind)
continued
(kontniud)
cooked
(ku:kt)
copied
(kpid)
corrected
(korrktid
coughed
(koft)
counted
(kunid)
covered
(kverd)
cracked
(krakt)
crashed
(krasht)
crawled
(krold)
crossed
(krost)
crushed
(krasht)
cried
(krid)
cured
(kird)
curled
(kerld)
curved
(kerbd)
cycled
(sikld)
damaged
(dmidzd)
11

MEANING

concentrarse

concerning

concernir

confessing

confesar

confusing

confundir

connecting

conectar

considering

considerar

consisting

consistir

containing

contener

continuing

continuar

cooking

cocinar

copying

copiar

correcting

corregir

coughing

toser

counting

contar

covering

cubrir

cracking

rajar

crashing

embestir

crawling

arrastrarse

croossing

cruzar

crushing

aplastar

crying

gritar, llorar

curing

curar

curling

rizar(se)

curving

curvar
pasear en
bicicleta

cycling
demaging

daar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

dance
(dans)
deceive
(disv)
decide
(disid)
decorate
(dkoreit)
delay
(dili)
delete
(dil:t)
delight
(dilit)
deliver
(delver)
depend
(dipnd)
describe
(diskrib)
deserve
(disrv)
destroy
(distri)
detect
(ditkt)
develop
(divlop)
disagree
(disagr)
disappear
(disapar)
discover
(diskver)
dislike
(dislik)
divide
(divid)
double
(dbl)
doubt
(dut)
dream
(drim)
dress
(dres)
drop
(drop)
drown
(drun)
dry
(dri)
dust
(dst)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

dances
deceives
decides
decorates
delays
deletes
delights
delivers
depends
describes
deserves
destroys
detects
develops
disagrees
disappears
discovers
dislikes
divides
doubles
doubts
dreams
dresses
drops
drowns
dries
dusts

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

danced
(danst)
deceived
(disvd)
decided
(disidid)
decorated
(dkoreirid)
delayed
(dilid)
deleted
(dil:tid)
delighted
(dilirid)
delivered
(delverd)
depended
(dipnid)
described
(diskribd)
deserved
(disrvd)
destroyed
(distrid)
detected
(ditktid)
developed
(divlopt)
disagreed
(disagrd)
disappeared
(disapard)
discovered
(diskverd)
disliked
(dislikt)
divided
(dividid)
doubled
(dbld)
doubted
(durid)
dreamed
(drimd)
dressed
(drest)
dropped
(drpt)
drowned
(drund)
dried
(drid)
dusted
(dstid)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

danced
(danst)
deceived
(disvd)
decided
(disidid)
decorated
(dkoreirid)
delayed
(dilid)
deleted
(dil:tid)
delighted
(dilirid)
delivered
(delverd)
depended
(dipnid)
described
(diskribd)
deserved
(disrvd)
destroyed
(distrid)
detected
(ditktid)
developed
(divlopt)
disagreed
(disagrd)
disappeared
(disapard)
discovered
(diskverd)
disliked
(dislikt)
divided
(dividid)
doubled
(dbld)
doubted
(durid)
dreamed
(drimd)
dressed
(drest)
dropped
(drpt)
drowned
(drund)
dried
(drid)
dusted
(dstid)
12

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

dancing

bailar

deceiving

Engaar

deciding

Decidir

decorating

Decorar

delaying
deleting

Demorar
suprimir,
eliminar, borrar

delighting

Deleitar

delivering

Repartir

dipending

depender

describing

describir

deserving

merecer

destroying

destruir

detecting

detectar

developing

desarrollar
no estar de
acuerdo
desaparecer

disagreeing
disappearing

descubrir
discovering
disliking

disgustar

dividing

dividir

doubling

duplicar

doubting

dudar

dreaming

soar

dressing
dropping

vestir
dejar caer,
caerse

drowning

ahogar

drying

secar

dusting

limpiar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

earn
(ern)
educate
(dzukeit)
embarrass
(imbras)
employ
(impli)
empty
(mpti)
encourage
(inkridz)
end
(end)
enjoy
(indzi)
enter
(ner)
entertain
(enertin)
escape
(iskip)
examine
(igzmin)
excite
(iksit)
excuse
(ikskiz)
exercise
(ksersaiz)
exist
(igzst)
expand
(ikspnd)
expect
(ikspkt)
explain
(iksplin)
explode
(iksplud)
extend
(ikstnd)
face
(fis)
fade
(fid)
fail
(fil)
fancy
(fnsi)
fasten
(fsen)
fax
(faks)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

earns
educates
embarrasses

employs
empties
encourages
ends
enjoys
enters
entertains
escapes
examines
excites
excuses
exercises
exists
expands
expects
explains
explodes
extends
faces
fades
fails
fancies
fastens
faxes

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

earned
(ernd)
educated
(dzukeirid)
embarrassed
(imbrast)
employed
(implid)
emptied
(mptid)
encouraged
(inkridzd)
ended
(ndid)
enjoyed
(indzid)
entered
(nerd)
entertained
(enertind)
escaped
(iskipt)
examined
(igzmind)
excited
(iksirid)
excused
(ikskizd)
exercised
(ksersaizd)
existed
(igzstid)
expanded
(ikspndid)
expected
(ikspktid)
explained
(iksplind)
exploded
(ikspludid)
extended
(ikstndid)
faced
(fist)
faded
(fidid)
failed
(fild)
fancied
(fnsid)
fastened
(fsend)
faxed
(fakst)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

earned
(ernd)
educated
(dzukeirid)
embarrassed
(imbrast)
employed
(implid)
emptied
(mptid)
encouraged
(inkridzd)
ended
(ndid)
enjoyed
(indzid)
entered
(nerd)
entertained
(enertind)
escaped
(iskipt)
examined
(igzmind)
excited
(iksirid)
excused
(ikskizd)
exercised
(ksersaizd)
existed
(igzstid)
expanded
(ikspndid)
expected
(ikspktid)
explained
(iksplind)
exploded
(ikspludid)
extended
(ikstndid)
faced
(fist)
faded
(fidid)
failed
(fild)
fancied
(fnsid)
fastened
(fsend)
faxed
(kakst)
13

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

earning

ganar

educating

educar
avergonzar

embarrassing
employing

emplear

emptying

vaciar
alentar

encouranging
ending

finalizar

enjoying

disfrutar

entering

ingresar
entretener

entertaining
escaping

huir

examining

examinar

exciting

excitar

excusing

excusarse
ejercitar

exercising
existing

existir

expanding

expandir

expending

esperar

explaining

explicar

exploding

explotar

extending

extender

facing

enfrentar

fading

decolorarse

failing
fancying

fracasar
imaginar,
desear

fastening

atar

faxing

enviar un fax

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

fear
(far)
fetch
(fech)
file
(fil)
fill
(fil)
film
(film)
finish
(fnish)
fire
(fier)
fit
(fit)
fix
(fiks)
flash
(flash)
float
(flut)
flood
(flad)
flow
(flu)
flower
(fluer)
fold
(fuld)
follow
(flou)
fool
(ful)
force
(fors)
form
(form)
found
(fund)
frame
(frim)
frighten
(friren)
fry
(fri)
gather
(gder)
greet
(grit)
graduate
(grdueit)
grease
(gris)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

fears
fetches
files
fills
films
finishes
fires
fits
fixes
flashes
floats
floods
flows
flowers
folds
follows
fools
forces
forms
founds
frames
frightens
fries
gathers
greets
graduates
greases

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

feared
(fard)
fetched
(fecht)
filed
(fild)
filled
(fild)
filmed
(filmd)
finished
(fnisht)
fired
(fierd)
fitted
(ftid)
fixed
(fikst)
flashed
(flasht)
floated
(flurid)
flooded
(fldid)
flowed
(flud)
flowered
(fluerd)
folded
(fuldid)
followed
(floud)
fooled
(fuld)
forced
(forst)
formed
(formd)
founded
(fundid)
framed
(frimd)
frightened
(frirend)
fried
(frid)
gathered
(gderd)
greeted
(grrid)
graduated
(grdueirid)
greased
(grist)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

feared
(fard)
fetched
(fecht)
filed
(fild)
filled
(fild)
filmed
(filmd)
finished
(fnisht)
fired
(fierd)
fitted
(ftid)
fixed
(fikst)
flashed
(flasht)
floated
(flurid)
flooded
(fldid)
flowed
(flud)
flowered
(fluerd)
folded
(fuldid)
followed
(floud)
fooled
(fuld)
forced
(forst)
formed
(formd)
founded
(fundid)
framed
(frimd)
frightened
(frirend)
fried
(frid)
gathered
(gderd)
greeted
(grrid)
graduated
(grdueirid)
greased
(grist)
14

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

fearing

temer

fetching

ir a buscar

filing

archivar

filling

llenar

filming

filmar

finishing
firing

terminar
disparar,
despedir

fitting

caber, encajar

fixing

reparar

flashing

brillar, centellear

floating

flotar

flooding

inundarse

flowing

fluir, circular

flowering

florecer

folding

doblar

following

seguir, continuar

fooling

Engaar

forcing

forzar

forming

formar

founding

fundar

framing

enmarcar

frightening

asustar

frying

frer

gathering

recoger

greeting

saludar

graduating

graduarse

greasing

engrasar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

groan
(grun)
guess
(ges)
guide
(gid)
hammer
(jmer)
hand
(jand)
hang
(jang)
happen
(jpen)
harm
(jrm)
hate
(jit)
head
(jd)
heat
(jit)
help
(jelp)
hunt
(jant)
hope
(jup)
hug
(jg)
hurry
(jri)
ignore
(ignr)
imagine
(imdzin)
impress
(imprs)
improve
(imprv)
include
(inkld)
increase
(inkrs)
influence
(nfluens)
inform
(infrm)
inject
(indzkt)
injure
(ndzur)
introduce
(introdis)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

groans
guesses
guides
hammers
hands
hangs
happens
harms
hates
heads
heats
helps
hunts
hopes
hugs
hurries
ignores
imagines
impresses
improves
includes
increases
influences
informs
injects
injures
introduces

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

groaned
(grund)
guessed
(gest)
guided
(gidid)
hammered
(jmerd)
handed
(jndid)
hanged
(jangd)
happened
(jpend)
harmed
(jrmd)
hated
(jirid)
headed
(jdid)
heated
(jrid)
helped
(jelpt)
hunted
(jnid)
hoped
(jupt)
hugged
(jgd)
hurried
(jrid)
ignored
(ignrd)
imagined
(imdzind)
impressed
(imprst)
improved
(imprvd)
included
(inkldid)
increased
(inkrst)
influenced
(nfluenst)
informed
(infrmd)
injected
(indzkrid)
injured
(ndzurd)
introduced
(introdist)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

groaned
(grund)
guessed
(gest)
guided
(gidid)
hammered
(jmerd)
handed
(jndid)
hanged
(jangd)
happened
(jpend)
harmed
(jrmd)
hated
(jirid)
headed
(jdid)
heated
(jrid)
helped
(jelpt)
hunted
(jnid)
hoped
(jupt)
hugged
(jgd)
hurried
(jrid)
ignored
(ignrd)
imagined
(imdzind)
impressed
(imprst)
improved
(imprvd)
included
(inkldid)
increased
(inkrst)
influenced
(nfluenst)
informed
(infrmd)
injected
(indzkrid)
injured
(ndzurd)
introduced
(introdist)
15

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

groaning

gruir

guessing

adivinar

guiding

guiar

hammering

martillar

handing

pasar, entregar

hanging

colgar, ahorcar

happening

suceder

harming

daar

hating

odiar

heading

encabezar

heating

calentar

helping

ayudar

hunting
hoping

cazar, ir de caza
esperar con
ansiedad

hugging

abrazar

hurrying

apurarse

ignoring

ignorar

imagining

imaginar

impressing

impresionar

improving

mejorar

including

incluir

increasing

aumentar

influencing

influenciar

informing

informar

injecting

inyectar

injuring

herir, lesionar

introducing

presentar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

instruct
(instrkt)
intend
(intnd)
interest
(ntrest)
interfere
(interfr)
interrupt
(interpt)
invent
(invnt)
invite
(invit)
irritate
(riteit)
jail
(dzil)
join
(dzin)
joke
(dzuk)
judge
(dzadz)
jump
(dzamp)
kick
(kik)
kill
(kil)
kiss
(kis)
kneel
(nil)
knit
(nit)
knock
(nok)
knot
(not)
label
(libl)
land
(land)
last
(last)
laugh
(laf)
launch
(lonch)
level
(lvel)
lick
(lik)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

instructs
intends
interests
interferes
interrpts
invents
invites
irritates
jails
joins
jokes
judges
jumps
kicks
kills
kisses
kneels
knits
knocks
knots
labels
lands
lasts
laughs
launches
levels
licks

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

instructed
(instrkrid)
intended
(intndid)
interested
(ntrestid)
interfered
(interfrd)
interrupted
(interptid)
invented
(invnid)
invited
(invirid)
irritated
(riteirid)
jailed
(dzild)
joined
(dzind)
joked
(dzukt)
judged
(dzadzd)
jumped
(dzampt)
kicked
(kikt)
killed
(kilt)
kissed
(kist)
kneeled
(nild) USA
knitted
(nltid)
knocked
(nokt)
knotted
(ntid)
labelled
(libld)
landed
(lndid)
lasted
(lstid)
laughed
(laft)
launched
(loncht)
levelled
(lveld)
licked
(likt)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

instructed
(instrkrid)
intended
(intndid)
interested
(ntrestid)
interfered
(interfrd)
interrupted
(interptid)
invented
(invnid)
invited
(invirid)
irritated
(riteirid)
jailed
(dzild)
joined
(dzind)
joked
(dzukt)
judged
(dzadzd)
jumped
(dzampt)
kicked
(kikt)
killed
(kilt)
kissed
(kist)
kneeled
(nild) USA
knitted
(ntid)
knocked
(nokt)
knotted
(ntid)
labelled
(libld)
landed
(lndid)
lasted
(lstid)
laughed
(laft)
launched
(loncht)
levelled
(lveld)
licked
(likt)
16

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

instruct

instruir

intending

intentar

interesting

interesar

interfering

interferir

interrupting

interrumpir

inventing

inventar

inviting

invitar

irritating

irritar

jailing

encarcelar

joining

unir, juntar

joking

bromear

judging

juzgar

jumping

saltar

kick

patear

killing

matar

kissing

besar

kneeling

arrodillarse

knitting

tejer

knocking

golpear

knotting

anudar

labelling

etiquetar

landing

aterrizar

lasting

durar

laughing

rerse

launching

lanzar

levelling

nivelar

licking

lamer

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

lighten
(litn)
like
(lik)
list
(list)
listen
(lsen)
live
(liv)
load
(lud)
lock
(lok)
long
(long)
look
(luk)
love
(lav)
manage
(mnidz)
march
(march)
mark
(mark)
marry
(mri)
match
(mach)
measure
(mshar)
melt
(melt)
memorise
(mmoraiz)
mend
(mend)
milk
(milk)
miss
(mis)
mix
(miks)
move
(muv)
multiply
(mltplai)
murder
(mrder)
nail
(nil)
name
(nim)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

lightens
likes
lists
listens
lives
loads
locks
longs
looks
loves
manages
marches
marks
marries
matches
measures
melts
memorises
mends
milks
misses
mixes
moves
multiplies
murders
nails
names

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

lightened
(litnd)
liked
(likt)
listed
(lstid)
listened
(lsend)
lived
(livd)
loaded
(ludid)
locked
(lokt)
longed
(longd)
looked
(lukt)
loved
(lavd)
managed
(mnidzd)
marched
(marcht)
marked
(markt)
married
(mrid)
matched
(macht)
measured
(mshard)
melted
(mltid)
memorized
(mmoraizd)
mended
(mndid)
milked
(milkt)
missed
(mist)
mixed
(mikst)
moved
(muvd)
multiplied
(mlt-plid)
murdered
(mrderd)
nailed
(nild)
named
(nimd)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

lightened
(litnd)
liked
(likt)
listed
(lstid)
listened
(lsend)
lived
(livd)
loaded
(ludid)
locked
(lokt)
longed
(longd)
looked
(lukt)
loved
(lavd)
managed
(mnidzd)
marched
(marcht)
marked
(markt)
married
(mrid)
matched
(macht)
measured
(mshard)
melted
(mltid)
memorized
(mmoraizd)
mended
(mndid)
milked
(milkt)
missed
(mist)
mixed
(mikst)
moved
(muvd)
multiplied
(mlt-plid)
murdered
(mrderd)
nailed
(nild)
named
(nimd)
17

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

lightening

iluminar,
alivianar

liking

gustar

listing

listar

listening

escuchar

living

vivir

loading

cargar

locking

cerrar con llave

longing

durar

looking

mirar

loving

amar

managing

administrar

marching

marchar

marking

marcar

marrying

casarse

matching

hacer juego

measuring

medir

melting

derretirse
memorizar

memorising
mending

remendar

milking

ordear

missing

perder, extraar

mixing

mezclar

moving

mover, mudarse

multiplying

multiplicar

murdering

asesinar

nailing

clavar

naming

nombrar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

need
(nid)
note
(nut)
notice
(nuris)
number
(nmber)
obey
(obi)
object
(obdzkt)
observe
(obsrv)
obtain
(obtin)
offend
(ofnd)
offer
(fer)
open
(upen)
order
(rder)
overflow (ou
verflu)
owe
(u)
pack
(pak)
paint
(pint)
park
(park)
pass
(pas)
paste
(pist)
pat
(pat)
pause
(poz)
pedal
(pdal)
peel
(pil)
peep
(pip)
perform
(perfrm)
phone
(fun)
pick
(pik)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

needs
notes
notices
numbers
obeys
objects
observes
obtains
offends
offers
opens
orders
overflows
owes
packs
paints
parks
passes
pastes
pats
pauses
pedals
peels
peeps
performs
phones
picks

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

needed
(ndid)
noted
(nurid)
noticed
(nurist)
numbered
(nmberd)
obeyed
(obid)
objected
(obdzktid)
observed
(obsrvd)
obtained
(obtind)
offended
(ofndid)
offered
(ferd)
opened
(upend)
ordered
(rderd)
overflowed
(ouverflud)
owed
(ud)
packed
(pakt)
painted
(pinid)
parked
(parkt)
passed
(past)
pasted
(pistid)
patted
(prid)
paused
(pozd)
pedalled
(pdald)
peeled
(pild)
peeped
(pipt)
performed
(perfrmd)
phoned
(fund)
picked
(pikt)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

needed
(ndid)
noted
(nurid)
noticed
(nurist)
numbered
(nmberd)
obeyed
(obid)
objected
(obdzktid)
observed
(obsrvd)
obtained
(obtind)
offended
(ofndid)
offered
(ferd)
opened
(upend)
ordered
(rderd)
overflowed
(ouverflud)
owed
(ud)
packed
(pakt)
painted
(pinid)
parked
(parkt)
passed
(past)
pasted
(pistid)
patted
(prid)
paused
(pozd)
pedalled
(pdald)
peeled
(pild)
peeped
(pipt)
performed
(perfrmd)
phoned
(fund)
picked
(pikt)
18

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

needing

MEANING

noting

necesitar
advertir, fijarse
en

noticing

prestar atencin

numbering

numerar

obeying

obedecer

objecting

objetar

observing

observar

obtaining

obtener

offending

ofender

offering

ofrecer

opening

abrir

ordering

ordenar, pedir

overflowing

inundar

owing

adeudar

packing

empacar

painting

Pintar

parking

Estacionar

passing

pasar, aprobar

pasting

Pegar

patting

acariciar

pausing

detenerse

pedalling

pedalear

peeling

pelar
echar una
ojeada

peeping
performing
phoning
picking

ejecutar
llamar por
telfono
recoger,
levantar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

plan
(plan)
plant
(plant)
place
(plis)
play
(pli)
please
(pliz)
plug
(plag)
point
(pint)
polish
(plish)
possess
(poss)
post
(pust)
pour
(por)
practise
(prktis)
pray
(pri)
precede
(prousd)
prefer
(prfr)
prepare
(pripr)
present
(priznt)
press
(pres)
pretend
(pritnd)
prevent
(privnt)
print
(print)
produce
(prods)
program
(prgram)
promise
(prmis)
protect
(protkt)
provide
(provid)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

plans
plants
places
plays

pleases
plugs
points
polishes
possesses
posts
pours
practises
prays
precedes
prefers
prepares
presents
presses
pretends
prevents
prints
produces
programs
promises
protects
provides

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

PAST
PARTICIPLE

planned
(pland)
planted
(plnid)
placed
(plist)
played
(plid)

planned
(pland)
planted
(plnid)
placed
(plist)
played
(plid)

pleased
(plizd)
plugged
(plagd)
pointed
(pinid)
polished
(plisht)
possessed
(posst)
posted
(pustid)
poured
(pord)
practised
(prktist)
prayed
(prid)
preceded
(prousdid)
preferred
(prifrd)
prepared
(priprd)
presented
(priznid)
pressed
(prest)
pretended
(pritnid)
prevented
(privnid)
printed
(prnid)
produced
(prodst)
programmed
(prgramd)
promised
(prmist)
protected
(protktid)
provided
(providid)

pleased
(plizd)
plugged
(plagd)
pointed
(pinid)
polished
(plisht)
possessed
(posst)
posted
(pustid)
poured
(pord)
practised
(prktist)
prayed
(prid)
preceded
(prousdid)
preferred
(prifrd)
prepared
(priprd)
presented
(priznid)
pressed
(prest)
pretended
(pritnid)
prevented
(privnid)
printed
(prnid)
produced
(prodst)
programmed
(prgramd)
promised
(prmist)
protected
(protktid)
provided
(providid)
19

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

planning

planear,
planificar

planting

plantar

placing

ubicar
tocar un
instrumento,
jugar

playing

pleasing

complacer

plugging

conectar

pointing

sealar

polishing

lustrar

possessing
posting

poseer
enviar por
correo

pouring

derramar

practising

practicar

prying

rezar

preceding

preceder

preferring

preferir

preparing

pressing

preparar
presentar,
regalar
presionar,
apretar

pretending

fingir

preventing

impedir

printing

imprimir

producing

producir
programar

presenting

programming
promising

prometer

protecting

proteger

providing

proveer

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

pull
(pul)
pump
(pamp)
punish
(pnish)
push
(push)
queue
(ki)
rain
(rin)
raise
(riz)
reach
(rich)
realise
(ralaiz)
receive
(risv)
recognise
(rkognaiz)
record
(rikrd)
reduce
(ridis)
reflect
(riflkt)
refuse
(rifiz)
regret
(rigrt)
relax
(rilks)
release
(rils)
rely
(reli)
remain
(rimin)
remember
(rimmber)
remind
(rimind)
remove
(rimv)
rent
(rent)
repair
(ripr)
repeat
(ript)
replace
(riplis)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

pulls
pumps
punishes
pushes
queues
rains
raises
reaches
realises
receives
recognises
records
reduces
reflects
refuses
regrets
relaxes
releases
relies
remains
remembers
reminds
removes
rents
repairs
repeats
replaces

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

pulled
(puld)
pumped
(pampt)
punished
(pnisht)
pushed
(pusht)
queued
(kid)
rained
(rind)
raised
(rizd)
reached
(richt)
realised
(ralaizd)
received
(risvd)
recognised
(rkognaizd)
recorded
(rikrdid)
reduced (ridi
st)
reflected
(riflktid)
refused
(rifizd)
regretted
(rigrtid)
relaxed
(rilkst)
released
(rilst)
relied
(relid)
remained
(rimind)
remembered
(rimmberd)
reminded
(rimindid)
removed
(rimvd)
rent
(rnid)
repaired
(riprd)
repeated
(riprid)
replaced
(riplist)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

pulled
(puld)
pumped
(pampt)
punished
(pnisht)
pushed
(pusht)
queued
(kid)
rained
(rind)
raised
(rizd)
reached
(richt)
realised
(ralaizd)
received
(risvd)
recognised
(rkognaizd)
recorded
(rikrdid)
reduced
(ridist)
reflected
(riflktid)
refused
(rifizd)
regretted
(rigrtid)
relaxed
(rilkst)
released
(rilst)
relied
(relid)
remained
(rimind)
remembered
(rimmberd)
reminded
(rimindid)
removed
(rimvd)
rent
(rnid)
repaired
(riprd)
repeated
(riprid)
replaced
(riplist)
20

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

pulling

tirar de

pumping

bombear

punishing

castigar

pushing

empujar

queueing

hacer cola

raining

llover

raising

levantar

reaching

alcanzar

realising

darse cuenta

receiving

recibir

recognising

reconocer

recording

grabar

reducing

reducir

reflecting

reflejar

refusing

rechazar

regretting

lamentarse

relaxing

relajarse

releasing

soltar

relying

transmitir

remaining

permanecer
recordar

remembering
reminding

acordarse de

removing

eliminar

renting

alquilar

repairing

reparar

repeating

repetir

replacing

reemplazar

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

reply
(repli)
report
(riprt)
reproduce
(riprodis)
request
(rikust)
rescue
(rskiu)
retire
(ritir)
return
(ritrn)
rhyme
(rim)
rinse
(rins)
risk
(risk)
rob
(rb)
row
(ru)
rub
(rab)
ruin
(rin)
rule
(rul)
sack
(sak)
sail
(sil)
satisfy
(satisfi)
save
(siv)
scream
(skrim)
screw
(skru)
seal
(sil)
search
(serch)
separate
(spareit)
serve
(serv)
settle
(setl)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

replies
reports
reproduces
resquests
rescues
retires
returns
rhymes
rinses
risks
robs
rows
rubs
ruins
rules
sacks
sails
satisfies
saves
screams
screws
seals
searches
separates
serves
settles

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

PAST
PARTICIPLE

replied
(replit)
reported
(riprid)
Reproduced
(riprodist)
requested
(rikustid)
rescued
(rskiud)
retired
(ritird)
returned
(ritrnd)
rhymed
(rimd)
rinsed
(rinst)
risked
(riskt)
robbed
(rbd)
rowed
(rud)
rubbed
(rbd)
ruined
(rind)
ruled
(ruld)
sacked
(sakt)
Sailed
(sild)
satisfied
(satisfid)

replied
(replit)
reported
(riprid)
Reproduced
(riprodist)
requested
(rikustid)
rescued
(rskiud)
retired
(ritird)
returned
(ritrnd)
rhymed
(rimd)
rinsed
(rinst)
risked
(riskt)
robbed
(rbd)
rowed
(rud)
rubbed
(rbd)
ruined
(rind)
ruled
(ruld)
sacked
(sakt)
sailed
(sild)
satisfied
(satisfid)

saved (sivd)
screamed
(skrimd)
screwed
(skrud)
sealed
(sild)
searched
(sercht)
separated
(spareirid)
served
(servd)
settled
(setld)

saved
(sivd)
screamed
(skrimd)
screwed
(skrud)
sealed
(sild)
searched
(sercht)
separated
(spareirid)
served
(servd)
settled
(setld)
21

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

replying

responder

reporting

informar
reproducir

reproducing
requesting

solicitar

rescueing

rescatar

retiring

jubilarse

returning

regresar

rhyming

rimar

rinssing

enjuagar

risking

arriesgar

robbing

robar

rowing

remar

rubbing

frotar

ruining

arruinar

ruling

regir, dominar

sacking

despedir

sailing

navegar

satisfying

satisfacer

saving

salvar, ahorrar,
guardar

screaming

gritar

screwing

atornillar

sealing

sellar

searching

buscar

separeting

separar

serving

servir

settling

establecer

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

share
(sher)
shave
(shiv)
shelter
(shlter)
shop
(shop)
sigh
(si)
sign
(sin)
signal
(sgnal)
sin
(sn)
ski
(ski)
skip
(skp)
slip
(slp)
slow
(slu)
smell
(smel)
smile
(smil)
smoke
(smuk)
sneeze
(sniz)
snore
(snor)
snow
(snu)
soak
(suk)
sound
(sund)
spell
(spel)
spill
(spil)
spoil
(spil)
spray
(spri)
start
(start)
stay
(sti)
stop
(stop)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

shares
shaves
shelters
shops
sighs
signs
signals
sins
skis
skips
slips
slows
smells
smiles
smokes
sneezes
snores
snows
soaks
sounds
spells
spills
spoils
sprays
starts
stays
stops

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

shared
(sherd)
shaved
(shivd)
sheltered
(shlterd)
shopped
(shpt)
sighed
(sid)
signed
(sind)
signalled
(sgnald)
sinned
(snd)
skied
(skid)
skipped
(skpt)
slipped
(slpt)
slowed
(slud)
smelled
(smeld)
smiled
(smild)
smoked
(smukt)
sneezed
(snizd)
snored
(snord)
snowed
(snud)
soaked
(sukt)
sounded
(sundid)
spelled
(speld)
spilled
(spild)
spoiled
(spild)
sprayed
(sprid)
started
(strid)
stayed
(stid)
stopped
(stpt)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

shared
(sherd)
shaved
(shivd)
sheltered
(shlterd)
shopped
(shpt)
sighed
(sid)
signed
(sind)
signalled
(sgnald)
sinned
(snd)
skied
(skid)
skipped
(skpt)
slipped
(slpt)
slowed
(slud)
smelled
(smeld)
smiled
(smild)
smoked
(smukt)
sneezed
(snizd)
snored
(snord)
snowed
(snud)
soaked
(sukt)
sounded
(sundid)
spelled
(speld)
spilled
(spild)
spoiled
(spild)
sprayed
(sprid)
started
(strid)
stayed
(stid)
stopped
(stpt)
22

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

sharing

compartir

shaving
sheltering

afeitarse
proteger,
resguardar

shopping

comprar

sighing

suspirar

signing

firmar

signaling

hacer seales

sinning

pecar

skiing

esquiar

skipping

saltearse

slipping
slowing

deslizarse
disminuir la
velocidad

smelling

oler

smiling

sonrer

smoking

fumar

sneezing

estornudar

snoring

roncar

snowing

nevar

soaking

empapar

sounding

sonar

spelling

deletrear

spilling

derramar

spoiling

malcriar

spraying

vaporizar
arrancar,
comenzar
quedarse,
permanecer
pararse,
detenerse

starting
staying
stopping

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

store
(stor)
stretch
(strech)
succeed
(saksd)
suffer
(sfer)
suggest
(sadzst)
supply
(sapli)
support
(saprt)
suppose
(supus)
surprise
(supriz)
surround
(surund)
suspect
(saspkt)
suspend
(saspnd)
switch
(such)
talk
(tok)
taste
(tist)
tease
(tiz)
telephone
(tlefoun)
tempt
(tempt)
terrify
(trrifai)
test
(test)
thank
(senk)
tick
(tik)
tidy
(tidi)
tie
(ti)
tip
(tp)
touch
(tach)
tow
(tu)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

stores
stretches
succeeds
suffers
suggests
supplies
supports
supposes
surprises
surrounds
suspects
suspends
switches
talks
tastes
teases
telephones
tempts
terrifies
tests
thanks
ticks
tidies
ties
tips
touches
tows

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

stored
(stord)
stretched
(strecht)
succeeded
(saksdid)
suffered
(sferd)
suggested
(sadzstid)
supplied
(saplid)
supported
(saprid)
supposed
(supust)
surprised
(suprizd)
surrounded
(surunid)
suspected
(saspktid)
suspended
(saspnid)
switched
(sucht)
talked
(tokt)
tasted
(tistid)
teased
(tizd)
telephoned
(tlefound)
tempted
(tmptid)
terrified
(trri-fid)
tested
(tstid)
thanked
(senkt)
ticked
(tikt)
tidied
(tidid)
tied
(tid)
tipped
(tpt)
touched
(tacht)
towed
(tud)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

stored
(stord)
stretched
(strecht)
succeeded
(saksdid)
suffered
(sferd)
suggested
(sadzstid)
supplied
(saplid)
supported
(saprid)
supposed
(supust)
surprised
(suprizd)
surrounded
(surunid)
suspected
(saspktid)
suspended
(saspnid)
switched
(sucht)
talked
(tokt)
tasted
(tistid)
teased
(tizd)
telephoned
(tlefound)
tempted
(tmptid)
terrified
(trri-fid)
tested
(tstid)
thanked
(senkt)
ticked
(tikt)
tidied
(tidid)
tied
(tid)
tipped
(tpt)
touched
(tacht)
towed
(tud)
23

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

storing

almacenar

stretching

estirar

succeeding

tener xito

suffering

sufrir

suggesting

sugerir

supplying

proveer

supporting

apoyar

supposing

suponer

surprising

sorprender

Surrounding

rodear

suspecting

sospechar

suspending
switching

colgar
cambiar,
enchufar

talking

conversar

tasting

telephoning

saborear
tomar el pelo,
atormentar
llamar por
telfono

tempting

tentar

terrifying

aterrorizar

testing

comprobar

thanking

agradecer

ticking

tildar, marcar

tidying

ordenar

tying

atar

tipping

dar propina

touching

tocar

towing

remolcar

teasing

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

trade
(trid)
train
(trin)
transport
(transprt)
travel
(trvel)
tremble
(trembl)
trust
(trast)
try
(tri)
turn
(tern)
twist
(tust)
type
(tip)
use
(iz)
vanish
(vnish)
visit
(vsit)
wait
(wit)
walk
(wok)
want
(wont)
warn
(worn)
wash
(wosh)
waste
(wist)
watch
(woch)
weigh
(wi)
welcome
(wlkam)

whisper
(wsper)
whistle
(wisl)
wipe
(wip)
wish
(wish)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

trades
trains
transports
travels
trembles
trusts
tries
turns
twists
types
uses
vanishes
visits
waits
walks
wants
warns
washes
wastes
watches
weighs
welcomes

whispers
whistles
wipes
wishes

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

PAST
PARTICIPLE

traded
(tridid)
trained
(trind)
transported
(transprid)
travelled
(trveld)
trembled
(trembld)
trusted
(trstid)
tried
(trid)
turned
(ternd)
twisted
(tustid)
typed
(tipt)
used
(izd)
vanished
(vnisht)
visited
(vsirid)
waited
(wirid)
walked
(wokt)
wanted
(wnid)
warned
(wornd)
washed
(wosht)
wasted
(wistid)
watched
(wocht)
weighed
(wirid)
welcomed
(wlkamd)

traded
(tridid)
trained
(trind)
transported
(transprid)
travelled
(trveld)
trembled
(trembld)
trusted
(trstid)
tried
(trid)
turned
(ternd)
twisted
(tustid)
typed
(tipt)
used
(izd)
vanished
(vnisht)
visited
(vsirid)
waited
(wirid)
walked
(wokt)
wanted
(wnid)
warned
(wornd)
washed
(wosht)
wasted
(wistid)
watched
(wocht)
weighed
(wirid)
welcomed
(wlkamd)

whispered
(wsperd)
whistle
(wisld)
wiped
(wipt)
wished
(wisht)

whispered
(wsperd)
whistle
(wisld)
wiped
(wipt)
wished
(wisht)
24

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

trading
training

MEANING

comerciar,
negociar
entrenar
transportar

transporting
travelling

viajar

trembling

temblar

trusting

confiar

trying

tratar, intentar
volver, dar
vuelta

turning
twisting
typing

doblar
escribir a
mquina

using

Usar

vanishing

desaparecer

visiting

visitar

waiting

esperar

walking

caminar

wanting

querer

warning

advertir

washing
wasting

lavar
gastar,
desperdiciar

watching

vigilar

weighing
welcoming

pesar
agradecer,
recibir,
dar la
bienvenida,

whispering

susurrar

whistle

silbar

wiping

limpiar, secar

wishing

desear

Regular and Irregular Verbs

INFINITIVE

wonder
(wnder)
work
(werk)
worry
(uri)
yawn
(in)
yell
(il)
zoom
(zum)

THIRD
PERSON
SINGULAR

wonders
works
worries
yawn
yells
zooms

W. A. Arohuanca Q.
PAST

wondered
(wnderd)
worked
(werkt)
worried
(urid)
yawned
(ind)
yelled
(ild)
zoomed
(zumd)

PAST
PARTICIPLE

wondered
(wnderd)
worked
(werkt)
worried
(urid)
yawned
(ind)
yelled
(ild)
zoomed
(zumd)

25

GERUND or
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

wondering

imaginarse,
preguntarse

working

trabajar

worrying

preocuparse

yawning

bostezar

yelling

gritar
pasar muy
rpido, acercar

zooming

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Main idea: Events with no particular time, for example: general truths, complete
events and unchanging situations in present time.

Infinitive

I
You
We
They

like

ice-cream.

Third person singular

He
She
It

I
You
We
They

likes

do not

ice-cream.

like

ice-cream.

Infinitive

He
She
It

does not

like

26

icecream.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

I
You
We
They

Do

Does

he
she
it

like

like

27

ice-cream?

ice-cram?

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Main idea: Completed actions and events in past time.

I
You
He
She
It
We
They
I
You
He
She
It
We
They

Regular verb in past

danced

saya last year.

Irregular verb in past

wrote

28

a poem yesterday.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

You
He
She
It
We
They

did not

dance

saya last year.

Infinitive

I
You
He
She
It
We
They

Did

did not

you
he
she
it
we
they

write

write

a poem yesterday.

a poem yesterday ?

Infinitive

Did

you
he
she
it
we
they

dance

29

saya last year ?

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Main idea: Actions or events happening now or developing.

am

He
She
It

is

You
We
They

watching

swimming

are

writing

TV at the moment.

now.

the letter today.

Gerund or present participle

He
Sh
e
It

You
We
They

am not

is not

are not

watching

swimming

writing

30

TV at the moment.

no
w.

the letter today.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

Is

Are

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

he
she
it

you
we
they

swimming

writing

31

now ?

the letter today ?

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Main idea: Incomplete or interrupted past actions or events.

I
He
She
It

was

swimming

yesterday ?

Gerund or present participle

You
We
They

were

I
He
She
It

writing

was not

the letter last night ?

swimming

yesterday.

Gerund or present participle

You
We
They

Was

were not

he
she
it

writing

swimming

the letter last night.

yesterday ?

Gerund or present participle

Were

you
we
they

writing

32

the letter last night ?

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Main idea: Suggest certainty; starting what you know will happen.

I
You
We
They
He
She
It

Infinitive

will

I
You
We
They
He
She
It

Will

arrive

late.

Infinitive

will not

you
we
they
he
she
it

arrive

late.

Infinitive

arrive

33

late ?

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Main idea: Connect the present with the future.

am

He
She
It

You
We
They

going to

is

are

am not

He
She
It

You
We
They

watch

going to

going

going to

is not

are not

tv in the afternoon.

swim

write

watch

going to

going to

34

the letter
tomorrow.

tv in the afternoon.

swim

write

at 10
o'clock.

at 10
o'clock.

the letter
tomorrow.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Is

he
she
it

Are

you
we
they

going to

swim

going to

writing

35

the letter ?

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Main idea: Connects the past with the present: Completed or unchanging actions
or events. Notice that this tense cannot generally be used when a reference to a
particular point or period (last week, in January, at 3 a.m.) is given or is possible.

I
You
We
They

He
She
It

have

studied

french.

Regular verb in past participle

has

drunk

some wine.

Irregular verb in past participle

I
You
We
They

have not

studied

french.

Regular verb in past participle

He
She
It

has not

drunk

Irregular verb in past participle

36

some wine.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

Have

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

you
we
they

studied

french?

Regular verb in past participle

Has

he
she
it

drunk

some wine?

Irregular verb in past participle

37

Regular and Irregular Verbs

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

Main idea: Complete actions or events that happened before another point in the
past.

I
You
We
They

had

studied

french.

Regular verb in past participle

He
She
It

had

drunk

some wine.

Irregular verb in past participle

I
You
We
They

had not

studied

french.

Regular verb in past participle

He
She
It

had not

drunk

Irregular verb in past participle

38

some wine.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

Had

W. A. Arohuanca Q.

you
we
they

studied

french?

Regular verb in past participle

Had

he
she
it

drunk

Irregular verb in past participle

39

some wine?