Massimo Ombra , Francesco Di Noto , Johann Jaffrain , Stuart Lansburg and Jol Brunarie
1
I.
INTRODUCTION
5.2
5.2
5.2
Maintenance free
the
rethe
re-
Figure 7: Shows the length of time (hours) it takes to reach a full SoC across
various current ratings at 20 deg C. It also takes into account the DoD.
5.2
Figure 8: The expected number of cycles, with 100% SoC, at 20 deg C and
at 0.75x (max. charge current) is shown as a function of the %DoD.
Table 1: Calendar lifetime of Evolion.
Temperature (deg C/deg F)
20 / 77
20
30 / 86
14
40 / 104
10
FUEL CONSUMPTION
AVERAGE
LOAD
[kW]
INDEPENDENCY
PER DAY
[LITERS/DAY]
PER
kWh supplied
[LITERS/kWh]
PMG GENERATOR
BATTERY
RUNNING
HOURS
PER DAY
LIFETIME
[YEARS]
CYCLES
PER
DAY
LIFETIME
[YEARS]
1,0
9,6
0,400
156
4,17
11,8
4,2
12,4
1,5
14,4
0,399
104
5,98
8,2
3,2
16,3
2,0
19,6
0,408
76
7,65
6,4
6,4
6,8
2,5
24,2
0,403
62
8,46
5,8
6,4
5,2
3,0
28,3
0,393
53
9,2
5,4
7,4
4,5
5.2
Figure 10: Comparison of the cumulative TCO between HIM and conventional
Diesel system
CONCLUSIONS
This paper demonstrates the benefits of selecting the right subsystems to generate and store power. Systems focused on
include permanent magnetic engines, li-Ion battery technology
and optimized control systems that can be used to design
hybrid systems relevant for the telecoms industry especially
within a BTS.
The benefits of the HIM, when compared to conventional pure
diesel generator systems, are evident both in terms of technical
and performance features and abilities. Furthermore, a HIM
system can save weight, space and offer a longer operating
life.
5.2
ABBREVIATIONS
BTS : Base Transceiver Stations
BSC : Base Station Controllers
CO : Central Offices
DG : Diesel Generator
DoD : Depth of Discharge
GWP : Global Warming Potential
HIM : Hybrid Integrated Module
LA : Lead Acid
LCA : Life Cycle Assessment
MSC : Mobile Switching Center
PMG : Permanent Magnetic Generator
SOC : State of charge
SOH : State of health
TCO : Total Cost of Ownership
VRLA : Valve regulated Lead-Acid (battery)
REFERENCES
[1] M.Broussely, F.Perton, J.Labat, R.J.Staniewicz and
A.Romero, Journal of Power Sources, 43-44, 65-74 (1993)
[2] B.Simon, J.P.Boeuve, SAFT patents, FR 94 04889 (1994), EP
0683537 , US 5,626,981I
[3] M.Broussely, P.Biensan, S.Herreyre, F.Bonhomme,
K.Nechev, R.Staniewicz, Extended Abstract 46, 12th IMLB, Nara 2004, to
be published in Journal of Power Sources.
[4] GSMA green Power for Mobile: Top ten findings
[5] UN3480, Hazardous Materials: Transportation of
Lithium Batteries
[6] GR3150, Generic Requirements for Secondary Non- Aqueous
Lithium Batteries
[7] NEBS level III, SR3580, NEBS Criteria Levels
[8] CEI 60950, Information technology equipment Safety
General Requirements
[9] UL-CSA 60959
[10] ETSI
300019,
Environmental
Engineering
(EE); Environmental
conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment
[11] CE Marking
[12] J.Brunarie,
George Myerscough,
Ake Nystrom, Jan Ronsen Delivering cost savings and environmental benefits with hybrid power Intelec
2009