Score/Rating:

Name: Albiso, Kimberly Mae E.___Subject: GNAS 3_____ Time Schedule: 8:00 11:00
Plate No. 2
1. Differentiate refracting telescope from reflecting telescope.
Refractor telescopes are telescopes that use lenses to gather and focus light.
Refractors deliver sharp, high-contrast images with crisp views of the moon, planets and
stars. They are known for their rugged simplicity. They are easy to aim. Reflectors, on the
other hand, are telescopes that use mirrors. They most commonly use a concave main
mirror at the bottom of the tube, which focuses light back up to the top of the tube. There,
a small flat mirror deflects the light at right angles to an eyepiece on the side of the tube.
Reflectors offer more apertures (objective lens diameter) for the money than refractors,
providing enough light to reveal hundreds of deep-sky objects as well as show details of
the moon and planets.
2. Identify the three types of galaxies as you describe each type.
Elliptical galaxies are shaped like a spheroid, or elongated sphere. They look like
elliptical, or oval, shaped disks. The light is smooth, with the surface brightness
decreasing as you go farther out from the center.
Spiral galaxies have three main components: a bulge, disk, and halo. The bulge is a
spherical structure found in the center of the galaxy. Mostly contains older stars. The disk
is made up of dust, gas, and younger stars. The disk forms arm structures. Our Sun is
located in an arm of our galaxy, the Milky Way. The halo of a galaxy is a loose, spherical
structure located around the bulge and some of the disk. It contains old clusters of stars,
known as globular clusters.
Irregular galaxies have no regular or symmetrical structure.
3. What is the Milky Way? Describe its shape.
The Milky Way is our solar system. Its shape is the barred spiral galaxy since it has
the three main components the bulge, disk, and halo.
4. What is a Star?
A star is a luminous ball of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium, held together by its
own gravity. Nuclear fusion reactions in its core support the star against gravity and
produce photons and heat, as well as small amounts of heavier elements. The Sun is the
closest star to Earth.
5. List the four Types of stars. Describe each.
Main Sequence Stars are the central band of stars. These stars' energy comes from
nuclear fusion, as they convert Hydrogen to Helium. Most stars (about 90%) are Main
Sequence Stars. For these stars, the hotter they are, the brighter they are. The sun is a
typical Main Sequence star.
Giants are either red giant or blue giant A red giant is a relatively old star whose
diameter is about 100 times bigger than it was originally, and had become cooler while
blue giant is a huge, very hot, blue star. It is a post-main sequence star that burns helium.
Supergiants are the largest known type of star; some are almost as large as our entire
solar system. These stars are rare. When supergiants die they become supernova or black
holes.

White Dwarf is a small, very dense, hot star that is made mostly of carbon. These
faint stars are what remains after a red giant star loses its outer layers
6. Describe the Solar system.
The Solar System is made up of all the planets that orbit our Sun. In addition to
planets, the Solar System also consists of moons, comets, asteroids, minor planets, and
dust and gas. Everything in the Solar System orbits or revolves around the Sun.
7. Where does the stars originate? Explain.
Stars coalesce from clouds of dust and interstellar plasma that collapse under their
own gravity, until the interior becomes hot enough to sustain nuclear fusion. The clouds of
interstellar plasma come from the Big Bang, but the dust comes from the supernovae of
other stars.
8. Draw the cross-sectional area of the sun and label its parts.

9. Describe how the Sun produces its energy.

The sun produces energy through nuclear fusion. The sun is a large ball of hydrogen
and helium undergoing constant nuclear fusion, in which atoms of hydrogen combine to
form helium and release a large quantity of energy.
10. Describe the three regions of the sun.
First is the Corona, which is the sun's plasma 'atmosphere'. This is easily seen during
an eclipse. This consists of three parts, the K-, E- and F-corona
The second is the Chromosphere or color sphere. This is a 10,000km deep layer that
gives the sun its color hue.
The third is the Photosphere which is where the sun gets its main glow. This is the
area where the gases become opaque.
11. Differentiate solar from lunar eclipse.
Lunar eclipse is when the Earth is between the sun and the moon while Solar eclipses
is when the moon is in the middle, blocking Earth from the Suns light.
12. How do eclipses occur?
Lunar eclipse happens when the Earth is aligned in a perfect (or very close) straight
line between the sun and the moon. As a result, the moon is completely shadowed by
Earth, preventing any of the Suns rays from reaching the moon and causing it to turn a
hint of red.
Solar eclipses work in the same way except this time the moon is in the middle,
blocking Earth from the Suns light.

Score/Rating:

Name: Albiso, Kimberly Mae E.___Subject: GNAS 3_____ Time Schedule: 8:00 11:00
Plate No. 3
1. Identify the four gases that make up our atmosphere and give approximate percentage.
The four gases that make up our atmosphere are Nitrogen approximately 78%,
Oxygen 20.95%, Argon 0.93%, and Carbon Dioxide which is 0.038%.
2. What is atmospheric pressure?
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere, which
at sea level has a mean value of 101,325 pascals (roughly 14.6959 lb/square inch).
3. What happens to the air temperature as the gas molecules that make up air move about
more rapidly?
The temperature will rise if air temperature as the gas molecules move about more
rapidly.
4. Describe Greenhouse Effect.
Greenhouse Effect is the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere
due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to
infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
5. List the components that make up the Greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and
ozone.
6. Describe how water moves into and out of the atmosphere.
First, the heat from the Sun causes water to evaporate from the surface of lakes and
oceans. This turns the liquid water into water vapor in the atmosphere. Plants, too, help
water get into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration. After absorbing water
from the ground, plants sweat water vapor through their leaves to stay cool. Water can
also get into the atmosphere from snow and ice. Instead of melting, some frozen water
changes into water vapor gas and goes into the atmosphere through a process called
sublimation.
7. What is a cloud?
Clouds are made of tiny drops of water or ice crystals that settle on dust particles in
the atmosphere.
8. Explain how water vapor condenses into water droplets to form cloud.
Clouds form when the invisible water vapour in the air condenses into visible water
droplets or ice crystals. There are also tiny particles floating around in the air - such as salt
and dust - these are called aerosols. The water vapour and the aerosols are constantly
bumping into each other. When the air is cooled, some of the water vapour sticks to the
aerosols when they collide (condensation). Eventually, bigger water droplets form around
the aerosol particles, and these water droplets start sticking together with other droplets,
forming clouds.

9. What are the different types of clouds?

Cirrus clouds are short, detached, hair-like clouds. They are wispy with a silky sheen
or look like tufts of hair. In the day time, they are whiter than any other cloud in the sky.
Cumulus clouds are detached cauliflower shaped clouds usually spotted in fair
weather. If they get bigger they can sometimes produce showers. The top of these clouds
are mostly brilliant white when lit by the sun, although their base is usually relatively
dark.
Stratus clouds are very low-level grey layers or patches of clouds with fuzzy edges.
They are the lowest clouds and sometimes appear at ground level in the form of mist or
fog. These clouds are a fairly uniform grey or white color and may be accompanied by
drizzle, snow or snow grains.
10. What are the main parts of the water cycle? Why is it called a cycle?
The water cycle is a complex system involving a number of physical and chemical
processes which is evaporation, precipitation, and infiltration. Then it stores in rivers,
oceans, and soil. It is called cycle cause the process is repeating in the same order.