Book

Of
&
By: Jason Flach

Key:
Names of minerals in the three rock sections
will be italicized
Igneous rocks can be found on the blue
colored pages
Sedimentary rocks can be found on the
green colored pages
Metamorphic rocks can be found on the
orange colored pages
Minerals can be found on the red colored
pages

Igneous
rocks

Granite
Granite is a coarse grained rock, meaning
that the pieces that make it up are 1mm or
larger. Coarse grains are formed because of slow
cooling during formation. Granite contains
mostly quartz and feldspar minerals.

Fun Fact: Granite was used to

make both the pyramids in
Egypt and Stonehenge in
England!

Obsidian
Obsidian is actually volcanic glass that
forms from very rapid cooling. There are no
crystals in this rock because they didnt have
time to form. Molten material comes out of
volcanoes and cools extremely fast.

Fun Fact: Obsidian used to be

used as tools like arrow heads
or knives!

Andesite
Andesite is a fine grained, extrusive rock.
That means that this rock has grains less than .
25mm in size and was formed on the surface of
the earth. This rock is primarily composed of
plagioclase, but also includes other minerals
like hornblende, biotite, and pyroxene.

Fun Fact: Andesite is the main rock that

makes up Mt. Rainier, the highest
mountain in the Cascade Range. Mt.
Rainier is also an active volcano!

Basalt
Basalt is a fine grained, extrusive rock as well.
Basalt is made of primarily pyroxene,
plagioclase feldspar, and sometimes olivine. It
is also formed from rapid cooling, but not as
rapid as obsidian rock.

Fun Fact: Basalt is the rock that

primarily makes up the Moon!

Sedimentary

Rocks

Limestone
Limestone is a rock mainly composed of
calcium carbonate. This means that it can form
from carbonate material, like shells, coral, or
fecal matter. Limestone is used most commonly
by humans for cement.

Fun Fact: Limestone can form into

caves because underground water can
easily dissolve it!

Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic rock, meaning that it is
composed of broken pieces from other rocks.
Sandstone is formed in environments with a lot
of sand, duh! These environments could include
beaches, deserts, flood plains, or deltas.

Fun Fact: Sandstone is the rock that

makes up the Vermilion Cliffs National
Monument!

10

Conglomerate
Conglomerate is a coarse grained, clastic rock
consisting of large round particles. The stuff
holding these large particles together is either
smaller rock particles or cement. The larger
particles are a size greater than 2mm.

Fun Fact: The oldest minerals on

earth, zircons, are found in
conglomerates in the Jack Hills of
Australia!

11

Flint
Flint is a hard chemical sedimentary rock
that breaks with conchoidal fracture. This
means that when flint breaks, it doesnt
follow any natural planes of separation.
Flint is also a form of quartz and is also
commonly referred to as chert.

Fun Fact: Flint can be used to

start a fire! Do you smell what The
Rock is cooking?!

12

Metamorphic
Rocks

13

Gneiss
Gneiss is a foliated metamorphic rock,
Fun Fact: Gneiss rocks are some
meaning
that
it earth!
has a banded or layered
of the oldest found
on the
Isnt that nice?

appearance. It has granular minerals, usually

made up of quartz and feldspar.

14

Slate
Slate is also a foliated metamorphic rock. It
is formed from the rock shale through heat,
pressure, and chemical processes. This rock
also splits into thin sheets.

Fun Fact: Slate is used to

make both pool tables and
roofing tiles!

15

Schist
Schist is too a foliated metamorphic rock.
Schist often contains a lot of mica, which
allows it to split into thin pieces. The mica
pieces are those that are shiny in the picture
below.

Fun Fact: Most schist rocks started

as a clay or mud before they went
through metamorphism! Aint that
some schist?!

16

Marble
Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock
because it is not banded. It is produced from
the metamorphism of limestone and is
composed mostly of calcium carbonate.

Fun Fact: Most statues from history

are made of marble. That is why
they are subject to weathering!

17

Minerals

18

Biotite
Biotite is a group of mica minerals that are
clustered together. It is most commonly
found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Biotite is one of the easier minerals to
identify because of its cleavage, making it
very easy to break into thin sheets.

Fun Fact: Biotite is often mistaken

for gold by gold panners because of
its bright bronze reflective colors!

19

Hornblende
Hornblende minerals are a grouping of darkcolored amphibole minerals that can be
found in both igneous and metamorphic
rocks. It has two directions of cleavage and
normally an elongated, blocky look to it.

Fun Fact: Although hornblende is

commonly found worldwide, it is rare
to find a good crystal!

20

Quartz
Quartz consists of two elements, one part
silicon and two parts oxygen (SiO2). It is
found in all three rock groups, igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic. Quartz is
also a very durable mineral, to both
chemical and mechanical weathering.

Fun Fact: Quartz is the most

abundant mineral on the
surface of the Earth!

21

Olivine
Olivine is most typically found in either
mafic or ultra-mafic igneous rocks, meaning
darker colored rocks. Olivine, along with
other minerals usually crystallizes to form
gabbros or basalt. These rocks are most
commonly found at divergent boundaries of
tectonic plates.

Fun Fact: Olivine has been

found in a lot of iron
meteorites!

22

References:

Title Page: Rocks-http://thehappyscientist.com/files/Units/Rocks/Rocks%20banner.jpg

Minerals-http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/headers_96908/K_minerals1.gif
Page 1: http://0.media.collegehumor.cvcdn.com/80/70/2eb01271c86bc783bb3b642bdb990a50the-evolution-of-dwayne-the-rock-johnson.jpg
Page 2:Granite-http://f.tqn.com/y/geology/1/S/g/V/granitesalinia.jpg
Page 3:Granite- http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/SedRx/Images/750weather1.jpg
Pyramid- http://www.allnaturalstoneinc.com/4-interesting-facts-about-granite/
Dwayne The Rock Johnsonhttp://www.wwe.com/f/styles/superstar_bio/public/talent/bio/2013/01/the_rock_bio_20130107.p
ng
Page 4:Obsidian- http://guidobaru.edublogs.org/files/2014/11/Obsidian-2-urp33w.jpg
Arrowheads- http://www.kidsloverocks.com/assets/images/Obsidian-Arrowhead-320.jpg
Page 5:andesite- http://earthphysicsteaching.homestead.com/Andesite__MT.jpg
Rainier- http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1172/figures/tacoma.gif
Smoke- https://volcanocafe.wordpress.com/2013/10/30/types-of-volcanic-eruptions/
Page 6:basalt- http://f.tqn.com/y/geology/1/S/I/W/basalt_massive.jpg
Moon- http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/news/uploads/lrocwac643nm_nearside_1200p.png
Page 7:caves- https://fmss12ucheme.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/limestone-caves.jpg
Page 8:limestone- http://dnr.mo.gov/geology/geosrv/imac/images/calciticlimestonelg.jpg
Cave2- https://www.colourbox.com/preview/5162423-cave-stalactites-and-stalagmitesformations-limestone-caves.jpg
Page 9: sandstone- http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/sandstone.html
Cliffs- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermilion_Cliffs_National_Monument
Page 10:conglomerate
http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/images/conglomerate1.jpg

23

Australiahttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/JackHills_Location.jpg/220pxJackHills_Location.jpg
Page 11:flint-https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/originals/7e/fa/50/7efa50a87457631f6a192d908c6fc8db.jpg
Fire-http://blog.theclymb.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Caveman-Campfire.jpg
Page 12: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Gneiss.jpg
Page 13: gneiss1-http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/images/gneiss2.jpg
Gneiss2http://www.worktopfactoryy.co.uk/portals/22/images/fluff/EncyclopediaImages/Gneiss.jpg
Page 14:slatehttp://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/6MetamorphicRocks/Slate/SlateFourColors.jpg
Pool-http://varsyshost.com/~pooltabl/wp-content/themes/theme1263/images/slider_img/slider1.jpg
Roof-http://www.evergreenslate.com/images/roof-texture.jpg
Page 15:schist-http://www2.newark.ohiostate.edu/facultystaff/personal/jstjohn/Documents/Cool-Rocks/ManhattanSchist_files/image002.jpg
Page 16:marble-http://geology.com/rocks/pictures/marble.jpg
Statuehttp://b68389.medialib.glogster.com/media/5f0eb8e98d17de132a4d0a9b2b00ce147257911b3b5d
29a26226095539751d46/acid-rain-stone-erosion-of-statue-1.jpg
Page 17:minerals-http://www.stepbystep.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Difference-Betweena-Rock-and-Mineral-Mineral.jpg
Page 18:biotite-http://www.daviddarling.info/images/biotite.jpg
Gold-http://www.sagolddiggers.com.au/gallery/gold%20bar.jpg
Page 19:hornblende1- http://www.kristallin.de/gesteine/Hornblende-Rosenberg_v.jpg
Hornblende2- http://www.geologicdesires.com/OKF-453a.jpg
Page 20:quartzhttp://www.healingwithcrystals.net.au/uploads/1/5/5/7/15572098/573739330_orig.jpg?210

24

Earth-http://solarviews.com/raw/earth/bluemarblewest.jpg
Page 21:olivine-http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/mineral/olivine/6olivine2645.jpg
Meteor-http://8pic.ir/images/70557151523813791047.jpg

1. "Igneous Rocks." Igneous Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.

2. "4 Interesting Facts About Granite You May Not Know." Facts About Granite Slabs San Jose
Burlingame. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.
3. "Sedimentary Rocks." Sedimentary Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.
4. "Metamorphic Rocks." Metamorphic Rocks. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.
5. "Mineral Uses, Properties, Descriptions." Mineral Properties, Uses and Descriptions. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 06 May 2015.