Intelligent Energy - HEAT FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES - 21 Innovative Projects For An Energy-Intelligent Europe

HEAT FROM RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES
21 innovative projects for an energy-intelligent Europe
Status: December 2006

Renewable Energy Heating and Cooling: 21 Innovative Projects supported by the IEE Programme
Editorial Information
Issued by the European Commission's Intelligent Energy Executive Agency (IEEA), this report presents
a series of international projects supported by the European Union's Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE)
programme. The information contained in it may be reproduced.
The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with its authors. It does not necessarily represent
the opinion of the European Community. The IEEA is not responsible for any use that may be made of
the information contained therein. The information contained is given for information purposes only and it
does not bind legally any of the involved parties.
This and other project compilations can be downloaded for free from
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/library/publications_en.htm.
Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE) is the European Union’s programme for promoting energy efficiency
and renewables. It supports financially international projects, events, and local/regional energy agencies,
which promote the smarter use of energy and the growth of renewable energy sources.
The Intelligent Energy Executive Agency implements the IEE programme. With more than 40 staff, the
IEEA is at the service of all IEE partners by managing the different projects and events funded under the
IEE programme, and by disseminating the know-how and best practices which they produce.
More details on the IEE programme and on the IEEA can be found on
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/index_en.html
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Table of contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 5
Five European Res Heat Pilots (5 Eures)................................................................................................... 7
Establishment of regional biomass markets through plant partnerships (BIOMASS PARTNERSHIPS).... 9
BioEnergy Promotion (BioProm) .............................................................................................................. 11
Techno-economical assessment of the production and use of biofuels for heating and cooling
applications in South Europe (BIO-SOUTH) ............................................................................................ 12
Boosting Bioenergy in Europe (BOOSTING BIO) .................................................................................... 14
Extend Accredited Renewables Training for Heating (EARTH)................................................................ 16
Solar thermal applications in EASTern Europe with Guaranteed Solar Results (EAST-GSR)................. 18
European Heating and Cooling market study (ECOHEATCOOL) ............................................................ 20
Establishing Local Value Chains for Renewable Heat (ELVA) ................................................................. 22
Efficient trading of biomass fuels and analysis of fuel supply chains and business models (EUBIONET II)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Green Energy Clusters ............................................................................................................................. 26
Key Issues for Renewable Heat in Europe (K4RES-H) ............................................................................ 28
Policy reinforcement concerning heat storage technologies (PREHEAT) ................................................ 29
Promotion of Biogas for Electricity and Heat Production in EU Countries Economic and Environmental
Benefits of Biogas from Centralised Co-digestion (PROBIOGAS) ........................................................... 30
Promoting Automatic Pellet Heating Systems in the Market (PROPELLETS) ......................................... 32
Quality Management, Organisation, Validation of Standards, Developments and Inquiries for SRF
(QUOVADIS) ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Enlarging Solar Thermal Systems in Multi-Family Houses, Hotels, Public and Social Buildings in Europe
(SOLARGE).............................................................................................................................................. 36
Large open EU market for solar thermal products (SOLARKEYMARK-II) ............................................... 38
An integrated network on thermal biomass conversion for power, heat and transport fuels (ThermalNet)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Thermal Energy from Renewables – References and Assessment (ThERRA)........................................ 41
WasteWaterHeat ...................................................................................................................................... 42
New Projects (start 2007) ......................................................................................................................... 43
Integration of Geothermal Energy into Industrial Applications (IGEIA)..................................................... 44
Guideline for Safe and Eco-friendly Biomass Gasification (Gasification Guide)...................................... 44
GeoThermal Regulation - Heat (GTR-H) .................................................................................................. 44
Development and Promotion of a Transparent European Pellets Market - Creation of a European Real-
time Pellets Atlas (PELLETS@LAS) ........................................................................................................ 45
3
Dissemination, Education and Standardisation of Phyllis Database for Biofuels and Bioashes
(PHYDADES) ........................................................................................................................................... 45
Business Opportunities in Biomass Sector for SMEs (BIOBUSINESS) ................................................... 46
European Network of Bioenergy Districts (RENEWED) ........................................................................... 46
Promotion and Education Tool-Kit on Renewable Energy Sources for Heating and Cooling (RES-
HEAT/COOL-TOOL)................................................................................................................................. 47
Increased Deployment of Firewood by Improving Fuel Quality and Low Emission Combustion (Quality
Wood) ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
Regional Bioenergy Initiatives Increasing the market for Biomass Heating in Europe (REGBIE+).......... 47
Refund Individual Investments in Res Heating Systems through Direct Tax Measures (REFUND +) ..... 48
4
Introduction
Background and relevant policy initiatives
The heating / cooling sector consumes 49% of the final energy in the EU, or almost as much as transport and
electricity combined. Most of this thermal energy is produced from fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal). In 2004 renewable
sources of energy such as biomass, solar and geothermal energy provided 49 Mtoe: 8.4% of total heat
consumption. RES heating and cooling in the EU is dominated by biomass (>50% of which is household heat),
which with the enlargement to EU-27 technically could provide for at least 133 Mtoe by 2020. As regards solar
thermal, in the period up to the end of 2005 there have been over 16 million m2 of collectors installed in the EU, but
over 70% of this capacity has been installed just in 3 European countries (Germany, Greece and Austria). In 2005,
the share of geothermal energy sources (both deep and ambient sources) was below 0.5% of the overall
consumption of thermal energy in the EU-25 providing around 1,8 Mtoe. However, in order to reach the RES
targets for 2010 of the EU White Paper on Renewable Energy COM(97)599 final this production of heating/cooling
from geothermal sources of energy in the EU-25 should grow to 3.2 Mtoe.
The European policy framework clearly promotes renewable energy sources although unlike in the area of RES
electricity or liquid biofuels for transport, the sector of renewable heating and cooling is not subject to dedicated
European legislation. Difficulties with the development of EU legislation on RES heating and cooling are partly
related to the fact that there is no common European market for heat as this commodity (or service) is by nature a
local issue with major differences in heating/cooling demands, existing infrastructure, and availability of RES
sources between EU countries and even between regions within the same Member States.
The EU existing legislation that already promotes renewable energy heating includes Directive 2002/91/EC on the
energy performance of buildings (OJ L1/65, 4.1.2003), which for example, imposes a requirement on Member
States that technical, environmental and economic feasibility of alternative systems are made for any new buildings
with a total useful floor area over 1000 m2 covering RES and district or block heating or cooling, if available.
Another directive 2004/8/EC on the promotion of cogeneration (OJ L52/50, 21.2.2004) also indirectly promotes
RES-H as it requires that analyses of national potentials referred to in Article 6 shall consider the type of fuels that
are likely to be used to realise the cogeneration potentials, including specific considerations on the potential for
increasing the use of renewable energy sources in the national heat markets via cogeneration.
A recent initiative of the European Commission, which is directly relevant to RES heating and cooling, is the EU
Biomass Action Plan (COM(2005) 628 final) that lists a number of measures to be taken by the European
Commission from 2006 onwards, including:
‚ preparation of a proposal for Community legislation in 2006 to encourage the use of renewable energy,
including biomass, for heating and cooling,
‚ encouragement of district heating scheme owners to modernise them and convert them to biomass fuel,
‚ encouragement of Member States to take into account, in their support systems, the fact that, in combined heat
and power plants, biomass can provide heat and electricity at the same time.
Objectives and priorities of the key action

The key action “RES heat” (VKA6) is intended to encourage growth in the share of heating and cooling produced
using RES, by developing appropriate solid biomass fuel standards and by improving the supply chains for
biomass (including energy crops) and other RES heating and cooling products. It is also contributing to the
development of well-functioning and non-discriminatory heat market structures, by stimulating the integration of
solar heating and cooling applications in buildings, by stimulating the exploitation of geothermal heat sources via
heat pump technologies and by providing best-practice examples.
Activities supported under this key action contribute to the development of comprehensive EU as well as
national/regional/local policies and legislation on RES heating and cooling. They also contribute to the
implementation of already existing EU legislation and policies.
The main priority areas of VKA6 include:
‚ Possible legislation, fuel standards and norms for RES heating and cooling systems
‚ Supply-chain and market structures for RES heating and cooling products
‚ Promotion and training
5
The first priority area is related to joint European actions to promote good examples and facilitate development of
local, regional or national support schemes, policies, legislation and action plans to boost the markets for RES
heating/cooling, which could provide benchmarks or form the basis for similar EU-wide initiatives in the near future.
An important issue covered also by this priority area is related to validation and promotion of standards and norms
for biomass fuels and RES-H/C equipment.
The second priority area aims at improved networking, collaboration and understanding amongst key market actors
(public- and private-sector decision makers) that have a strong influence on the future growth of renewable heating
and cooling markets in the EU. The focus on supply-chain and market structures for RES heating and cooling
products is related to actions to tackle barriers to the creation of cost-effective, commercially attractive and efficient
supply chains and market structures for (i) biomass fuels for use in heating and cooling applications – these actions
should involve fuel producers, transporters and sales outlets, or (ii) manufacturers, installers and
operation/maintenance service providers of biomass combustion systems, solar heating/cooling systems, or
geothermal heating/cooling systems.
The third priority area focused on promotion and training is related to actions aiming to improve skills and change
the attitude and behaviour of substantial groups of decision-makers in local communities and/or leading to the
implementation of more favourable local policies and/or regulations aiming to increase the use of renewable
heating and cooling in clearly defined communities (municipalities, regions or Member States).
Involvement of key target groups

As regards the types of actors present in the projects supported under VKA since 2004, these have included both
national and local energy agencies, consultancy companies, engineering companies, national and regional
professional associations and some research institutes, which usually gave positive complementarities among the
proposing consortia. A growing number of proposals have included local and regional authorities and other local
public organisations (eg. dealing with unemployment and development of entrepreneurship). This is considered
positive and, given the natural local/regional aspect of RES heating and cooling this type of participation should be
further encouraged.
Target groups, which have been under-represented in VKA6 projects (direct or indirect involvement in projects)
have been district heating and CHP companies as well as housing associations. Moreover, there has been a low
level of involvement of industries and businesses that could benefit from using renewable energy heating solutions.
6
Five European Res Heat Pilots (5 Eures)

Programme area: ALTENER, Heat from renewable energy sources
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Asko Ojaniemi

Jyväskylä Science Park, Finland
E-mail: Asko.Ojaniemi@jsp.fi
Tel +358144451123
Partners: Irradiare, Portugal
IST, Portugal
FOAL, Lithuania
Aviridis, Lithuania
DMAH,Spain
FHE,Germany
Cebra, Germany
Finpro,Finland,Germany, Spain, UK
VTT,Finland
Metla,Finland
NCP, Finland
LUVA,Finland
Website: www.5eures.eu.com
Objective: Transfer of know-how, development of five regional RES heat

structures
Benefits: Working regional bioenergy market for each area serving as example
for future projects
Keywords: Heat, Bioenergy, Market
Duration: 01/2005 –12/2007

Budget: € 2,044,150 (EU contribution: 50%)
Contract number: EIE/04/086/S07.38582
Short description
The project target is to develop functional bioenergy market for each area. The market shall preferably include
several fuel suppliers and several heat producers. The means to achieve this target are training, feasibility studies
and business development assistance.
‚ The first phase was to train the basics to some key persons from each area in order to be able to discuss all
relevant matters with common terms and with common understanding.
‚ Next phase was general feasibility study for the areas. In the study the bioenergy potential is identified as well
as existing and potential actors in the market. The study result is few identified project sites in each area for
more detailed study.
‚ The work will continue by detailed case studies, training and assistance of identified actors at each area and
identification of possible business opportunities and preparation of business plans together with local actors.
Expected and/or achieved results

‚ Main target is five functioning renewable heat markets
‚ General understanding of the feasibility of renewable heat on each area
‚ Identification of concrete projects, fuel suppliers, heat customers and development of full supply chains
‚ Each area has enough trained persons to develop further the renewable heat operations after the project
‚ Pilot areas serve as examples for other regions in EU, results are disseminated during and after the project
7
Lessons learnt
Although the project has not been completed it is possible to draw the following preliminary conclusions:
‚ Feasibility studies completed show that the bioenergy market is possible at each areas
‚ The public awareness and general interest among municipalities have already risen and different initiatives are
born.
‚ Expert support made possible by the project will help to develop these initiatives correctly
8
Establishment of regional biomass markets through plant partnerships

(BIOMASS PARTNERSHIPS)
Status: Ongoing
Coordinator: Sonja Ewerstein

Swedish Energy Agency (STEM)
E-mail: Sonja.ewerstein@stem.se
Tel +46 16 544 2207
Partners: Motiva Oy, Finland
O.Ö.Energiesparverband (ESV), Austria
Severn Wye Energy Agency (SWEA), United Kingdom
Agentur fur Zekunftsenergiesysteme (IZES), Germany
Rhonalpenergie Environment (RAEE), France
Vlamsee instelling voor technologisch onderzoe (VITO), Belgium
Sofia Energy Centre (SEC), Bulgaria
National Industrial Fuel Efficiency Service Limited (NIFES), UK
Website: www.biomasspartner.info
Objective: To achieve at least one partnership created for each region (hence 9)
Benefits: To generate knowledge and experiences from “advanced countries” to
“less advanced biomass countries” at local/regional level.
Keywords: Establish biomass markets
Duration: 01/2005-02/2007
Budget: € 832,062 (EU contribution: 50%)
Short description
In order to expand the market for RES heating it is necessary to increase the supply and to stimulate the demand.
This project will strive to support these issues by creating 9 partnerships,
one in every partner’s home country, for delivery of heat from biomass and
Inventory Meetings
interact with national agencies to deliver policy objectives with respect to
Pilot study
reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through the commercial use of
biomass fuel sources. In order to succeed in the project it is of vital
importance to work with a bottom-up approach, i.e. have the practical
Proposal Project planning
market actors involved at the local/regional level at the same time as it is
important to work with a top-down approach, i.e. policy makers,
municipalities and regional decision makers. The establishment of the
Contract
regional partnerships will work with these two approaches.

‚ At least one partnership created for each region, hence 9 partnerships with at
least 5 companies/organisations/persons involved in each partnership
‚ Increased sales of biomass and related equipment and services for local and
regional market actors in the participating regions
‚ Increased market share of biomass in all participating regions
‚ Long term goal: at least 10 plants converting to biomass
‚ Long term goal: at least 180 GWh heat produced by biomass reducing the
emissions of carbon dioxide with 47 000 tonnes compared to oil burning.
9
Lessons learnt
Although the project has not been completed, it is possible to draw the following preliminary conclusions:
‚ We have already by now noticed a great interest from market actors as well as policy makers to promote the
building up of partnership establishments. 20 feasibility studies have been accomplished in Sweden only.
‚ There must be a lot of genuine interested farmers before the networks can be fully established. In Sweden, the
steering committee initially decided to start the project with recruiting farmers to come around this barrier. It is
also important that the farmers groups mentally work with more than one possible plant, if the first one isn’t
successful.
‚ It was important that the Federation of Swedish Farmers in west Sweden, LRF, joined the Biomass Partner
project. Because of the Biomass Partnerships LRF got additional 82 000€ from the county council. Most of the
money was designed to feasibility studies.
10
BioEnergy Promotion (BioProm)

Programme area: ALTENER, Heat from Renewable Energy Sources
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Markus Siehr

Stuttgart Region Economic Development Corporation, Germany
(WRS)
E-mail: markus.siehr@region-stuttgart.de
Tel. +49 711 22835-35
Partners: RAEE, France
ESV, Austria
JSI, Slovenia
URV, Spain
IER, Germany
Website: www.bioprom.net
Objectives: Identification of non-technical barriers concerning bioenergy facilities

in urban areas, and implementing biomass facilities in urban areas
Benefits: Job creation; advancement of renewable energies; new markets for
service providers; fossil fuel savings
Keywords: Regional networks, bioenergy facilities, market penetration
Duration: 01/2005 – 06/2007

Budget: € 717,942 (EU contribution: 49,7 %)
Short description
The mission is to identify and to overcome non-technical barriers for the implementation of bioenergy facilities in
urban areas. The project includes a survey and an analysis into five European regions with special focus on
interregional knowledge transfer and exchange of experiences (best-practise-models). The overall aims are:
‚ Initiation of ten bioenergy projects – two per region
‚ External workshops to train farmers and public bodies in realizing bioenergy projects
‚ Communication of best-practise-examples, case studies and success factors, in order to stimulate a network
and to accelerate the process and the development of renewable energy technologies, supported by the
German Legislation (EEG-Gesetz) and the European Commission.

‚ The results of a questionnaire, in the first phase of the project show, that the economic factors (e.g. public
money) by implementing a biomass facility are considered the strongest barrier by experts like farmers,
planers, engineers and public authorities. Pellets and biofuels can play the main role as a fuel for biomass
facilities in urban areas.
‚ The project website informs stakeholders, farmers and public bodies and provides them with some new
information from other areas and regions too.
‚ A series of lectures at the University Stuttgart, with experts from industry, research and government have taken
place to inform interested people about the most recent activities and news in the field of bioenergy.
‚ Additionaly a new broschure lists up some examples and encourages new projects and intentions. Besides that
the initialisation of new financial support programmes is expected.
Lessons learnt
‚ The location of biomass facilities is a much more important barrier than expected.
‚ The information deficits are higher than expected, and there is a need for more objective information, especially
in Austria, where the survey showed, that information deficits are considered the strongest barrier.
‚ The series of lectures at the University Stuttgart will be continued and they have to be complemented by an
annual congress on biomass facilities in urban areas and by transferring the existing trade fair to a more
suitable location.
11
Techno-economical assessment of the production and use of biofuels for

heating and cooling applications in South Europe (BIO-SOUTH)
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Inés Echeverria Goñi

National Renewable Energy Centre - CENER, Spain
E-mail: iecheverria@cener.com
Tel + 34 948 25 28 00
Partners: Gestión Ambiental Viveros y Repoblaciones de Navarra, Spain
Navarra de Medio Ambiente Industrial, S.A., Spain
EHN CR Combustibles Renovables, S.A., Spain
L.Sole, S.A., Spain
Iniciativas Innovadoras, Spain
Energia Trasporti Agricoltura Sr, Italy
Region of Tuscany, Italy
University of Florence: Departament of Energetics “S.Stecco” , Italy
Municipality of Abetone, Italy
Technical Research Centre of Finland/VTT Processes, Finland
Energidalen I Sollefteà AB; Sweden
Agencija za prestrukturiranje energetike d.o.o., Slovenia
European Biomass Industry Association Organisation, Belgium
Website: www.bio-south.com
Objective: Encourage the development of biofuel heating and cooling markets in

southern Europe
Benefits: Increased use of forest biomass for energetic purpose; minimised
fossil fuel consumption; reduced fire hazard
Keywords: Solid biofuels, forest biomass, heating and cooling
Duration: 01/2005 – 02/2007

Short description
Contrary to the north of Europe and some central European countries, where the use of solid bio-fuels for heating
is common, southern European countries make little use of this application and bio-fuel markets are
underdeveloped despite important potentials in some regions. The BIO-SOUTH project aims to develop these
potentials by transferring technologies, methods and experiences from more advanced countries and by adapting
to the local market conditions in Southern Europe.
The project partners assess technical and economical aspects of the whole bio-fuel utilisation cycle, from collection
to heat production, in the Spanish region of Navarre and the Italian region of Tuscany, both with an important
potential for forest bio-fuels. The project will identify key barriers to bio-heat development in these two regions and -
taking into account experiences from more advanced regions - define measures to address them and help build up
thriving markets.

‚ Demonstration of the feasibility of forest biomass logistics and utilisation for heat generation in Navarre and
Tuscany;
‚ To make local actors (governments, municipalities, forest land owners, forest companies, wood industries,
associations and other relevant bodies) aware of the possibilities, benefits, technologies, methodologies and
economics of the utilisation of forest biomass as fuel;
‚ Transference of Nordic biomass know-how to Navarre and Tuscany.
‚ To make citizens aware of the bio-fuel heating potential and benefits in Spain and Italy.
‚ Dissemination of results to the whole Mediterranean Area of the EU.
12
Lessons learnt
‚ In Navarre, it can be highlighted that although the forest residue potential is about 480.000 ton/year, only a
share of them can be collected in a mechanical way to do the process economically feasible, 100.000 Ton/ha
(on a 30% moisture content basis). This corresponds to 1.11% on the primary energy consumption.
‚ In Tuscany, the data obtained is that the total forest residues potential biomass reclaimable can covers about
the 1.56% of total energy consumption in Tuscany (579.455 Tons of forest residues), that is an important part
of the necessary energy.
‚ Currently, in the regions under study, due the forest characteristics, the forest biomass harvesting operations
could be quite expensive. Therefore, to overcome this barrier, nowadays the Bio-South project it is focus on
the development methodology for this kind of forest, in which the forest residue collection has to be optimized.
13
Boosting Bioenergy in Europe (BOOSTING BIO)

Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Jossart Jean-Marc

European Biomass Association – AEBIOM, Belgium
E-mail: jossart@aebiom.org
Tel : + 32 10 47 34 55
Partners: Austrian Biomass Association (ABA)
Belgian Biomass Association (VALBIOM)
Energy Utilization Biomass Association (EUBA), Bulgaria
The Bioenergy Association of Finland (FINBIO)
International association of bioenergy professionals (ITEBE), France
German BioEnergy Association (BBE)
Swedish Bioenergy Association (SVEBIO)
Central Agricultural Raw Material Marketing and dEvelopment
Network (C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.), Germany
Website: www.aebiom.org/article.php3?id_article=34
Objective: To boost bioenergy in Europe through targeted actions in 2005 and

2006
Benefits: Development of a vision for bioenergy in 7 EU Member States and
consultation with policy makers and private companies
Keywords: Bioenergy vision, decision makers, market actors
Duration: 01/2005 -12/2006

Short description
During 2005 a strategy was worked out with detailed objectives for EU for the
markets for heat, electricity and liquid biofuels, using outstanding sources of
information. Objectives were compared with the potential. At a national level a
detailed analysis of the national objectives and trends was realised for Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Finland, France and Sweden, using national
sources of information. Financial steering instruments were compared among
countries and especially detailed for the countries listed above. The strategy is
available as a printed brochure of the executive summary and a pdf version for
the strategy report (available on project web site).
In 2006 this strategy will be confronted through interviews with the views from
national decision makers and market actors, allowing to evaluate this strategy.
This work also intends to initiate a debate on how to boost bioenergy in the
considered countries.
The European Biomass Days have been organised in September 2005 and are
planned for September 2006. It is mainly consisting of open doors to biomass
plants and companies working in the biomass sector. A web site is available for
registration (www.biomassdays.org).

‚ A printed Brochure (20 pages) presenting the executive summary of the strategy report is
available on request. A pdf version can be downloaded from the project web site.
‚ A strategy report (200 pages) presenting the vision for bioenergy and detailed objectives
and proposal of new steering instruments for 7 countries (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Finland, France, Germany, Sweden). A pdf version can be downloaded from the project web
site.
‚ Organisation of European Biomass Days to sensibilize the public towards bioenergy. These
are open doors organised the last week of September (www.biomassdays.org).
14
Lessons learnt
‚ Work out a clear vision for bioenergy is a challenging but very interesting exercise. Often existing national
objectives are absent or unclear (mixing for example the biomass as primary energy source with the final
energy after conversion). Also the best financial steering instruments to reach the objectives are difficult to
identify as they are manifold, complicate and closely intertwined.
15
Extend Accredited Renewables Training for Heating (EARTH)

Programme area: ALTENER, heat from renewable energy sources
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Rolf Oldach

IT Power
E-mail: rolf.oldach@itpower.co.uk
Tel:+44 1256 392 733
Partners: Agencija za prestrukturiranje Energetike (ApE), Slovenia
Black Sea Regional Energy Centre (BSREC), Bulgaria
Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES), Greece
Fraunhofer-Institut System und Innovationsforschung (FhG-ISI),
Germany
Intiam Ruai SL, Spain
ISPQ-Europe Ltd. UK
Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI), Lithuania
Österreichische Energieagentur (Austrian Energy Agency, AEA),
Austria
Österreichisches Forschungs- und Prüfzentrum Arsenal Ges.m.b.H
(arsenal research), Austria;
Solpros Avoin Yhtiö, Finland;
WIP-KG, Germany
Website: www.earth-net.info
Objective: Developing training courses for installers of solar water heating,

ground-source heat pumps and biomass heating systems
Benefits: The project will help to provide a qualified, skilled workforce for the
installation of renewable energy heating systems
Keywords: Installer training; renewable energy; heating
Duration: 01/2005 – 12/2006

Short description
The EARTH project is developing training courses and training infrastructure for installers of three renewable
energy technologies for heat production: solar water heating, ground-source heat pumps, and biomass energy.
In order for these technologies to be successfully implemented, appropriate installer training must be available to
develop a qualified, skilled workforce. In many countries, such training opportunities are currently very limited,
which is a factor inhibiting the use of these technologies across Europe. Under EARTH, suitable training
programmes are being created to disseminate the skills required to install simple biomass, ground-source heat
pumps and solar water heating systems.
The work commenced with a survey and review of relevant training programmes and frameworks in participating
countries. Training programmes are being developed within the existing national vocational training frameworks in
the relevant countries. Pilot courses will be implemented to test the training programmes. Assistance will be
provided to training organisations, including training of trainers. Pilot courses will be audited to defined quality
standards.
Expected and achieved results

‚ Training programmes for biomass, GSHP and SWH installers (course definitions including task analysis,
syllabus, entry requirements, and requirements for practical training)
‚ Training materials for both trainers and students
‚ Training of trainers
‚ Assistance with pilot courses
‚ Overview of relevant training programmes and frameworks in participating countries
16
Lessons learnt
‚ Any training programme should consider the needs of the industry, of consumers (e.g. high quality
installations), but also the needs of the installers themselves (e.g. duration of training course).
‚ Training courses should become part of the national training infrastructure, to ensure that they continue on an
ongoing basis beyond the lifetime of the project.
17
Solar thermal applications in EASTern Europe with Guaranteed Solar

Results (EAST-GSR)
Programme area: ALTENER, small-scale applications
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Stéphane POUFFARY

ADEME (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie),
France
E-mail : stephane.pouffary@ademe.fr
Tel: +33 (0)4.93.95.79.55
Partners: ARSENAL Research (Österreichisches Forschungs und Prüfzentrum
Arsenal Ges.m.b.H), Austria
CRES (Centre for Renewable Energy Sources), Greece
DENA (Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH), Germany
KAPE (Krajowa Agencja Poszanowania Energii SA), Poland
OVM-ICCPET (Oscar Von Miller-Institut de Conceptie, Cercetare si
Proiectare Echipamente Termoenergetice), Romania
SEA (Slovenska Energeticka Agentura), Slovakia
SEC (Sofia Energy Centre), Bulgaria
TECSOL SA, France
UL FME (University of Ljubljana), Slovenia
Website: www.solareast-gsr.net
Objective: Encourage the emergence of a sustainable solar thermal market with

the GSR quality approach
Benefit: Development of local industries and distribution networks
Keywords: Solar thermal market, guaranteed solar results, telemonitoring

equipment
Duration: 01/2006– 12/2008

Budget: EUR 1,082,394 (EU contribution: 50%)
Contract number: EIE/05/208/SI2.420214
Short description
EAST-GSR is a 36-month project based on the “Guarantee of Solar Results” concept.
Austria, France, Germany and Greece, which already successfully implemented this contract, will transfer their
experience to Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
After the analysis of the national situations in the Eastern partners' countries (present solar thermal market state
breakdown and requirements study for a wide dissemination), the GSR Charter will be adapted to each country
according to their own needs. Then, the GSR concept will be promoted through proactive networking and training
activities.
Besides, several existing sites will be identified and selected as pilot projects, in order to implement a
telemonitoring system.
Pre-feasibility studies will be realised on new potential sites.
Moreover, to encourage the GSR concept as an added value for collective solar thermal market development,
important promotion and dissemination actions will be organised.

‚ Transfer the GSR Charter,
‚ improve solar thermal equipment quality and installation by training local professionals to increase know-how
as for design and functioning of collective solar thermal applications,
‚ implement one complete telemonitoring system per partner country on an existing collective solar thermal
installation with an aim of showing reliability and enhancing the confidence in solar thermal technologies,
‚ accomplish feasibility studies on new potential sites and present results to potential investors,
‚ network and implement a wide dissemination of the GSR concept to demonstrate that the collective solar
thermal market is safe and trustworthy in order to attract potential new clients and new investors.
18
Lessons learnt
This project has just started. It is therefore too early to draw lessons.
19
European Heating and Cooling market study

(ECOHEATCOOL)
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Norela Constantinescu

Euroheat & Power, Belgium
E-mail: norela.constantinescu@euroheat.org
Tel + 32 740 21 10
Partners: Chalmers University, Sweden
Losses in the energy transformation
Capital Cooling, Sweden EJ
90,0
sector
Losses in end use
Combustible Renewables and Waste

80,0
Solar/Wind/Other
Danish DH Association (DFF), Denmark 70,0
60,0
Geothermal
Hydro
50,0
Nuclear
Finish Energy Industries, Finland 40,0
30,0
20,0
Natural Gas
Petroleum Products
Coal and Coal Products
German DH Association (AGFW0, Germany

10,0
Transportation
0,0
Total Primary Energy Total Final Consumption Total End Use (estimated) Electricity
Supply
Heat
Italian DH Association (AIRU), Italy

70
Association of Gas and DH Supply Companies (FGVW), Austria 65
Swedish DH Association, Sweden 60
EREC, Belgium 55
Norwegian DH Association, Norway, 50
CEWEP, Belgium 45
French DH and Cooling Association, (SNCU), France 40
Website: www.ecoheatcool.org 35
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Objective: Assess the European heating/cooling markets, evaluate possibilities

for more district heating/cooling and related benefits
Benefits: Comparable data; identified actions and policy tools; energy savings
potentials and use of renewables in heating/cooling sectors
Keywords: European, heating, cooling
Duration: 01/2005 – 12/2006

Short description
ECOHEATCOOL describes and analyses the European heating and cooling markets and demands. Furthermore it
provides a tool for policy makers to assess different heating and cooling supply options. Possibilities for more
district heating and cooling in Europe are evaluated. Available potentials for various heat and cooling generation
sources (including renewables) as well as deriving benefits in terms of energy efficiency, energy savings are
assessed.
Recommendations for strategies on how to further develop sustainable and cost effective heat and cooling supply
options and how to improve the use of local sources are provided.
It’s the fist action of its kind. It uses a demand side approach and enables a quality check of data in the
international statistics in these sectors. It provides an aggregate and comprehensive picture of the heating and
cooling markets and of the district heating and cooling sectors in Europe 32.

‚ Develop a framework for assessing comparable magnitudes of European heating and cooling demands
‚ Identify possibilities with more district heating and cooling and available potential for combined heat and power,
renewables, waste heat, waste to energy etc in Europe
‚ Asses the implications from more district heating and cooling in terms of energy efficiency, savings, and lower
carbon dioxide
‚ Develop a tool for assessing the energy and environmental performance of district heating and cooling systems
‚ Raise the awareness of district heating and cooling benefits in Europe
20
Lessons learnt
‚ International heat and cooling statistics can be improved
‚ Heat dominates the energy end use and Europe wastes more heat in transforming energy than it consumes;
huge heat losses are to be retrieved
‚ Cooling demand grows much faster than earlier indications
21
Establishing Local Value Chains for Renewable Heat (ELVA)

Status: Ongoing
Coordinator: Hans Jacob Mydske

New Energy Performance AS (NEPAS), Norway
E-mail: Mydske@neaps.no
Tel: +47 92 60 03 07
Partners: Austrian Energy Agency (AEA), Austria
The Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Management (ECCM), Scotland
The Energy Saving Trust (EST), UK
Centro da Biomassa Para a Energia (CBE), Portugal
Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES), Greece
SWS Group Ltd. (SWS), Ireland
Agenzija za Prestrukturanje Energetike (ApE), SLovenia
Website: www.ieeprojects.net
Objective: To facilitate the establishment of local value chains for renewable heat
Benefits: Methodology for local communities to create business around the
development of heating from renewables
Keywords: Renewable Heat, Value Chains, Training the trainers
Duration: 01/2005 – 06/2007

Contract number:
Short description
This project contributes to the development of local value chains for heat from renewable energy sources by
transferring the extensive know-how of Austria in this field to Norway, Ireland, England, Scotland, Portugal, Greece,
and Slovenia, which have less experience.
The target countries lack appropriate tools and know-how for developing the often, interlinked value chains at local
level which requires in-depth theoretical knowledge and practical experience with economics and local politics. This
project aims to study existing, successful experiences and design an optimised market model. Furthermore the
project will use the model in concrete feasibility studies in pilot markets with the aim of a public-business-citizen
partnership in the partner countries. Both local authorities – which play a key role in this effort – and energy
advisors - in charge of developing the technical side of heating projects using renewables - will be trained directly
by Austrian experts.

‚ A management model of how to establish effective local value chains that can be used as blueprint for the
development of heating with renewable energy sources.
‚ Make local policy actors aware of the opportunities created by local value chains for renewable heating and
educate them in how to establish public-business-citizen partnerships
‚ Educate energy advisors in the respective countries in a way that enables them to assess and develop projects
in interested communities
‚ Analyse the requirements regarding legislative conditions that would support market development both on
national and on EU level. Particular emphasis will be given to assessing the potential benefits and to analyse,
compare and examine successful local and national legislative and financial initiatives and propose new ones
for the EU 5 points maximum, starting with the most important
22
Lessons learnt
‚ Stimulating business opportunities and job creation seem to be the major driving force for the development of
heating with renewable energy sources at local level
‚ Further legislative initiatives on local energy planning could enhance the development of heating with
renewable energy sources.
‚ Local value chains within different categories (technology-driven, product-driven and service-driven) are often
closely interlinked, and significant synergies can be found.
23
Efficient trading of biomass fuels and analysis of fuel supply chains and
business models (EUBIONET II)
Programme area: ALTENER, Heat and electricity from renewable energy sources
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Eija Alakangas,

VTT, Finland
E-mail: eija.alakangas@vtt.fi
Tel. +358 20 722 2550 or +358 400 542 454, fax.+358 20 722 2749
Partners: SLU, Sweden
SenterNovem, Netherlands
DTI, Denmark
FNR, Germany
CRES, Greece
FJ-BLT, Austria
SWS Group Ltd., Ireland
CRA-W, Belgium
Andalusian Energy Agency, Spain
University of Manchester, UK
CBE, Portugal
AEBIOM, Belgium
CEPI, Belgium
NKUAS, Finland
ADEME, France
Website: www.eubionet.net
Objective: To increase the use of biomass fuels by analysing trade, supply

chains, national legislation and directives
Benefits: Better knowledge of trends in solid biofuels trade, solid biofuel supply
chains, and implementation of directives
Keywords: biomass trade, legislation, fuel supply
Duration: 1/2005 – 12/2007

Contract number: EIE/04/065/S0.7.38628
Short description
EUBIONET II gives a clear outlook on the current and future biomass fuel market trends, collects feedback on the
CEN 335 biofuel standards from different market actors and analyses techno-economic potential of the biomass
fuel volumes until 2010.
Co-operation is done with forest industry stakeholders to find proper balance between industrial raw material and
bioenergy use.
30 different solid biofuel supply chains will be analysed, and the most suitable trading and business models for
small- and large-scale biofuel supply chains for heat and power production will be selected by taking into account
the environmental aspects and sustainability. Implementation of EU Directives in the member states, analysis on
legislative differences and the major driving forces related to biomass markets is analysed in EU25.
Target groups are biomass fuel traders and users, fuel producers and suppliers of different scales, policy makers.
Key associations, i.e. AEBIOM and CEPI, are participating in the project and disseminating information to various
groups.

‚ To give a clear outlook of current and future biomass fuel market trends in Europe (summary report under
preparation and national reports soon to be published)
‚ To give feedback on the suitability of CEN 335 biofuel standard for trading of biofuels (31 interviews carried
out, preliminary results will be presented at CEN/TC 335 meeting in UK in October 2006)
‚ To analyse, select and describe the most suitable trading and business models for small and large scale
biofuel supply chains for heat and power production by taking into account the environmental aspects and
sustainability (fact sheets of 30 chains, guide with recommendations (work will start in November 2006)
24
‚ To analyse the current European trends in bioenergy policies related to electricity and heat production. The
focus is on European legislation and its implementation in the Member States (summary report and national
reports published and one workshop organised)
‚ To enhance biomass use and biomass fuel trade and technology transfer by co-operation and information
dissemination with different market actors in the fuel-utilisation chain (events, articles, papers in conferences,
articles in journals, training programmes, study tours, listing technology providers, traders). Project flyer
published (7000 copies), web page established, 7 published articles, one international event organised and 2
planned, several national events and training seminars organised and one international training course
organised in Finland and one planned to be held in Germany, one study tour organised in Finland and second
planned to Russia.
Lessons learnt
‚ It seems to be clear that the international biomass trade will increase in the future, especially with pellets, for
which the traded volumes are estimated to be 10 million tons in 2010. The greatest potentials lies in increased
use of forest residues, but for economical reasons they are typically utilised locally, unless refined in to more
compact form. It is important to create rules for sustainable and fair trade in international biomass business.
For this purpose, technical specifications for solid biofuels have been created within the framework of CEN
TC335 standardisation. These specifications include e.g. quality requirements, fuels specifications and classes,
quality assurance, as well as determination of physical, mechanical and chemical properties. To ensure the use
of these standards, lot of information dissemination and training is needed. Increased use of biomass fuels may
lead to competition with forest industry, because of the restricted availability of raw material in some regions. It
is important, that the energy production would first concentrate on those wood fuel fractions which cannot be
used to produce industrial products with higher added value. This necessitates research and development to
improve the techno-economical efficiency of the production chains. In the near future it may become feasible to
produce liquid biofuels from wood and wet biomass that is currently used to generate heat and electricity or
pellets. In that case even greater competition will emerge between biofuel policies and bioenergy policies.
‚ Biomass is an important topic for European energy, climate and waste policy. The recently published European
Biomass Action Plan promotes the use of biomass for heat and power generation and biofuels for transport. As
for climate policy, generating useful energy from biomass limits the greenhouse gas emissions associated with
fossil fuel use. In addition, municipal waste contains a varying fraction of biogenic products and can also be
considered a source of bioenergy. EUBIONET II has analysed current European trends in bioenergy policies as
they relate to electricity and heat production. The focus is on European legislation and its implementation in the
Member States. European legislation and biomass use with regard to European legislation, the Renewable
Energy Sources (RES) Directive and the Landfill Directive are currently giving a significant incentive to
bioenergy projects across the EU. Under the RES directive most Member States have adopted policies
supporting bioenergy generation. The nature and level of this support varies among Member States from 0 to
21.5 € ct/kWhe and there has consequently been similarly wide variation in the growth of biomass use. In
Germany, with the highest support tariffs, bioenergy use doubled between 2000 and 2004, while in certain
other countries there was no increase at all. Because of these policy differences, within Europe today there is
subsidy-driven biomass transport to countries with relatively generous support systems. In the future, two other
directives may have an increasing impact on the use of biomass: the CO2 Emission Trading Scheme (ETS)
Directive and the Biofuels Directive. The first of these directives encourages generation of bioenergy in
installations covered by the ETS. Bioenergy policy gives rise to policy competition among Member States, one
result of which may be higher biomass prices, which would have a negative impact on the cost-efficiency of
bioenergy policy. Member States should therefore coordinate their bioenergy support regimes. It is not
necessary to introduce a uniform system of supports throughout the EU, for each country can take its natural
endowments into due consideration when designing an appropriate support regime. However, it is necessary to
avoid wasting subsidies.
25
Green Energy Clusters

Programme area: Altener, heat from renewable energy sources
Status: Ongoing
Coordinator: Mats Rydehell

KanEnergi Sweden AB, Sweden
E-mail: mats.rydehell@kanenergi.se
Tel: +46 511 34 76 64
Partners: O.Ö. Energiesparverband, Austria
GreenPartner, Norway
Norsk Enök & Energi (NEE), Norway
South West Wood Fuels Ltd (SWWF), UK
Rhônalpénergie-Environnement (RAEE), France
Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Lyon (CCI Lyon), France
Website: www.greenenergycluster.info
Objective: To strengthen regional markets for renewable heating and to develop

business by establishing regional SME clusters
Benefits: Business cooperation between SMEs in the clusters, capacity building
and exchange of experience and know-how.
Keywords: Cluster, SME, cooperation
Duration: 01/2005 – 02/2007

Contract number: EIE/04/101/S07.38.584
Short description
Most actors in the markets for heating from renewable energy sources are small. This project organises several
SMEs in regional clusters and joins their efforts to increase their visibility and enhance the knowledge transfer and
co-operation between the companies involved. Each cluster sets its own strategy and action plan for the
deployment of green energy in its region and market, including
‚ Training in entrepreneurship, management, marketing, export activities etc.
‚ Development of information tools, e.g. websites, brochures and seminars.
‚ Facilitate the exchange of experience and knowledge through cluster workshops and joint resources for
marketing, business development, export activities etc.
‚ Facilitate new business contacts and co-operation between the SMEs through bi- or multi lateral partnering
meetings.
‚ Production of a booklet on regional green energy cluster initiatives to support the formation of similar clusters
within other European regions.

‚ Establishment or strengthening of 5 Green Energy Clusters, one per region involved, resulting in increased
sales figures, new partnerships and cooperation between participating SMEs
‚ The raised knowledge, new contacts and utilisation of joint resources.
‚ Information dissemination activities for raised awareness amongst end-users.
‚ The potential import/export of products between the members of the different clusters which will broaden the
range of technologies and products on the regional markets.
‚ In total more than 200 companies/organisations will be involved in the clusters and 40 cluster activities
implemented.
26
Lessons learnt
‚ Most actors in the markets for heating from renewable energy sources are small SMEs with limited resources
for marketing, business development and capacity building. Although interested in participating in the clusters,
they experience difficulties in allocating sufficient time and resources to do that.
‚ Clustering is a long process that requires a lot of human resources in the initial stages to gain trust and to
achieve the first actual outcomes and results. Cluster coordinators have to have a good knowledge of the
market and technologies. Continuous communication and animation of the cluster members is a must. Thus
public bodies and/or funding are a necessity in the initial stage. Involvement of one or a few larger companies
that has resources also facilitates the cluster development.
‚ When the cluster has been initiated lot of opportunities for cost effective activities are identified and competition
between the cluster members is less prominent.
27
Key Issues for Renewable Heat in Europe (K4RES-H)

Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Uwe Brechlin

European Solar Thermal Industry Federation (ESTIF), Belgium
E-mail: info@estif.org
Tel: +32-2-546 19 38
Partners: WIP, Germany
AEBIOM – European Biomass Association, Belgium
EGEC – European Geothermal Energy Council, Belgium
EREC – European Renewable Energy Council, Belgium
EC-JRC – European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Italy
Agencia d’Energia de Barcelona, Spain
Energie 2000 – Energieagentur m Landkreis Kassel, Germany
IDAE – Instituto para la Diversificacion y Ahorro de la Energia, Spain
Website: www.erec-renewables.org/projects/proj_K4_RES-H_homepage.htm
Objective: Development of a comprehensive Action Plan for Renewable Heating

and Cooling in Europe
Benefits: Increased uptake of renewables in heating and cooling, reduced
dependency on fossil and nuclear energy
Keywords: Renewable heating/cooling, Support policies, Best practice
Duration: 01/2005-06/2007
Short description
Renewable energies for heating and cooling must play a key role in any future oriented energy policy in Europe.
For the short to medium term, support policies will remain vital to the development of strong RES-H markets, but
policy makers often struggle with identifying effective policies. The K4RES-H project analyses 5 Key Issues, in
order to develop clear and practical guidelines, which can be used to implement best practice RES-H support
policies on local, regional and European level.
The current political discussion of a European Directive to promote Renewable Heating and Cooling highlights the
need for the answers developed within the K4RES-H project. Member States will be able to use the results to
implement the future Directive.

A comprehensive Action Plan for Renewable Heating and Cooling in Europe, consisting of best practice guidelines
on 5 Key Issues:
‚ Setting verifiable targets for renewable heating and cooling
‚ Quantifying the energy delivery of individual renewable heating and cooling installations
‚ Regulatory measures to support renewable heating and cooling
‚ Financial incentives to renewable heating and cooling
‚ Supporting innovative renewable heating and cooling applications (such as cooling technologies)
Lessons learnt
The project is currently evaluating the analyses performed so far: Detailed guidelines for the Key Issues “Innovative
RES-H applications” and “Financial incentive schemes” will be published in summer 2006, guidelines on the
remaining three Key Issues in autumn of 2006.
28
Policy reinforcement concerning heat storage technologies (PREHEAT)

Status: Ongoing
Coordinator: Marco Bakker

ECN, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
email: m.bakker@ecn.nl
phone: +31 224 56 8079
fax: +31 224 56 8966
Partners: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, DE
Ellehauge & Kildemoes, DK
Building Research Establishment, UK
Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, FR
Website: www.preheat.org
Objective: Increase visibility of heat storage and funding possibilities for

development and implementation of improved heat storage
technologies
Benefits: Coherent European approach to heat storage development and
implementation, and a more efficient use of renewable heat.
Keywords: Heat storage, market potential, promotion.
Duration: 01/2006 – 06/2008

Short description
Without heat storage, renewable heating would not be possible. Although heat storage itself is rather invisible, its
impact on the amount of renewable energy generated in your house, city, and country is huge. By improving the
effectiveness of heat storage, we can improve the effectiveness of all renewable energy technologies that use heat
storage.
Because of the large diversity in heat storage technologies and systems, development is fragmented and there are
no possibilities for long-term investments. And because it is difficult to express heat storage in terms of policy
goals, there is currently no long-term European strategy. To effectively develop and improve heat storage
technologies, a coordinated and programmed international approach is required.
By analyzing the decision making process and describing the technology, markets and potential of heat storage,
PREHEAT will help European industry and decision makers to maximize the environmental, commercial and
economic benefits of heat storage.

‚ Increased awareness and funding possibilities for heat storage development and implementation.
‚ Reference framework about heat storage technologies for industry and policy makers.
‚ Description of the potential impact of heat storage to renewable energy generation.
‚ Overview of present and future markets for heat storage.
‚ Overview of heat storage technologies.
Lessons learnt
‚ A compact and efficient heat storage is essential for a very broad range of renewable energy systems.
‚ There is a strong need for more information on heat storage technologies, including market potential and best
practices.
‚ Although there are European and national programmes to promote renewable energy, heat storage is not
supported explicitly. A strategic and programmed approach would greatly stimulate the development and
implementation of improved heat storage, and thereby the effectiveness of renewable energy generation.
29
Promotion of Biogas for Electricity and Heat Production in EU Countries

Economic and Environmental Benefits of
Biogas from Centralised Co-digestion (PROBIOGAS)
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Teodorita Al Seadi

University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
E-mail: tas@bio.sdu.dk
Tel: +45 6550 4168
Partners: University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
Danish Research Institute of Food Economics, Denmark
Risoe National Laboratory, Denmark
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Denmark
Danish Agricultural Advisory Centre, Denmark
Association Solagro, France
Centre for Renewable Energy Sources, Greece
SenterNovem, The Netherlands
University of Barcelona, Spain
Methanogen Ltd, Ireland
Agricultural Research Centre of Wallonia - ValBiom Asbl, Belgium
Website: websrv4.sdu.dk/bio/probiogas.htm
Objective: Promote biogas technologies in Europe by quantifying its

environmental and economic benefits and by clarifying incentives and
barriers
Benefits: Establishing a platform for initiation of future policy initiatives for the
development of biogas
Keywords: Centralised co-digestion, environmental benefits, economic benefits
Duration: 01/2005-06/2007
Short description
Many biogas projects are abandoned at an early stage as the potential investors and promoters are often unaware
of the business opportunities and economic and environmental benefits associated with biogas systems.
The results from Denmark proved that centralised biogas production is a multifunctional technology, providing
quantifiable environmental and economic benefits for agriculture, industry, energy and the overall society and is
extremely competitive as tool in GHG reduction.
Similar quantification results are much in demand in many other European countries, showing the need to share
and further develop this knowledge at European level. This project aims to transfer and apply this knowledge to six
selected case study regions in EU countries and to disseminate the obtained results to the regional target groups
and to the overall European level.

‚ To establish a biogas target group network in each region, which will assist the data collection process, the
dissemination of results and will function as a platform for the initiation of future policy initiatives in that region
‚ To elaborate six national assessment reports quantifying environmental and economical benefits of centralised
co-digestion in the respective case study area. The reports will be translated into national languages and will
also include assessment of the non-technical barriers
‚ To elaborate a generic assessment report including overall results of the national assessment reports, in
English.
‚ To organise a European biogas seminar, for the dissemination of the project results and the promotion of the
newest biogas knowledge in Europe.
30
Lessons learnt
‚ There is a great difference between European countries concerning the kind and amount of data available for
the calculation of biogas externalities as well as the difficulties in getting it.
‚ Taking this into consideration, some unexpected problems and delays may occur during the data procurement
process, thus it is a good idea to set aside a reserve of time in the project time schedule.
31
Promoting Automatic Pellet Heating Systems in the Market (PROPELLETS)

Status: Ongoing
Coordinator: Francisco Puente Salve

ESCAN, Spain
E-mail: escan@escansa.com
Tel: +34 91 323 26 43
Partners: JSP, Finland
ESV, Austria
RHPL, England
ETA, Italy
Website: www.escansa.com/propellets.htm
Objective: Promotion of European Pellet Heating Systems in the Market

Benefits: Overcome market barriers and increase the use of pellet heating
systems in the EU
Keywords: Pellet, Market, Heating System
Duration: 01/2005 – 01/2008

Budget: 789,906 € (EU contribution: 50%)
Contract number: EIE 04 040 S07.38560
Short description
The PROPELLETS project promotes automatic pellet heating systems, within different regional scenarios from the
European Market, through both the demonstration of the technical-economic feasibility of pilot heating facilities and
the integration of acquired experiences.
The regions selected to implement the project are Asturias (Spain), Central Finland, Upper Austria, Southwest
England and the Province of Florence (Italy). These regions have a strong tradition on forest processing and/or an
increasing interest in biomass related business. Every region has created its own working group, integrating
interested end-users, local and regional organisms, boilers and biomass suppliers, biomass related associations
and engineering firms, providing the adequate focus to the initiatives to reach the objectives.
The specific objectives are: market stimulation by means of assessing and disseminating best practices to targeted
groups; involving and increasing the actors' experience through the demonstration of pilot heating unit's feasibility;
stimulating European technology transfer to other markets.

‚ Wood/agro pellets market stimulation in EU regions through a network constituted by the partners and actors.
Each country has constituted a regional network in the first year of the project to achieve the results (e.g.: In
England, one pellets plant is in commissioning by Propellets actor; e.g.: Spanish companies began to install
Austrian pellet boilers in Spain; Two Finnish Municipalities are studying to install in new neighbourhoods pellets
heating systems)
‚ Installation of demonstrative pilot heating systems to involve the market's actors and to favour the demand.
(e.g. in year 2005, it was installed a 500 kW demonstrative PROPELLETS heating system in an events facility
in Southwest England).
‚ Integration of experiences and promotion of the EU pellet market at regional level. Technology of pellets
transfer from Europe to other markets inside and outside Europe. (e.g. Italian partner is in contact with Russian
Federation for boilers and pellets business)
‚ It is expected a new total installed capacity of 5MW, which will substitute 34.000 t/year of coal and will avoid
the emission of 14.000t CO2/year. (e.g. in the first year of the project, 2005, almost 1 MW was in development
in the five PROPELLETS regions).
‚ The results of these UE selected regions will be representative of a great part of Europe.
32
Lessons learnt
‚ Since the start of the PROPELLETS project there is a clear demand coming from target groups in the use of
pellets heating systems and boilers for the substitution of traditional coal, oil and electric heating systems. The
project has provided a working framework to key actors creating working groups, but also awareness and
confidence.
‚ Main barriers found are the need of information and advising for the installation of biomass heating systems,
and sometimes the lack of subsidies and financial incentives. Also transfer of technology seems to be
necessary among countries, and information systems for market (updated prizes) may help its development.
‚ There are several ways of using a biomass heating system different than managing everything by the own end-
user, avoiding worries. In some cases, Energy Services Companies (ESCOs) could be a good choice if it is
wanted to avoid initial investment costs, as they could finance the installation of the biomass heating system. In
some other cases, Energy Entrepreneurships could provide the pellets and the system maintenance, so the
end-user only has to buy the system by him/her-self.
33
Quality Management, Organisation, Validation of Standards, Developments

and Inquiries for SRF (QUOVADIS)
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Giovanni Ciceri

CESI RICERCA, Italy
E-mail: giovanni.ciceri@cesiricerca.it
Tel. +39 02 3992 4667
Partners: Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale italiano “Giacinto Motta” SpA, Italy
Comitato Termotecnico Italiano, Italy
European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre
TAUW – BW, Netherlands
Institut fuer Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen, Germany
Institute for Waste, Waste Water and Infrastructure-Management,
Germany
Enel Produzione SpA ; Italy
Centre de Recherche pour l'Environnement, l'Énergie et le Déchet,
France
Green Land Reclamation Ltd, UK
Scoribel, Belgium
Stratene E u.r.l., France
VTT - Technical Research centre of Finland, Finland
Solid Recovered
REMONDIS, Germany
Fuel (SRF)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Sweden
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Ricerche sulla
Combustione (IRC), Italy
Website: quovadis.cesi.it
Objective: To validate the specifications of the CEN standard CEN/TS 343 for
Solid Recovered Fuels; to recognise the Solid Recovered Fuel
potential in the enlarged EU
Benefits: To give common rules for Quality Management; Classification and
Characterisation of Solid Recovered Fuels in the enlarged EU
Keywords: Solid Recovered Fuels, validation of standard, Quality Management
Duration: 01/2005 – 12/2007

Budget: € 2,103,978 (EU contribution: 50 %)
Contract number: EIE/031/S07.38597
Short description
Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) are prepared from non-hazardous waste. Their use is regulated under EU legislation
and implies specifications for commercial or regulatory purposes. SRFs are seen as important contribution to a
sustainable EU waste management. Directive 2001/77/EC includes in its scope the production of electricity from
biomass, being defined as the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture, forestry and
related industries, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste.
In this context the European Commission gave a mandate to the European standardisation body CEN to develop
and validate Technical Specifications (TS) concerning SRF for energy recovery and to transform these into
European Standards. To meet these requests, QUOVADIS adopts a holistic validation programme covering quality
management and the validation exercises for the pre-standards of CEN TC 343.
Results dissemination and knowledge exchange in the enlarged EU is also taken in due account by collecting data
on production and potential of SRF.
34

‚ Full documentation (including Round Robins and ruggedness) on validated TS for 19 TS for chemical, physical,
biological, and sampling to be submitted to CEN; so as to cover: sampling, (sampling and sample reduction;
preparation of test-portion)
‚ A validated classification system for SRF
‚ Documentation on the application of QM to selected plants, including cost/benefit analysis (CBA)
‚ A comprehensive database on SRF in Europe, based on the classification system necessary for the validation
of the TS
Lessons learnt
‚ SRF seems to be a valid way for a proper and environmental acceptable use of non hazardous waste, mainly
for waste fraction difficult to be recycled; this is particularly evident in small Countries where relatively low
waste streams are produced
‚ A common classification system of SRF thoroughly Europe is essential to improve the market giving the same
rules in all the EU Member States
‚ The availability of common EN standard for the SRF characterisation and the development of an agreed
Quality Management System can contribute to the Public acceptance of SRF for energy production
35
Enlarging Solar Thermal Systems in Multi-Family Houses,

Hotels, Public and Social Buildings in Europe (SOLARGE)

Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Bodo Grimmig

target GmbH, Germany
E-mail: grimmig@targetgmbh.de
Tel: +49 511 96599706
Partners: ADEME, France
Ambiente Italia srl, Italy
Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, Germany
Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft (BSW), Germany
Ecofys B.V., Netherlands
Ecofys S.L., Spain
Enerplan, France
European Solar Thermal Industry Association (ESTIF), Belgium
Ramboll A/S, Denmark
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Website: www.solarge.org
Objective: Supporting the market rollout for collective solar thermal systems
Benefits: Fossil fuel savings, climate protection, job creation, regional economic
development
Keywords: CSTS (collective solar thermal systems), good practice database,

campaign
Duration: 01/2005 – 12/2007

Budget: € 1,367,243 (EU contribution: 50 %)
Short description
Taking national and European energy and climate protection policies into account, the development and
implementation of collective solar thermal systems (CSTS) is getting an important role. The project SOLARGE is
incorporating all relevant aspects for multi-family houses, hotels, public and social buildings. Existing projects and
general conditions are and will be analysed and shown in a good practice database on the 8-languages project
website. From this, advice and recommendations will be derived for the demand side as well as information and
assistance concerning argumentation for the supply side. A campaign will publish the conclusions as well as
training courses for the different target groups. SOLARGE is based on existing project results in the participating
countries and develops these approaches further. For the first time, a systematic and international comparison will
take part.

‚ Analysis of the current situation with the aid of detailed market reports, compilation and communication of
European good practice projects and solutions in a online database and identification of market obstacles and
opportunities
‚ Factors for success concerning technology, project development and realisation
‚ Information and sensitisation of the target groups in Europe, which are: housing and hotel industry, public
authorities, manufacturers of solar thermal equipment, planner, architects and engineers
‚ Development of proposals to improve existing political framework conditions for CSTS applications and support
of national and European energy policies
‚ Europe-wide dissemination of results
36
Lessons learnt
‚ Collective solar thermal systems become more important, especially for the housebuilding sector.
‚ At present, there are still market obstacles for the widely spread application of large solar thermal systems, like
investors’ lack of information or qualification deficits at the supply side.
‚ Nevertheless, there is definitely potential for further implementation of CSTS in all partner countries, especially
when the increasing level of energy prices in several countries is considered.
37
Large open EU market for solar thermal products (SOLARKEYMARK-II)

Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Uwe Brechlin

European Solar Thermal Industry Federation (ESTIF)
Email: info@estif.org
Tel: +32-2-546 19 38
Partners: Solar Key International, DK
University of Stuttgart ITW (Institut für Thermodynamik und Source: S.O.L.I.D. / ESTIF
Wärmetechnik), DE
Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, FR
Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, SE
GREENoneTEC Solar industrie GmbH, AT
Solahart Industries Pty Ltd, NL
THERMOMAX LTD., UK
Österreichisches Forschungs-und Prüfzentrum Arsenal Ges.m.b.H,
AT
National Center for Scientific Research “DEMOKRITOS”, GR
Instituto Nacional de EngenhariaTecnologia e Inovação, I.P., PT
Canary Island Institute Of Technology, ES
Website: www.estif.org/solarkeymark/skii.php
Objective: To open up the European market for solar thermal quality products Source: VELUX / ESTIF
Benefits: Consumers will have better access to these products
Keywords: Market, solar thermal, products
Duration: 01/2006 – 12/2008

Contract number: EIE/05/052/2005 Source: ZENSOLAR / ESTIF
Short description
This project aims at opening up the European market for solar thermal quality products. Currently the market is still
fragmented due to different national and regional requirements in (buildings) regulation and financial incentive
schemes. By removing current barriers to trade, consumers will have improved access to solar thermal quality
products resulting in a higher uptake of solar thermal energy in the EU.
Recently European Standards for solar thermal products were established, and the CEN ‘Solar Keymark’, which
certifies conformity with these standards has been introduced. However the acceptance of these standards is not
yet universal, and some conflicts remain between the EN Standards and national regulations and requirements in
national/regional subsidy schemes. Products, which are Keymark’ed but do not meet the national/regional
requirements are still not eligible for financial support and cannot compete with eligible products.
Furthermore, the EC Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Performance of Buildings – while generally being positive
towards solar thermal – could actually increase fragmentation of the market, as differing implementations introduce
new trade barriers.

‚ Removal of trade barriers within the EU
‚ More transparent information on product quality, resulting in higher trust of all actors involved
‚ Higher integration of EU market, resulting in more competition at European level, economics of scale, cost
reductions and transfer of know-how (technical, marketing, integration in heating system) within the EU
Lessons learnt
38
An integrated network on thermal biomass conversion for power, heat and

transport fuels (ThermalNet)
Programme area: ALTENER, Electricity and heat from renewable energy sources
Status: Ongoing
Coordinator: Tony Bridgwater

Bio Energy Research Group, Aston University, United Kingdom
E-mail: a.v.bridgwater@aston.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0) 121 204 3381
Partners: TNO - Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research,
Netherlands
TUV-ICE, Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical
Engineering, Austria
VTT – Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland
Rural Generation Limited, United Kingdom
Mitsui Babcock Energy Limited, United Kingdom
TPS Termiska Processer AB, Sweden
Universita degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Italy
ECN - Energy Centre of the Netherlands, Netherlands
University of Manchester, United Kingdom
JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Austria
CREAR, Univeristy of Florence, Italy
CIRAD – Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement, France
Website: www.thermalnet.co.uk
Objective: Supporting implementation of thermal processing of biomass for fuels

and electricity by combustion, gasification and pyrolysis
Benefits: Bringing together industry and academia to exchange practical
information and experience (on technical and non-technical issues)
Keywords: Biomass, Renewable Energy, Thermal conversion
Duration: 01/05/2005 – 31/12/2007

Short description
The ThermalNet network covers the three thermal conversion technologies Combustion, Gasification and Pyrolysis
and addresses these through twelve technical and non-technical work packages (Further details can be found on
the project website). The matrix structure helps to maximise interactions between all the technologies and the
various topics which are discussed. In addition to the project partners, a range of experts from industry and
academia participate and contribute to meetings, presentations, newsletters and reports. Meetings of the network
are held approximately every 6 months and each meeting aims to cover approximately half of the work packages in
a detailed workshop. A newsletter containing updates on technical progress within the technologies, new projects
and information about events and conferences is produced every 6 months and circulated as widely as possible.

‚ Integrated newsletter on thermal biomass conversion
‚ 4 inter-related websites
‚ Workshop meetings with active involvement of industry
‚ Successful interaction with IEA Bioenergy Tasks
39
Lessons learnt
‚ There are valuable synergies between different thermal conversion technologies
‚ Interaction between complementary networks and organisations provides a very beneficial contribution to the
more effective development of bioenergy systems
‚ Synergistic interaction of technical and non-technical barriers contributes significantly to improving the uptake
and success of bioenergy schemes
40
Thermal Energy from Renewables – References and Assessment (ThERRA)

Programme area: ALTENER, evaluation and monitoring
Status: ongoing
Coordinator: Lex Bosselaar

SenterNovem
Netherlands
L.Bosselaar@SenterNovem.nl
Tel +31 30 2393 495
Partners: Ademe, France
Adene, Portugal
A.E.A., Austria
CRES, Greece
KAPE, Poland
BEA, Germany
Website: www.therra.info
Objective: To develop and disseminate a methodology for monitoring the total

amount of renewable heat produced in the EU
Benefits: The project results will allow setting targets for renewable heat and
evaluating whether they are reached
Keywords: Renewable heat, monitoring, statistics
Duration: 01/2006 – 12/2008

Budget: €468,490 (EU contribution 50%)
Short description
The definition of, and the methodology to measure, “renewable heat” are currently subject to debate. For instance,
should heat pumps be included into the renewable heat statistics, and is heat from biomass and solar collectors
properly accounted for? How should heat from waste be treated? Each country approaches these issues of
definition and measurement differently, and methods to collect renewable heat statistics differ widely.
The overall picture on the use of renewable heat in Europe is therefore unclear. This makes it impossible to know
to what extent renewable heat contributes to an EU target according to which 12% of the total energy used in 2010
should be from renewables. It is also disturbs plans to create a European Directive on renewable heat.
In order to overcome this situation, the ThERRA partners will develop and disseminate a method to monitor the
amount of renewable heat used in the EU. The project team will test this method in 7 representative EU countries
with the aim of creating an approach which key actors from across Europe will agree to.

The main result of the project will be a methodology that can be used to monitor the renewable heat production in
Europe. This will include:
‚ A definition of renewable heat
‚ A protocol describing the methodology to monitor renewable heat, which complements the Eurostat
methodology.
‚ Figures of the production of renewable heat in the participating countries
‚ A report describing the foundations of the methodology and the link with measured values.
Lessons learnt
41
WasteWaterHeat
Status: Ongoing
Coordinator: Sabine Piller

Berliner Energieagantur GmbH, Germany
E-mail: piller@berliner-e-agentur.de
Tel: +49 (30) 29 33 30 - 34
Partners: Norconsult AS, Norway
Energy Agency for Southeast Sweden (ESS), Sweden
Grazer Energieagentur Ges.m.b.H. (GEA) Austria
Website: www.wastewaterheat.net
Objective: Main objective is to provide targeted information to encourage the

development of wastewater heat projects
Benefits: Reduction in fossil fuels consumption via increased utilization of
quasi-renewable energy out of sewage.
Keywords: Energy Efficiency – Heat-pumps – Waste heat
Duration: 01/2006 – 12/2007

Short description
The aim of the project WasteWaterHeat is to provide specific information for European and national key actors
about technology, economics and potential energy saving if heat energy is taken from wastewater. We do so by
cooperating closely with producers, planers, experts, local authorities and operators of existing facilities. The
objectives behind are to develop the necessary steps to overcome existing barriers in the energy market, to
disseminate the knowledge about wastewater heat utilisation and to increase the use of wastewater heat in
Europe.
It is attractive to accomplish a wastewater heat project due to economic reasons and the potential high efficiency of
decentralised energy systems in general. The usage of wastewater heat is particularly interesting for
implementation in urban areas where high pollution values especially ask for the implementation of energy supply
solutions with low CO2-emissions.

‚ Overview about the market situation in each partner country
‚ Overview about the existing heat pump and heat exchanger technology and systems in Europe
‚ Project development guideline with best practice analyses in each partner country
‚ Pilot projects and pre-feasibility studies in each partner country
‚ Strategy of a market rollout in Europe
Lessons learnt
‚ The accomplished market analysis in the four partner countries has shown that Wastewater heat has the
potential to supply thousands of household with heat energy.
‚ For cost effective reasons it is particular important to coordinate the necessary installations for wastewater heat
projects with the local infrastructure planning.
‚ Good cooperation with the local company who operates the waste water system is essential for a successful
realisation of wastewater heat projects.
42
New Projects (start 2007)

The projects outlined in this part of the document were submitted under the 2005 call for proposals of the Intelligent
Energy – Europe programme and have successfully passed the evaluation. They are therefore very likely to start
later in 2006 or in early 2007.
The information provided is of a provisional nature and given for information purposes only. It does not bind legally
any of the involved parties.
43
Integration of Geothermal Energy into Industrial Applications (IGEIA)

Geothermal technology provides power, heating and cooling for single households, cities, for tourism, industry and
agriculture.
Geothermal energy may be used in a number of ways in the industrial field. Potential applications could include
drying, process heating, evaporation, distillation, washing, desalination, and chemical extraction.
While there are many potential industrial uses of geothermal energy, the number of European applications is
relatively small.
However, a fairly wide range of uses are represented : large retails and leisure, vegetable dehydration, fish
processing and drying, chemical recovery... Some large industrial applications exist in Europe : in Germany, in
France and in Sweden. These systems provide the best present examples of industrial geothermal energy use.
These examples have to be replicated in Europe. We need firstly to understand the needs of the industry in order
to provide an answer with a geothermal installation taking into account local aspects. The next step is to customise
the answer, for disseminating the ‘geothermal’ products all over the EU industrial sector.
Contact Details
Saunier & Associes (Saunier & Ass.)

Mr Philippe Dumas
+322 223 63 74
pdumas@saunier-associes.com
Participating Countries
France, Germany, Sweden, Portugal, Estonia
Guideline for Safe and Eco-friendly Biomass Gasification

(Gasification Guide)
The main objective is to accelerate the market uptake of biomass gasification technology by developing a guideline
on Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) issues that is accepted by relevant target groups and key market actors.
Biomass gasification is a promising technology, that is energy efficient, safe, environmental friendly and that can
contribute significantly to renewable energy generation. The technology is close to commercialisation but large-
scale implementation is hampered by various reasons. Leading gasification experts joined in the EU and IEA Task
33 Gasification Network identified HSE issues as an important barrier to technology deployment. Due to poor
awareness and lack of understanding of HSE issues authorities tend to impose unrealistic and costly requirements
on gasification plants. A broadly accepted HSE guideline would effectively tackle this barrier.
Contact Details
BTG biomass technology group BV (BTG)

Mr Harrie Knoef
+31 53 486 1186
knoef@btgworld.com
The Netherlands, Austria, Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Bulgaria
GeoThermal Regulation - Heat (GTR-H)

The GTR-H project will review and establish the regulatory barriers and deficiencies of four, unregulated EU target
countries through a process of discussion and consultation with key target actors and stakeholders at a national
level.
A review of the current best practice regulatory frameworks in three ‘example’ countries will be carried out. These
will provide the necessary expertise through key, national stakeholder interviews and study tours for the
unregulated target countries.
44
The project will provide a national framework document in the four target countries aimed at aimed at increasing
overall sectoral investment in geothermal energy for the exploration and exploitation of heat across the EU. This
will also build on previous projects such as K4RES-H in the renewable energy sector.
In addition to the national framework documents, guidelines for the establishment of geothermal regulation in other
EU countries will be provided and disseminated to a broader international audience.
Contact Details
CSA Group Ltd (CSA)

Mr Nick O'Neill
00 353 1 2964667
noneill@csa.ie
Ireland, UK, Belgium, Hungary, Poland, France, Germany, the Netherlands
Development and Promotion of a Transparent European Pellets Market -

Creation of a European Real-time Pellets Atlas (PELLETS@LAS)
The project PELLETS@LAS will contribute to the development of a transparent European pellets market through
the creation of a real-time European Pellets Atlas. This will be achieved by the direct involvement of major
stakeholders such as pellets associations as well as pellets producers, traders and consumers.
The core of the proposed action is a data and information collection in all EU 25+4 countries for wood and mixed
biomass pellets (MBP) and the identification of international pellets trade opportunities. The data are up-dated
quarterly and will include regional prices, available qualities and quantities, the locations of stakeholders as well as
a detailed description of logistics systems.
The permanent provision of reliable pellet market data to all pellet actors in Europe will contribute largely to
overcome current market barriers. Moreover, it will contribute to the implementation of future European legislation
in the heat sector which according to the Commission’s Biomass Action Plan is currently hindered by lack of market
confidence and transparency rather than costs.
Contact Details
WIP - KG (WIP)
Mr Rainer Janssen
49 89 720 12743
rainer.janssen@wip-munich.de
Germany, Denmark, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Poland, Estonia, Hungary, France, UK
Dissemination, Education and Standardisation of Phyllis Database for

Biofuels and Bioashes (PHYDADES)
Rapid growth of biomass as a sustainable fuel requires standardized analysis methods of fuels and ashes. Reliable
information is vital for key players in biomass trade, such as biomass producers, traders, users, equipment
manufacturers and legislative bodies. The Project will make this kind of information available by means of a public
database and education in the use of standards. For the new database, based on the existing PHYLLIS database,
partners will collect and screen data of biomass fuels and ashes. A lot of information exists at various locations, but
it is dispersed and not directly comparable. The database and simple calculation tools will be accessible through
the Internet. The education will be provided as workshops for target groups and as on-job training for laboratory
staff. The workshops will be held in regions where it is expected that education is most needed. Partners
experienced in standardized analysis (involved in the projects BIONORM) will provide training. The overall result
will be faster penetration in the use of standardized methods for biomass analysis, also in new member states,
resulting in a faster growth of the EU biomass market.
45
Contact Details
Energy research Centre of the Netherlands / Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (ECN)

Mr Jan Pels
+31-224-564884
pels@ecn.nl
The Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, Poland, Estonia, Spain, Italy, Austria
Business Opportunities in Biomass Sector for SMEs (BIOBUSINESS)

Analysis of the business and market opportunities within biomass sector, specially aiming at entrepreneurs and
SMEs. BIOBUSINESS will focus on the creation and growth of biomass related enterprises as the basis for
economic regeneration of the regions concerned, including its most depressed rural areas. Partners of the project,
regional industrial development agencies, energy management agencies and Public Administrations will work also
alongside existing renewable energy related SMEs to develop scenarios for creating a critical mass of new
enterprise. In parallel an inventory of biomass resources, a study of trends in biomass related enterprises, a
technology transfer and market opportunities investigation, and a state-of-the-art investigation on legal frameworks,
will assess the situation for a recommendation paper to be done. The project outcome should be a replicable
methodology for the deployment of biomass as one of the most important renewable energies, as well as a
blueprint for biomass-related industrial development in other European areas.
Contact Details
Asociacion para la Gestion de CEI-Burgos (CEEI-Burgos)

Mr Juan Carlos Martinez Barrio
+34947244332
jcmartinez@ceeiburgos.es
Spain, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia
European Network of Bioenergy Districts (RENEWED)

The main barriers to wide scale biomass energy production are the difficulties to guarantee the economic
sustainability of the energy chain and a fair distribution of the value added along the chain. These barriers will be
addressed and aimed to be removed within RENEWED, which will establish a European network of at least 7 bio-
energy districts. Three organisational levels are foreseen: Bioenergy Districts at sub-provincial level; Coordinated
Directions at regional level, European Network at central level, conceived in such a way that the “higher” levels
support the “lower” ones. The project foresees a common methodological approach to the identification of bio-
energy districts, the involvement of all concerned actors, the realisation of in depth feasibility studies and the
definition of development projects at local level. Furthermore, support actions will include a survey on bioenergy
knowledge, setting up of bio-energy chain Framework Agreements, financial and certification schemes.
The regions involved are: Emilia-Romagna (IT), Burgenland (AT), Tolna (HU), Central Macedonia (GR) and
Comunidad de Madrid (ES).
Contact Details
C.R.P.V. (Centro Ricerche Produzioni Vegetali) Società Cooperativa

Mr Nicola Stanzani
+39 0547.347164
stanzani@crpv.it
Italy, Hungary, Greece, France, Austria, Spain
46
Promotion and Education Tool-Kit on Renewable Energy Sources for

Heating and Cooling (RES-HEAT/COOL-TOOL)
The overall objective is to develop, test and demonstrate the RES-HEAT/COOL-TOOL-kit, which as a key element
has early stakeholder involvement, knowing that the lack of stakeholder involvement is a barrier for implementation.
The tool-kit comprises: 1)18 new regional case stories on successful implementation of RES-heating/cooling
systems in small-medium sized towns and villages using the tool-kit in Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia and
Bulgaria 2)Technical-economic key figures 3)Organisational guidelines 4)Information and promotion programmes
for using the tool-kit 5)Education programmes for using the tool-kit. The tool-kit will focus on the Baltic Sea, the
Central European and South European Regions including RES-technologies as: Biomass (straw, wood
pellets/chips, biogas, bio-fuels) and solar heating for district heating/individual buildings, heat pumps and passive
heating and cooling.
Contact Details
Samsø Energi- og Miljøkontor (SEM)

Mr Søren Hermansen
+45 86592322
semk@veo.dk
Denmark, Austria, Spain, Poland, Hungary, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Poland, Slovakia, Denmark
Increased Deployment of Firewood by Improving Fuel Quality and Low

Emission Combustion (Quality Wood)
In domestic use firewood heating plays a major role in fulfilling the EU targets of increased share of renewables in
the Community’s energy balance. Difficulties in firewood utilization are the management of the firewood quality,
undeveloped production technologies, market structures and supply chains, as well as differing national standards
of combustion emissions. Objective of the project is to enhance a significant increase of the actual energy
produced from firewood in the EU by promoting better fuel quality management, to improve firewood production
and supply chains and to promote the use of more efficient combustion appliances with less environmental
impacts. Work will be done in co-operation by 8 partners from 6 Member States and Norway. The expected results
include analysis and understanding on firewood resources and quality, markets, production and combustion
equipment, firewood, and the status of standards in the firewood market.
Contact Details
Technical Researc Centre of Finland (VTT)

Mr Arvo Leinonen
+358 40 582 9477
arvo.leinonen@vtt.fi
Finland, Norway, France, Austria, Spain, Slovenia
Regional Bioenergy Initiatives Increasing the market for Biomass Heating in

Europe (REGBIE+)
The main renewable energy source used for heating in the EU is biomass in its various forms.
The objectives of REGBIE+ are to:
‚ support the targets of the EU Biomass Action Plan
‚ support regional initiatives to increasing the share of biomass heating
‚ remove technical and non-technical market barriers
‚ stimulate regional market development
‚ raise the general awareness on biomass opportunities
47
REGBIE+ strengthen the regional level and clearly focuses the uptake of biomass heating technologies, small
scaled heating plants fired by pellets, heating plants from 150kW up fired by wood-chips, sawing by-products,
biomass-based CHP.
Related to the technology approach and the wp`s the activities are addressed at:
‚ policy, investors and key market actors on the regional level
‚ installing business and fuel suppliers
‚ general public, private households, schools
‚ The partnership covers twelve EU countries and represents some of the most ambitious regions for the
implementation of bioenergy in Europe.
Contact Details
Target GmbH
Mr Bodo Grimmig
+49 (0)5119096883
grimmig@targetgmbh.de
Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Sweden, Austria, France, Spain, Italy, UK, Ireland, Sweden,
Lithuania
Refund Individual Investments in Res Heating Systems through Direct Tax

Measures (REFUND +)
The main obstacle to the development of RES heating systems in private households is related to the high
investment cost of these installations. Direct tax measures (income tax credits, income tax reductions and tax
allowances) are being used today by four Member States to reduce this initial outlay: Austria, Belgium, France, and
Portugal. The effects of these measures are not well known. REFUND + will evaluate the four on-going
experiences through a bottom-up economic investigation of impacts and a qualitative study among consumers and
installers of concerned technologies. Overall cross-country analysis will determine best practises, success or failure
factors. Implementation of such instruments will be simulated in two case studies on Lithuania and Poland. The
consortium will devise operational recommendations directed to policy makers so as to enable them to optimise
their tax policies and to facilitate adoption of such support policies in the countries where such do not exist.
Findings will be disseminated through four national workshops, two regional conferences in CEECs, presentations
to the IEA and Council of Europe and a closing conference.
Contact Details
Observatoire des énergies renouvelables (Observ'ER)

Mr Yves-Bruno CIVEL
00 33 1 44 18 00 80
yves-bruno.civel@energies-renouvelables.org
France, Belgium, Portugal, Austira, Lithuania, Poland
48

Intelligent Energy - HEAT FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES - 21 Innovative Projects For An Energy-Intelligent Europe

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HEAT FROM RENEWABLE

21 innovative projects for an energy-intelligent Europe

Status: December 2006

Objectives and priorities of the key action

Involvement of key target groups

Five European Res Heat Pilots (5 Eures)

Coordinator: Asko Ojaniemi

Objective: Transfer of know-how, development of five regional RES heat

Keywords: Heat, Bioenergy, Market

Duration: 01/2005 –12/2007

Expected and/or achieved results

Establishment of regional biomass markets through plant partnerships

Coordinator: Sonja Ewerstein

Keywords: Establish biomass markets

Expected and/or achieved results

BioEnergy Promotion (BioProm)

Coordinator: Markus Siehr

Objectives: Identification of non-technical barriers concerning bioenergy facilities

Keywords: Regional networks, bioenergy facilities, market penetration

Duration: 01/2005 – 06/2007

Expected and/or achieved results

Techno-economical assessment of the production and use of biofuels for

Coordinator: Inés Echeverria Goñi

Objective: Encourage the development of biofuel heating and cooling markets in

Keywords: Solid biofuels, forest biomass, heating and cooling

Duration: 01/2005 – 02/2007

Expected and/or achieved results

Boosting Bioenergy in Europe (BOOSTING BIO)

Coordinator: Jossart Jean-Marc

Objective: To boost bioenergy in Europe through targeted actions in 2005 and

Keywords: Bioenergy vision, decision makers, market actors

Duration: 01/2005 -12/2006

Expected and/or achieved results

Extend Accredited Renewables Training for Heating (EARTH)

Coordinator: Rolf Oldach

Objective: Developing training courses for installers of solar water heating,

Keywords: Installer training; renewable energy; heating

Duration: 01/2005 – 12/2006

Expected and achieved results

Solar thermal applications in EASTern Europe with Guaranteed Solar

Coordinator: Stéphane POUFFARY

Objective: Encourage the emergence of a sustainable solar thermal market with

Keywords: Solar thermal market, guaranteed solar results, telemonitoring

Duration: 01/2006– 12/2008

Expected and/or achieved results

European Heating and Cooling market study

Coordinator: Norela Constantinescu

Capital Cooling, Sweden EJ

Combustible Renewables and Waste

Danish DH Association (DFF), Denmark 70,0

Finish Energy Industries, Finland 40,0

Coal and Coal Products

German DH Association (AGFW0, Germany

Italian DH Association (AIRU), Italy

Association of Gas and DH Supply Companies (FGVW), Austria 65

Swedish DH Association, Sweden 60

Norwegian DH Association, Norway, 50

French DH and Cooling Association, (SNCU), France 40

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Objective: Assess the European heating/cooling markets, evaluate possibilities

Keywords: European, heating, cooling

Duration: 01/2005 – 12/2006

Expected and/or achieved results