Jacqyes Boucher de Perthes

CJ thompsen
Edward Tylor
Some North American Archaeological
Pioneers
Sir flenders petrie
Sir Mortimer wheeler
Dorothy garrod
Alfred kidder
Julio Tello
Gordon childe
Gordon willey
Kathleen kenyon
Mary Leakey
Willard Libby
Lewis Binford
Ian Hodder

GIS
Michael B. Schiffer
Lifecycle of artifact
Culture
Cultural typologies
Three important journals
Critical levels of socio-cultural
integration
Segmentary principle
Napoleon Chagnon
The village and the clan

The antiguity of humankind, finding handazes

1st national museum in Denmark; 3 age system (stone,
bronze, iron)
Unilineal evolution
Squier, Have, Powell (the American ethnographic
survey)
Egypt
Seriation (organizing artifacts into assemblages)
Grid system
1st professor at Cambridge
Pueblo southwest archaeology
Quechua, peru, father of peruian archaeology
The danube, diffusion, Neolithic revolution, urban
revolution
Economic functionalism
Ecological approach
Biological archaeology
settlement pattern and human behaviour
Kenyon-wheeler method
Early hominin sites
Radiocarbon dating
Father of new archaeology
ARCHCHAEOLOGY AS ANTHROPOLOGY
Post-processual archaeology (pluralizing pasts)
Child with jewelry
Anti-uniformitarianism
Cognitive Analogies
Geographic information systems
Importance of site formation
Acquisition, manufacture, use, discard
Culture is a system of subsystems of key attributessubsistence, technology, religion, society, and
ecomoy
Developed by Elman Service and Marshall Sahlins
Bands, segmentary tribal societies, chiefdoms, and
states
Science, nature, DNAS
Family group
Local group
Regional polity
Societies have the ability to come together and break
apart (often seasonally)
Yanomama Tribe
Group building role of territorial defense as a result
of increasing population

Corporate group and big man collective

chiefdoms

State level societies

Functionalism in
Anthropology/Archaeology
Functionalism
Processual archaeology
Structural functionalism
Environmental Functionallism

Lord Kitchner
Research Design

Desert Kite
Paul Goldberg
Butzer
Munsell
4 tier model of analogy

Importance of economic interdependence

Associated with food surplus
Debt-based society
Subsistence oriented producers
Large scale monuments
Require hierarchical integration
Larger than simple polities
Systems of finance
Economically and ethnically diverse population
Military responsible for expansion and maintaining
peace
Elites now unrelated by kinship
Says culture is adaptive mechanism against natural
environment
Reaction against culture-historical approach
Rejects western European idea of diffusion
Synchronous approach that understands how systems
routinely operate without accounting for major
changes
Diachronous seeks to understand hyw and why such
systems change irreversibly (Lewis Binford)
Pioneered by Malinowski and Radcliffe-brown
Von Post: pollen analysis
Worsaae: Sea level changes linked to archaeological
finds (envirionmental functionalism)
Great Survey of Western Palestine
Formute research strategycollect and record data to
test hypotheses
Process and analyze data
Publish resuts
Deer hunting enclosure
Sediment peels
Primary, secondary, and tertiary cultural deposits
Soil color chart
1. Simple analogy: function and site formation
processes, Schiffer, pyramid construction
2. Culture processual analogy: mid-range theory
(binford); linking present behavior to past
things
3. Cognitive analogies: symbolic and cognitive
aspects of material culture and the role of
ideology as an active force in societies
4. Cautionary tales: not all things have past or
present analogs