Town Marlborough
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Place (neighborhood or village)
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city center
Follow Massachusetts Historical Commission Survey Manual instructions for completing this form
AREA FORM
The early development between 1855 and 1870 of the wide ca. 35-acre area north of Main Street
between Bolton and Mechanic Streets succeeded in finally linking the old East and West Villages
into one large, mainly residential town-center area. Nearly half the area's 200 historic resources
date to those fifteen years, with most of the rest filling in empty spaces between the earlier houses
from 1875 to 1905. The result for the neighborhood is one of the highest concentrations in
Marlborough of houses in the vernacular Italianate style. The early phase of the Italianate, which (
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was developing here by the late 1850's, tended to take precedence over both the late Greek Revival
and the Second Empire in middle-income neighborhoods such as this, and its sheer numbers here,
especially on the streets of the Rice Farm subdivision, give the area a cohesiveness that is lacking
in other parts of the center.
One altered, formerly high-style early It alianate building, the CA. Warren House at 58 Washington
Street (MHC #488), has the shallow-pitched roof of the Tuscan Italianate, and probably dates to
the late 1850's. A completely different house-type of about the same date, the little 2-story gable-
ended Mulligan House at 92 Washington (MHC #482), has paneled corner pilasters and several
round-headed windows; those in a polygonal facade bay are nearly Palladian in proportions. (Cont.)
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The early development of the center of Marlborough from the seventeenth through early nineteenth
centuries is marked by the presence of two separate villages, located less than a half-mile apart. The
earliest village, the westernmost, grew up along today's West Main and Mechanic Streets, adjacent
to the original meetinghouse, which stood just southwest of Area H on the old Town Common
(MHC #906). By the 1820's it had expanded to the northwest, near the West Meetinghouse, and
by 1870 had grown into the large, 50-acre area known as the "West Village", (See Area Form C.)
The cluster of buildings that came to be known as the "East Village" was centered at the foot of
Spring Hill, and spread north from the intersection of Main and Bolton Streets after the new town
meetinghouse was located on the hill in 1806. (See Form 194). Each village had its own
schoolhouse in a triangle at Main Street. (The location for the one in the east village was moved
by 1830 to a position further up Bolton Street, on the west side, near the present Washington
[Freeman] School). In spite of the continued growth of each village, and even the construction
of an 1840 Town Hall (demolished) midway between them on Main Street, however, there was
virtually no building construction north of Main Street in the area between the East and West
Villages before the late 1850's. (Cont.)
[X] Recommended as a Nat.ional Register District". If checked, you must attach a completed
National Register Criteria Statement form. *Pa11of area only-see Criteria Statement.
INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Community Property
NOTE: Although the inventory includes the entire area outlined on the Area Sketch Map, only
resources which have individual forms, or are mentioned in text of the Area Form, have been given
inventory numbers and are listed on the Area Data Sheet. As a rule, these represent the most
historically or architecturally significant resources in the area. There are many more historic
properties located within the area, however. (See Area Sketch Map for their locations.) Starred
properties (*) have individual or smaller area or streetscape inventory forms).
*185 69-367 Central Street Sts. Anargyroi Church 1925 Eastern Rev.
496 70-23 20 Devens Street W.S. Frost House ca. 1880 Italian ate
497 70-43 34/36 Devens St. Boyd & O'Neil rental hse. ca. 1890 double-house
*119 69-343 293 Lincoln Street Wood-Willard Bldg. ca. 1890's Utilitarian
*187 69-343 293 Lincoln Street Hall, Sandiford & Watson ca. 1870 Utilitarian
Machine Shop
*186 69-342 301 Lincoln Street E.C. Whitney House ca. 1863 2nd Empire
*188 69-340 307 Lincoln Street Fitchburg RR Freight Hse. ca. 1895 Utilitarian
*109 70-76 20 McEnelly Street George Brigham House 1860's 2nd Empire
*98 69-483 Prospect Street Immac. Conception Church 1868-71 Gothic Rev.
*183 69-492 23 Prospect Street J as. Me Donald Hse. ca. 1896 Queen Anne
*184 69-494 27 Prospect Street Jas. Campbell Hse ca. 1870's Queen Anne
*191 69-467 11 Washington Ct. Immac. Conception Convent ca. 1910 Col. Revival
*190 69-475 17 Washington Ct. Immac. Conception Rectory 1890's Queen Anne
*189 69-476 25 Washington Ct. Immac. Conception School 1910 Col. Revival
*86 70-18 15 Washington St. Washington St. (Freeman) 1916 Col. Revival
School
488 70-12 58 Washington St. C.A. Warren House ca. 1857 Italianate
Vernacular Queen Anne houses of the 1880's and '90's are abundant in the Middle Village. Most
are of the 2 1I2-story, side-hall-entry gable-end form, and, like #29 McEnelly Street (MHC #485)
or 19 Devens Street (MHC #495) display their Queen Anne details in such features as solid, incised
verge-boarding, spandrel-bracketed overhanging bays, or, as at 49 Central Street (MHC #462), in
a clipped, or "jerkin-head" gable. Others incorporate more high-style Queen Anne features. In the
later, 1880-'90's section of Lincoln Street, for instance, is a house with a tall, conical-roofed comer
turret at #197, and another next door with a comer porch turret at #201 (MHC #s 471 and 470).
A two-story, gable-end cottage at 12 Devens Street (MHC #492), with an elaborate Queen Anne
"stick-work" porch gable and a pierced keyhole design in the frieze screen, is of the same design as
several others scattered throughout Marlborough center, including four built in the 1880's in the
West Village at 18-30 Franklin Street. Two very well-preserved Queen Anne houses stand on lower
Prospect Street, the James Campbell House at #23 and the James McDonald House at #27 (see
Forms 183 and 184); the Campbell House is a rare example in Marlborough of Eastl akian and Stick
Style elements, as well. The Immaculate Conception Rectory at 17 Washington Court is also a high-
style Queen Anne house. Built in the mid-1890's, with 9-over-2-sash windows, vertical-board wall
decoration and patterned shingle, it once had large Moorish arches in its veranda (see Form 190).
Very few early modern houses were built in this area after the tum of the twentieth century. Most
of those that were are considerably altered. The three-story Immaculate Conception Convent at 11
Washington Court (Form 191) is an unusual Colonial Revival building, largely devoid of detail
except for its open-pedimented entry canopy on a pair of Tuscan columns. Two altered bungalows
appear at #s 37 and 39 Central Street (MHC #s 465 and 464); the former has an end-gabled
facade, the latter is side-gabled. There are a few small American Four-Squares, including 42 Devens
Street (MHC #499), and a mid-1920's Dutch Colonial Revival house at 25 Huntington Avenue
(MHC #480).
Of the non-residential resources in the Middle Village, the brick gothic Immaculate Conception
Church of 1868-1871, designed by James Murphy, (updated in this century) is probably the oldest.
(Form 98). The ]ate-19th-century industrial complex at 293-307 Lincoln Street (see Form 119),
which includes the 1890's utilitarian Wood-Willard Building and the Fitchburg Railroad freight
house, the only survivng railroad-related building in Marlborough, is altered, but still contributes
significantly to the character of Lincoln Street. Four buildings of the 1910's and '20's also have now
become important historic and architectural resources in their own right: the two brick Colonial
Revival schools along Washington Street, the 1910 Immaculate Conception School (Form 189) and
the 1916 Washington Street (Freeman) School (Form 86), the little 1925 wood-frame, eastern revival
Sts. Anargyroi Church (Form 185), and a textured-concrete-block auto repair garage (MHC #461)
at the east end of Central Street.
INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Community Property
Henry Rice was the son of Noah Rice and his second wife, the former Hannah Palfrey Cole of
Boston. It was Noah Rice (b. 1751), who apparently amassed the large farm here, and when he
died he left it to his children. Henry's sister, Sarah, and her husband, Heman Seaver, resided here
for many years, and are shown as the farm's owners on the maps of 1830 and 1835. After Heman
Seaver's death, Maj. Rice became the owner. At first, he came frequently from Boston to
Marlborough to oversee the operation of the farm, which in the middle of the nineteenth century
descended in graceful terraces down toward the family homestead, a huge old three-part house on
a curving drive overlooking Main Street.
In 1855, however, the Marlborough Branch Railroad had reached the town center, with its terminus
just east of Prospect Street, the shoe industry was expanding rapidly to the east, south, and west of
the farm, and Major Rice, anticipating the need for housing at Marlborough center, laid out 82
house-lots on the north part of his property. Washington Street was the first street to be cut
through. Rice Street, Lincoln Street (this eastern section first named Palfrey Street, apparently after
Maj. Rice's mother) from Bolton to today's Short Street, (which was part of Palfrey) and the first
block of Huntington Avenue followed soon afterward. Many of the lots were acquired by shoe-
manufacturer Samuel Boyd well before Major Rice died. In 1868, however, the rest of the Rice
real-estate holdings were sold off. According to Bigelow, Samuel Boyd acquired the Rice
homestead itself at about that time. He and his partners used the building for some years as a
company boarding house. By 1879 it had become a hotel, run by Mrs. P. West, and was eventually
tom down.
Samuel Boyd, possibly in conjunction with his main business partner, Thomas Corey, apparently next
developed Devens Street, laying out a small subdivision of ten lots on the north side, with an
eleventh piece south of the Congregational Parsonage on Bolton Street. By 1871, 73 houses stood
on the streets of the former Rice farm, the adjacent Grant Court, McEnelly Street (first called Hill
Street), and Washington Court, which was first called Court Street.
By 1870, in fact, the old East and West Villages had truly become linked by development into one
continuous town center. The western section of Area H, between the Rice Farm and Mechanic
Street, had also been devoid of buildings through the middle of the nineteenth century, but by 1870
had acquired over two dozen houses and industrial buildings. By 1871 Central Street had been laid
out from Mechanic to Prospect Street north of the Old Common Cemetery, and five houses had
been built there. Lincoln Street had been extended east from Mechanic to the railroad by the early
1860's, with a narrow extension to Prospect. Stylish houses, including the large home property of
National Bank cashier E.C. Whitney (MHC #186), stood on the north side of the street, and by
1871 six smaller houses lined the south side of the block. On the north side of Lincoln along the
railroad were a lumber yard and planing mill, C.L. Fay's coal company, a machine shop, and Levi
Taylor's carriage- and blacksmith shop. (Cont.)
INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Community Property
In 1862, the Catholic church purchased land opposite the common at the foot of Prospect Street for
the Immaculate Conception Church. (Form 98.) Completed in 1871, its location, just north of Main
Street at the southwest corner of the former Rice Farm, was a fitting one. The church, the first
Catholic church in Marlborough, had been founded on Mt. Pleasant Hill in the 1850's by a group
of Irish immigrants, and it and its parish quickly became strongly identified with Marlborough's large
Irish-American population. Nearly all the owners of the new houses on the lots of the Rice Farm
subdivision, as well as many on the blocks west of Prospect Street, were also Irish-born, and the
"Middle Village", together with the early streets of Spring Hill just to the east (Area Form I),
remained for generations the most solidly Irish-American neighborhood in Marlborough.
The identification of the neighborhood with the Immaculate Conception Church was strengthened
over the years by the church's purchase and development of considerable property at the lower end
of Washington Street. At the time the church was built, with the exception of the Mulligan House
at 92 Washington Street, the entire block between Washington and Grant Courts was occupied by
the first rectory and its grounds. In the 1890's a second rectory, at 17 Washington Court, replaced
the first, and in 1910 the Immaculate Conception School was built on the north part of the block,
with a teachers' Convent south of the rectory, at 11 Washington Court. (See Forms 190, 189, and
191.) Finally, in the 1950's, after the railroad tracks and associated buildings had been removed, the
church acquired the original Fitchburg Depot property, and built a second large school there on the
north side of Washington Street.
The residential development of the "Middle Village" was essentially complete by 1890, with only a
few more houses added on vacant lots through the turn of the twentieth century. The industrial
climate changed, however, with the building of a new major factory building, the Wood-Willard
Building, at 293 Lincoln Street in the early 1890's. At about the same time, the Fitchburg Railroad
built a railroad spur leading southwest from the old Marlborough Branch tracks to a new depot at
the corner of Lincoln and Mechanic Streets, (demolished). In the process, they removed all the
nearby houses on the north side of Lincoln except for the Whitney House, and built the building at
#305-307 Lincoln for a freight house (See Form 119).
In 1916, the city of Marlborough replaced the third district school in the area, the 1865 wood-frame
Washington Street School, with the new Washington Street School, on part of the old school
property at the east end of Washington Street. Another institutional change occurred in 1925, when
the recently formed Greek Orthodox Community of Sts. Anargyroi built its church at the
intersection of Central and Cashman Streets.
The buildings discussed above and listed on the Area Data Sheet represent some of the most
historically or architecturally significant resources in the area. There are many more significant
properties in the area, however. See Area Sketch Map for their locations.
FORM B - BUILDING In Area no. Form no.
109
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l" Marlborough
adress 20 McEnelly Street
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.' me Brigham & Eager Residence
Private residence
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esent owner Louis Masciarelli
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, scription:
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te c , 1889
Current owner
Renaissance Revival
4. Map, Draw sketch of building location Architect
in relation to nearest cross streets and
other buildings. Indicate north. Exterior wall fabric Clapboard
Outbuildings (describe)
---------
Other features Mansard roof with
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Altered --------- Date "-----
Moved Date
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..£. I I 5. Lot size:
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Approxi mate frontage __ 4.•...0",--' _
Approximate distance of building from street
10'
Date
(over)
3~7-77
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7. Originalowner (ifknown)
Originaluse pr i ....
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Other late-nineteenth-century house-types and styles are represented in smaller numbers in this
area. There are only three Second Empire buildings, all considerably altered. Two are mansard
cottages, the George Brigham House at 20 McEnelly Street (see Form 109) and the E.C. Whitney
House at 301 Lincoln (MHC #186), and one, the J. Gleason House at 66 Prospect Street (MHC
#468), is a three-story house with a concave-flared, scalloped slate roof. In contrast to other nearby
neighborhoods, only a few large 2 112-story,five-bay. side-gabled houses were built here. The best-
preserved early example is the ca. 1880 house at 220 Lincoln Street (MHC #469), which has a pair
of ridge chimneys and a gabled, second-story facade pavilion which projects over what appears to
be its original facade porch, on square, chamfered and bracketed posts. Another is one of several
properties belonging to Mrs. Margaret Albee, 44 Central Street (MHC #463). This one is a double-
house, with paired glass-and-panel entries and a later facade-width porch on bracketed, lathe-turned
posts. This neighborhood also has some of the best illustrations at Marlborough center of the long
2 112-story, side-gabled. multi-unit house. Although today most of these are two-family buildings,
they may have functioned as boarding houses or triple-houses when built. Two eight-bay examples
are located on Devens Street, one built ca. 1890 at 54/56 Devens (MHC #502), and the other,
owned in the 1880's by J.Boyd & O'Neil (probably one of the boarding-houses for one of the Boyd
shoe factories), at 34/36 Devens (MHC #497). (Cont.)
INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET
Community
Property
Massachusetts Historical Commission Marlborough
80 Boylston Street Middle Village
Boston, Massacbusetts 02116
Area(s) Form Nos.
H 86, 98, 109, 119; 183-191,
461-503; Q, R.
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