Clock Spring Brochure

C
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CC
LO
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Composite
Repair
System
L
O
C
K
S
P
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G
Composite
Repair
System
Composite
System
for RiserRepair
Applications
Composite
Repair
System
Riser
Applications
forfor
Riser
Applications
for
Riser
Applications
The Fast,
Economical
Solution
for Pipeline
Repair
The Fast,
Economical
Solution
for Pipeline
Repair
The Fast, Economical Solution for Pipeline Repair
No heavy or specialized installation / lifting equipment required

Clock
Spring
skilled
labour
required
No
heavy
or specialized
installation
/ lifting
equipment
required
NoNo
heavy
or specialized
installation
/ lifting
equipment
required
hot
work
&
welding
No
heavy
orlabour
specialized
installation / lifting equipment required
No
skilled
required
NoNo
skilled
labour
required
production
loss
Pipe
and
Pipeline Repairs
No
skilled
required
No
hot work
&
welding
NoNo
hot
work
&labour
welding
be
as quick as 30 minutes
No
workcan
& welding
Nohot
production
loss
NoInstallation
production
loss
Complete
cure
within
two
hours
No
production
loss
Installation
can
as
quick
30 minutes
Installation
can
be
asbequick
as
30asminutes
Future
corrosion
growth
is
completely
prevented
Installation can be as quick as 30 minutes
C
C
SPRING
CLOCK
CLOCK SPRING
Contents
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
page 3 03
Introduction
Burst Test
page 11
Introduction
page 3
Burst TestProcedure

Installation
page 1411
Burst Test
page 11
Edge
Effect Procedure
page 1914
Installation
Installation Procedure
page 14
Weld Repair
page 22
EdgeEffect
Effect
Edge
page 1919
Dent Repair
page 26
Weld
page 22
WeldRepair
Repair
Bend
Repair
page 3222
Dent Repair
page 26
Marker
Method
page 3526
DentRepair
Repair

Bend
page 32
Field Inspection
page 38
Marker
Method
page 3532
BendRepair
Repair
Riser
page 43
Field Inspection
page 38
Snap
Wrap
page 4735
Marker
Method
Riser
Repair
page 43
Pipe Support
page 52
Snap
Wrap
page 4738
FieldStop
Inspection
Leak
page 56
Pipe Support
page 52
Water
Activated
page 6643
Riser
Repair

Leak Stop
page 56
Wet Wrap vs. Clock Spring Composite Repair
page 73
Water
Activated
page
66
Snap
Wrap

Pressure Reduction
page 7747
Wet Wrap vs. Clock Spring Composite Repair
page 73
NACE
#3
page 78
Pipe Support

Pressure
Reduction
page 7752
Condensing Pipe
page 79
NACE
#3
page 7856
Leak Stop
Unique Repairs
page 80
Condensing Pipe
page 79
Approvals
page 8460
Composite Repair System for Riser Applications
Unique Repairs
page 80
Reference List
page 99
Snap Wrap Offshore Extended Version/Structural Repair
Approvals
page 8461
Certification
page 103
Reference
List
page
9962
Contour &Asked
Swap Questions
Wrap Combination Offshore Riser Repair
Frequently
page 105
Certification
page 103
Disposal
page 112
Clock Spring
Offshore
Riser
63
Frequently
Asked
Questions
page 105
Disposal
page 112
Simply the smartest pipeline repair decision you can make!

Simply
the
smartest
pipeline
repair decision
you can
make!
Clock
Spring
Company
L.P.
14107 Interdrive
West Houston,
Texas,
77032
Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528
Clock
Spring
L.P. 14107
Interdrive
West Cambs,
Houston,
Texas,
Clock
Spring
UKCompany
2 Woodlands,
Warboys,
Huntingdon,
PE17
2UR,77032
England
Telephone
281.590.8491
800.471.0060
Fax
281.590.9528
Telephone 011 44 1487 824 449 Fax 011 44 1487 824 451
Clock Spring UK 2 Woodlands,
Warboys, Huntingdon, Cambs, PE17 2UR, England
www.clockspring.com
Telephone 011 44 1487 824 449 Fax 011 44 1487 824 451
Wescott Coatings & Training Services LTD
www.clockspring.com
Unit 9B, Tyne Point Industrial Estate
Jarrow, Tyne and Wear, NE32 3UP
T | 0191 497 5550
E | deb@wescottcoatings.com
W | www.wescottcoatings.com
2
2
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
There are over 400,000 miles of high-pressure gas gathering and transmission
There
areand
over800,000
400,000miles
milesofoflocal
high-pressure
gathering
and transmission
pipelines
distributiongas
lines
in the U.S.,
many of
pipelines
and
800,000
miles
of
local
distribution
lines
in
the
U.S.,
many of
which were installed in the 1950-1980 period. Monitoring and preventive
which
were installed
in the
1950-1980
period.safe
Monitoring
andenergy
preventive
maintenance
of this vast
network
to provide
and reliable
services
maintenance
of this vastpart
network
provide safe
reliable energy
comprises a significant
of thetooperating
and and
maintenance
costs ofservices
the
comprises
a
significant
part
of
the
operating
and
maintenance
costs
of
the
pipeline industry.
pipeline industry.
Clock Spring Background

In 1987, The Gas Research Institute formed a team to evaluate alternative
In
1987,
The Gas Research
Institute
formed
team toand
evaluate
alternative
repair
techniques
to complement
cutout
and areplace
steel sleeves.
This
repair
techniques
to
complement
cutout
and
replace
and
steel
sleeves.
This
team consisted of the following members:
team consisted of the following members:
Gas Research Institute

Gas Research Institute
Battelle
BattelleEngineering
Stress
Stress Engineering
Southwest
Research Institute
Southwest
Research Institute
NCF Industries
NCF Industries
ITW Plexus
ITW
NorthPlexus
Western University
North
University
KiefnerWestern
and Associates
Kiefner
and Associates
Clock Spring
Company
Clock Spring Company
The teams mandate was to determine the feasibility of using composites as a

The
teams
mandate
to determine
the feasibility
of usingresearch
composites
repair
alternative
forwas
high-pressure
pipelines.
This 10-year
andas a
repair
for high-pressure
pipelines.
This 10-year
research and
DESIGN
CRITERIA:
testing alternative
program consisted
of the following
testing program consisted of the following DESIGN CRITERIA:
Non-intrusive
Non-intrusive
Applicable
to in-service pipelines
Applicable
to in-service
Permanent
repairpipelines
Permanent
repair
Cost effective
Costby
effective
Fully predictable and verifiable
modeling and definitive equations
Fully predictable
and
verifiable
by
modeling
and definitive equations
Eliminate all installation
variables
Eliminate
installation
variables
Effective
in allall
locations
and environments
Effective
in all
and environments
Effective
for locations
all pipe grades
and sizes
Effective
for
all
pipe
grades
and sizes
Meet or exceed current code requirements
Meet or exceed
current
code
requirements
Eliminate
field design
and
field
engineering
Eliminate
field
design
and
field
Conservatively restore the pipe to its engineering
original strength
Conservatively
restoreand
thesubjected
pipe to itstooriginal
strength
Rigorously tested
peer review
Rigorously tested and subjected to peer review
3
3
3
Major Benefits of
Clock
Spring
Major
Benefits
of Clock Spring
No shielding of Cathodic Protection systems
Better for the pipeline as all hoop stress is removed from the defect area
Completely environmentally friendly and benign, when installed
Scientifically proven as a 50 year permanent repair
No heavy or specialized installation equipment needed
No skilled labor required
No hot work & welding required
No pipeline operation interruption
Installation in 15 minutes
Complete cure within 2 hours, dig area can then be backfilled
Future corrosion growth completely prevented
Used in all environmentsArtic, Desert, Offshore, Above Ground,

Underground, Subsea
Future intelligent pig surveys can see beneath the installed repair
Experience with total success in over 65,000 installations in 63 countries

worldwide
The result of this exhaustive development effort is the
Clock Spring repair system.
Clock Spring Company L.P. 14107 Interdrive West Houston, Texas, 77032
Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528
Clock Spring UK 2 Woodlands, Warboys, Huntingdon, Cambs, PE17 2UR, England
Telephone 011 44 1487 824 449 Fax 011 44 1487 824 451
www.clockspring.com
Wescott Coatings
& Training Services LTD
T | 0191 497 5550
Each Accessory Kit Contains the Following:

2 - Alignment Block
2 - 3 Putty Knife
1 - Breakaway Blade Knife
1 - Jiffy Mixer
1 - Squiggle Adhesive Scrapper
1 - 1 Filament Tape
1 - Plastic Trash Bag
1 - Starter Pad
1 - Adhesive Stir Stick
1 - Roller Handle
1 - Roller Sleeve
1 - Adhesive Tray
1 - Dual Lock Tight Pad (Velcro)
2 - 2 Paint Brush
1 - Installation Guide
5
5
Clock Spring Features
Clock Spring Features
Highly effective, ingeniously simple the Clock Spring pipeline reinforcement

system redefines the economics of pipeline repair.
Installing Clock Spring is simple. Each kit contains everything needed to make
permanent pipeline repairs. No machinery or highly skilled personnel are required. A
two-man crew can be trained in just a few hours to install the Clock Spring system.
It's safer. Because Clock Spring is a composite, using an extremely durable,
proprietary adhesive to bond to the pipe's surface, no welding or hot work is
required. As a result, the dangers of burn-through, metal embrittlement, and
cracking in the weld zone are completely eliminated. In nearly all cases, installation
can be completed while the line is in operation. Plus, since there's no need to cut
out or remove pipe, there are no environmental risks or waste disposal problems.
Its economical. Clock Spring is much less expensive to install and fits more
closely to the carrier pipe than conventional steel sleeves. Compared to cutouts or
actual pipe replacement, Clock Spring is usually substantially cheaper. Because it
installs so quickly, time, equipment and labor costs are vastly reduced, and
throughput is never interrupted.
1. A patented, high-strength,
unidirectional composite structure.
2. A patented, fast-curing, high
performance two-part adhesive
system.
3. An extremely high compressive
strength, proprietary load transferring
component. Once installed, the three
elements bond together to form an
extraordinarily strong, durable repair.
The Clock Spring System
It's faster. Installing Clock Spring involves a quick, three-step process: treating and
filling the damaged or corroded section, wrapping the Clock Spring sleeve, and
applying a traditional coating (tape, heat-shrink or painted). Typical repairs take less
than 25 minutes to actually install. The innovative adhesive cures amazingly fast. In
less than two hours, start to finish, the repair is complete, leaving the repaired area
even stronger than when the pipe was new.
It's proven. Literally thousands of hours of research have gone into the Clock Spring
system. It has been exhaustively tested and proven reliable and extremely durable by
an array of respected independent research organizations under the management of
the Gas Research Institute.
APPROVED 50 YEAR PERMANENT REPAIR FOR USE ON

UP TO 80% METAL LOSS DEFECTS.
ONCE
SPRINGISIS
ONCECURED,
CURED, CLOCK
CLOCK SPRING
SUTIABLE
ALLENVIRONMENTS
ENVIRONMENTS
SUTIABLEFOR
FOR USE
USE IN
IN ALL
ON
PIPELINES
ON4
456
56 DIAMETER
DIAMETER PIPELINES
8
8
56 High Pressure Gas Pipeline Repairs

56 HIGH PRESSURE GAS PIPELINE REPAIRS
Clock Spring Repair vs. Conventional Repairs
CLOCK SPRING REPAIR VS. CONVENTIONAL REPAIRS
Activity
Production Loss
Labor force
required
Labor skill level
Welding
Fillet welds
Radiography
Annular corrosion
Heavy Equipment
Timescale
Price
Clock spring
Cut out &

Replace
Welded steel
sleeve
Major
Large
Minor
Large
None
Small
High
Substantial
Yes
Yes
None
Major
Major
High
High
Substantial
Yes
Yes
Yes
Major
Major
High
Semi
None
None
None
None
None
Minor
Competitive
10
10
Burst Test on
Unrepaired
Spool
BURST
TEST ON UNREPAIRED
SPOOL
BURST
TEST ON SPOOL
UNREPAIRED SPOOL
BURST TEST ON
UNREPAIRED
Defect Length = 7.87in, Defect Width = 2.95in, Depth = 80% Wall Loss
Defect Burst at 70 Bar

11
11
11
11
Burst Test
withTEST
Clock
Spring
Repair
BURST
WITH
CLOCK
SPRING REPAIR
BURST TEST WITH CLOCK SPRING REPAIR
BURST TEST WITH CLOCK SPRING REPAIR
Clock Spring Repair Made on Same Size Defect

Pipe Burst at 200 Bar! Clock Spring repair remains unaltered!

12
12
12
12
Burst Test Cross-Section
BURST TEST CROSS-SECTION

BURST
BURST TEST
TEST CROSS-SECTION
CROSS-SECTION
BURST TEST CROSS-SECTION
Cross-section Photo:
Cross-section
Photo:
Detail:
Detail:
Detail:
Detail:
Under the Clock Spring, the pipe kept its original

Under
Clock
pipe
its
circular
shape
as Spring,
the Clockthe
Spring
shares
the stress of
Under the
the
Clock
Spring,
the
pipe kept
kept
its original
original
circular
shape
as
the
Spring
shares
the
the
pipethe
wall.
circular
shape
as Spring,
the Clock
Clockthe
Spring
shares
the stress
stress of
of
Under
Clock
pipe kept
its original
the
pipe
wall.
the pipe shape
wall. as the Clock Spring shares the stress of
circular
the pipe wall.
There is NO deformation of the defect, because the stress is

There
is NOtransferred
deformation
defect,
because the stress is
completely
to of
thethe
Clock
Spring.
There
is NOtransferred
deformation
of
the
defect,
completely
to
the
Clock
Spring.
There
is
NO
deformation
of
the
defect,
completely transferred to the Clock Spring.
completely transferred to the Clock Spring.
13
13
13
13
13
Installation Procedure
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
CLOCK SPRING IS
SUPPLIED IN A COMPLETE
KIT FORM FOR EACH PIPE
DIAMETER SIZE AND
INCLUDES: THE COIL,
FILLER, ADHESIVE AND
ALL APPLICATION ITEMS.
PHOTORAPHS SHOW MIXING AND PREPARING THE TWO

COMPONENT FILLER AND ADHESIVE.
14
14
DEFECT
AREA IS
CLEANED AND
SIZED. IF
POSSIBLE, AREA
DEFECT
DEFECT AREA
AREA IS
IS CLEANED
CLEANED AND
AND SIZED.
SIZED. IF
IF POSSIBLE,
POSSIBLE, AREA
AREA
SHOULD
BE
SAND
BLASTED
TO
A
NACE
3
FINISH.
IF
THIS
IS
DEFECT
AREA
IS
CLEANED
AND
SIZED.
IF
POSSIBLE,
AREA
SHOULD
BE
SAND
BLASTED
TO
A
NACE
3
FINISH.
IF
THIS
SHOULD BE SAND BLASTED TO A NACE 3 FINISH. IF THIS IS
IS
NOT
POSSIBLE,
AREA
SHOULD
BE
GROUND
CLEAN
TO
SHOULD
BE SAND BLASTED
TO A NACE
3 FINISH.
IF THIS
IS
NOT
POSSIBLE,
AREA
SHOULD
BE
GROUND
CLEAN
TO
NOT POSSIBLE, AREA SHOULD BE GROUND CLEAN TO
REMOVE
LOOSE
NOT POSSIBLE,
AREA ALL
SHOULD
BE DEBRIS.
GROUND CLEAN TO
REMOVE
REMOVE ALL
ALL LOOSE
LOOSE DEBRIS.
DEBRIS.
REMOVE ALL LOOSE DEBRIS.
THERE IS
IS NO NEED
NEED TO DECREASE
DECREASE THE PIPELINE
PIPELINE OPERATING
THERE
THERE IS NO
NO NEED TO
TO DECREASE THE
THE PIPELINE OPERATING
OPERATING
PRESSURE
FORTO
DEFECTS
BELOW
50%
METAL
LOSS.
THERE
IS NO NEED
DECREASE
THE50%
PIPELINE
OPERATING
PRESSURE
FOR
DEFECTS
BELOW
METAL
PRESSURE FOR DEFECTS BELOW 50% METAL LOSS.
LOSS.
PRESSURE FOR DEFECTS BELOW 50% METAL LOSS.
THE DOUBLE
DOUBLE SIDED ADHESIVE
ADHESIVE STARTER PAD
PAD IS APPLIED
APPLIED TO
THE
THE DOUBLE SIDED
SIDED ADHESIVE STARTER
STARTER PAD IS
IS APPLIED TO
TO
THE PIPE
PIPE SURFACE.
SURFACE.
THE DOUBLE SIDED ADHESIVE
STARTER PAD IS APPLIED TO
THE
THE PIPE SURFACE.
THE PIPE SURFACE.
FILLER
IS APPLIED
TO THE
DEFECT AREA,
AS WELL
AS ALL
FILLER
FILLER IS
IS APPLIED
APPLIED TO
TO THE
THE DEFECT
DEFECT AREA,
AREA, AS
AS WELL
WELL AS
AS ALL
ALL
RAISED
AREAS
SUCH
AS
SEAM
OR
SPIRAL
WELD.
FILLER
IS
APPLIED
TO
THE
DEFECT
AREA,
AS
WELL
AS ALL
RAISED
AREAS
SUCH
AS
SEAM
OR
SPIRAL
WELD.
RAISED AREAS SUCH AS SEAM OR SPIRAL WELD.
RAISED AREAS SUCH AS SEAM OR SPIRAL WELD.
15
15
15
15
15
LEADING EDGE OF THE COIL IS PLACED ON THE STARTER

LEADING
OFTHEN
THE COIL
IS PLACED
THE
STARTER
PAD.
THE EDGE
COIL IS
WOUND
AROUNDON
THE
PIPE
WHILE
LEADING
EDGE
OF
THE
COIL
IS
PLACED
ON
THE
STARTER
LEADING
EDGE
OFTHEN
THE COIL
IS PLACED
ON
THE
STARTER
PAD.
THEADHESIVE
COIL IS
WOUND
AROUND
THE
PIPE
WHILE
IS APPLIED
TO
EACHON
LAYER.
PAD.
THE
COIL
IS
THEN
WOUND
AROUND
THE
PIPE
LEADING
EDGE
OF
THE
COIL
IS
PLACED
THE
STARTER
PAD. THEADHESIVE
COIL IS THEN
WOUNDTO
AROUND
THE PIPE WHILE
WHILE
IS APPLIED
EACH LAYER.
IS
APPLIED
TO
EACH
LAYER.
PAD. THEADHESIVE
COIL
IS
THEN
WOUND
AROUND
THE
PIPE
ADHESIVE IS APPLIED TO EACH LAYER. WHILE
ADHESIVE IS APPLIED TO EACH LAYER.
AS STANDARD, EACH COIL IS A COMPLETE EIGHT

AS STANDARD,
EACHAROUND
COIL IS ATHE
COMPLETE
EIGHT
(8) WRAPS
PIPE.
AS
STANDARD,
EACH
COIL
IS
A
COMPLETE
EIGHT
AS STANDARD,
EACHAROUND
COIL IS ATHE
COMPLETE
EIGHT
(8) WRAPS
PIPE.
(8)
WRAPS
AROUND
THE
PIPE.
AS STANDARD,
EACH
COIL
IS
A
COMPLETE
EIGHT
(8) WRAPS AROUND THE PIPE.
INSTALLATION CAN
BE
COMPLETED
WITHIN
15
MINUTES
(8) WRAPS
AROUND THE
PIPE. 15 25
INSTALLATION
CAN
BE
COMPLETED
WITHIN
25
MINUTES
DEPENDING
ON THE PIPEWITHIN
DIAMETER.
INSTALLATION
CAN
BE
COMPLETED
15
25
INSTALLATION
CAN BE COMPLETED
15 25 MINUTES
MINUTES
DEPENDING
ON THE PIPEWITHIN
DIAMETER.
DEPENDING
ON
THE
PIPE
DIAMETER.
INSTALLATION
CAN
BE
COMPLETED
WITHIN
15
25
DEPENDING ON THE PIPE DIAMETER. MINUTES
DEPENDING ON THE PIPE DIAMETER.
EACH COIL HAS A MEMORY MATRIX, WHICH ONCE THE

EACH
HAS A MEMORY
MATRIX,
WHICH
ONCE
THE
COILCOIL
IS INSTALLED,
TIGHTENS
THE COIL
TO THE
PIPE
EACH
COIL
HAS
A
MEMORY
MATRIX,
WHICH
ONCE
THE
EACH
HAS A MEMORY
MATRIX,
WHICH
ONCE
THE
COILCOIL
IS INSTALLED,
TIGHTENS
THE COIL
TO
THE
PIPE
DIAMETER.
ADDITIONAL
TIGHTENING
OF
THE
COIL
IS
COIL
IS
INSTALLED,
TIGHTENS
THE
COIL
TO
THE
PIPE
EACH
COIL
HAS
A
MEMORY
MATRIX,
WHICH
ONCE
THE
COIL IS INSTALLED,
TIGHTENS
THE COIL
TO
THE
PIPE
DIAMETER.
ADDITIONAL
TIGHTENING
OF
THE
COIL
IS IS
ACHIEVED
USING
THE CINCH
BAR WHILE
FILAMENT
TAPE
DIAMETER.
ADDITIONAL
TIGHTENING
OF
THE
COIL
IS
COIL
IS
INSTALLED,
TIGHTENS
THE
COIL
TO
THE
PIPE
DIAMETER.
ADDITIONAL
TIGHTENING
OF THE COIL
IS IS
ACHIEVED
USING
THETHE
CINCH
BAR
WHILE
FILAMENT
TAPE
APPLIED
TO
HOLD
COIL
IN
PLACE
WHILE
CURING.
ACHIEVED
USING
THE
CINCH
BAR
WHILE
FILAMENT
TAPE
DIAMETER.
ADDITIONAL
TIGHTENING
OF
THE
COIL
IS IS
ACHIEVED
THETHE
CINCH
BAR
TAPE
IS
APPLIEDUSING
TO HOLD
COIL
IN WHILE
PLACE FILAMENT
WHILE CURING.
APPLIED
TO
HOLD
THE
COIL
IN
PLACE
WHILE
CURING.
ACHIEVED
USING
THE
CINCH
BAR
WHILE
FILAMENT
TAPE
APPLIED TO HOLD THE COIL IN PLACE WHILE CURING. IS
COMPLETE
CURE
SHOULD
BE ACHIEVED
TWOCURING.
(2) HOURS.
APPLIED TO
HOLD
THE COIL
IN PLACE IN
WHILE
COMPLETE
CURE
SHOULD
BE
ACHIEVED
IN
TWO
(2) HOURS.
THE COIL
CANSHOULD
THEN BEBE
COATED
ANDIN
BACKFILLED.
COMPLETE
CURE
ACHIEVED
TWO
(2)
COMPLETE
CURE
SHOULD
BE
ACHIEVED
IN
TWO
(2) HOURS.
HOURS.
THE COIL CAN THEN BE COATED AND BACKFILLED.
THE
COIL
CAN
THEN
BE
COATED
AND
BACKFILLED.
COMPLETE
CURE
SHOULD
BE
ACHIEVED
IN
TWO
(2)
HOURS.
16
16
16
16
16
16
FOR
LARGE
PIPE
DIAMETERS,
AND
GREATER,
IT
IS
FOR
LARGE
PIPE
DIAMETERS,
2424
AND
GREATER,
IT IS
FOR
LARGE
PIPE
DIAMETERS,
24
AND
GREATER,
IT IS
FOR
LARGE
PIPE
DIAMETERS,
24
AND
GREATER,
ITIT
IS
FOR
LARGE
PIPE
DIAMETERS,
24
AND
GREATER,
IS
FOR
LARGE
PIPE
DIAMETERS,
24
AND
GREATER,
IT
IS
FOR
LARGE
PIPE
DIAMETERS,
24
AND
GREATER,
IT
IS
RECOMMENDED
A
SPOOL
FEEDER
IS
USED.
RECOMMENDED
A
SPOOL
FEEDER
IS
USED.
RECOMMENDED
A SPOOL
FEEDER
IS USED.
RECOMMENDED
A
SPOOL
FEEDER
IS
USED.
RECOMMENDED
SPOOL
FEEDER
USED.
RECOMMENDED
A SPOOL
FEEDER
IS USED.
RECOMMENDED
AA
SPOOL
FEEDER
ISIS
USED.
THIS
IS
ATTACHED
THE
PIPE
AND
SUPPORTS
THE
IS ATTACHED
TO
THE
PIPE
AND
SUPPORTS
THE
THIS
ISTHIS
ATTACHED
TO TO
THE
PIPE
AND
SUPPORTS
THE
THIS
ISIS
ATTACHED
TO
THE
PIPE
AND
SUPPORTS
THE
THIS
ATTACHED
TO
THE
PIPE
AND
SUPPORTS
THE
THIS
IS
ATTACHED
TO
THE
PIPE
AND
SUPPORTS
THE
THIS
IS
ATTACHED
TO
THE
PIPE
AND
SUPPORTS
THE
WEIGHT
THE
COIL.
THE
COIL
IS
THEN
WOUND
AROUND
WEIGHT
OF
THE
COIL.
THE
COIL
IS WOUND
THEN
WOUND
AROUND
WEIGHT
OF OF
THE
COIL.
THE
COIL
IS
THEN
AROUND
WEIGHT
OF
THE
COIL.
THE
COIL
ISIS
THEN
WOUND
AROUND
WEIGHT
OF
THE
COIL.
THE
COIL
THEN
WOUND
AROUND
WEIGHT
OF
THE
COIL.
THE
COIL
IS
THEN
WOUND
AROUND
WEIGHT
OF
THE
COIL.
THE
COIL
IS
THEN
WOUND
AROUND
THE
PIPE
AND
ADHESIVE
IS
EACH
LAYER.
THE
PIPE
AND
ADHESIVE
IS APPLIED
TO
EACH
LAYER.
THE
PIPE
AND
ADHESIVE
IS APPLIED
TO TO
EACH
LAYER.
THE
PIPE
AND
ADHESIVE
IS APPLIED
APPLIED
TO
EACH
LAYER.
THE
PIPE
AND
ADHESIVE
APPLIED
TO
EACH
LAYER.
THE
PIPE
AND
ADHESIVE
IS APPLIED
TO TO
EACH
LAYER.
THE
PIPE
AND
ADHESIVE
ISIS
APPLIED
EACH
LAYER.
17 17
171717
17 17
17
THESE PHOTOS
PHOTOS DEPICT
DEPICT FINSHED
FINSHED INSTALLATIONS
INSTALLATIONS MADE
MADE
THESE
USING THE
THE SPOOL
SPOOL FEEDER
FEEDER SYSTEM.
SYSTEM. THE
THE SPOOL
SPOOL FEEDER
FEEDER
USING
SHOULD ALSO
ALSO BE
BE USED
USED WHEN
WHEN THERE
THERE IS
IS MINIMAL
MINIMAL
SHOULD
CLEARANCE AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE AROUND
AROUND THE
THE PIPE
PIPE OD.
OD.
CLEARANCE
18
18
18
CLOCK SPRING
Application Note
Reinforcement Edge Effect
There are times when a single Clock Spring is not wide enough to complete a
repair. In this case, two or more units are used side-by-side (Figure 1), to cover
the defect area and provide the 2-inch (50 mm) overlap specified for the repair.
These units are spaced as close as possible with a maximum gap of 0.25 inches
(6 mm). This gap is still reinforced because of a phenomenon called 'edge effect'.
Figure 1. Multiple Clock Spring Units

Similarly, defects in bends can be reinforced with Clock Spring but the repair is
complicated by the radius of the elbow or fitting. In this case, the composite must
be installed as narrow bands instead of the nominal 12-inch (305 mm) width to
accommodate the shape of the elbow. This results in continuous reinforcement of
the intrados but a separation of the bands on the extrados as can be seen in
Figure 2a and 2b. The specification for a bend repair requires that this separation
on the extrados not exceed 0.50-inches (13 mm). The width of the composite
bands and the gap at the extrados are controlled by the geometry of the fitting.
Bend repairs should be reviewed by a Clock Spring representative to ensure
adequate design.
Figures 2a, 2b. Reinforcement of Bends

19
19
The reinforcement provided by Clock Spring does not stop instantly at the edge
of the unit but rather decrease linearly over a short distance beyond the Clock
Spring. The rate of decrease of reinforcement with distance is complex and
must be calculated using finite element analysis (FEA) and verified by full scale
testing. This work was done for Clock Spring repairs and is reported in GRI
93/0346 "Clock Spring Reinforcement of Elbow Fittings". The findings in this
report are summarized in Figure 3.
Reinforcement (%)
Reinforcement Reduction
Test data
(absolute)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Test data
normalized
FEA data
(absolute)
0
0.25
0.5
Distance (inches)
0.75
FEA data
normalized
Rule of Thumb
Figure 3.
Reduction in Reinforcement Beyond Edge of Clock Spring
Figure 3 shows both FEA and test data for the reduction in reinforcement past
the edge of the Clock Spring unit. The data is presented as absolute values and
normalized to 100%. The 100% represents the reinforcement of a standard Clock
Spring unit.
The x-axis is distance from sleeve edge. That is, 0.25 inches (6 mm) represents
the middle of a 0.5-inch (13 mm) gap. The 0.5-inch (13 mm) maximum gap
specified for the extrados gap of a bend repair will still be adequately reinforced.
Clock Spring Company has determined that as a "rule of thumb" the rate of
reinforcement decrease can be approximated by 25% per 0.25-inches (4% per
mm). This curve (normalized) is also shown in Figure 3.
When more than one Clock Spring is used to reinforce defects in straight pipe
the gap between the units is specified as 0.25 inches (6 mm). The edge effect
ensures adequate reinforcement in the center of the gap.
Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 281.590.9528
Clock Spring UK 2 Woodlands, Warboys, Huntington, Cambs PE17 2UR, England
Telephone 011 44 1487 824 449 Fax 011 44 1487 824 451

Unitwww.clockspring.com
9B, Tyne Point Industrial Estate
T | 0191 497 5550
Wescott Coatings
& Training Services
20
20
EACH CLOCK SPRING IS 12 WIDE. 2 OF PRISTINE PIPE

EACH
SPRING
12 EDGE
WIDE.OF
2 THE
OF PRISTINE
PIPE
ARE CLOCK
REQUIRED
FROMISTHE
DEFECT TO
ARE REQUIREDTHE
FROM
THE
OF THE DEFECT TO
END
OF EDGE
THE COIL.
THE END OF THE COIL.
FOR LARGE AREAS OF GENERAL CORROSION,

FORCOILS
LARGECAN
AREAS
OF GENERAL
BE APPLIED
SIDE CORROSION,
BY SIDE.
COILS CAN BE APPLIED SIDE BY SIDE.
21
21
21
CLOCK SPRING
Application Note
Weld Repair
Clock Spring composite repair system can be used to reinforce corrosion or
other blunt defects that affect the girth weld zone.
Clock Spring provides hoop reinforcement for pipe damaged by corrosion or
other blunt defects by wrapping tightly around the pipe and sharing the hoop
load. The cap of a girth weld restricts the Clock Spring contact with the pipe.
Defects in the weld zone can be repaired by bridging the weld cap with an
additional Clock Spring unit. Clock Springs are installed on either side of the
weld; the space between the units is filled with high compressive strength filler
and a third unit installed over the filled gap.
Weld Bridge Application Note

Scope:
The following technique will provide structural reinforcement for external
corrosion, or other blunt defects associated with the girth weld zone.
The three steps to the process are:
1. Application of Clock Spring on both sides of the weld.
2. Molding the area between the Clock Spring units (over the weld bead)
with filler material using a single wrap mold.
3. Application of the bridging unit.
22
22
Application Guidelines:
1. Only certified installers may apply Clock Spring.
2. The pipeline operator must inspect the weld zone to ensure that it is free
of cracks.
3. Defect shall not exceed the following
a. 50% pipe wall loss
b. 30% of the pipe circumference
4. The following additional material is required. Filler kits, single-wrap mold,
parting film, tie-down straps, 100-grit sandpaper.
Installation Steps:
1. Install a Clock Spring unit on each side of the girth weld. (See Figure 1)
Optional: Six-inch (150 mm) wide Clock Spring may be used.
2. Remove all extruded material from the area of the girth weld.
3. Allow adhesive to cure and remove the securing filament tape nearest the
girth weld.
4. Apply filler material to the area between the Clock Spring units (over the
weld bead). Install the parting film and the single-wrap Clock Spring mold.
Tighten the mold using the tie-down straps. (See Figure 2)
5. Remove all extruded filler material.
6. Allow the filler to harden (approximately 1-1/2 hours). Cure time will be
affected by temperature.
7. Remove mold, lightly abrade filler and the exterior of the installed Clock
Springs, and wipe abraded area.
8. Apply filler material as required to all voids, center and install the Bridging
Clock Spring unit over the girth weld in accordance with standard Clock
Spring repair procedures. (See Figure 3)

Clock Spring Company L.P. 14107 Interdrive West Houston, Texas 77032
Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528
Telephone 011 44 1487 824 449 Fax 011 44 1487 824 451

www.clockspring.com
T | 0191 497 5550
Wescott Coatings
& Training Services
23
23
Double Girth Weld Repair
DOUBLE GIRTH WELD REPAIR

DOUBLE GIRTH WELD REPAIR
24
24
24
25
25
CLOCK SPRING
CLOCK SPRING
Application Note
Dent Repair
Application Note
Dent Repair
The following
procedure provides the generic approach to reinforcing dented pipe
sections. Reinforcing dented pipe reduces cyclical loading that can lead to time
The following
providesindicates
the genericthat
approach
to reinforcing
dented
pipe
dependent
failure. procedure
Fatigue testing
the Clock
Spring
repair
system
sections. Reinforcing dented pipe reduces cyclical loading that can lead to time
extends
the fatigue life for dressed mechanical defects by an order of magnitude
dependent failure. Fatigue testing indicates that the Clock Spring repair system
over grinding
as fatigue
the sole
(GRI
Report No.
GRI-97-0413
extends the
life repair.
for dressed
mechanical
defects
by an order of"Evaluation
magnitude of a
Composite
System
Repair
Mechanical
in "Evaluation
Gas Transmission
over grinding
as For
the sole
repair.of(GRI
Report No. Damage
GRI-97-0413
of a
System
For Repair
of Mechanical
Damage
Gas Transmission
Lines").Composite
The repair
is limited
to smooth
dents caused
by in
inadvertent
pipe contact
Lines"). The
is limited
smooth
caused
by inadvertent
pipe contact
with machinery
orrepair
objects
in thetoditch
ordents
backfill.
Stress
concentrators
in the dent
with
machinery
or
objects
in
the
ditch
or
backfill.
Stress
concentrators
in
the
dent area
must be removed in accordance with applicable codes and the dent
must be removed in accordance with applicable codes and the dent area
inspected
for surface
cracking.
ClockSpring
Spring
Company,
L.P.
inspected
for surface
cracking. Contact
Contact the
the Clock
Company,
L.P. or
a or a
designated
representative
forfor
more
designated
representative
moreinformation.
information.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
26
26
26
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528
Telephone
011 Coatings
44 1487 824
Fax 011
44 1487
824 451
Wescott
& 449
Training
Services
LTD
T | 0191 497 5550
Wescott Coatings
& Training Services
27
27
Gas Pipeline Dent

Repair
GAS PIPELINE DENT REPAIR
28
28
CLOCK SPRING
Application Note
Effectiveness of dent repair using Clock Spring
Number of Cycles
Clock Spring composite repair system can be used to reinforce dents in highpressure pipelines. Fatigue testing indicates that Clock Spring extends the
fatigue life for dressed mechanical defects by an order of magnitude over
grinding as the sole repair. (GRI Report No. GRI-97-0413 "Evaluation of a
Composite System For Repair of Mechanical Damage in Gas Transmission
Lines"). The repair is limited to smooth dents caused by inadvertent pipe contact
with machinery or objects in the ditch or backfill. Stress concentrators in the dent
must be removed in accordance with applicable codes and the dent area
inspected for surface cracking.
Un-repaired--------------------
Grinding only------------------X
Clock Spring & Grinding--
Diameter / wall thickness

Figure 1.
Number of Cycles as a Function of Pipe Diameter to Wall Thickness Ratio
29
29
Three groups of data are plotted in Figure 1,

1. PRCI/GRI data for un-repaired dents with gouges (Lower)
2. GRI data for partially repaired defects (Grinding out stress riser)(Middle)
3. GRI data for fully repaired defects (Grinding plus Clock Spring)(Upper)
Number of Cycles
Cycles to failure are plotted against Diameter / Wall thickness ratio (D/t).
Analysis yields several observations.
At a D/t of 60, the fatigue life for partially repaired defects is
approximately one order of magnitude greater than the fatigue life
of un-repaired defects.
The fatigue life of fully repaired defects is approximately two orders
of magnitude greater that un-repaired defects.
Fatigue life of un-repaired and partially repaired defects increases
with increasing D/t. There is not enough data to estimate the trend
line for fully repaired data so it is shown flat.
Un-repaired--------------------
Grinding only------------------X
Clock Spring & Grinding--
Gouge Depth / Wall Thickness (%)

Figure 2.
Number of Cycles as a Function of Gouge Depth
30
30
Figure 2 provides data plotted with the gouge depth being the variable of interest.
As with figure 1, the following data groups are presented,
1. PRCI/GRI data for un-repaired dents with gouges (Lower)
2. GRI data for partially repaired defects (Grinding out stress riser)(Middle)
3. GRI data for fully repaired defects (Grinding plus Clock Spring)(Upper)
Several observations can be made,
The fatigue life of a dent with a gouge decreases with increasing
gouge depth.
The fatigue life of partially repaired defects is greater than unrepaired defects by two orders of magnitude at the 15 % gouge
depth.
The fatigue life of fully repaired defects is greater than un-repaired
defects by three orders of magnitude at the 15% gouge depth.
Clock Spring repair system is effective in increasing the fatigue life of
mechanical defects (dents). Stress concentrators or gouges must be removed
prior to Clock Spring installation

Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528
Telephone
011 Coatings
44 1487 824
Fax 011
44 1487
824 451
Wescott
& 449
Training
Services
LTD
T | 0191 497 5550
31
Wescott Coatings
& Training Services
31
CLOCK SPRING
Application Note
Bend Repair
Clock Spring provides hoop reinforcement for pipe damaged by corrosion or
other blunt defects by wrapping tightly around the pipe and sharing the hoop
load. Defects in bends require special consideration to ensure that the following
design requirements are met (Figure 1a, b, c).
1. The repair area shall have the installed Clock Spring units extend a
minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) beyond both ends of the defect.
2. The gap between the Clock Spring and the intrados of the bend shall not
exceed 0.187 inches (4.8 mm).
3. The gap between adjacent Clock Spring units on the extrados of the
bend shall not exceed 0.5 inches (12.7 mm).
4. The width of each Clock Spring unit shall not be less than 2.5 inches
(63.5 mm).
Figures 1a, b, c Bend Repairs
32
32
The design of the bend repair requires specific information about the bend. In
addition to pipe grade, diameter, wall thickness, class location, defect length,
defect width and defect depth; provide:
(S1 and S2)

Or
(C and H)
Or
BR.
See Figure 2.
Figure 2
Installation Requirements:
1. ONLY Certified Installers may install Clock Springs.
2. Install Clock Spring units in accordance with standard Clock Spring repair
procedures.
3. Start the installation of Clock Spring units from the middle of the defect
moving outwards.
4. In addition to applying filler material to all cavities and tented areas, ensure
that filler is applied to both the intrados and extrados area of the pipe
contacting the Clock Spring unit.
Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528

Telephone 011 44 1487 824 449 Fax 011 44 1487 824 451
Wescott
Coatings & Training Services LTD
www.clockspring.com
T | 0191 497 5550
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& Training Services
33
33
1.5 BEND REPAIR

1.5 BEND REPAIR
BEND REPAIR
BEND REPAIR
CLOCK SPRING USED AS A REINFORCEMENT SYSTEM

CLOCK SPRING USED AS A REINFORCEMENT SYSTEM
FOR OFFSHORE OIL RISERS
FOR OFFSHORE OIL RISERS
34
34
34

CLOCK
SPRING
CLOCK SPRING
Application Note
Application
Note
Clock Spring
Marker
Clock Spring Marker
Introduction
Introduction
Pipelines require periodic inspection to detect imperfections in the wall of the
Pipelines
require
periodic
inspection
to detect
in the wallisofdone
the
pipe that could
lead
to subsequent
failure
of the imperfections
pipeline. This inspection
pipe
that
could
lead
to
subsequent
failure
of
the
pipeline.
This
inspection
is
done
by several methods, the most common of which is running an inspection tool
by
several
thetools
mostare
common
of to
which
is running
tool
through
the methods,
pipe. These
designed
inspect
the steelanforinspection
imperfections
through
the
pipe.
These
tools
are
designed
to
inspect
the
steel
for
imperfections
by use of various technologies including, but not limited to, ultrasonic and
by use offlux
various
technologies
including,
butis not
to, ultrasonic
and
magnetic
leakage.
Magnetic flux
leakage
the limited
most common
technology
magnetic
flux
leakage.
Magnetic
flux
leakage
is
the
most
common
technology
used for this inspection task.
used for this inspection task.
It is valuable for a pipeline operator to be able to detect prior repairs on
It
is valuable
for a pipeline
be able
to detect
repairsofon
subsequent
inspection
so that operator
time is nottospent
determining
theprior
disposition
a
subsequent
inspection
so
that
time
is
not
spent
determining
the
disposition
of
a
defect detected by the inspection equipment. The older more traditional repairs
defect
detected
by
the
inspection
equipment.
The
older
more
traditional
repairs
are identifiable in the magnetic flux leakage inspection tool data but the Clock
are
identifiable
in the
magnetic
flux leakage
Spring
composite
repairs
are invisible
to this inspection
technology.tool data but the Clock
Spring composite repairs are invisible to this technology.
This procedure provides a means by which a magnetic flux leakage inspection
This
procedure
a means
by which repairs.
a magnetic
flux the
leakage
tool can
detect provides
Clock Spring
composite
Having
Clockinspection
Spring
tool can detect
Clock
Spring
composite
Having
theprevious
Clock Spring
identified
in the tool
data
provides
definitiverepairs.
information
about
repairs
identified
in
the
tool
data
provides
definitive
information
about
previous
repairs
and serves to identify locations that may be used to verify tool performance.
and
serves
to
identify
locations
that
may
be
used
to
verify
tool
performance.
Detailed measurements of the defect should be acquired before installation of the
Detailed
measurements
of the defect
should
be be
acquired
before
installation
of the
Clock Spring.
This information
should
then
filed for
future
reference.
On
Clock
Spring.
This
information
should
then
be
filed
for
future
reference.
On
subsequent inspections, this information can confirm the performance of the
subsequent
inspections,
this
canthe
confirm
the performance
the
inspection tool
or be used
to information
help calibrate
inspection
tool for betterofdata
inspection
tool
or
be
used
to
help
calibrate
the
inspection
tool
for
better
data
analysis.
analysis.
35
35
35
Procedure
The procedure outlined is only effective for Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL)
Procedure
inspection tools. Because of the varying performance of inspection tools, no
The
procedure
outlined
is only This
effective
for has
Magnetic
Leakage (MFL)
guarantee
is given
or implied.
method
been Flux
demonstrated
to be
inspection
tools.
Because
of
the
varying
performance
of
inspection
tools,
no
effective.
guarantee is given or implied. This method has been demonstrated to be
effective.
Measure the external defect and record results for future reference.
Install the Clock Spring using standard installation procedures.
Measure
and record
results
future
Wrap fivethe
(5) external
layers ofdefect
steel banding
material
onfor
top
of thereference.
Clock Spring at each
Install
the
Clock
Spring
using
standard
installation
procedures.
end. (See Figure 1.) The banding material is standard 1.25 x .031 steel strap
Wrap
fivematerial
(5) layers
of steel(Groves
bandingIndustrial
material on
top of
the Clock
Spring
at each
used for
shipping.
Supply
#14031)
Coat
and back-fill.
end. (See Figure 1.) The banding material is standard 1.25 x .031 steel strap
used
for material
shipping.
(Groves
Supply #14031)
back-fill.
The purpose
of this
procedure
is toIndustrial
place additional
metal in Coat
closeand
proximity
to
the pipe. Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) inspection tools can detect this additional
The
this procedure
is to place
additional
metal
in close
proximity
metalpurpose
and thusofprovide
a Clock Spring
reference
signal
in the
recorded
data. to
the pipe. Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) inspection tools can detect this additional
metal
thus provide
Clock Spring
reference
signal
in the
recordedWhile
data.this
Figureand
1 shows
metal a
banding
placed on
top of the
Clock
Spring.
ensures that the banding is insulated from the pipe, it does require additional
Figure
1 Alternatively,
shows metal the
banding
oncan
topbe
ofplaced
the Clock
Spring.
While this
material.
metalplaced
banding
on the
pipe immediately
ensures
thatClock
the banding
require
outside the
Spring.isIninsulated
this case,from
threethe
(3) pipe,
wrapsit ofdoes
banding
canadditional
be used.
material.
Alternatively,
the
metal
banding
can
be
placed
on
the
pipe
The banding in this case should be insulated from the pipe by a thin immediately
membrane.
outside
Spring.
thiseasier
case, for
three
wraps of tools
banding
can beand
used.
Bandingthe
in Clock
this position
willInbe
the(3)
inspection
to detect
is
The
banding
in
this
case
should
be
insulated
from
the
pipe
by
a
thin
membrane.
most likely to generate an easily recognizable signal in the data.
Banding in this position will be easier for the inspection tools to detect and is
most likely to generate an easily recognizable signal in the data.
Clock Spring
Pipe
Clock Spring
Pipe
Adhesive
Adhesive
Figure 1.
Banding Material
Clock Spring Identifier
Banding Material
Clock Spring Identifier
Inspection data showing Clock

Springs
identified by banding material.
Figure
1.
Inspection data showing Clock Springs identified by banding material.
36
36
36
Figure 1
Figure 2
MFL Data Showing Clock Spring Repairs
Figure 2 shows Tuboscope Magnetic Flux Leakage inspection data of two Clock
Springs and a girth weld. The Clock Spring composite repairs are identified by
banding material placed on each edge of each unit. (Each Clock Spring unit is
nominally 1 foot wide.) The defects repaired with the Clock Springs are clearly
shown in the data. The signals from the defect are unaffected by the Clock
Spring and can be used on subsequent inspections to calibrate the tool.
Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528
Telephone 011 44 1487 824 449 Fax 011 44 1487 824 451

T | 0191 497 5550
Wescott Coatings
& Training Services
37
37
CLOCK SPRING
Introduction
Occasionally, during the course of routine maintenance, a Pipeline Company will
daylight an existing Clock Spring repair. The Company might then like to
assess and confirm the condition of the Clock Spring.
Field Inspection
There is very little testing that can be done, insitu, to test the Clock Spring.
Visual inspection will provide the best indication of performance. The Clock
Spring installation should be inspected to ensure that
the coating is continuous and free of defects.

there are 8 layers of Clock Spring material. (thickness >0.36 inches (9 mm)).
the repair is a monolithic structure.
there is no evidence of movement.
the resin is hard and the glass fibers fully contained.
The adhesive can be tested to ensure that it has a minimum hardness of 40

durometer on the Shore "A" hardness scale.
Clock Spring repairs, properly installed, will not fail because of exposure to the
environment. The conservative estimate of life is a minimum of 50 years. This is
fully documented in a number of technical reports.
Prior Testing
Clock Springs effectiveness as a permanent repair for high-pressure
transmission pipelines is substantiated by an impressive series of tests. These
tests were necessary to satisfy both Pipeline Companies and Regulators that the
technique is effective. These tests are detailed in GRI Report 98/0032 "Field
Validation of Composite Repair of Gas Transmission Pipelines" These tests are
further summarized in GRI Report 98/0227 "Summary of Validation of Clock
Spring for Permanent Repair of Pipeline Corrosion Defects".
The Field Verification Testing of over 100 Clock Spring installations was done to
confirm laboratory testing in actual field operating environments. Following is a
brief summary of the key elements of the laboratory research pertinent to the
field validation effort.
38
38
Composite Short-term Strength and Physical Properties

Clock Spring is manufactured by encapsulating tows of continuous E-glass
fibers in an isophthalic polyester resin matrix. The wet fibers are then wound and
cured around a cylindrical mandrel to form the characteristic Clock Spring
shape. The resulting composite laminate layers are nominally 0.065-inches thick
and have a glass fiber content ranging from 60 to 70 percent by weight (45 to 55
percent by volume). The density of the cured composite laminate ranges from
0.61-to 0.69-lb/cubic inches.
Short-term and long-term tensile tests were carried out using standard ASTM
composite tensile specimens cut from 12 inch wide flat plate panels of the Clock
Spring composite system. The tensile strength of these samples, under worstcase conditions of full immersion in water at 140 F, was 52 to 85 ksi. These data
are from narrow 0.5-inch wide strips and represent a lower bound to the actual
strength of the full 12-inch wide commercial panel.
The Clock Spring composite material exhibits linear elastic behavior up to the
point of failure in tension, typically 1.5 to 2 percent strain. Typical values of the
elastic modulus are 5 x 106 psi in the fiber direction and 1.4 x 106 psi in the
transverse direction. The coefficient of thermal expansion was found to be 6.0 x
10-6 inch/inch/degree F in the fiber direction and 3.2 x 10-5 inch/inch/degree F in
the transverse direction.
Long-term Composite Strength in Pipeline Environment
The strength of polymer composites subjected to high stress in severe
environments is known to decrease with time. In pipeline repair applications,
Clock Spring is not highly stressed, nor is the environment unusually severe or
deleterious. Long-term static load (stress-rupture) tests were performed in the
laboratory research program on saturated, 0.5-inch wide samples at elevated
140 F temperatures. These tests were to verify sufficient long-term residual
strength and performance of the Clock Spring material as a permanent repair.
These tests represented a worst-case condition for the environment to which the
Clock Spring would be subjected.
Figure 2 summarizes the results of the long-term testing. In these tests the
gauged sections of saturated 0.5-inch wide samples were continuously immersed
in de-ionized water at nominal pH ranging from 4 to 9.5, representing typical soil
moisture conditions, and at temperatures of 120 F and 140 F. No fundamental
change in the failure mechanism was observed in the long-term stress-rupture
specimens to indicate degradation in properties. The lower bound line to the
worst-case failure data indicates that 20 ksi is a conservative long term operating
stress for a 50-year life.
39
39
Figure 2. Long-term Durability and Residual Strength of Saturated

Clock Spring at 140 F.
Long-term static load tests were maintained for up to 20,000 hours (27 months).
During this time, no specimen failed at less than 30 ksi. At the conclusion of the
static load testing the un-failed specimens were subjected to conventional tensile
testing at 140 F. The residual strength of the un-failed specimens, coupled with
the test duration, indicate that no significant damage had been sustained by the
samples at stresses of 18 to 35 ksi for test durations up to 20,000 hours.
Long-term Clock Spring Design Stress
The maximum operating stress for transmission pipelines in the United States
ranges from 40 to 72 percent of their specified minimum yield strength (SMYS),
depending upon the class location. ASME pipeline design codes require that any
defect present in the pipeline due to corrosion or other factors must be able to
withstand a hydrostatic test of the pipe to the equivalent of 100 percent of SMYS.
Similarly the composite repair model GRIWrap uses the 50 year maximum
stress of 20 ksi for long term Clock Spring composite repair. GRIWrap
requires that the repaired defect also be able to withstand a hydrostatic test of
the pipe to the equivalent of 100 percent SMYS hoop stress throughout its design
life.
40
40
Adhesive Material Investigation

The Clock Spring composite is bonded to the pipe and to itself with an interlayer
adhesive. A typical Clock Spring installation consists of 8 complete wraps of the
pipe to form a monolithic, 0.50-inch thick structure. The adhesive is a proprietary
epoxy/methyl methacrylate known as MA440.
An analysis of the stress field in the Clock Spring adhesive by Stress
Engineering Services Inc. shows that the maximum adhesive stress is at the
ends of unit and will likely remain below 200 psi. The Clock Spring adhesive
strength was measured in the laboratory to range from 1100 to 1500 psi.
The effects of stress and variability of soil pH were investigated. In these tests
the Clock Spring laminates were submerged in heated water baths at different
pH levels and loaded under constant stress for periods of up to 10,000 hours (13
months). While the adhesive strength did diminish in these tests, it remained well
above that strength required for the Clock Spring application.
Field Validation Program
Laboratory analysis showed that Clock Spring is an effective permanent repair
technique for high-pressure transmission pipelines. To fully validate this
laboratory data a comprehensive Field Validation Program was established. Over
100 Clock Springs were installed at various locations across the United States in
conjunction with this investigation. The locations and installation conditions
varied widely, representing the broad range of conditions expected for application
of the composite wrap. Soil conditions at the sites ranged from red clay to dry
sand. Installation temperatures ranged from 40 F to 95 F. This program focused
on three areas:
Comprehensive monitoring of Clock Spring on an operating pipeline,

including inspection and laboratory testing after 2 to 4 years of exposure,
electronic monitoring of strains over 4 years, and testing of adhesive panels
buried with the Clock Springs.
Installation of Clock Springs on 10 operating pipelines and subsequent
inspection and laboratory testing after 2 to 4 years of exposure.
Field inspection, recovery, and laboratory testing of first generation Clock
Spring installations after 3 to 7 years of exposure.
This program yielded the following results:
Monitoring selected installations with strain gauges showed no loss of

reinforcement or system degradation.
Detailed visual inspection after 2 to 7 years of exposure showed no evidence
of degradation or loss of serviceability.
41
41
Laboratory analysis of Clock Springs removed from service after 2 to 7 years

of exposure showed the following:
The buried composites did not diminish in strength.

The residual strength of test specimens under 15 to 20 ksi constant tensile
load showed no measurable loss of strength or degradation.
The residual strength of Clock Spring composite after 2 to 4 years of
exposure was higher than the initial laboratory worst-case samples.
There is no deterioration of the resin matrix or glass fibers.
Physical properties of the composite and adhesive did not change with
exposure.
Chemical evaluation showed no evidence of chemical breakdown.
Lap shear strength of the adhesive was not affected by long-term exposure to
field conditions.
The conclusion drawn from this extensive battery of tests was that Clock
Spring repair technology could be used to permanently repair pipeline defects.
Clock Spring repairs, properly installed, will not fail because of exposure to
the environment. The conservative estimate of life is a minimum of 50 years. This
is fully documented in a number of technical reports.

Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528
Telephone
011 Coatings
44 1487 824
Fax 011
44 1487
824 451
Wescott
& 449
Training
Services
LTD
T | 0191 497 5550
Wescott Coatings
& Training Services
42
42
CLOCK SPRING
Application Note
Riser Repair
Clock Spring composite repairs are used to repair risers and piping on offshore
platforms. The ease of installation, requiring no "hot work", makes Clock Spring
a very attractive repair alternative. The installation procedures are identical to onshore application with the exception of vertical risers. Risers are repaired in the
same manner as horizontal pipe with the Clock Spring being held in position by
support blocks secured to the pipe under the repair. As with other Clock Spring
repairs, the repaired area is stronger than new pipe. The repairs are effective,
economical and safe.

Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528
Telephone 011 44 1487 824 449 Fax 011 44 1487 824 451
Wescott
Coatings & Training Services LTD
www.clockspring.com
T | 0191 497 5550
Wescott Coatings
43
43
44
44
30 Gas Riser Repair
30 GAS RISER REPAIR
45
45
8 Riser Repair
8 RISER REPAIR
Fig 1: Top Section
Fig2: Bottom Section
2 Overlapping coils used to reinforce

flange.
2 x 6 wide coils used to

reinforce mitered girth weld.
Fig 3: Completed Repair
46
46
Snap Wrap Installation

SNAP WRAP INSTALLATION
Thoroughly mix the two component filler and adhesive.
Apply filler material to defect area and adhesive to pipe surface.
47
47
Snap on first layer and apply

adhesive.
Snap on each layer. Keep applying

adhesive.
On completion of eighth layer, apply

hose clamps.
Tighten and leave to cure.
COMPLETE INSTALLATION CAN BE COMPLETED

WITHIN 15 - 25 MINUTES.
48
48
Completed 6 Snap Wrap Repair in UK Refinery

Completed
Completed 6
6 Snap
Snap Wrap
Wrap Repair
Repair in
in UK
UK Refinery
Refinery
49
49
49
Completed
6 Oxygen
ReairsininUK
UKProcess
Process
Completed
6 OxygenLine
Line Repairs
PlantPlant
Completed 6 Oxygen Line Repairs in UK Process Plant
50
50
50
18 Snap Wrap Repair

18 Snap Wrap Repair
18 Snap Wrap Repair
8 Snap Wrap Repair
8 Snap Wrap Repair
8 Snap Wrap Repair
51
51
51
Pipe Support Installation
PIPE SUPPORT INSTALLATION
Raise pipe from support and prepare

the surface.
Thoroughly mix the two component filler

and adhesive.
Apply filler material to defect area and adhesive to pipe surface.
52
52
Pipe Support Installation (continued)
PIPE SUPPORT INSTALLATION CONTINUED
Snap on first layer and apply adhesive.
Tighten and leave to cure.
Snap on second layer.
Completed repair/support.
Complete installation can be completed within 10 15 minutes.
53
53
18 Pipe Support
18 PIPE SUPPORT
18
18 PIPE
PIPE SUPPORT
SUPPORT
3 x 18 repairs made in support locations. Pipe could not be raised so blocks were
3
made
support
locations.
not
so
were
inserted
andrepairs
the supports
cut away.
PipePipe
was could
hand prepared
to remove
all traces
3 xx 18
18
repairs
made in
inwere
support
locations.
Pipe
could
not be
be raised
raised
so blocks
blocks
were of
inserted
and
the
supports
were
cut
away.
Pipe
was
hand
prepared
to
remove
all
traces
zinc
paint
and
any
corrosion
scabs.
The
3
repairs
were
completed
within
2
hours.
inserted and the supports were cut away. Pipe was hand prepared to remove all traces of
of
zinc
zinc paint
paint and
and any
any corrosion
corrosion scabs.
scabs. The
The 33 repairs
repairs were
were completed
completed within
within 22 hours.
hours.
54
54
54
54
MULTIPLE BRIDGE CROSSINGS REPAIRED WITH

CLOCK SPRING PIPE SUPPORTS
55
55
Leak Stop Installation
LEAK STOP INSTALLATION
1. Locate hole and plug the leak to reduce/stop any flow. Prepare pipe surface.
2. Thoroughly mix 2 part Metalplastic.
3. Using a metal plate, clamp the Metalplastic over the hole and leave to cure
for approximately 15-20 minutes.
56
56
Leak Stop Installation (continued)

LEAK STOP INSTALLATION CONTINUED
4. Thoroughly mix the two component filler and adhesive.
Apply filler material over the metal plate and apply adhesive
to pipe surface.
57
57
Leak Stop Installation

(continued)CONTINUED
LEAK STOP INSTALLATION
6. Snap on first layer and apply adhesive.
8. On completion of eighth layer, apply

hose clamps.
7. Snap on each layer. Keep applying

adhesive.
9. Tighten and leave to cure.
Complete installation can be completed within 15 25 minutes.
58
58
CLOCK SPRING
The Fast, Economical Solution for Low Pressure
Pipeline Repair
Pipe Support
CLOCK SPRING
Pipe Support

Pipeline Repair
Pipe Support

Pipeline Repair
3 x 18 repairs were made in support locations.

The Pipe could not be raised so blocks were inserted and the supports were
x 18then
repairs
were prepared
made in support
locations.all traces of zinc paint
cut away. The pipe 3was
hand
to remove
and any
corrosion
scabs.
The Pipe could not be raised
so blocks
were inserted
and the supports were
3
x
18
repairs
were
made
in
support
locations.
cut away. The pipe was then hand prepared to remove all traces
of zinc paint
and
any
corrosion
scabs.
The 3 repairs were completed within 2 hours.
The Pipe could not be
raised so blocks were inserted and the supports were
cut away. The pipe was then hand prepared to remove all traces of zinc paint
and any corrosion scabs.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON CLOCK SPRING REPAIR SOLUTIONS CONTACT:

Clock Spring Company, L.P.
14107 Interdrive West, Houston, TX 77032
Telephone: 281-590-8491 Facsimile: 281-590-9528
59
Email: sales@clockspring.com
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON CLOCK SPRING REPAIR SOLUTIONS CONTACT:

Clock Spring Company, L.P.
CCLLOOCCKKSSPPRRIIN
G
N
G
Composite Repair System
Composite Repair System

for Riser Applications
Riser
Applications
Composite RepairThe
System
for
Riser
Applications
Fast,for
Economical
Solution
for Pipeline Repair
heavy
or specialized
installation
/ lifting
equipmentrequired
required
No No
heavy
or specialized
installation
/ lifting
equipment
skilled
labour
required
No No
skilled
labour
required
work
& welding
No No
hothot
work
& welding
production
loss
No No
production
loss
Complete cure within two hours
Complete cure within two hours
Future corrosion growth is completely prevented
Future corrosion growth is completely prevented
60
CLOCK SPRING
Snap
Offshore
Extended Repair
Version/
SnapWrap
Wrap Offshore Extended
Version/Structural
Structural Repair
Location:
Middle East
Pipe Details:
14 heavy wall structural cross member.
8 metre repair length.
Repair Application:
Severe external corrosion (up to 80%) metal loss
on structural member designed to hold riser
support clamps.
Pipe cleaned and showing severe external corrosion
Engineered heavy wall composite sleeve,

manufactured in 600mm widths using bi-axial glass
architecture.
Extensive filler application and molding to rebuild
pipe surface to original outer diameter and sleeves
installed and cut to length in a brick wall fashion.
Once completed riser holding clamps reinstated
over the repair area.
Repair sleeves installed
Riser holding clamps reinstated onto repair

and riser
Sealing of completed repair area prior to corrosion

coating application
www.clockspring.com
61
sales@clockspringuk.com
sales@clockspring.com
CLOCK SPRING
Contour & Snap Wrap

Offshore
Riser Repair
Contour & Snap Wrap Combination Offshore Riser Repair
Combination
Location:
Malaysia
Pipe Details:
12 diameter with back to back bends.
40 bar operating pressure.
35C operating temperature.
Defect Details:
External corrosion with severe pitting up
to 60% wall loss.
Riser with localised pitting
Installation of Snap Wrap & Contour
Repair Application:
The riser is cleaned via grit blasting to a
SA 2.5 standard.
The defects are identified and marked.
The defects, which are concentrated
within the bends are first repaired with
Snap Wrap. The Snap Wraps are in 3
wide strips and installed in a lobster
back format for a combined length of
1.8 metres.
Riser repair before and after Contour installation
Clock Spring Contour was then used to

overwrap the total riser length of 5
metres. The repair is designed to last for
20 years.
Repair Time:
1.5 days on-site for the complete
application with the line remaining in
service.
Riser repair before and after Contour installation
www.clockspring.com
62
sales@clockspring.com
CLOCK SPRING
ClockSpring
Spring Offshore Riser
Clock
Offshore
Riser
Location:
West Malaysia
Pipe Details:
8 diameter
40 Bar operating pressure
30 40C ambient temperature
Defect Details:
Extensive external corrosion up to 82% wall loss
covering circumferential area, especially at the
mean sea level (splash zone).
Coil installation in progress
Repair Application:
Clock Spring reinforcement sleeve with marine
type chemicals utilised. These chemicals have
been tested for subsea application and will cure
even when submerged. The total length of riser
being repaired is 5.2 meters.
Repair Time:
Installation was completed within 9 hours,
spanning 1 days. The splash zone section of the
riser was repaired within one hour as the crew
only had a one hour window at low tide.
Installation included girth welds. Repairs

submerged due to tide
Completed repair
5 metre total section repair
63
www.clockspring.com

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The Fast, Economical Solution for Pipeline Repair

No heavy or specialized installation / lifting equipment required

Simply the smartest pipeline repair decision you can make!

Clock Spring Background

Clock Spring Background

Gas Research Institute

The teams mandate was to determine the feasibility of using composites as a

No shielding of Cathodic Protection systems

Completely environmentally friendly and benign, when installed

Scientifically proven as a 50 year permanent repair

No heavy or specialized installation equipment needed

No skilled labor required

No hot work & welding required

No pipeline operation interruption

Complete cure within 2 hours, dig area can then be backfilled

Future corrosion growth completely prevented

Used in all environmentsArtic, Desert, Offshore, Above Ground,

Experience with total success in over 65,000 installations in 63 countries

Each Accessory Kit Contains the Following:

Clock Spring Features

Clock Spring Features

Highly effective, ingeniously simple the Clock Spring pipeline reinforcement

APPROVED 50 YEAR PERMANENT REPAIR FOR USE ON

56 High Pressure Gas Pipeline Repairs

Clock Spring Repair vs. Conventional Repairs

CLOCK SPRING REPAIR VS. CONVENTIONAL REPAIRS

Cut out &

Defect Burst at 70 Bar

Defect Burst at 70 Bar

Clock Spring Repair Made on Same Size Defect

Pipe Burst at 200 Bar! Clock Spring repair remains unaltered!

Burst Test Cross-Section

BURST TEST CROSS-SECTION

Under the Clock Spring, the pipe kept its original

There is NO deformation of the defect, because the stress is

PHOTORAPHS SHOW MIXING AND PREPARING THE TWO

LEADING EDGE OF THE COIL IS PLACED ON THE STARTER

AS STANDARD, EACH COIL IS A COMPLETE EIGHT

EACH COIL HAS A MEMORY MATRIX, WHICH ONCE THE

Figure 1. Multiple Clock Spring Units

Figures 2a, 2b. Reinforcement of Bends

Wescott Coatings & Training Services LTD

EACH CLOCK SPRING IS 12 WIDE. 2 OF PRISTINE PIPE

FOR LARGE AREAS OF GENERAL CORROSION,

Weld Bridge Application Note

Simply the smartest pipeline repair decision you can make!

Wescott Coatings & Training Services LTD

Double Girth Weld Repair

DOUBLE GIRTH WELD REPAIR

Gas Pipeline Dent

Diameter / wall thickness

Three groups of data are plotted in Figure 1,

Gouge Depth / Wall Thickness (%)

Simply the smartest pipeline repair decision you can make!

Figures 1a, b, c Bend Repairs

(S1 and S2)

Telephone 281.590.8491 800.471.0060 Fax 281.590.9528

Clock Spring UK 2 Woodlands, Warboys, Huntingdon, Cambs, PE17 2UR, England

1.5 BEND REPAIR

CLOCK SPRING USED AS A REINFORCEMENT SYSTEM

Inspection data showing Clock

Simply the smartest pipeline repair decision you can make!

Wescott Coatings & Training Services LTD