DWDM QUESTIONS

1. How are optical fiber amplifiers classified? Where are they placed with reference
to a laser source?
A. They are classified in power amplifiers, placed at the output of a laser
source, preamplifiers placed before the receiver and line amplifiers placed
somewhere between the source and the receiver.
2. What are the factors affecting optical technology
A.
a. Next Generation Fibers
b. Optical cross-connect
c. All Optical regenerators
d. Broadband Amplifiers
e. Grating Technologies
f. End-to-End Network Management
g. Circulators
h. Optical ADM
i. Wavelength Routing
j. Translators
k. All optical Signal Processing and Optical PM
l. Tunable Lasers
m. Fixes Lasers/ Receivers on ITU Grid
3. Modal Dispersion applies to both Single mode and Multimode fibers
True/False
A. False Only to MMF
4. Why wavelength conversion?
A. For Scalability, Performance, to reduce wavelength contention, transparent,
interoperability, increase network capacity.
5. List all the optical network elements
A. Optical fibers, optical amplifiers, wavelength division mux/demux,
transponders, optical add/drop mux (OADM) and optical cross-connect
(OCCS or OXC)
6. What are the performance parameters of a optical amplifier
A. Gain, Noise figure, and saturated output.

DWDM QUESTIONS

7. What is the linear and nonlinear effect?

A. In linear effect the transmission problem increases as the length of the cable
increases. Example Attenuation.
In Non Linear effect the transmission problem increases as the signal power
increases and it is independent of the length of the cable. Example
Scattering.
8. Four wave mixing (FWM) in fiber transmission system is a phenomenon that can
be eliminated True / False
A. False Cannot be eliminated.
9. What are the pros and cons of optical ring?
A.
Pros

Sectionalize network by geography

Fast (50) Restoration, high reliability
Simplified OSS, each ring is a complete system uses mature SONET
concepts for OSS control.
Simple Switching mechanisms
Incremental builds as you need capacity, less up-front outlay

Cons

Cost/complexity increase if demands must transit multiple rings from

O-D
Does not support restoration COS All protected and non protected
(except for preemptable service)
As network scales, must stack rings to service demands
Limited flexibility to handle demand churn without manual
intervention

10. Why fibers carry so much data?

A. A single laser can be turned on and off up to a billion times per second and a
single strand of glass fiber can carry multiple wavelengths (different colors)
of light simultaneously.

DWDM QUESTIONS