Good morning to Associates Professor Doctor Jason Lim Miin Hwa and fellow friends.

I am Nur
Hidayah Aqmar binti Lasim. I am studying International Relations. As for today, I am going to
talk about war. Just war. First, let us start with the definition of war. What is war? According to
Oxford Dictionary, a war is a situation which two or more countries or groups of people fight
against each other over a period of time. According to C. O'Reilly, B. Powell / European Journal
of Political Economy 40 (2015) War is one major form of a crisis that could impact the strength
of interest groups and peoples' ideas about the proper role of government. They also says that,
Wars could influence the ideas of the intellectuals to help generate top down social change and/or
war could be a bottom up influence on people's ideas about the proper role of government in
other non-military areas of society. But as for me, war is the act of killing innocent people to
satisfy the hunger of inconsiderate person. Wars destroy lives and capital while they are fought.
But their impact on human suffering could last into the long run if they change a country's
institutional environment. Ample evidence shows that exposure to war and military violence
increases mental health problems among children, including posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), depressive, and somatic disorders. War is all about destruction. In 2013, there were 33
active conflicts worldwide, with seven accounting for more than a thousand lives lost each in that
year, and many more injured. This data were collected from Journal of Hospital Infections. Now
I want you guys to start thinking and calculating. There are more than thousand lives are lost for
just one year. How about if the war continues for a long period of time? Let us take an example
from the biggest war in history, World War 1 and World War 2. In World War 1 which occurred
during 1914 until 1918, about 37 millions casualties reported. While in World War 2,
Can you imagine how many innocent lives need to be killed? How many lives had been stolen?
How many building need to be bombed? When you are living during inter-war, you will be only
dead, or injured and homeless. In East Central Africa, many children in Rwanda were exposed to
war-time violence during the 1994 genocide, where as many as 1 million people of all ages of a
total population of 7.5 million were killed (Dryegrov et al., 2000; Neugebauer et al., 2009). Yes,
the world is changing. But, there are some part of this sphere Earth that never knows what is the
meaning of peace. We, as growing peoples realize about what had happen. But we just do not
want to give single thought about it. We just ignore it because we always thinking, there is
nothing else we can do. Stopping a war is beyond our responsibilities. But, did we ever realize?
That one day, it is our generations who are going to rule the world? Our generations who are

going to be the leaders? For now, yes, we cannot stop the war with our power. But, we can start
to train ourselves with new thinking. Regain what we had been lost. Collect all the things that
today leaders had been left behind. Start thinking! Start making difference! What can we do to
avoid war?

These are two major things that can stop the war. With tolerance, all the states leader will try to
compromise to each other. They will try to understand others situation before making decisions.
With tolerance, all states can satisfy their needs without stepping into war. Humanities. This is
the value that all of us almost lost. We need to regain our humanities. All the blood, all the tears,
how it cannot ring any bell to us?

No-one could have predicted the horrifying consequences of