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Benezit Dictionary of Artists

GOGH, Vincent Willem van

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GOGH, Vincent Willem van

Dutch, 19th century, male.

Born 30 March 1853, in Zundert, Holland; died 29 July 1890, in Auvers-sur-Oise.
Painter. Figure compositions, figures, portraits, landscapes, still-lifes, flowers.
Japonisme, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism.

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Vincent Willem van Gogh was the eldest of six children of the pastor Theodore van Gogh and his
wife, Anna Carbentus. His childhood was spent at the family home, amid the forests, fields, and
heathlands of northern Brabant. At age 16, he was apprenticed to a branch of the art dealer Goupil
& Co. in The Hague (his uncle was a partner in the firm). Van Goghs celebrated lifelong
correspondence with his brother Theo, five years his junior, began during this period, in August
1872. In the letters, collected and edited by Theos son and his widow, Mme Johanna van GoghBonger, Van Gogh writes freely of his joys and hopes, his loves, his troubles and suffering, providing
an invaluable account of his short but passionate life. The later correspondence includes detailed
descriptions of his paintings and occasional sketches.
In May 1873, Van Gogh was sent to the London branch of Goupil & Co. While in England, he began
collecting illustrations from periodicals depicting or satirising contemporary British social ills, which
made a lasting impression on him. Two years later he transferred to the Paris gallery, but he was
never in tune with the commercial imperatives of art dealership, and in 1876, he was dismissed. His
deeply held religious faith became increasingly fervent from this period and he spent several months
studying theology in Amsterdam with the aim of becoming a minister of the church, before
abandoning the idea in favour of a short period of evangelical training in Brussels. In 1879, he left to
perform missionary work in the Borinage, a mining region in south-west Belgium, but was dismissed
from his duties in the winter of 18791880.
Van Goghs rare early sketches date from this period, drawn from life and clearly influenced by the
work of Jean-Franois Millet, of whom he remained a lifelong admirer. (The two artists works were
shown together in 1998, at the exhibition Millet/Van Gogh at the Muse dOrsay in Paris.) In 1881,
he returned to Holland to his parents home in Etten, where he met his cousin, the painter Anton
Mauve. Mauve encouraged his artistic endeavours and Van Gogh soon moved to The Hague,
where Mauve lived and worked among a sizeable community of artists. Mauves influence is
apparent in Van Goghs drawings of the period (18811883). In 1883, he returned, penniless, to his
parents, who were now living in the Brabant town of Nuenen. Apart from a brief spell in Antwerp, he
remained with them until November 1885. His first full-fledged paintings (as distinct from sketches
and watercolour studies) date from this early, prolific period. As throughout the rest of his short life,
these early works express Vincents deep compassion and sensitivity to the plight of the poor. He
made innumerable sketches depicting every aspect of the harsh, miserable rural life of the region
and dreamt of synthesising these studies in a large work on canvas. To this end, he sketched more
than a hundred portraits, capturing the tough, morose, brutalised physiognomy of the local peasants
blank with exhaustion, rugged and sour as their native soil. These early studies culminated in the
work known as The Potato Eaters (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam). They are characterised by a
pronounced chiaroscuro (the figures are seated in interiors dimly lit by oil lamps) and a sombre
palette of blue-green, vert anglais, bottle green, and brown ochre, the harsh lighting emphasising
the subjects coarse, rustic features still further. Van Goghs deep sensitivity to the regions mood of
intense nostalgia and melancholy is expressed in every aspect of his output during this period,
including in his flower studies and landscapes. Millet the Idealist presents an apotheosis of rural life;
Van Gogh the Realist shows an existence of relentless misery, utterly devoid of consolation.
In November 1885, Van Gogh spent three months in Antwerp, studying at the citys academy and
attending drawing classes in the evenings. In 1886, he moved to Paris and shared lodgings with
Theo at 54 Rue Lepic, in the 18th Arrondissement. He studied for a time with the French painter
Fernand Cormon, but the latter seems to have had little impact on his work. Van Goghs early Paris
works feature the same drab palette and thick, impasto handling as the paintings executed in
Nuenen and The Hague. His style soon evolved, however, toward a lighter touch and paler tones.
His flower paintings were influenced by his discovery of works by the French artist Adolphe
Monticelli at the Galerie Delarebeyrette. Most important, and thanks in part to Theos activities as an
art dealer, he encountered the work of the Impressionists Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, and Camille
Pissarro and the Post-Impressionists Georges Seurat and Henri Edmond Cross. He experienced
Seurats Pointillist use of colour as a striking revelation, leading him to his own early experiments
with the principles and use of complementary colours. Japanese art and prints were another

important discovery, inspiring the lifelong use of reed pens as his favoured drawing tool. Indeed, Van
Goghs work has been characterised by the French art critic Marius-Ary Leblond as that of a
Dutchman steeped in the frank sincerity of his countrys native genius, yet dreaming of Japan
(Peintres de Race, 1981).
In 1887, Van Goghs palette underwent a complete transformation, becoming brighter and less
opaque. The paintings of this period feature fine ticks and strips of clear, pure colour, skilfully
juxtaposed or overlaid, reminiscent of Pointillist or Impressionist work. Based in the heart of Paris,
Van Gogh remained drawn to the countryside and painted the still rural landscapes of Montmartre
and the surrounding region, often in bright sunshine. From the metamorphosis of his Paris period,
Van Gogh emerged as one relatively undistinguished Impressionist painter among many, yet the
essential principles of Impressionism went on to define every stage of his subsequent artistic
evolution: painting from life, the use of natural light, and the synthetic evocation of colour through
Divisionism (the juxtaposition of small touches of pure, unmixed pigment directly on the canvas).
Van Goghs highly individual, even violent adaptation of the latter technique was to become the
tragically expressive trademark of his later works.
Exhausted by the pace of life in Paris, Van Gogh left for the Provenal town of Arles in February
1888. He was hungry for still more light, clarity, and sunshine and still wished to fulfill his ambition,
inspired by Millets work, of becoming a peasant painter. After a brief stay at the Htel Carrel at 3
Rue de la Cavalerie, he moved into a small house at 4 Place Lamartine (the so-called Yellow
House, destroyed by a bomb in World War II), the setting for his famous painting Vincents Bedroom
in Arles, now in the Muse dOrsay, Paris. The sunshine and burnished forms of the Provenal
landscape were a revelation, furnishing both the intense light and clarity of line that his evolving
brand of deviant Impressionism craved. He worked ceaselessly, day and night, painting the town,
the denizens of its streets and cafs, and its surroundingsblossoming orchards, golden wheat
fields, olive trees, and drawbridges; the sea at Les Stes-Maries-de-la-Mer, the abbey in Montmajour,
the landscapes of the Crau, the red and bronze foliage of the parks in autumn. He painted portraits,
toothe local postman Roulin, his son Armand, a woman wearing the traditional costume of Arles,
a Zouave (a soldier in the French light infantry regiment of the same name, characterised by the
Oriental style of their uniform). It was here that Van Gogh discovered sunflowers, the subject of his
celebrated series painted to decorate the Yellow House. A large number of still-lifes also date from
his time in Arles. The works of the period are characterised by a still higher key than those painted
in Paris, with flaming reds and yellows seemingly saturated with the very essence of sunlight. As
Leblond observed, Van Goghs work is the embodiment of a passionate love of the sun, and a
passion suffered for the sun. At once ascension, assumption and calvary, its poignant beauty is the
drama of a man feeding on light itself.
If Van Goghs Paris period was, seemingly, a time of personal happiness and discovery, his time in
Arles was characterised by a kind of dazzled intoxication and limitless, albeit self-consuming,
creativity. Van Gogh was joined in Arles by his friend Paul Gauguin, whom he had met in Paris and
who, like Van Gogh, discovered his artistic vocation relatively late in life. Van Goghs hopes of
companionship and collaboration were dashed, however, as their difficult characters and differing
tastes led to increasingly violent quarrels. Gauguin had only a passing influence on Van Goghs
work, discernible briefly in a greater accentuation of pictorial depth and the more frequent use of flat
areas of colour. Gauguin tried to persuade Van Gogh to paint from imagination rather than from life,
as was his habit. On Christmas Eve 1888, Van Gogh threatened his friend and subsequently cut his
own ear in a fit of violent passion. This dramatic incident marked the end of their companionship and
of Van Goghs Arles period. Gauguin returned to Paris and Van Gogh was taken to the hospital,
where he was cared for by Dr Rey, whose portrait he painted. His physical injuries healed quickly,
but Van Gogh now experienced the first of his recurrent bouts of insanity. Triggered by the slightest
emotional upset, these were to plague him for the rest of his life.
On 8 May 1889, Van Gogh institutionalised himself at the St-Paul-de-Mausole hospice in St-Rmyde-Provence. He found no companionship among the other inmates (many of whom were clinically
insane) but began painting once more. At first he painted motifs taken from the hospital garden,
including tree trunks covered with ivy and, later, olive groves, cypress trees, and scenes from his
hospital window (a reaper in a field of wheat, the Alpilles hills). When his nervous condition

prevented him from going out, he painted copies of Millets Labours of the Field (Travaux des
Champs) and Four Moments in the Day (Les Quatre Heures de la Journe), as well as engravings
by Gustave Dor and engraved reproductions of works by Rembrandt, Eugne Delacroix, and
Honor Daumier, among others, for which he improvised versions in colour. The flowers painted
from life during this period reveal an over-excited, heightened perception of reality. Van Goghs work
underwent a significant change between the Arles and St-Rmy periods. The brilliant sunshine and
expansive joy of Arles were replaced by darker colours; broader, more vigorous brushwork; and a
brooding, more visionary atmosphere. In the surrounding landscape, Van Gogh depicts the ridge of
the Alpilles surging up as if to engulf the fleeing clouds, while madly writhing cypress trees reach out
to ensnare the molten sun.
Conscious that a prolonged stay in the asylum would condemn him to a slow death, Van Gogh left
for Auvers-sur-Oise, north-west of Paris, where Theo had arranged for him to be cared for by Dr
Gachet. Paul Czanne, Pissarro, Armand Guillaumin, and other members of the Impressionists
circle were friends with Gachet, and Gachet himself was an accomplished draughtsman and
engraver who had taught the latter technique to some of his visitors. In Auvers, Van Gogh worked
with enthusiasm once again, painting the village and its surroundingsthe vast crop fields, thatched
cottages, and pale yellow hayricksand a number of portraits, including of Dr Gachet and his
daughter. Other paintings from this period include Daubignys Garden (Le Jardin de Daubigny) and
landscapes of the surrounding plains. Vincents palette during the Auvers period was inevitably
affected by the change of landscape and light, but his work continued to reflect the hallucinatory
worldview that had evolved in St-Rmy. Through Van Goghs eyes, we see the church in Auvers
shaken as if by a series of deep-seated tremors, their shockwaves spreading via his brushwork
through the sky above. The wheat fields of this period shimmer and tremble in the play of elemental
forces; a flock of crows is tossed on a stormy gust of wind. On 27 July 1890, Van Gogh returned
from the fields covered with blood. This might have been a suicide attempt or an accident. He finally
died in his brother Theos arms two days later. Theo outlived him by just six months, and the two
brothers were buried together in the cemetery in Auvers some years later, in 1914.
Throughout each of the five periods of Van Goghs artistic lifein Holland, Paris, Arles, St-Rmy-deProvence, and Auvershis numerous self-portraits constitute an autobiography in paint, reflecting
his thoughts and moods quite as clearly as his correspondence with Theo. In scarcely more than
five years as an active artist, he produced over 850 paintings and 900 drawings and watercolours
(not including work from the Nuenen and Antwerp periods, now largely lost or destroyed),
documenting the increasingly intense personalisation and dramatisation of his technique, handling,
and message.
In the context of the history of modern Western art, Van Goghs work heralds the emergence of
Expressionism as a conscious artistic movement. He was an important precursor of Fauvism and of
the German movement Die Brcke. Van Gogh strove to create and convey sensations beyond the
merely visual in his work. He did not hesitate to distort appearances in the service of a greater
intensity of expression and was, to the same end, a masterly colourist. His scientific knowledge of
the effect of colour is evident in his letters to Theo, which describe his sometimes seemingly
arbitrary use of colour as a means of heightened expression. The effects achievable through colour
should, he said, be exaggerated through the diligent application of natural harmonies and contrasts.
His haunting images, the product of a lifelong quest to give plastic form to his intensely passionate
thoughts and feelings, have touched countless hearts and minds.
Van Gogh famously sold only one painting (The Red Vineyard of 1888) and a handful of drawings
during his lifetime. He took part in only one exhibition, with the Belgian group Les Vingt in 1890
(where the painting was sold). His late start as a painter, in 1885, precluded membership of the
already well-established Impressionist group, whose eighth and final exhibition was held in 1886.
Perhaps somewhat perversely, however, his work began to attract an enthusiastic market and
increasing acclaim almost immediately after his death, starting with an exhibition held at the
Bernheim-Jeune Gallery in Paris in 1901.

Group Exhibitions
1890, Les Vingt Group, Brussels
1981, Vincent van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto
1990, Vincent van Gogh and the Modern Movement, 18901914, Museum Folkwang, Essen, etc.
1990, Van Gogh e la scuola dellAia, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence
1998, Millet/Van Gogh, Muse dOrsay, Paris
2000, Impression: Painting Quickly in France, 18601890, National Gallery, London
2001, Vincent van Gogh and the Painters of the Petit Boulevard, Saint Louis Art Museum, St Louis (MO)
2002, Van Gogh and Gauguin: Studio of the South, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, and Art Institute of Chicago (which
highlighted works painted during the two artists collaboration at the Yellow House in Arles from October to December
1888)
2005, The Hague School and the Young Van Gogh, Germeentemuseum Den Haag, The Hague
2007, Van Gogh and Expressionism, Neue Galerie, New York

Solo Exhibitions
1892, Kunstzaal Panorama, Amsterdam
1901, Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris
1905, 1930, 1945, 1958, 1966, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
1908, Galerie E. Druet, Paris
1920, Montross Gallery, New York
1923, 1926, 1930, Leicester Galleries, London
1927, Otto Wacker Gallery, Berlin
1928, Graphisches Kabinett, Munich
1935, Museum of Modern Art, New York
1937, Exposition Internationale, Paris
1940, Holland House, New York
1942, Museum of Art, Baltimore (MD)
1943, 1955, Wildenstein, New York
1944, Museum of Art, Brooklyn (NY)
1947, Orangerie, Paris
1947, National Gallery, London
1948, 1953, Gemeentemuseum, The Hague
1948, Knoedler, New York
1952, Palazzo Reale, Milan
1952, Stedelijk van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven
1953, Kunsthaus, Zurich
1954, Kunstmuseum, Bern
1960, 1962, Marlborough Fine Art, London
1963, Graves Art Gallery, Sheffield
1970, Museum of Art, Philadelphia (PA)
19711972, Muse de lOrangerie, Paris
1974 , Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
1975, City Art Gallery, Auckland
1984, Vincent Van Gogh in Arles, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
1985, National Museum of Art, Tokyo
1986, Van Gogh in Saint-Rmy and Auvers, Metropolitan Museum, New York
1988, Van Gogh in Paris (Van Gogh Paris), Muse dOrsay, Paris
1990, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, and the Krller-Mller Museum, Otterlo (an exhibition marking the centenary of Van
Goghs death)
1992, Van Gogh in England, Barbican Art Gallery, London
1994, Van Goghs Parisian Self-portraits, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
1998, Van Goghs Van Goghs, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
1999, Van Gogh and Japan, Fondation Van Gogh, Arles
2002, Vincent Van Gogh: The Paris Sketches (Vincent Van Gogh. Die Pariser Zeichnungen), Hamburger Kunsthalle,
Hamburg
2003, Vincent and Hlne (Vincent und Hlne), Krller-Mller Museum, Otterloo; Vincents Choice: The Muse Imaginaire
of Van Gogh and Gogh Modern, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (a series of exhibitions organised by Dutch museums
to mark the 150th anniversary of the artists birth); Van Goghs Arles, Fondation Van Gogh, Arles
2003, Vincent van Gogh: Arlsienne, Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart
2005, Vincent van Gogh: The Drawings, Metropolitan Museum, New York
2007, Painted with Words, Vincent van Goghs Letters to mile Bernard, Morgan Library and Museum, New York
2007, The Riddle of the Double IngresVan Goghs Drawings in the Krller-Mller Museum Reconsidered, Krller-Mller
Museum, Otterlo
2008, Van Gogh and the Colours of the Night, Museum of Modern Art, New York
2009, Vincent van GoghBetween Earth and Heaven: The Landscapes, Kunstmuseum, Basel
2010, The Real Van Gogh: The Artist and His Letters, Royal Academy of Arts, London
2011, Van Gogh and Montmartre, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

Museum and Gallery Holdings

s Hertogenbosch (Noordbrabants Mus.): Peasant Woman Seated, with White Cap (1885, oil on canvas on panel);
Watermill in Gennep (1884)

Amsterdam (Rijksmus.): Self-portrait with Grey Felt Hat (18861887, oil on cardboard)
Amsterdam (Van Gogh Mus.): Self-portrait with Straw Hat (1887, oil on cardboard); The Pink Orchard (1888); Peach Tree
in Blossom (1888); Vincents House in Arles (The Yellow House) (1888, oil on canvas); Peasant Woman Binding
Sheaves (1889, oil on canvas); Irises (1890); Wheatfield with Crows (1890, oil on canvas); Wheatfields under Clouded
Sky (1890, oil on canvas); Vase with Asters and Phlox (1886, oil on canvas); The Zouave (1888, oil on canvas)
Basel (Kunstmus.): Self-portrait with a Japanese Print (1887, oil on canvas)
Belgrade (Narodni Muz.): Peasant Woman Standing Indoors (1885, oil on canvas on panel)
Berlin (Nationalgal.): Lovers (The Poets Garden IV) (1888, oil on canvas); Daubignys Garden (1890)
Bremen (Kunsthalle): Field with Poppies (1889, oil on canvas)
Brussels (Mus. royaux)
Buenos Aires: Moulin de la Galette, Montmartre (1886, oil on canvas)
Buffalo, NY (Albright-Knox AG): Landscape around St-Rmy; The Old Mill (1888, oil on canvas)
Cambridge, MA (Fogg AM, Harvard University): Self-portrait Dedicated to Paul Gauguin (1888, oil on canvas)
Chicago (AI): Montmartre (1886, oil on canvas on panel); The Poets Garden (1888); Vincents Bedroom in Arles (1889);
Mme Roulin Rocking the Cradle (La Berceuse) (1889, oil on canvas)
Cleveland, OH (MA): Poplars in St-Rmy (1889, oil on canvas)
Cologne: Portrait of Camille Roulin
Cologne (Wallraf-Richartz Mus.): The Langlois Bridge in Arles (1888)
Copenhagen (Nationalmus.)
Edinburgh (Nat. Gal. of Scotland): Olive Trees (1889, oil on canvas)
Essen (Folkwang Mus.): Wheat Field behind St Paul Hospital with a Reaper (1889); Portrait of Armand Roulin (1888);
Quay with Men Unloading Sand Barges (1889)
Frankfurt am Main (MM): Portrait of Doctor Gachet
Frankfurt am Main (Stdel): Cottage and Woman with Goat (1885)
Geneva (MAH): Herrings and Onions (1887?)
Gteborg (Konstmus.): Olive Grove: Orange Sky (1889)
Helsinki: Back Yards of Old Houses in Antwerp in the Snow (1885)
Honolulu, HI (Academy of Arts): Wheatfield with Sheaves (1888)
Indianapolis, IN (MA): Enclosed Wheat Field with Peasant (1889)
London (Courtauld Institute of Art): Self-portrait with Bandaged Ear (1889, oil on canvas); Peach Blossom in the Crau
(1889, oil on canvas)
London (NG): Van Goghs Chair (1888, oil on canvas); Sunflowers (1888, oil on canvas); A Wheatfield, with Cypresses
(1889, oil on canvas); Long Grass with Butterflies (1890, oil on canvas); Two Crabs (1889, oil on canvas, on loan from a
private collection); Farms near Auvers (1890, oil on canvas, on loan from the Tate Collection since 1997)
London (Tate Collection): Thatched Roofs (1884, pen and ink, pencil and gouache/paper); A Corner of the Garden of St
Pauls Hospital at St Rmy (1889, pencil and pen and ink/paper); The Oise at Auvers (1890, pencil and gouache/paper)
Los Angeles (Getty Mus.): Irises (Les Iris) (1889, oil on canvas)
Magdeburg (Kulturhistorisches Mus.): The Painter on His Way to Work (destroyed by fire in World War II)
Merion, PA (Barnes Foundation): Still-life: Majolica Jug with Wildflowers (1888, oil on canvas); Portrait of the Postman
Joseph Roulin (1889, oil on canvas); The Brothel (oil on canvas, four other paintings)
Moscow (Pushkin MFA): Seascape at Stes-Maries (1888); Portrait of Doctor Felix Rey (1889); Public Park in Arles (1890);
The Red Vineyard (1888); Spectators in the Arena in Arles (1888); Bushes; Prisoners Exercising (1890, after Dor)
Munich (Neue Pinakothek): Orchard in Blossom with View of Arles (1889); Plain near Auvers (1890); Still-life: Vase with
Twelve Sunflowers (1888); Self-portrait dedicated to Paul Gauguin (1888)
New York (Metropolitan Mus. of Art): Mme Joseph Michel Ginoux (Marie Julien, 1848-1911) (LArlsienne) (1888); Starry
Night (1889); First Steps (1890, after Millet)
Oslo (Nasjonalgal.): Self-portrait
Otterlo (Krller-Mller Mus.): Peasant Digging (1885, oil on canvas); Vegetable Gardens in Montmartre (1887); The Sower
(1888, oil on canvas); Snow-covered Field with a Harrow (1890, after Millet, and numerous other works); Fishermans
Wife on the Beach (1882); Fisherman on the Beach (1882); Girl in White in the Woods (1882); Weaver Arranging
Threads (1884); The Old Tower in Nuenen, with a Ploughman; Weaver (1884); Weaver, Interior with Three Small
Windows (1884); Ox Cart; Cart with Red and White Ox (1884); Peasant and Peasant Woman Planting Potatoes (1885);
Still-life (several works); Old Peasant Woman; Peasant Woman Taking her Meal (1885); Peasant Woman; Peasant
Woman in a White Cap; Peasant Women Lifting Potatoes; Still-life with Fruit; Still-life with Three Birds Nests (two
works); Sunset; Head of an Old Peasant Woman in Profile; Head of an Old Peasant Woman (two works); Brabant
Peasant Woman; Peasant Digging; Peasant Woman Sweeping the Floor (1885); Peasant Sitting at a Table (1885);
Head of a Peasant Smoking a Pipe; Portrait of a Peasant Man in Profile; Forest Edge; Wheatsheaves; Still-life with
Bloaters (1886); Plaster Statuette; The Moulin de la Galette; Vegetable Gardens in Montmartre; Sunflowers; Potatoes;
Roses; Carnations; Still-life; Flowers and a Bottle; Basket Filled with Apples; Bouquet of Flowers; Flowers in a White
Vase; Interior of a Restaurant (1887); Self-portrait (1887); Tree in Blossom; The Langlois Bridge in Arles with Women
Washing (1888); Haystacks in Provence (1888); The Sower (1888); View of Les Stes-Maries; Portrait of the Postman
Joseph Roulin (1889); Pair of Shoes (1886); Caf Terrace on the Place du Forum, Arles, at Night (1888); Public Park in
Arles; Cypresses with Two Female Figures (1889); Zouave (1888); Vineyards; Les Alyscamps: Falling Autumn Leaves
(1888); Augustine Roulin (La Berceuse) (1888); Garden of St Paul Hospital; Portrait of a Young Girl against a Pink
Background (1888); Willows at Sunset (1888); Landscape with a Stack of Straw; Portrait of an Actor; Pine Trees against
a Red Sky with Setting Sun (1889); Chestnut Trees in Blossom (1890); Corner of a Field; Still-life: Drawing Board, Pipe,
Onions and Sealing Wax (1889); Still-life: Bottle, Lemons and Oranges (1888); Wheatfield; Cypresses with Two Female
Figures (1889); Evening Landscape with Rising Moon (1889); Olive Grove with Picking Figures (1889); The Sower;
Enclosed Field; Garden of the St Paul Hospital; Ravine (1889); Peasant Women Harvesting; Road with Cypress and
Star (1890); Tree Trunks with Ivy (1889); The Good Samaritan (1890, after Delacroix); Olive Grove (1889); Meadow in
the Mountains: Le Mas de St-Paul (1889); Old Man in Sorrow (On the Threshold of Eternity) (1890); Garden of the St
Paul Hospital; Les Alpilles, Mountainous Landscape near St-Remy (1889); Undergrowth with Two Figures; Study of
Pine Trees; Three Trees; The Sea at Les Stes-Maries
Paris (Mus. dOrsay): Head of a Peasant Woman (1885); Restaurant de la Sirne in Asnires (1887); Encampment of
Gypsies with Caravans (1888); Portrait of Eugne Boch (1888); Starry Night over the Rhone (1888); Vincents Bedroom
in Arles (1889); Southern French Girl (La Mridienne) (1889); Portrait of Dr Gachet (1890); The Church in Auvers
(1890); Dr Gachets Garden in Auvers (1890); Still-life: Japanese Vase with Roses and Anemones; Restaurant de la
Sirne in Asnires
Paris (Mus. Rodin): View of a Viaduct; Peasants Harvesting; Pre Tanguy (1887)
Philadelphia, PA (MA): Sunflowers (Tournesols) (1888 or 1889)
Pittsburgh, PA (Carnegie MA): Wheat Fields (The Plain of Auvers) (1890, oil on canvas)
Prague (Nrodn Muz.): Green Wheatfield with Cypress (1889)
Rotterdam (Mus. Boijmans Van Beuningen): Lane with Poplars (1885); Funerary Urns; Portrait of Armand Roulin (1888)

St Louis, Missouri (AM): Stairway in Auvers (LEscalier dAuvers)

St Petersburg (Hermitage): Thatched Cottages (1890); Landscape with Carriage and Train in the Background (1890)
Stockholm: Hayricks
Szczecin: Avenue near Arles
The Hague (Gemeentemus.): Self-portrait (1886); Peasant Woman; Still-life with Pots, Jar and Bottles (1884); Still-life with
Three Birds Nests (1885); Flowering Garden with Path (1888, oil on canvas)
Tokyo (Yasuda Kasai MA): Sunflowers (Les Tournesols) (1889)
Toledo, OH: Houses in Auvers (1890); Plain with Wheatfields near Arles
Toledo, OH (MA): Wheat Stacks with Reaper (1888)
Vienna (sterreichische Gal. Belvedere): The Plain near Auvers
Washington, DC (NGA): Farmhouse in Provence (1888, oil on canvas); Self-portrait (1889, oil on canvas); several
paintings, drawings, prints
Washington, DC (Phillips Collection): Entrance to the Public Park in Arles (LEntre du Jardin Public dArles) (1888, oil on
canvas); La Mousm, Sitting (1888)
Winterthur (Kunstmus.): Sunset: Wheatfields near Arles (1888)
Worcester: Heads of Young Boys
Zurich: Sunset; Two Peasant Women Digging in Field with Snow (1890); Vase with Hollyhocks (1886); Thatched
Sandstone Cottages in Chaponval (1890)

Auction Records
Paris, 1900: The Midday Meal, FRF 910; Hollyhocks, FRF 1,100; Woman Kneeling, FRF 240; Woman Bending, FRF 200
Paris, 24 March 1900: A Country Cottage, FRF 1,000
Paris, 20 Nov 1918: Snow in Avignon, FRF 7,200; Still-life, FRF 4,800; Landscape around Auvers, FRF 9,050
Paris, 24 Feb 1919: Pre Tanguy, FRF 20,200; Still-life with Fish, FRF 15,000
Paris, 27 Feb 1919: Portrait of the Postman Roulin (pen) FRF 720
Paris, 28 March 1919: Woman Spinning Thread (watercolour) FRF 1,550
Paris, 8 April 1919: Reclining Female Nude, FRF 1,700
Paris, 3 March 1920: Coffee-pot, Pears and Apples, FRF 16,000
Paris, 31 March 1920: Pair of Shoes, FRF 6,000; The Plain (pen) FRF 3,000; Factories and Harvesting (pen) FRF 2,900;
Bushes (pen) FRF 2,600; Three Boats (pen) FRF 3,000; Garden (pen) FRF 3,000; Wheatsheaves (pen) FRF 2,800;
Portrait of a Young Girl (pen) FRF 3,100; Portrait of the Postman Roulin (pen) FRF 3,900
Paris, 4 May 1923: Old Woman (drawing) FRF 500
Paris, 27 June 1924: Houses and Landscapes in Arles (pen and watercolour) FRF 2,450
Paris, 14 Feb 1927: Portrait of a Man, FRF 30,000
Paris, 30-31 March 1927: Stairway Leading to the Moulin de la Galette, FRF 77,000
London, 29 April 1927: Vase of Flowers, GBP 1,260
Paris, 9 June 1927: Flowers in a Vase, FRF 16,000
Paris, 1 March 1928: Self-portrait (ink) FRF 8,700; Les Alyscamps, Arles: The Main Avenue (ink) FRF 13,800; Les
Alyscamps, FRF 7,000; The Sower (reed pen and ink) FRF 23,400
London, 8 April 1929: The Reaper (drawing) GBP 37
Paris, 11 March 1931: Stairway Leading to the Moulin de la Galette, FRF 69,500
Paris, 12 Dec 1932: Southern French Girl (La Mridienne), FRF 280,000
Paris, 2 June 1933: Before the Hearth (1881) FRF 62,000
Paris, 26 June 1934: The Seine, FRF 30,000
Paris, 9 March 1935: Self-portrait with Japanese Print, FRF 60,500
London, 13 May 1935: Flowers in a Metal Vase, GBP 9
Paris, 23 April 1937: Before the Hearth (1881) FRF 48,000
New York, 8-9 Jan 1942: Woman in a Garden, USD 7,900
London, 10 Nov 1943: Views in a Park, GBP 1,550
New York, 16 March 1944: Still-life, USD 11,000; Woman by a Hearth, USD 8,250
New York, 12 April 1945: Church with a Pointed Bell-tower (drawing) USD 550; Young Girl with a Red Ribbon, USD 5,000
New York, 17 May 1945: Mother and Child (drawing) USD 500
New York, 6 Feb 1947: Woman Spinning (after Millet) USD 5,000
London, 10 July 1957: Factories in Clichy, GBP 31,000; Sunrise (Indian ink) GBP 3,200
London, 15 Oct 1958: Public Park in London, GBP 132,000
New York, 19 Nov 1958: Boat at Anchor, USD 67,500
Paris, 15 Dec 1958: Two Herrings on a Table (1886) FRF 7,900,000
New York, 14 Jan 1959: Garden of the St-Rmy Hospital, USD 74,000
London, 1 July 1959: Peasant Digging (black chalk, watercolour, and gouache) GBP 6,500
London, 25 Nov 1959: Bridge over the Seine at Asnires, GBP 45,000
London, 4 May 1960: Peasant Woman Gathering Wood (black chalk and wash heightened with white) GBP 5,000
London, 6 July 1960: Thatched Cottage beneath the Trees, GBP 4,200
Versailles, 7 June 1961: Birthplace of the Artist, FRF 50,000
London, 28 June 1961: Thatched Cottage, GBP 7,000
London, 14 June 1962: Still-life with Oranges, Lemons and Blue Gloves (1889) GBP 80,000
London, 24 April 1963: View of the Asylum and Chapel in St-Rmy, GBP 92,000
London, 27 Nov 1964: Working in the Fields (watercolour) Gns 5,200
Palm Beach, 9 Feb 1965: The Reaper, USD 250,000
London, 24 June 1966: Portrait of Mlle Ravoux, Gns 150,000
Bern, 15 June 1967: Peasant Digging (watercolour heightened with white) CHF 90,000
London, 28 June 1968: Portrait of the Artists Mother, Gns 110,000
New York, 15 Oct 1969: Zinnias in a Vase, USD 310,000
New York, 25 Feb 1970: Cypress and Tree in Blossom, USD 1,300,000
London, 21 April 1971: View of The Hague (watercolour) GBP 12,500
New York, 5 May 1971: The Hpital St-Paul in St-Rmy, USD 1,200,000
London, 27 June 1972: Willow Tree (watercolour) GNS 16,000
London, 3 July 1973: Still-life with Gladioli (1886) GBP 113,000
London, 4 July 1973: Pot of Geraniums (1886) GBP 64,000
Hamburg, 3 June 1976: Small Cottage in Drenthe (1883, watercolour, 10 14 ins/26.2 36.8 cm) DEM 70,000

Bern, 9 June 1976: Man with a Pipe: Portrait of Dr Gachet (1890, etching, 7 5 ins/18.2 14.7 cm) CHF 48,000
London, 28 June 1976: Midday, or Garden near a House (1888, oil on canvas, 25 21 ins/63.5 52.5 cm) GBP 480,000
New York, 16 May 1977: Evening: The End of the Day (1889-1890, oil on canvas, after Millet, 28 37 ins/72 94 cm)
USD 800,000
Amsterdam, 22 Nov 1977: Motherhood (watercolour and black chalk, 18 11 ins/47.5 30 cm) NLG 80,000
London, 15 Dec 1977: Man with a Pipe: Portrait of Dr Gachet (1890, etching printed in sanguine, 7 6 ins/18 15 cm)
GBP 4,000
New York, 3 May 1978: Man with a Pipe: Portrait of Dr Gachet (1890, etching printed in sanguine, 7 6 ins/18 15 cm)
USD 16,500
London, 27 June 1978: Arles, View of the Wheatfields (1888, pen and sepia ink, 12 9 ins/31.2 24.2 cm) GBP
200,000
New York, 16 May 1979: Seated Zouave (pen, 19 24 ins/49.5 61 cm) USD 280,000
New York, 13 Feb 1980: Man with a Pipe: Portrait of Dr Gachet (1890, etching, inscribed on the reverse by Paul Gachet,
7 6 ins/18.3 15 cm) USD 25,000
New York, 22 Oct 1980: Corner of a Park, Arles (1888, pen and brown ink on paper, 12 9 ins/31.7 24.2 cm) USD
290, 000
New York, 12 Nov 1981: Man with a Pipe (1890, etching, 7 6 ins/18.2 15 cm) USD 9,000
Zurich, 14 May 1982: Landscape with Hayricks (1888, oil on canvas, 11 14 ins/28.5 37 cm) CHF 250,000
London, 29 June 1983: Peasant Woman with a Basin (1885, pen and sepia ink, pencil, black chalk and wash, 12 10
ins/32 25.7 cm) GBP 66,000
New York, 15 May 1984: La Robine du Roi (1888, oil on canvas, 29 24 ins/73.5 61 cm) USD 1,600,000
New York, 17 May 1984: Woman Spinning (1884, gouache, 13 16 ins/33 41 cm) USD 75,000
New York, 24 April 1985: Landscape with Rising Sun (1889, oil on canvas, 28 36 ins/73 92 cm) USD 9,000,000
New York, 17 Nov 1986: Rooftops, Arles (1888, pencil, reed pen and ink on paper, 10 13 ins/25.5 34.5 cm) USD
390,000
London, 30 March 1987: Sunflowers (1889, oil on canvas, 39 30 ins/100.5 76.5 cm) GBP 22,500,000
New York, 12 May 1987: Weaver (1883-1884, gouache, 11 17 ins/30 43 cm) USD 260,000
Bern, 17 June 1987: The Smoker, or Man with a Pipe (1890, etching in brick-red ink) CHF 140,000
London, 29 June 1987: The Trinquetaille Bridge, Arles (1888, oil on canvas, 28 36 ins/73 92 cm) GBP 11,500,000
New York, 11 Nov 1987: Irises (1889, oil on canvas, 28 36 ins/71 93 cm) USD 49,000,000
New York, 11 March 1988: Portrait of Adeline Ravoux (1890, oil on canvas, 29 21 ins/73.7 54.7 cm) USD 12,500,000
London, 30 March 1988: Stable and Farm (1864, pencil, 7 11 ins/20 27 cm) GBP 22,000; Small Farm (oil on canvas,
13 17 ins/33 43 cm) GBP 83,600
New York, 11 May 1988: Portrait of Adeline Ravoux (1890, oil on canvas, 29 21 ins/73.7 54.7 cm) USD 13,750,000
New York, 12 May 1988: Young Blacksmith (black chalk and pencil on paper on card, 17 9 ins/45.1 24.2 cm) USD
110,000
Calais, 13 Nov 1988: Barn and Farm (graphite, 7 11 ins/20 27 cm) FRF 410,000
London, 4 April 1989: Country House in Stes-Maries (ink, sepia, and pencil, 12 19 ins/30.5 47.4 cm) GBP 2,310,000
New York, 18 Oct 1989: The Man Is at Sea (1889, oil on canvas, after Demont-Breton, 26 20 ins/66 51 cm) USD
7,150,000
New York, 14 Nov 1989: Trunk of an Old Yew Tree (1888, oil on canvas, 36 28 ins/92 72.4 cm) USD 20,350,000
New York, 15 Nov 1989: Quarry near St-Rmy (oil on canvas, 20 25 ins/52 64 cm) USD 11,550,000
Paris, 20 March 1990: Rooftops (1882, watercolour and gouache, 15 22 ins/39 56.5 cm) FRF 27,000,000
London, 2 April 1990: Head of a Peasant (1885, oil on canvas, study for The Potato Eaters, 15 12 ins/39.4 30.2 cm)
GBP 550,000
New York, 15 May 1990: Portrait of Dr Gachet (oil on canvas, 26 22 ins/66 57 cm) USD 82,500,000
New York, 14 Nov 1990: Flower Garden in Arles (1888, bamboo reed pen with ink, 24 19 ins/61 49 cm) USD
8,360,000
Paris, 24 Nov 1990: The Beach in Scheveningen (1882, watercolour, 11 17 ins/27 45 cm) FRF 2,300,000
Amsterdam, 12 Dec 1990: Siens Mothers House, Seen from the Courtyard (pencil and ink heightened with white on tinted
paper, 18 11 ins/45.5 29 cm) NLG 494,500
New York, 6 Nov 1991: Garden with Weeping Willow (brown ink on pencil on vellum, 14 9 ins/37.7 24.2 cm) USD
1,320,000
London, 3 Dec 1991: Fishing-boats at Anchor (oil on canvas, 20 25 ins/52 65 cm) GBP 1,430,000
New York, 12 May 1992: Prayer (1882, pencil, charcoal, and ink heightened with white gouache on paper, 23 19
ins/60 50 cm) USD 495,000
London, 30 June 1992: Study of Peasants at Work, Sowing and Digging (recto); Figure of a Man in front of a Farm (verso)
(pencil on paper (recto), black chalk on paper (verso), 9 12 ins/23.8 31.7 cm) GBP 44,000; Still-life with
Blossoming Almond Branch (1888, oil on canvas, 9 7 ins/24 19 cm) GBP 1,320,000
New York, 10 Nov 1992: Head of Peasant, Full-face (pencil on paper, 13 8 ins/33 20.3 cm) USD 385,000
London, 1 Dec 1992: Old Man Warming Himself (pencil, charcoal, and ink, 13 10 ins/33.7 25.4 cm) GBP 132,000
Paris, 6 Dec 1992: Garden in Auvers (oil on canvas, 25 31 ins/64 80 cm) FRF 55,000,000
Amsterdam, 26 May 1993: Farmer Chopping Wood with a Small Axe (pencil/paper, 15 7 ins/40 19.5 cm) NLG
138,000
New York, 2 Nov 1993: Bouquet of Flowers (1886, oil on canvas, 21 17 ins/53.4 44.5 cm) USD 1,487,500
London, 29 Nov 1993: Sien, Left Profile (1883, pencil and black chalk/paper, 11 7 ins/28.5 18 cm) GBP 84,000
Amsterdam, 31 May 1994: Bridge near Schenkweg, The Hague (ink heightened with white/paper, 8 13 ins/21.3 33
cm) NLG 184,000
New York, 8 Nov 1994: Wheatfield with Sheaves (pencil, ink, and sepia/vellum, 9 12 ins/24.1 31.8 cm) USD
2,092,500
London, 27 June 1995: Corner of a Park (ink/vellum, 12 9 ins/31.7 24.2 cm) GBP 474,500; The Reaper (oil on
canvas, after Millet, 17 10 ins/43.5 24.5 cm) GBP 2,751,500
New York, 8 Nov 1995: Undergrowth (1890, oil on canvas, 28 36 ins/73.3 92.1 cm) USD 26,952,500
New York, 30 Apr-1 May 1996: Interior of a Restaurant (oil on canvas, 20 25 ins/51.1 65.4 cm) USD 10,342,500;
View of the Artists Bedroom, Rue Lepic (oil on card, 18 15 ins/46 38.4 cm) USD 1,652,500
London, 24-25 June 1996: Watermill in Gennep (1884, oil on canvas, 33 59 ins/85 151 cm) GBP 551,500; Vase
with Carnations (oil on canvas, 16 12 ins/41 32 cm) GBP 3,081,500
London, 25 June 1996: Sien with an Umbrella and Prayerbook (c. 1882-1883, black chalk and pencil/paper/card, 18 9
ins/46.1 22.7 cm) GBP 150,000
New York, 13 Nov 1996: Woman in a Garden (1887, oil on canvas, 20 24 ins/50.8 62.5 cm) USD 3,412,500
New York, 14 Nov 1996: Young Woman of Scheveningen, Knitting, Seen from the Right (1881, watercolour and
gouache/paper, 20 14 ins/52.2 36.5 cm) USD 442,500
London, 2 Dec 1996: Landscape with Woman and Child (1883, pencil and black ink heightened with wash/paper, 11

17 ins/29.3 43.8 cm) GBP 155,500

London, 4 Dec 1996: Two Hands (oil on canvas/panel, 11 6 ins/28 17 cm) GBP 40,000
New York, 14 May 1997: Prayer (1882, pencil, charcoal, and ink heightened with white gouache/paper, 23 19 ins/60
50 cm) USD 1,982,500
Amsterdam, 4 June 1997: Portrait of a Woman (pencil/paper, 11 8 ins/29.5 20.5 cm) NLG 230,640
Paris, 10 June 1997: Man with a Pipe: Portrait of Dr Gachet (1890, etching, 7 5 ins/18 14.7 cm) FRF 430,000
London, 24 June 1997: Harvest in Provence (1888, pencil, pen, and brown ink, watercolour and gouache/paper, 19 23
ins/48 60 cm) GBP 8,801,500
Amsterdam, 2 Dec 1997: Thatched Cottage (c. 1885, oil on canvas/panel, 12 18 ins/32 46 cm) NLG 1,383,840
New York, 19 Nov 1998: Self-portrait Without a Beard (Portrait de lartiste sans barbe) (1889, oil on canvas, 16 13 ins/41
33 cm) USD 65,000,000
New York, 12 May 1999: La Roubine du Roi (1888, oil on canvas, 29 24 ins/74 61 cm) USD 18,000,000
New York, 8 Nov 1999: Pont de Trinquetaille (1888, oil on canvas, 26 32 ins/65 81 cm) USD 14,000,000
New York, 8 May 2000: Entrance to the Parc de Voyer-dArgenson at Asnieres (oil on canvas, 22 27 ins/55 68 cm)
USD 1,600,000
New York, 10 May 2000: Flowers in a Vase (oil on canvas, 16 12 ins/40 31 cm) USD 4,200,000
New York, 7 May 2001: Arles Seen from the Wheat Fields (reed pen/sepia ink, 12 9 ins/31 24 cm) USD 4,000,000
London, 26 June 2001: Eglogue Provencea Pair of Lovers (1888, oil on canvas, 13 9 ins/32 23 cm) GBP 2,600,000
New York, 8 May 2002: Peasant Woman, Half-figure, Sitting (1884-1885, oil on canvas/panel, 16 11 ins/40 29 cm) USD
600,000
New York, 5 Nov 2002: Mother and Child (1885, oil on canvas board, 17 13 ins/43 34 cm) USD 750,000
New York, 4 Nov 2003: Alle des Alyscamps (1888, oil on canvas, 36 29 ins/92 73 cm) USD 10,500,000
New York, 5 Nov 2003: Harvest in Provence (watercolour/charcoal/ink, 20 24 ins/50 61 cm) USD 9,200,000
London, 21 June 2004: Two Crabs (18881889, oil on canvas, 19 24 ins/47 61 cm) GBP 4,600,000
London, 22 June 2004: Peasant Woman Gleaning (1885, chalk and wash heightened with white, 21 17 ins/53 42 cm)
GBP 360,000
New York, 3 Nov 2004: Trinquetaille Bridge (Pont de Trinquetaille) (1888, oil on canvas, 26 32 ins/66 81.3cm) USD
10,000,000
London, 20 June 2005: Woman in a Garden (1887, oil on canvas, 20 24 ins/50.8 61cm) GBP 2,600,000.
London, 21 June 2005: Novel Reader (Liseuse de romans) (1888, oil on canvas, 29 37 ins/73.7 94cm) GBP 2,100,000
New York, 2 May 2006: Arlesienne, Madame Ginoux (1890, oil on canvas, 26 21 ins/66 53.3cm) USD 36,000,000
New York, 7 Nov 2006: A Pair of Shoes (1886, oil on canvas, 15 16 ins/38.1 40.6cm) USD 8,000,000
New York, 9 May 2007: Pollard Willow (1882, watercolour, gouache, pen, black ink on paper on board, 15 22 ins/38.1
55.9cm) USD 1,400,000; View from Vincents Window (1887, oil on board, 22 15 ins/55.9 38.1cm) USD 4,400,000
Bern, 6 June 2008: Seamstress by a Window (Die Nherin beim Fenster) (1881, watercolour over charcoal with pastel and
body colour on vellum, 23 17 ins/9.8 44cm) CHF 1,550,000
New York, 3 Nov 2009: Weaver (1884, oil on canvas laid down on board, 14 17 ins/36.6 45cm) USD 818,500
London, 23 June 2010: Garden of St Paul Hospital (Parc de lhpital Saint-Paul) (1889, oil on canvas, 26 20 ins/66.7
51.5cm) GBP 9,001,250
New York, 3 Nov 2010: Plaster Statuette: Female Torso, Front View (Statuette de pltre: torse de femme, vue de face)
(1887, oil on canvas, 28 21 ins/73 54.1cm) USD 3,666,500
London, 21 June 2011: Head of a Peasant Woman: Right Profile (1884, oil on canvas laid down on panel, 15 12 ins/40
30cm) GBP 993,250
London, 7 Feb 2012: Vue de lasile et de la Chapelle de Saint-Rmy (1889, oil on canvas, 18 24 ins/45.1 60.4 cm)
GBP 10,121,250; Pollard Willow (1882, watercolour, gouache and pen and ink on paper, 15 22 ins/38.1 55.9 cm)
GBP 1,273,250
London, 20 June 2012: Sorrow (1882, pencil and wash on paper, 18 12 ins/46.7 30.2 cm) GBP 1,329,250
New York, 7 May 2013: Peasant Woman Reeling Yarn (1885, black chalk on paper, 11 14 ins/28 36 cm) USD
785,000
Zrich, 19 June 2013: Pont de Clichy (1887, oil on canvas, 21 18 ins/55 46 cm) CHF 6,575,000
London, 5 Feb 2014: View From the Window of Vincents Studio (1883, pen and ink and pencil on paper, 8 5 ins/20.7
13.5 cm) GBP 962,500; View From the Window of Vincents Studio in Winter (gouache, watercolour, and pencil on
paper, 15 23 ins/40 59.5 cm) GBP 350,500; Lhomme est en mer (1889, oil on canvas, 26 20 ins/66 51
cm) GBP 16,882,500

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