Chapter 21: Citric Acid Cycle

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
I)
J)
K)
L)

oxaloacetate
malate synthase
malate
malonate
Krebs cycle
aconitase
succinyl-CoA synthetase
-ketoglutarate
carbon dioxide
malate dehydrogenase
isocitrate
succinate dehydrogenase

1. Another name for the citric acid cycle is the ______.

Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: Chapter 21 Introduction
2. ______ is the first compound that is oxidized in the citric acid cycle.
Ans: K
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview, 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
3. ______ is an enzyme that catalyzes a substrate-level phosphorylation.
Ans: G
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
4. The citric acid cycle intermediate ______ is found at the beginning and at the end of the
citric acid cycle.

Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview
5. The only membrane-bound enzyme of the citric acid cycle is ______.
Ans: L
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview, 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
6. The name of this citric acid cycle intermediate, ______, is derived from apple.
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview
7. The enzyme ______ contains an ironsulfur cluster.
Ans: F
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
8. The compound ______ is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase.
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle

Multiple Choice
9. Which of the following coenzymes is required by E1 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex or catalytic activity?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

thiamine pyrophosphate
lipoic acid
FAD
NAD+
biotin

Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-2. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A
10. E2 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contains a lipoyl group that is covalently
attached to a ______ residue of the enzyme?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

glutamate
serine
lysine
arginine
histidine

Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-2. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A
11. Which of the following is an intermediate between citrate and isocitrate in the citric acid
cycle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

hydroxyethyl-TPP
carboxybiotin
oxalosuccinate
succinyl-phosphate
cis-aconitate

Ans: E
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview
12. Which of the following is the metabolic intermediate that condenses with oxaloacetate to
form citrate?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

acetyl-CoA
carboxybiotin
oxalosuccinate
succinyl-phosphate
cis-aconitate

Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview
13. During the oxidation of isocitrate, the intermediate that is decarboxylated to form ketoglutarate is ______.
A)

hydroxyethyl-TPP

B)
C)
D)
E)

carboxybiotin
oxalosuccinate
succinyl-phosphate
cis-aconitate

Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
14. Which of the following enzymes of the citric acid cycle contains an FAD prosthetic
group?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

isocitrate dehydrogenase
-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
succinyl-CoA synthetase
succinate dehydrogenase
malate dehydrogenase

Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
15. In which of the following locations do eukaryotes house the enzymes of the citric acid
cycle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

cytosol
mitochondrial matrix
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
outer mitochondrial membrane

Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview
16. How many NADH are produced when one acetyl group is oxidized in the citric acid
cycle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

1
2
3
4
more than 4

Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview

17. Which of the following terms describes the citric acid cycle is referred to as being both
catabolic and anabolic?
A)
B)
C)
D)

amphibolic
amphipathic
anaplerotic
cataplerotic

Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: Chapter 21 Introduction, 21-5. The Amphibolic Nature of the Citric Acid Cycle
18. The reaction that is catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase is an example of an ______
reaction because it replenishes the citric acid cycle intermediates that have been siphoned off
for biosynthesis.
A)
B)
C)
D)

amphibolic
amphipathic
anaplerotic
cataplerotic

Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-5. The Amphibolic Nature of the Citric Acid Cycle

19. Which of these compounds is oxidized by a multienzyme complex that requires five
different coenzymes?
H
-

O2C

CO2-

A)

O
B)

O 2C

CH2 C

CO 2-

OH
C)

O 2C

CH2 CH CO2

O
D)

O 2C

CH2 CH2 C

CO2-

O
E)

CH3 C

SCoA

Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-2. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A
20. The isomerization of citrate to isocitrate:
A)
is the only unnecessary step of the citric acid cycle.
B)
protects cells from the toxic effects of arsenite ion.
C)
converts a tertiary alcohol, which cannot easily be oxidized, to a secondary
alcohol that can be oxidized.
D)
is a major regulatory step for the citric acid cycle.
E)
is an oxidation reaction.
Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
21. Which of the following is correct concerning the metabolic reaction shown below?
Pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA-SH Acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + CO2

A)
The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction contains a pyridoxal phosphate
prosthetic group.
B)
This reaction is sometimes referred to as an anaplerotic reaction in that it
refills the citric acid cycle when intermediates have been removed for biosynthesis.
C)
The enzyme that catalyzes this metabolic conversion is activated by high
concentrations of ATP.
D)
This reaction is an oxidative decarboxylation.
E)
This reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme in the cytosol of the cell.
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-2. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A
22. Which of the following causes pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase to catalyze the
phosphorylation and inactivation of E1 in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

elevated concentrations of NADH and ATP

elevated concentrations of NAD+ and ADP
Ca2+
insulin
elevated concentrations of acetyl-CoA

Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 21-4. Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
23. If acetyl-CoA labeled with 14C, as shown in the figure to the right,
were used as the substrate for the citric acid cycle, which of the
following intermediates would be produced during the first round of
the cycle?

O
CoAS

OH H
O2*C

C C

CH2 CO2

H CO2

A)

OH H
O2C

C C *CH2 CO2
H CO2

B)

OH H
O 2C
C)

C C

CH2 *CO2

H CO2
OH H
O2C *C C CH2 CO2

D)

H CO2
OH H
O2C C *C CH2 CO2

E)

H CO2

Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview
24. Which of the following serves as a swinging arm when it transfers a reaction
intermediate from one active site to the next?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Ans: C

FAD
NAD+
Lipoamide
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Coenzyme A

C *CH3

Level of Difficulty: Moderate

Section: 21-2. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A

25. Which of the following best describes the citric acid cycle as a central pathway of
metabolism?
A)
It is important for recovery of energy from carbohydrates only.
B)
It is important for recovery of energy from fatty acids only.
C)
It is important for recovery of energy from amino acids only.
D)
It is important for recovery of energy from several metabolic fuels that are
broken down to acetyl-CoA.
E)
Only A) and B) above
Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-1. Cycle Overview
26. Which of the following coenzymes is NOT used by the pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

thiamine pyrophosphate
pyridoxal phosphate
coenenzyme A
FAD
NAD+

Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-2. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A
27. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes a reaction with the
pictured compound as an intermediate?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
succinyl-CoA synthetase
succinate dehydrogenase
fumarase
malate dehydrogenase

COOCH2
CH2

2-O P
3

Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
28. Which of the following can be said about the isocitrate product of aconitase?
A)

The product always has the R configuration.

C
O

B)
C)
D)

The product always has the S configuration.

The product can have either the R or S configuration
The product isn't chiral, so has neither configuration

Ans: A
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
29. Which of the following enzymes of the citric acid cycle is inhibited by ATP?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

citrate synthase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
succinyl-CoA synthetase
malate dehydrogenase

Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 21-4. Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
30. Which enzyme has an intermediate of the form presented? (TPP =
thiamine pyrophosphate)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

enolase
aldolase
pyruvate decarboxylase
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
lactate dehydrogenase

OH
H3C

TPP

Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 21-2. Metabolic Sources of Acetyl-Coenzyme A

31. Which of the following amino acids participates in the transfer of a phosphate group in
the reaction catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

aspartate
glutamate
histidine
lysine
serine

Ans: C
Level of Difficulty: Difficult
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle

32. Which enzyme has an intermediate of the form presented?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

citrate synthase
aconitase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
succinyl-CoA synthetase
succinate dehydrogenase

O-

CH 2
C

COO

HC

COO

Ans: B
Level of Difficulty: Moderate
Section: 21-3. Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle

33. How many electrons are transferred from one acetyl group when it is converted to two
carbon dioxide molecules in the citric acid cycle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2
4
6
8
10

Ans: D
Level of Difficulty: Easy
Section: 21-4. Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle