GSCE

Biology Week 2. (B1 1.20 and B2 1.1 - 1.5 Cells)

B1 1.20 The nucleus of the cell
B2 1.1 Components of a bacterial cell
B2 1.2 Function of the components of a plant cell
B2 1.3 Function of the components of an animal cell
B2 1.4 How plant and animal cells can be studied with a light microscope
B2 1.5 Simple magnification calculations

Seeing the microscopic world.

Microscopes allow scientists to see the microscopic world. Things / Organisms we wouldnt be able to see
with the naked eye.

1. Name 4 plant cell structures that you would see with a light microscope.
2. Name another type of microscope.
3. Using a light microscope you observe an object you know to measure 0.06mm in length. The image
size you observe is 9mm long. Calculate the magnification.
4. State the difference between the way light microscopes and electron microscopes work. Identify
which is most powerful.
5. The Flagellum of the bacterium Escherichia coli is 0.001mm long. You observe the flagellum at 400 x
magnification. Calculate how long the magnified image will be.
6. State the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells.
7. State the functions of: -
a. Cell wall
b. Cell membrane
8. Where does photosynthesis take place in a plant cell?
9. Describe vacuoles in plant cells.
10. Mitochondria are organelles found in most animal and plant cells. Mitochondria are the sites of
cellular respiration.
a. State 3 examples of a specialised cell likely to have many mitochondria.
b. Explain your answer.
11. Plant and animal cells have similarities and differences. Complete each statement below by
highlighting the correct words.
a. Plant / Animal cells, not plant / animal cells contain chloroplasts.
b. Plant cells have vacuoles / cytoplasm which contains sap.
c. Both plant and animal cells / only animal cells / only plant cells have cell membranes.
d. The cytoplasm / nucleus is the gel like substance within the cell, where most chemical
reactions take place.
12. Highlight the cell where you would find a plasmid.
a. Plant, Animal, Fungi or Bacteria.
13. State how plasmid DNA differs from chromosomal DNA in the cell you identified above.
14. Draw diagrams of fully labelled:
a. Animal cell
b. Plant cell
c. Bacterial cell
15. Chromosomes consist of long coiled molecules of DNA.
a. State the 2 types of Human cells that do not have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
b. Explain why these cells only have 23 chromosomes.

16. Genetic material is located in the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
a. State what genes and chromosomes are made from.
b. State the difference between genes and chromosomes.

17. Draw a line to match the following cell part to its correct description:

Flagellum

Plasmid

Chromosomal DNA

DNA that controls the cells activities, found

in the cytoplasm
Small loop of DNA that can be passed
between bacterial cells
Helps to move the bacterial cell

18. State what each of the following cell structures if made of OR contains.

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Plant cell wall

Bacterial cell
wall

19. Describe the functions of the following:

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Cell wall

Mitochondria

Cell
Membrane

Ribosomes

20. Name 4 features of a plant cell that is not seen in bacterial cells.