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Hinge Moment
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Trim Tab
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Free Elevator
A characteristic of interest is the stability of the
airplane when the elevator is set free
It is completely free to rotate about its hinge under the
influence of the aerodynamic pressures that act upon it
Normally, the stability in the control-free condition is
less than with fixed controls
It is desirable that this difference should be small
Since friction is always present in the control system,
the free control is never realized in practice. However,
the two ideal conditions, free control and fixed control,
represent the possible extremes.
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=
where
= 1
But
: Flap Effectiveness
Parameter
= 1
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Stick-Fixed Case
0 = 0 + 0 + 0 +
+ 1
Stick-Free Case
0 + 0 + +
0
+ 1
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Neutral Point
Stick-Fixed:
+
1
Stick-Free:
+
1
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= 1
1
where
= 1
=
1
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Static Margins
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Example 1
Obtain the shift in the neutral point for an airplane if the values of some of its
parameters are: = 0.738, = 0.9, = 4.17 1 , = 3.43 1 ,
Solution:
= 1
= 1 0.5
0.003
= 0.7
0.005
= 1
1
3.43
= 1 0.7 0.738 0.9
1 0.438 = 0.0921
4.17
By freeing the stick, the neutral point has shifted forward by . or the static
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Example 2
An airplane has the following characteristics:
= 0.085 1 , = 0.058 1 , / = 0.032,
= 0.003 1 , = 0.0055 1 , = 00 , 0 = 20 , = 10 ,
Obtain
i) Stick-fixed neutral point.
ii) Stick-free neutral point.
iii) Stick -free neutral point when is changed to 0.003.
Solution:
= 0.5,
= 0.25 3 = 0.75
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,,
+
1
0.37
3.323
= 0.25
+ 1.0 0.75
1 0.5 = 0.4301
4.87
4.87
Stick-Free Neutral Point:
,,
+
1
= 0.25
0.37
3.323
+ 1.0 0.75
1 0.5
4.87
4.87
0.032 0.003
0.058 0.0055
= 0.355
Stick-Free Neutral Point (when = 0.003):
= 0.25
0.37
3.323
+ 1.0 0.75
1 0.5
4.87
4.87
0.032 +0.003
0.058 0.0055
= 0.5051
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Trim Tabs
Small surfaces called trim tabs are connected to
the trailing edge of a bigger control surface on an
airplane such as its rudder, elevators, or ailerons.
The trim tabs counter aerodynamic forces and
stabilize the airplane in a desired position
without having the operator continually apply a
control force to the particular control surface.
This action is made by adjusting the angle of the
trim tab in relation to the larger control surface.
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Trim Wheel
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Trim Condition
In order to fly at a given speed, or CL , it has been
shown that a certain elevator angle is required
When this differs from the free-floating angle a
force is required to hold the elevator
When flying for long periods at a constant speed,
it is very fatiguing for the pilot to maintain such a
force
The trim tabs are used to relieve the pilot of this
load by causing and to coincide
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