J D C

T E C H

T I P S
TIPS, TECHNIQUES, AND SAMPLE CODE

This is an update to the the Java Developer Connection(sm) (JDC)

Tech Tip for August 21, 2001 on Delivering Dynamic Images from
JavaServer Pages(tm) (JSP(tm)) Technology. You can view that
issue of the Tech Tips on the Web at
http://java.sun.com/jdc/JDCTechTips/2001/tt0821.html
That tip mistakenly generated binary content from a JSP page. The
Servlet specification requires that servlets not call both
ServletResponse.getOutputStream() and ServletResponse.getWriter().
Because JSP pages already call getWriter(), they must not also
call getOutputStream(). Some versions of Tomcat delay the calling
of getWriter(), so that the tip might work for those versions.
However the operations demonstrated in the tip should be
considered illegal. JSP pages are only meant to deliver textual
output.
In order for this tip to work properly, the dynamic image
generation must be moved into a servlet. Place the following
class definition in an appropriate servlet directory for your
web server (such as webapps\ROOT\WEB-INF\classes for Tomcat).
Then you should be able to call it with a URL of
http://localhost:8080/servlet/MakeImage. The core code is
identical to that used previously in the tip, except that it's
now part of a servlet.
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

javax.servlet.*;
javax.servlet.http.*;
java.io.*;
java.awt.*;
java.awt.image.*;
com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*;
java.util.*;

public class MakeImage extends HttpServlet {

public void doGet(
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
// Create image
int width=200, height=200;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(
width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// Get drawing context
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
// Fill background
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

// Create random polygon

Polygon poly = new Polygon();
Random random = new Random();
for (int i=0; i < 20; i++) {
poly.addPoint(random.nextInt(width),
random.nextInt(height));
}
// Fill polygon
g.setColor(Color.cyan);
g.fillPolygon(poly);
// Dispose context
g.dispose();
// Send back image
ServletOutputStream sos =
response.getOutputStream();
JPEGImageEncoder encoder =
JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(sos);
encoder.encode(image);
}
}
In addition, if you are a Unix user running a web server on a
headless box, you might need Xvfb, which is a virtual frame buffer
X server, to emulate a display environment. See
http://java.sun.com/products/java-media/2D/forDevelopers/java2dfaq.html#xvfb
for more information about server-side support for working with
images.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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JDC Tech Tips
August 23, 2001
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