AUTOMATIC ACCIDENT DETECTION AND AMBULANCE RESCUE WITH INTELLIGENCE TRAFFIC SYSTEM

CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
There is loss of life due to the delay in the arrival of ambulance to the hospital in the
golden hour. This delay is mainly caused by the waiting of the ambulance in the traffic signals. It
would be of great use to the ambulance if the traffic signals in the path of the hospital are ON.
Thus we propose a new design for automatically controlling the traffic signals and achieving the
above mentioned task so that the ambulance would be able to cross all the traffic junctions
without waiting. Every traffic junction will have a controller controlling the traffic flow. The
traffic junctions are referred to as nodes and each node will have a GSM modem connected to the
controller. The nodes are controlled by a main server by sending the control messages to their
GSM modems. When a node is controlled and its traffic signal is made to be green for the
ambulance to pass through without waiting, it is said to be in ON STATE. For easy access the
server maintains a database for each node, and hence each node will have a unique id for
addressing it and its GPS co-ordinates are also stored in the database. Thus using these data the
ambulance is guided to the hospital by the server through the shortest route.

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CHAPTER -2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1. Traffic Accident Automatic Detection and Remote Alarm Device
BY:Wang Wei ; Coll. of Electr. Eng., Henan Univ. of Technol., Zhengzhou,
China ; Fan Hanbo
An automatic alarm device for traffic accidents is introduced in this paper. It can
automatically detect a traffic accident, search for the spot and then send the basic information to
first aid center within two seconds covering geographical coordinates, the time and
circumstances in which a traffic accident takes place. By means of satellite navigation system,
first aid rescuers can accurately locate the place with maximum error controlled by 10 meters, so
that they can save the injured people as soon as possible.

2.2. Develop Web GIS Based Intelligent Transportation Application Systems

with Web Service Technology
BY:Xiaolin Lu ; Coll. of Inf. Technol., Zhejiang Univ. of Finance & Econ.
The GIS Web service technology provides a new mechanism and an effective method to
develop next generation GIS system. This paper investigates the method to develop Web GIS
based ITS application systems with GIS Web service technology. Based on the OGC GIS Web
service framework and SOA architecture, a distributed and Web service enabled Web-GIS based
ITS application system is investigated. The GIS-T Web services are exposed and discovered in
the GIS-T Web service portal. Through GIS-T Web service, the hosted spatial data and GIS
functionalities can be accessed and integrated to the different customized ITS applications. The
GIS content and capabilities can be integrated into the customized ITS application systems for
sharing geographical information and data. ITS application systems can access GIS-T Web
services through Web protocols such as HTTP and XML without concern for how each service is
implemented. The GIS-T Web service is a promising architecture for implementation next
generation GIS-T information systems. It has very good promotion prospect and important value
for the system design and construction for various Web GIS based ITS application systems
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2.3. Traffic Signal Control by Using Traffic Congestion Prediction Based on

Pheromone Model
BY:Tawara, K. ; Dept. of Electr. Eng., Tokyo Univ. of Sci., Tokyo,
Japan ; Mukai, N.
Traffic congestion has been a long-held social problem because of the increasing number
of vehicles. In this paper, we apply a pheromone model to a traffic signal control in order to
alleviate the traffic congestion. The pheromone model is a tool to communicate among insects
(e.g., ants) for their crowd action. In our target problem, the pheromone is strewed by vehicles in
a trail across the road instead of insects, and the amount of pheromone corresponds to the degree
of traffic congestion. Moreover, the factors of traffic signals (i.e., cycle, split, and offset) are
controlled by the pheromone to reduce the idling time in front of traffic signals. We performed
multi-agent simulations to compare our traffic control method with other control methods. The
results show that our proposal method has good effects to the traffic congestion problem.

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CHAPTER -3
PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1.Comparison between existing and proposed system
Existing System
Nowadays the traffic police are manually
control the traffic signal.
In some places automatic traffic light is
used with auto timer technology.
Still the traffic is more and there is no
system to reduce the traffic.
Drawbacks of existing system
If there is no police in the signal traffic
collision will occur.
The timer technology not suits to all the

Proposed System
We are proposing this system to reduce the
traffic by monitoring the density of the
traffic using image capturing process.
The higher priority is given to the
ambulance and the ambulance is fixed
with RF transmitters.
Advantages of proposed system
The traffic clearance is based on density of
the traffic.
More importance given for ambulance.

traffics.
There is no priority for important vehicle

3.2. Working principle:

In the proposed system, if a vehicle has met accidents, the accident alert information with
GPS location will be send to the ambulance section with help of GSM modem. The accident
would detected by vibration sensor. And the ambulance section receives the accident location by
GSM modem attached in the ambulance section. After got the accident information the
ambulance will going to pick up the injured persons. Whenever ambulance arriving near to the
traffic signal, the signal will be automatically changed into the green. The ambulance arrived
information identified by traffic signal with help of RF wireless technology.
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CHAPTER-4
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION
4.1. Vehicle Unit:

Power Supply

GSM Modem
Vibration Sensor
PIC
Micro controller

MAX232

GPS

LCD

If a vehicle has met accident, vibration sensor or fire sensor gives the electric signal to
microcontroller through signal conditioner. Then GPS provides latitude and longitude
information about vehicle location to control section through GSM

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4.2. Ambulance Unit:

Power Supply
RF Transmitter

UART Control
HT12D Encoder

PIC
Micro controller
GSM Modem

LCD

In control section GSM modem recieves message about accident and ambulance is
instructed to pick up the patient. Control section transmit the control signal to all the signals in
between ambulance and vehicle by RF transmission.

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4.3Traffic light Section:

.

Power Supply

LCD

HT12D Decoder
PIC
Micro controller
RF Receiver

Traffic lights

Whenever the ambulance reaches near to the traffic signal(approximately 100m), the traffic
signal will be made to green, through RF communication. Thereby the ambulance is
recommended to reach the hospital in time.

4.4. Hardware requirement:

PIC 16F877Amicrocontroller
GPS module
RF transmitter and receiver
GSM Modem
Vibration Sensor
LCD

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4.5. Modules explanation

4.5.1. PIC 16F877A microcontroller
The PIC16F877A CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller is upward compatible with
the PIC16C5x, PIC12Cxxx and PIC16C7x devices. It features 200 ns instruction execution, 256
bytes of EEPROM data memory, self programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit
Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, 2 capture/compare/PWM functions, a synchronous serial port
that can be configured as either 3-wire SPI or 2-wire I2C bus, a USART, and a Parallel Slave
Port.
4.5.2. Vibration Sensor
The Vibration Sensor Detector is designed for the security practice When Vibration
Sensor Alarm recognizes movement or vibration, it sends a signal to either control panel
Developed a new type of omni-directional high sensitivity Security Vibration Detector with
omni-directional detection
4.5.3. GSM Modem
A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless
modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up
modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and
receives data through radio waves. The working of GSM modem is based on commands, the
commands always start with AT (which means Attention) and finish with a <CR> character. For
example, the dialing command is ATD<number>; ATD3314629080; here the dialing command
ends with semicolon.
The AT commands are given to the GSM modem with the help of PC or controller. The
GSM modem is serially interfaced with the controller with the help of MAX 232. Here max 232
acts as driver which converts TTL levels to the RS 232 levels. For serial interface GSM modem
requires the signal based on RS 232 levels. The T1_OUT and R1_IN pin of MAX 232 is
connected to the TX and RX pin of GSM modem.
4.5.4. GPS Reciever
GPS receiver calculates its position on earth based on the information it receives from
four located satellites. This system works pretty well, but inaccuracies do pop up. For one thing,
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this method assumes the radio signals will make their way through the atmosphere at a consistent
speed (the speed of light). In fact, the Earth's atmosphere slows the electromagnetic energy down
somewhat, particularly as it goes through the ionosphere and troposphere. The delay varies
depending on where you are on Earth, which means it's difficult to accurately factor this into the
distance calculations. Problems can also occur when radio signals bounce off large objects, such
as skyscrapers, giving a receiver the impression that a satellite is farther away than it actually is.
On top of all that, satellites sometimes just send out bad almanac data, misreporting their own
position.
4.5.5. RF Module
The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio Frequency. The corresponding
frequency range varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz.Signals through RF can travel through larger
distances making it suitable for long range applications.This RF module comprises of an RF
Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operates at a frequency
of 434 MHz. An RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it wirelessly through RF
through its antenna connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps 10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same frequency as
that of the transmitter.
The RF module is often used along with a pair of encoder/decoder. The encoder is used
for encoding parallel data for transmission feed while reception is decoded by a decoder. HT12EHT12D, etc. arecommonly used encoder/decoder pair ICs.

4.5.6. LCD Display

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two
registers, namely, Command and Data.The command register stores the command instructions
given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like
initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data
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register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character
to be displayed on the LCD.

CHAPTER- 5
CONCLUSION
In the first phase of project report, a novel idea is proposed for controlling the traffic
signals in favor of ambulances during the accidents. With this system the ambulance can be
manoeuvred from the accident spot to the hospital without time lag. The AARS can be proved to
be effectual to control not only ambulance but also authoritative vehicles. Thus AARS if
implemented in countries with large population like INDIA can produce better results. The
AARS is more accurate with no loss of time. But there may be a delay caused because of GSM
messages since it is a queue based technique, which can be reduced by giving more priority to
the messages communicated through the server.

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REFERENCES
[1]. Wang Wei, Fan Hanbo, Traffic Accident Automatic Detection and Remote Alarm Device
[2]. Zhaosheng Yang. Study on the schemes of traffic signal timing for Priority Vehicles Based
on Navigation System, 2000.
[3]. Xiaolin Lu, Develop Web GIS Based Intelligent Transportation Application Systems with
Web Service Technology, Proceedings of International Conference on ITS Telecommunications,
2006.
[4]. KatsunoriTawara, Naoto Mukai, Traffic Signal Control by using Traffic Congestion
Prediction based on Pheromone Model, Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Tools
with Artificial Intelligence, 2010.

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