GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing

Dimension: Is a geometric characteristic the

size of which is specified such as length, angle,
location, or center distance
Tolerance: On a dimension is the total
permissible variation in its size, which is equal
to the difference between the limits of size.

GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

DIMENSIONS OF A PART
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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

TOLERANCE SIZES
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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

TYPE OF TOLERANCE
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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

SIZES OF MATING PARTS

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Deviations

The difference between the basic size and the

maximum and minimum sizes are called the
UPPER & LOWER deviations.

The BASIC DIMENSION represents the

theoretical exact size or location of a feature.

GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

DEVIATIONS
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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

BASIC (EXACT) DIMENSIONS

Are shown in a rectangle to indicate that the tolerances in the general
tolerance note do not apply

Datum
A Datum is a theoretical exact feature from which dimensions
may be taken.
A Datum is generally chosen as an edge or feature which has
the greatest influence in a specific measurement.

GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

EXAMPLES OF DEVIATION OF FORM WHEN PERFECT FORM AT THE

MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION IS REQUIRED

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

EXAMPLES OF DEVIATION OF FORM WHEN PERFECT FORM AT THE

MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION IS REQUIRED

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Geometric Tolerance
A geometric tolerance is the maximum permissible
variation of form, profile, orientation, location, and
run-out from that indicated or specified on a
drawing.
Feature control frame for an individual feature is
divided into compartments containing, at the least,
the geometric tolerance symbol and the geometric
tolerance value

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Feature Control Frame

Geometric characteristic symbol

Geometric tolerance
Datums (if used)
Modifiers as required (*MMC for example)

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

FEATURE
INDIVIDUAL
FEATURES

TYPE OF
TOLERANCE CHARACTERISTIC

FORM

SYMBOL

STRAIGHTNESS

GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

FEATURE

TYPE OF CHARACTERISTIC
TOLERANCE

SUPPLEMENTARY
SYMBOLS

SYMBOL

MAXIMUM
MATERIAL
CONDITION

GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

FEATURE

TYPE OF CHARACTERISTIC
TOLERANCE

SUPPLEMENTARY
SYMBOLS

SYMBOL

LEAST
MATERIAL
CONDITION

GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

FEATURE

TYPE OF CHARACTERISTIC
TOLERANCE

SUPPLEMENTARY
SYMBOLS

SYMBOL

PROJECTED
TOLERANCE
ZONE

GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

FEATURE

TYPE OF CHARACTERISTIC
TOLERANCE

SUPPLEMENTARY
SYMBOLS

SYMBOL

BASIC
DIMENSION

GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

FEATURE

TYPE OF CHARACTERISTIC
TOLERANCE

SUPPLEMENTARY
SYMBOLS

SYMBOL

DATUM
FEATURE

GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING
FEATURE

TYPE OF
CHARACTERISTIC
TOLERANCE

SUPPLEMENTARY
SYMBOLS

SYMBOL

DATUM
TARGET

GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS

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Form Tolerances
Form tolerances control the straightness, flatness,
circularity and cylindricity.
Form tolerances apply to individual features and as
such do not require locating dimensions.

Orientation tolerances control angularity,

parallelism, and perpendicularity

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More on Form Tolerances

Straightness a condition in which the element

of a surface or a median line is a straight line.
Flatness of a surface is a condition in which all
surface elements are in one plane.

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

FEATURE CONTROL FRAME

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

ATTACHED
USING
A LEADER

APPLICATION OF FEATURE CONTROL FRAME

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MMC, RFS, LMC:

Applies to features subject to variations in size
MMC (Maximum Material Condition) is when a feature or
part is at the limit of size, which results in its containing the
maximum amount of material.
LMC (Least Material Condition) refers to the size of a feature
that results in the part containing the minimum amount of
material. Thus it is the minimum limit of size for an external
feature.

RFS (Regardless of feature size) indicates that a geometric

tolerance applies to any size of a feature that lies within its
size tolerance.
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Datum's and the 3-plane Concept

Datum is a theoretical point, line, plane, or

other geometric surface from which
dimensions are measured when so specified
or to which geometric tolerances are
referenced
Datum feature is a feature of a part, such as a
surface, that forms the basis for a datum or is
used to establish its location
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3-plane System

The three planes constitute a datum system

from which measurements can be taken. They
will appear on the drawing.

Datum feature symbol is used on the drawing

to identify these surfaces

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

THE DATUM PLANES

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

THE DATUM PLANES

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GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING

THE DATUM PLANES

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Orientation Tolerancing
Angularity, parallelism and perpendicularity are orientation
tolerances applicable to related features.
Angularity is the condition of a surface or axis at a
specified angle (other than 90or 0) from a datum plane
or axis.
Perpendicularity is the condition of a surface at 90 to a
datum plane or axis. *A perpendicularity tolerance for a
flat surface specifies a tolerance zone defined by two
parallel planes perpendicular to a datum plane or axis.
Parallelism is the condition of a surface equidistant at all
points from a datum plane. Parallelism for a flat surface
specifies a tolerance zone defined by two planes or lines
parallel to a datum plane or axis.

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Datum Targets
Datum target symbols are used to locate specific reference
positions to be used on large datum surfaces.
The surface of a feature may be so large that a gage designed
to make contact with the full surface may be too expensive or
cumbersome to use.
Functional requirements of the part may necessitate the use
of only a portion of a surface as a datum feature.

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