Economic Criteria
Depending on the situation, the economic
criterion will be one of the following :
Situation
Criterion
For fixed input
Maximize output
For fixed output
Minimize input
Neither input or
Maximize
output fixed
(output input)
Criterion
Fixed
input
Amount of money or
other input resources are
fixed
Fixed
output
Neither
input nor
output is
fixed
(Akhir) Tahun 1
31 Des 1 Jan
(Akhir) Tahun 2
31 Des
A
A
P
Pertengahan
Pertengahan
Tahun 1
Tahun 2
31 Des 1 Jan
30 Juni
30 Juni
A
Akhir Tahun 2
31 Des
PW of benefits
400
350
300
250
200
PW of benefits
2:
Three mutually exclusive investment alternatives for
implementing an office automation plan in an
engineering design firm are being considered. Each
alternative meets the same service (support)
requirements, but differences in capital investment
amounts and benefits (cost saving) exist among
them. The study periods 10 years, and the useful
lives af all three alternatives are also 10 years.
Market values of all alternatives are assumed to be
zero at the end of their useful lives. If the firms MARR
is 10% per year, which alternaitve should be selected
in view of the following etimates ?
11
Capital
investment
$390.000
$920.000
$660.000
Annual cost
savings
$69.000
167.000
133.500
Solution :
PWA = -$390.000 + $69.000 (P/A, 10%, 10) = $33,977
PWB = -$920.000 + $167.000 (P/A, 10%, 10) = $106,148
PWC = -$660.000 + $133.500 (P/A, 10%, 10) = $160,304
12
1:
A purchasing agent is considering the purchase
of some new equipment for the mailroom. Two
different manufacturers have provided quotations.
An analysis of the quotations indicates the
following :
Manufacturer Cost Useful life(year) salvage
value
Speedy
$ 1500
5
$ 200
Allied
$ 1600
10
$ 325
Assume 7% interest and equal maintenance
costs.
13
1500
1500
325
1600
14
15
2:
The following data have been estimated for two mutually
exclusive investment alternatives, A and B associated with a
small engineering project for which revenues as well as
expenses are involved. They have useful lives of four and six
years, respectively. If the MARR = 10% per year, show which
alternative is more desirable by using equivalent worth methods.
Use the repeatability assumption.
A
Capital Investment
$3.500
$5.000
1.255
1.480
0
16
Solution :
The least common multiple of the useful lives of
alternatives A and B is 12 years.
PWA = -$3.500 - $3.500 [(P/F,10%,4) + (P/F,10%,8)]
+ $1.255 (P/A,10%,12)
= $1.028
17
18
19
:
A city plans a pipeline to transport water from a distance
watershed area to the city. The pipeline will cost $8 million and
have an expected live of seventy years. The city anticipates it will
need to keep the water line in service indefinitely.
Compute the capitalized cost assuming 7% interest?
Solution :
Here we have renewals of the pipeline every seventy years
$ 8 juta
$ 8 juta
$ 8 juta
70 tahun
140 tahun
$ 8 juta
n=
20
A = F(A/F,i,n)
= $ 8 juta(A/F,7%,70)
= $ 8 juta( 0,00062) = $ 4960
Capitalized cost P = $ 8juta + A/i = $ 8juta +4960/0,07
= $ 8.071.000
21
:
An investor paid $8000 to a consulting firm to analyze
what he might do with a small parcel of land on the edge of town
that can be bought for $30.000. In their report, the consultants
suggested four alternatives :
Alternative
A: Do nothing
Total
investment
Annual
benefit
Terminal value at
end of 20 year
B: Vegetable Market
50000
5100
30000
C: Gas Station
95000
10500
30000
D:
Small Motel
350000
36000
Assuming
MARR is 10%, what
should the
investor do?
150000
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