One Story

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE
THE ONE
STORY OF
THE BIBLE
Arranged by: William J. Stewart
For other Bible based materials, visit:

lookinguntojesus.net
In this session, we will tell the entire story of the Bible in one sitting. As such, we will not
focus on every detail, but rather on the flow of the Bible story. We need to see that though
the Bible is a collection of 66 books with
a host of individual stories, it is also one
17 PERIODS OF BIBLE HISTORY
book, with one story.
In subsequent lessons, we will focus
1.
CREATION
more on the details, and yet move at an
2.
THE FLOOD
overview pace. We want to see the
3.
SCATTERINGS
consistent theme throughout Scripture of
4.
PATRIARCHS
5.
EXODUS
Gods concern for you and I.
6.
W ILDERNESS W ANDERINGS
We will use the 17 periods of Bible history
7.
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
as organized by Bob Waldron as a
8.
JUDGES
guideline and memory tool. This will
9.
UNITED KINGDOM
enable us to quickly summarize the story
10.
DIVIDED KINGDOM
11.
JUDAH ALONE
of the Bible in an easy to recall fashion.
12.
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
As time passes, we will add to the chart
13.
JUDAH RELEASED FROM CAPTIVITY
(see right), so as to help us also
14.
YEARS OF SILENCE
memorize what texts are associated with
15.
LIFE OF CHRIST
each period, main characters, dates, etc..
16.
EARLY CHURCH
17.
LETTERS TO CHRISTIANS
CREATION
Over and over, the Lord saw regarding

His creation that ...it was good... (Genesis 1:4, 10, 12, 18, 21, 25). But after the creation
of man, the crowning jewel of creation, the being created in Gods own image (Genesis
1:26-27), God concluded ...it was very good. (Genesis 1:31)
Genesis 1 is the chronological creation; Genesis 2 is the creation in relation to man.
God placed man in a garden, of which he could eat from every tree, except one which was
in the midst, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
Sin entered the world, man exited the garden. Man has struggled with sin since that time.
Cain rose up against his brother Abel (Genesis 4). The population of the earth grew, as
did mans wickedness upon the earth.
THE FLOOD
Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every
intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. (Genesis 6:5)
But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. (Genesis 6:8)
Noah built an ark, just as God commanded (according to the pattern). Thus Noah did;
according to all that God commanded him, so he did. (Genesis 6:22)
Flood waters prevail upon the earth, eight souls are saved through water.
God sets the rainbow in the sky as a sign of his covenant with man, never again to destroy
the world by a flood.
-1-
SCATTERINGS
Again, the population of the earth increased. Men decided to build a tower into the
heavens, to make a name for themselves (Genesis 11:4).
God confused the languages, and the people were dispersed over the face of the earth.
The place was called Babel (which would thereafter become the region of Babylon).
THREEFOLD PROMISE TO ABRAHAM
PATRIARCHS
Now
the LORD had said to Abram,
From among all the people of all the

Get out of your country, from your
nations, God called Abram (eventually
family and from your fathers house,
Abraham). A threefold promise was made
to a land that I will show you. I will
to Abraham, which becomes the hub of
make you a great nation; I will bless NATION
you and make your name great; and PROMISE
the entire Bible. The fulfilment of these
you shall be a blessing. I will bless
promises, especially the seed promise, is
those who bless you, and I will curse
paramount in Gods plan for man.
him who curses you; and in you all
SEED
Patriarchs are: Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

the families of the earth shall be
PROMISE
For the purpose of this study, we will also
blessed. (Genesis 12:1-3)
include Joseph, though generally it is
Then the LORD appeared to Abram
these three who are so classified. The
and said, To your descendants I will
LAND
story of Joseph closes out this patriarch
give this land. And there he built an
PROMISE
stage, and leads into the Exodus.
altar to the LORD, who had
Joseph was sold into slavery and endured

appeared to him. (Genesis 12:7)
much hardship in Egypt. It was all part of
Gods plan to preserve Jacob and his
family. Joseph said to his brothers, And God sent me before you to preserve a posterity
for you in the earth, and to save your lives by a great deliverance. So now it was not you
who sent me here, but God... (Genesis 45:7-8)
EXODUS
Israel became slaves in Egypt; God heard their cry and would deliver them.
Moses was sent to Pharaoh with the perpetual message, Let my people go.
It 10 plagues for Pharaoh to finally send the

Israelites away. Throughout the plagues,
Gods mighty and glory was displayed.
HUB PROMISE FULFILLED - NATION
Israel exited Egypt, crossed the Red Sea. A

And you shall answer and say before the LORD
cycle of complaint soon began as God led
your God: My father was a Syrian, about to
perish, and he went down to Egypt and dwelt
them away from Egypt to their new home.
there, few in number; and there he became a
A nation needs a law, so God brought Israel

n a tio n , g re a t, m igh ty, an d p o p u lo u s .
to Mount Sinai, where He would give then
(Deuteronomy 26:5)
His law.
-2-
WILDERNESS WANDERINGS
After leaving Mount Sinai, 12 spies were sent into the land of Canaan, one spy from each
tribe. Only two (Joshua and Caleb) came back with a favourable report. Israel listened to
the 10, and thus God determined that generation would not enter the land.
They would spend 40 years wandering in the wilderness, while that generation died off.
At the end of the wilderness wanderings, before entering the land, the law was given to the
next generation (Deuteronomy), spies were sent into the land (Jericho), and the new
generation of Israelites were circumcised, according to Gods covenant with them.
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
Israel mightily defeated Jericho, but met

defeat at Ai (Achan, lit. troubler).
Israel receive the land (Central, Southern,

Northern campaigns).
The land was divided up among the tribes

and settled.
HUB PROMISE FULFILLED - LAND

So the LORD gave to Israel all the land of which
He had sworn to give to their fathers, and they
took possession of it and dwelt in it. The LORD
gave them rest all around, according to all that
He had sworn to their fathers. And not a man of
all their enemies stood against them; the LORD
delivered all their enemies into their hand. Not
a word failed of any good thing which the LORD
had spoken to the house of Israel. All cam e to
pass. (Joshua 21:43-45)
JUDGES
A distinct pattern is visible through the book

of the Judges:
1) Israel is faithful to God;
2) Israel sins;
3) Israel is punished for their sin;
4) Israel is brought back to the Lord through one of the judges.
There are 15 judges in the Bible record, the first being Othniel, the last being Samuel.
Among the more well known are Deborah, Gideon, Samson, Eli and Samuel.
At the end of this period, Samuels sons are wicked leaders in Israel. The people, looking
at the nations about them, desire to have a king to rule over them.
UNITED KINGDOM
Saul is chosen by the people to reign as their king. His reign

SAUL....the peoples king
ends after 40 years, on the battlefield, where he killed himself.
DAVID...the LORDs king
David is chosen by God to replace Saul; in fact he had been

chosen well before Sauls monarchy came to an end. Perhaps
more is revealed to us about David than any other Bible
character (1 & 2 Samuel, 1 Chronicles & Psalms). David reigns over Israel 40 years.
After Davids death, his son Solomon receives the throne. Solomon is perhaps best known
for his great wisdom (1 Kings 3:5-28).
-3-
DIVIDED KINGDOM
After the death of Solomon, his son Rehoboam reigned in his stead. A servant from
Solomons house, Jeroboam led a revolt in the north, and became king of the northern
tribes (Israel). Jeroboam instituted places of worship in the north, contrary to the will of
God. Jeroboam reigned over Judah and Benjamin in the south, known as Judah.
Israel had 18 kings in their history. Among them, there were 0 good kings.
Judah had 19 kings and 1 queen in their history. Among them, there were 8 good kings.
God sent prophets among the people, calling them back to faithfulness. Prophets in the
time of the divided kingdom were: Obadiah, Joel, Jonah, Amos, Hosea, Isaiah and Micah.
JUDAH ALONE
Eventually Israels wickedness brought Gods wrath upon them; He would use another
nation (Assyria) to bring destruction upon His unfaithful people.
Among the prophet mentioned in the Divided Kingdom was Jonah. He was not sent to
Judah or Israel, but had been sent to the city of Nineveh. Recall, Jonah did not want to go,
and even attempted to flee in another direction from Nineveh. Why did Jonah not want to
go to Nineveh? It is the capital city of Assyria, the nation which God used to destroy Israel.
Prophets during the time when Judah was alone: Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah.
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
Like their northern counterparts, Judah

But they mocked the messengers of God, and
conducted themselves wickedly.
despised His words, and misused his prophets, until
Eventually their wickedness outlasted the
the wrath of the LORD arose against His people, till
Lords longsuffering with them, and they
there was no remedy. (2 Chronicles 36:16)
too were taken into captivity (by the
Babylonians).
Prophets during the time of Judahs captivity: Ezekiel, Daniel and Jeremiah.
Having spent 70 years captive, Judah was returned from their captivity. Coming back to
Jerusalem, the people began to rebuild the walls of the city, and the house of God.
We find in this time the events recorded by Nehemiah, Ezra and Esther.
Prophets during the time of Judahs return from captivity: Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.
YEARS OF SILENCE
For approximately 400 years, the Lord did

not bring new revelation to His people.
Some call this the intertestamental period.
Really, that is not an accurate description,
as the people were still under the Old
Covenant. It was simply an interlude
between the Old Testament and New
Testament revelation.
-4-
Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord God,

that I will send a famine on the land, not a famine
of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the
words of the LORD. They shall wander from sea
to sea, and from north to east; they shall run to
and fro, seeking the word of the LORD, but shall
not find it. (Amos 8:11-12)
LIFE OF CHRIST
Note how God closes out the Old Testament

7 Periods In The Life Of Christ
writings in Malachi 3:1; 4:5. Now, notice how He
1) YEARS OF PREPARATIOM
begins the New Testament writings in Mark 1:2 and
2) EARLY MINISTRY
Matthew 3:1. The Lord simply paused in the midst
3) GALILEAN MINISTRY
of the story for 400 years, and now picks up right
4) RETIREMENT MINISTRY
where it left off. It is as though He merely cleared
5) PEREAN MINISTRY
6) FINAL W EEK
His throat, and continues, ...now, as I was saying...
7) POST RESURRECTION
The four gospels record portions of the life of

Christ. John tells us there were many other
things which Jesus did, that are not recorded
HUB PROMISE FULFILLED - SEED
(John 20:30-31; 21:25), but what is written is
Now to Abraham and his Seed were the
so that we may believe.
promises made. He does not say, And to
EARLY CHURCH
The book of Acts records the beginning of the

Lords church, and gives a brief history of the
first 30 years of the work. The first portion of
the book primarily follows Peter, while the latter
portion addresses the ministry of Paul.
seeds, as of many, but as of one, And to your

Seed, who is Christ... And if you are Christs,
then you are Abrahams seed, and heirs
according to the promise. (Galatians 3:16, 29)
Romans through Revelation are all letters written to various Christians and churches.
When we read these, we are reading the mail which was delivered from the Bible writers
to Gods people, for instruction, admonition and encouragement.
-5-
In The Beginning God Created
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Genesis 1-2
Who was active in Creation? Certainly, we can say God,

and that is correct, but there are some details to notice.
1) The Spirit of God hovered over the earth (Genesis 1:2)
2) Jesus created (John 1:1-3; Colossians 1:16-17)
3) Gods speech acknowledges a plurality (Genesis 1:26)
4) Note His activity in creation (1:3, 6, 9, 11, 14, 20, 24, 26)
By the word of the LORD the heavens were made, and
all the host of them by the breath of His mouth.
(Psalm 33:6)
The days of creation:

Day 1 light, day and night (1:3-5)
Day 2 sky (1:6-8)
Day 3 dry land, grass, herbs and trees (1:9-13)
Day 4 sun, moon, stars (1:14-19)
Day 5 sea creatures and birds (1:20-23)
Day 6 beasts of the earth, creeping things, man (1:24-31)
Day 7 God rested (2:1-3)
Note the recurring sentiment regarding creation (1:4, 10, 12, 18, 21, 25). Once all was
finished, ...God saw everything that He had made, and indeed it was very good. (1:31)
How do we know creation was 6 literal days, and not millions of years, as some say?
1) So the evening and the morning were... (1:5, 8, 13, 19, 23, 31)
2) The plants of day 3 need the sun of day 4.
3) The Sabbath day rest was commanded in Moses law (Exodus 20:9-11; 31:17)
How is man in the image of God? As a spiritual being. This distinguishes man from every
other creature made on the face of the earth. We were
given an eternal spirit.
Is man still made in the image of God? Some argue that

only Adam and Eve were, and that since sin has entered
the world, and tainted the human race, that we are no
longer created in His image. Consider Ecclesiastes
7:29; Acts 17:28-29; 1 Corinthians 11:7; James 3:9.
Genesis 1 records the chronology of creation; Genesis

2 records creation in relation to man. Note that:
1) The ground awaited the creation of man, (2:5)
2) Eden was made for man (2:8, 15)
3) The trees of the garden were made for man (2:16-17)
4) The creatures were made for man (2:18-20)
5) Woman was made for man (2:21-25)
-6-
O LORD, our Lord, how excellent is Your

name in all the earth, who have set Your
glory above the heavens! Out of the mouth
of babes and nursing infants You have
ordained strength, because of Your
enemies, that You may silence the enemy
and the avenger. When I consider Your
heavens, the work of Your fingers, the
moon and the stars, which You have
ordained, what is man that You are mindful
of him, and the son of man that You visit
him? For You have made him a little lower
than the angels, and You have crowned him
with glory and honor. You have made him to
have dominion over the works of Your
hands; you have put all things under his
feet, all sheep and oxen even the beasts
of the field, the birds of the air, and the fish
of the sea that pass through the paths of
the seas. O LORD, our Lord, how excellent
is Your name in all the earth! (Psalm 8:1-9)
Through One Man Sin Entered The World

Genesis 3
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE TRANSGRESSION
Our first introduction to Satan. He appears as a serpent,

cunning (3:1), wise (Matthew 10:16), a liar (John 8:44)
1) Attempts to cause doubt (3:1b)
2) Once established, outright lie (3:4-5)
Note the reasoning which resulted

in Eve taking the fruit:
For all that is in the world
the lust of the flesh, the lust
1) ...good for food...
of the eyes, and the pride of
2) ...pleasant to the eyes...
life is not of the Father but
3) ...desirable to make one wise...
is of the world. (1 Jn 2:16)
Satan promised: ...eyes opened...

like God, knowing good and evil...
What happened? Their eyes were opened, but they did not become like God. They not
only knew evil, they had engaged in it. They lost their innocence (3:7), and in its place
was fear and shame (3:8).
Blame game! Adam blamed the woman and God (3:12); Eve blamed the serpent (3:13).
THE PUNISHMENTS
MESSIANIC
Serpent lowly stature; enmity between seed of the serpent and the woman. PROPHECY!
Woman pains in childbearing; role of submission to husband.
Man curse upon the ground, it would not be easily tended; hard labour; physical death.
3:22 is an intriguing text, as the Godhead contemplates what took place. Access to the tree
of life was cut off. Where is it now? (Rev 2:7; 22:2, 14).
MISCELLANEOUS THOUGHTS
Sin destroyed mans relationship with God. He once walked with God, but after he sinned,
he was driven out of the garden (Isa 59:1-2).
Why do we sin? (Jms 1:13-15)
Can we overcome sin? (1 Co 10:13)
Were we born sinful because of Adams sin? (Ro 5:12; Eze 18:20)
Consider how the Bible speak of and defines sin:

1) Sins of commission (1 Jn 3:4). Sin occurs when we break a law. It is the result of
personal action, not inheritance. What law has a newborn child violated?
2) Sins of omission (Jms 4:17). Sin occurs when we do not do what we should. It is the
result of personal inaction, not inheritance. What good does a newborn child know to
do and not do?
On the issue of modesty, notice that Adam and Eve made garments for themselves (3:7),
but that God thereafter clothed them (3:21). The coverings Adam and Eve made failed to
clothe them sufficiently.
-7-
The Offspring of Adam

Genesis 4-5
CAIN AND ABEL BRING OFFERINGS
Cain brought a gratitude offering (Pr 3:9-10), as did Abel

(see YLT). Abel also brought a sin offering (see Heb 11:4).
...Cain bringeth from the fruit of the ground a present to Jehovah; and
Abel, he hath brought, he also, from the female firstlings of his flock,
even from their fat ones... (Gen 3:3-4, YLT)
We cannot approach God acceptably without atonement.
HIS COUNTENANCE FELL
Cains failing resulted in anger and

discontent with both his brother and the Lord.
Cain did not do well. He failed to recognize

his sin, and thus, allowed sin to rule him.
Why did Cain kill Abel?
As God gave Adam and Eve opportunity to

confess, so He does with Cain; but he lied
and claimed no responsibility.
Abels blood testified of Cains wickedness

(4:10); his sacrifices witnessed to his own
righteousness (Heb 11:4)
God justly punished Cain, and yet amidst his

punishment, we also see mercy (4:11-15)
If you do well, will you not be accepted? And if you

do not do well, sin lies at the door. And its desire
is for you, but you should rule over it. (Gen 3:7)
For this is the message that you heard from the

beginning, that we should love one another, not as
Cain who was of the wicked one and murdered his
brother. And why did he murder him? Because his
works were evil and his brothers righteous. (1 Jn
3:11-12)
CAINS DESCENDANTS
Cain Enoch Irad Mehujael Methushael Lamech.
Lamech is the first reported case of polygamy in Scripture.
Genesis is a book of beginnings. Consider Lamechs children:

Jabal, the father of those who dwell in tents and have livestock;
Jubal, the father of those who play the harp and flute;
Tubal-Cain, an instructor of craftsmen in bronze and iron.
He killed a man, apparently in self-defence. Is 4:24 confidence

in divine protection, or mockery of divine mercy?
ADAMS DESCENDANTS, VIA SETH
Recall the Messianic prophecy of 3:15? It

would have been fulfilled through the seed
of Abel, had Cain not killed him. But now,
God appoints another, Seth.
Adam was created in the likeness of God

(5:1); Seth was born in the likeness of
Adam (5:3).
Lamech spoke by the Spirit of things which

would be accomplished through Noah
(5:29; 8:21; 9:3)
-8-
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
...of the passages where

polygamy is reported, often in
the same context we find the
results of such relationships,
namely, jealousy, strife and
turmoil. Not once is an
instance of polygamous
relati on s in th e Bible
accompanied by happiness
and blessings.
(www.lookinguntojesus.net)
MESSIANIC
PROPHECY!
M en began to call on the name of the LORD.

There are varying view on this text. Briefly:
1. There was a heightened awareness and
devotion to worship God in the days of
Enosh;
2. The faithful were distinguished from the
unfaithful (ie. called by the nam e of the Lord);
3. They began to call on Gods nam e profanely
(ie. this was the beginning of idolatry).
THE GENERATIONS OF MAN

From Adam to Joseph
NOTE E is used to indicate the passage of time from the days when Adam and Eve were in the garden of Eden.
NAM E
YEAR BORN
AGE AT
OFFSPRING
AGE AT DEATH
YEAR OF DEATH
Adam
0 E / 4004 BC
130
930
930 E / 3074 BC
Seth
130 E / 3874 BC
105
912
1042 E / 2962 BC
Enosh
235 E / 3769 BC
90
905
1140 E / 2864 BC
Cainan
325 E / 3679 BC
70
910
1235 E / 2769 BC
Mahalalel
395 E / 3609 BC
65
895
1290 E / 2717 BC
Jared
460 E / 3544 BC
162
962
1422 E / 2582 BC
Enoch
622 E / 3382 BC
65
365
* 987 E / 3017 BC
Methuselah
687 E / 3317 BC
187
969
1656 E / 2348 BC
Lam ech
874 E / 3130 BC
182
777
1651 E / 2353 BC
Noah
1056 E / 2948 BC
502
950
2006 E / 1998 BC
THE FLOOD
THE FLOOD BEGAN IN THE YEAR 1656 E / 2348 BC.
Shem
1558 E / 2446 BC
100
600
2158 E / 1846 BC
Arphaxad
1658 E / 2346 BC
35
438
2096 E / 1908 BC
Salah
1693 E / 2311 BC
30
433
2126 E / 1878 BC
Eber
1723 E / 2281 BC
34
464
2187 E / 1817 BC
Peleg
1757 E / 2247 BC
30
239
1996 E / 2008 BC
Reu
1787 E / 2217 BC
32
239
2026 E / 1978 BC
Serug
1819 E / 2185 BC
30
230
2049 E / 1955 BC
Nahor
1849 E / 2155 BC
29
148
1997 E / 2007 BC
Terah
1878 E / 2126 BC
70
205
2083 E / 1921 BC
Abram
1948 E / 2056 BC
100
175
2123 E / 1881 BC
Isaac
2048 E / 1956 BC
60
180
2228 E / 1776 BC
Jacob
2108 E / 1896 BC
??
147
2255 E / 1749 BC
Joseph
??
??
110
??
* Enoch did not die. He was taken by the Lord.
-9-
The Flood
Genesis 6-9
MEN BEGAN TO MULTIPLY ON THE EARTH
Two possibilities for the sons of God / daughters of men:

1. Sons of God refers to angelic beings; daughters of men
refers to women (cf. Job 1:6; 2:1);
2. Sons of God refers to those who are faithful to the Lord;
daughters of men refers to the women of those who were not
faithful (cf. Gen 4:26; Mt 5:9; Lk 20:36; Ro 8:14; Gal 3:26).
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
NOAH AND HIS ARK
God chose to destroy humanity because of their

wickedness (6:5, 11), but Noah found grace in the eyes of
the LORD, for he walked with God (6:8-9).
Specifications:
Thus Noah did; according to all that God
made of gopherwood
commanded him, so he did (6:22)
300 x 50 x 30 cubits (150 x 25 x 15 yds)
And Noah did according to all that the
a window, 1 ft from the top
LORD commanded him. (7:5)
a door in the side of the ark
3 levels in the ship
Noah, his sons, his wife, his sons wives and 2 of every living creature would be kept safe
from destruction in the ark.
Rain prevailed forty days and night. Waters prevailed on the earth 150 days. Noah and his
family were in the ark for 1 year and 17 days (Gen 7:1-4, 11; 8:14)
PROMISES OF GOD SURROUNDING THE FLOOD
Never again to curse the ground for mans sake (Gen 8:21)
Every moving thing shall be for food (Gen 9:1-4)
Never again to destroy all flesh by a flood (Gen 9:11-15)

NOTE (Gen 9:5-6) The Lord placed into effect the death penalty for m urder when Noah and his fam ily exited the
ark. Prior to the flood, the earth was filled with violence. God instituted a m eans whereby m en m ight govern
them selves in this regard. The im plem entation of a death penalty necessitates governm ent of som e form .
-10-
The Tower Of Babel

Genesis 10-11
GENEALOGIES OF NOAHS SONS
From Japheth came the coastland peoples (10:5). That is,

those where by you must go by sea to reach (ie. Spain,
Italy, Greece, Europe in general);
From Ham came the inhabitants of Babylon, Assyria,

Philistia and the Canaanite nations (10:10, 11, 14, 18);
From Shem came those who dwelt in the region of

Mesopotamia (10:30). From this line, came the Jews.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
GOD SEPARATES THE PEOPLE
Before the divisions which are set above, all the people of
the earth had a single language, and dwelt in close proximity to one another.
The people sought to make a great tower, ...whose top is in the heavens; let us make a
name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth. (11:4)
The Lord confused their languages, and scattered them abroad.
The tower was named Babel, for the Lord caused a great babel there.
ABRAHAMS LINEAGE
See The Generations of Man chart...
We are here introduced to Abram and Sarai (eventually, Abraham and Sarah).
-11-
Abraham & Sarah

Genesis 12-25
CALL OF AND PROMISES TO ABRAM
Why did God call Abram away from his country, family and
fathers house? God wants His people to be separate from
the wicked (ie. Israel in Egypt, ...Canaan, 2 Co 6:14-18).
Threefold promise:
Now the LORD had said to Abram , Get out of your country, from your
fam ily and from your fathers house, to a land that I will show you. I will
make you a great nation; I will bless you and m ake your nam e great;
and you shall be a blessing. I will bless those wh bless you, and I will
curse him who curses you; and in you all the fam ilies of the earth
shall be blessed. ...Then the LORD appeared to Abram and said, To
your descendants I w ill give this land. And there he built an altar to
the LORD, who had appeared to him . (Genesis 12:1-3, 7)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
- 1 - Nation promise
- 2 - Seed promise
- 3 - Land promise
At age 75, Abram sets out, with Sarai his wife, and Lot his nephew.
EVENTS IN THE LIFE OF ABRAM

But indeed, she is truly my sister. She is the
She Is My Sister (Gen 12, 20) - Abram went

daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my
south to Egypt, because of a famine. He
mother; and she became my wife. (20:12)
asked Sarai to say that she was his sister,
for he feared for his life. The same occurred
when Abram sojourned in Gerar, ruled by Abimelech (Gen 20).
Abram And Lot Part (Gen 13) - The land

ABRAHAM S ALTARS
could not support them together, so to
Abraham regularly build altars to the LORD. Note
settle any disputes or strife, Abram
the altars of Abram :
!
at Shechem (Gen 12:7)
suggested they part ways. He gave Lot the
!
between Bethel & Ai (Gen 12:8)
choice of the land. He chose the fertile
!
again between Bethel & Ai (Gen 13:4)
land in the plains of Jordan (where Sodom
!
the plain of Mam re, in Hebron (Gen 13:18)
and Gomorrah were). Lot placed both
!
on the m ount, to sacrifice Isaac (Gen 22:9)
himself and his family in danger, as he
...pitched his tent even as far as Sodom.
(13:12) We must be careful not to pitch our tents close to Sodom (sin).
Abram Saves Lot (Gen 14) - A war among

M elch (king) zedek (righteousness)
the kings of the land forced the people of
For this Melchizedek, king of Salam, priest of the
Sodom and Gomorrah to flee to the
Most High God, who met Abraham returning from
mountains. They took Lot with them.
the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, to
whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all, first
Abram gathered together his troops and
being translated king of righteousness, and then
freed Lot, the Sodomites and all their
also king of Salem, meaning king of peace,
goods. Returning from the battle, Abram
without father, without mother, without genealogy,
met the king of Salam, Melchizedek, who
having neither beginning of days nor end of life,
was also a priest of God. Abram paid a
but made like the Son of God, remains a priest
tithe to Melchizedek.
continually. Now consider how great this man was,
to whom even the patriarch Abraham gave a tenth
of the spoils. (Heb 7:1-4)
-12-
Abrams Vision (Gen 15) - Two promises

And he believed in the LORD, and He accounted
were confirmed to Abram in a vision, 1)
it to him for righteousness (Gen 15:6)
that he would have an heir from his own
Abram exhibited an obedient and active faith, and
body, 2) that his descendants would inherit
was thus considered righteous in Gods sight.
the land. The bondage which Gods people
would endure is foretold (v 13-16), and the
eventual coming forth to receive the land.
Hagar & Ishmael (Gen 16) - God had
THE ANGEL OF THE LORD
promised a son, but Sarai remained
This is the first reference to the ANGEL OF THE LORD,
barren. She took matters into her own
but certainly not the last. A thorough study of
Scripture will dem onstrate that this is the prehand, giving her Egyptian maid to Abram
incarnate Christ. Hagar certainly understood who it
as a wife. She conceived, and thereafter,
was that had appeared to her (Gen 16:13). For
relations were strained, to the point that
m ore, see the supplem ental notes.
Hagar fled. The ANGEL OF THE LORD
spoke with Hagar, and told her to return
and submit to Sarai. It was revealed that she would bear a son and name him Ishmael,.
Gods Promise & Covenant (Gen 17)
He who is born in your house and he who is bought
Abram (which means father), is told that
with your money must be circumcised, and My
he will be the father of many nations
covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting
covenant. And the uncircumcised male child, who
(Abraham). Again, God confirms the land
is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that
promise to Abraham. As a covenant,
person shall be cut off from his people; he has
identifying Abrahams offspring as Gods
broken My covenant. (Gen 17:13-14)
people, God instituted the practice of
circumcision.
Three Angels Come to Abraham (Gen 18)
Is anything too hard for the LORD? (Gen 18:14)
Three men come to Abraham, and he
quickly cares for their needs. Who are
they? Two angels, who would leave and go
to Sodom, and the ANGEL OF THE LORD. The Lord promised a son through Sarah, in
a years time. Sarah, hearing it laughed, for she was beyond the age of childbearing.
The two angels leave for Sodom, but the
ABRAHAM S NEGOTIATION FOR SODOM
Lord remained with Abraham, telling him of
Suppose there were fifty righteous...
His plan to destroy the city. Abraham
Suppose there were five less than fifty...
Suppose there should be forty found there...
negotiates on behalf of Sodom, Would
Suppose thirty should be found...
You also destroy the righteous with the
Suppose twenty should be found there...
wicked? Not even ten righteous were
Suppose ten should be found there....
found in the city.
The Destruction Of Sodom (Gen 19) - The
angels came to Lot and shortly thereafter
were surrounded by all the men of the city, who wanted to know them carnally. Lot is told
to gather together his family to depart the city. Eventually, to save him from the destruction,
the angels grab him and his family by the hand and lead them away from the city. They are
commanded to flee to the mountains (though Lot bargained to go to a nearby city, 19:20),
and not to look back. Lots wife looked back, and was turned to a pillar of salt.
In the end, Lot went into the mountains anyway, fearing for his life in the city. His daughters
conspired to get their father drunk, that he might sleep with them, so that they might have
children. The children born to his daughters would become the father of the Moabite
people, and of the people of Ammon.
-13-
Abraham & Abimelech (Gen 20) - Same type of events as in chapter 12, when Abraham
and Sarah went to Egypt. Sarah posed as the sister of Abraham, not his wife.
The Son Of Promise (Gen 21) - In their old age, Abraham (100) and Sarah (90) had a son,
as promised by the Lord. His name, Isaac, means laughter (21:6; 18:12-15). He was
circumcised, according to Gods covenant with Abraham.
A feast was given on the day that Isaac was weaned. Sarah saw Ishmael scoffing, and
requested that Abraham cast Hagar and Ishmael out. He does so, reminded by the Lord
that Isaac was the son of promise, not Ishmael. In the wilderness, God promised Hagar
that He would make Ishmael into a great nation (Ishmaelites).
A Test Of Faith (Gen 22) - Having given
W hy did God ask this of Abraham ?
the son of promise, God now asks
Do not lay your hand on the lad, or do anything to
Abraham to sacrifice him to the Lord. The
him; for now I know that you fear God, since you
have not withheld your son, your only son, from
place of sacrifice was a great distance
Me. (Gen 22:12)
away, allowing him plenty of time to doubt,
How could Abraham do this?
ask why, etc.. Abraham simply obeyed the
By faith Abraham, when he was tested, offered up
voice of the Lord. Isaac asked about the
Isaac, and he who had received the promises
sacrifice, Abraham responded, God will
offered up his only begotten son, of whom it was
provide for Himself a lamb... He built the
said, In Isaac your seed shall be called,
concluding that God was able to raise him up,
altar, bound his son, and laid him upon the
even from the dead, from which he also received
altar. And God stopped him.
him in a figurative sense. (Heb 11:17-19)
This test of Abrahams faith serves as a
figure of Gods own love for us.
Sarahs Death & Burial (Gen 23) - At age
127, Sarah died. Abraham purchased a cave in Machpelah to use as a burial site.
A Bride For Isaac (Gen 24) - Abraham did not want a bride for Isaac from the women of
the land, but rather from his own people. His chief servant journeyed to Mesopotamia to
find a wife for Isaac. He sought Gods
guidance, asking for a sign. Before hed
Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said, The
even finished speaking to the Lord about
thing comes from the LORD; we cannot speak to you
the sign, Rebekah came and did exactly
either bad or good. Here is Rebekah before you;
as the servant had prayed to happen. At
take her and go, and let her be your masters sons
Rebekahs home, the servant recounts
wife, as the LORD has spoken. (Gen 24:50-51)
the events, and asks if they will deal
kindly with his master, or if he should
continue on his mission.
Abrahams New Wife & His Death (Gen 25) - After Sarahs death, Abraham married a
woman named Keturah. She bore 6 sons to him. These sons, when they were of age, were
given gifts, and sent eastward, away from Isaac. Thereafter, Abraham (175) died, and was
buried along side Sarah, in the cave of Machpelah.
-14-
Isaac & Jacob
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Genesis 25-36
THE LIFE OF ISAAC
At age 40, Isaac took Rebekah as wife, but she was barren
for the first 20 years of their marriage (Gen 25:20-21).
Rebekah gave birth to twin boys, Esau (lit. hairy) and Jacob
(lit. supplanter, deceitful). Isaac loved Esau more than
Jacob, and Rebekah loved Jacob more than Esau.
As in Abrahams day, a famine came upon the land. Isaac

went to Gerar, where Abimelech reigned (Gen 26:1-3).
The threefold promise is passed on to Isaac (Gen 26:4):

NATION PROMISE: ...I will make your descendants
multiply as the stars of heaven...
LAND PROMISE: ...I will give to your descendants all these lands...
SEED PROMISE: ...and in your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed...
As Abraham spoke of Sarah as his sister while in Gerar, so Isaac spoke of Rebekah as his
sister while among the Philistines (Gen 26:7-8). Still, we see a sense of morality among
the people of the land (Gen 26:9-11).
Isaac was very prosperous in the land, and became envied by the Philistines, who stopped
up his wells. Abimelech sent Isaac away (Gen 26:16), but afterward sought a covenant
with Isaac (Gen 26:28-29).
Very little else is mentioned about Isaac. He dies at age 180 (Gen 35:28-29).
THE LIFE OF JACOB
The Birthright
His Early Years
The firstborn son had special
Though both the birthright and the blessing from their

privileges and advantages. He was to
becom e head am ongst his brethren,
father were rightfully Esaus, Jacob managed to
inheriting the judicial authority of his
secure both for himself. Esau, wearied from being in
father. He would also be given a
the field, despised his birthright, trading it to Jacob for
double portion of the inheritance.
a bowl of stew (Gen 25:29-34).
Isaac determined it was time to pronounce a blessing

on his eldest son Esau. Rebekah, hearing Isaacs
instructions to Esau, conspired to secure the blessing for Jacob. She prepared a savory
meal, covered Jacob with goat skin (to imitate Esaus hair) and put Esaus clothing on him.
Thus, Jacob approached his father and stole his brothers blessing (Gen 27:1-40).
Isaac tests Jacob
Isaac blesses Jacob
Questions the speed of the kill (27:20)

Touches his hands (27:21-22)
A direct question, Are you Esau? (27:24)
The sm ell of Esau (27:26-27)
physical blessings (27:28)

people would serve him (27:29)
m aster over his brethren (27:29)
cursed are those who curse you (27:29)
Esau planned to kill Jacob after Isaacs passing (Gen 27:41). Jacob flees to the house of
Laban (Rebekahs brother) for ...a few days... Those few days turned into 20 years.
-15-
20 Years In Labans House

Jacobs Ladder, Jesus Christ
On his way to Haran, Jacob was given a dream

And He said, Most assuredly, I say to you,
of a ladder reaching from the earth to the
hereafter you shall see heaven open, and the
angels of God ascending and descending upon
heavens, and angels of God ascending and
the Son of Man. (Jn 1:51)
descending upon it. There, the Lord spoke to
Jacob, extending the promise given to Abraham
and Isaac (Gen 28:13-14).
LAND PROMISE: ...the land on which you lie I will give to you and your descendants...
NATION PROMISE: ...your descendants shall be as the dust of the earth...
SEED PROMISE: ...in you and in your seed all the families of the earth shall be blessed.
The place where this was revealed to Jacob, he named Bethel (lit. house of God).
Coming to Haran, Jacob immediately meets Rachel,

So Jacob serves seven years
Labans daughter. He is welcomed into the house of Laban.
for Rachel, and they seemed
He works a month in Labans house, and is asked what he
only a few days to him
because of the love he had for
would like as compensation. Jacob proposes that he will
her. (Gen 29:20)
work an additional seven years, and in exchange, he would
receive Rachel as his wife.
Seven years later, Laban deals deceitfully with Jacob,

sending Leah in to Jacob rather than Rachel. It is not until the next morning that Jacob
realizes that it was not Rachel. Hmmm. How could he not know until the next morning?
Laban justified his action; it was not proper

This polygam ous relationship was filled with
for the younger to marry first. Jacob would
troubles. Jacob loved Rachel m ore than Leah.
be given Rachel after a week, but would
Rachel and Leah were envious of one another.
They even began bargaining for Jacobs attention.
serve seven more years for her (Gen 29).
When all was done, Jacob had 4 wives;

Rachel and her maid Bilhah, and Leah and
her maid Zilpah. From these, he would eventually have 13 children (listed below).
First from LEAH:
Then from LEAH:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Reuben (lit. hated)

Sim eon (lit. heard)
Levi (lit. attached)
Judah (lit. praised)
(9) Issachar (lit. wages)

(10) Zebulun (lit. dwelling)
(11) Dinah (lit. judgm ent)
Then from RACHEL:
Then from BILHAH:
(12) Joseph (lit. He will add)

(13) Benjam in (lit. son of the right hand)
(5) Dan (lit. judge)

(6) Naphtali (lit. m y wrestling)
NOTE, Benjamin was originally named Ben-Oni (lit.

son of my sorrow), but Jacob changed his name.
Rachel died while giving birth to Benjamin.
Then from ZILPAH:

(7) Gad (lit. troop, fortune)
(8) Asher (lit. happy)
Jacob wants to leave Haran and return to his the land of Canaan. Laban is not so willing.
He had been richly blessed by the Lord, and realized it was because of Jacobs presence.
Jacob agrees with Laban that the spotted and speckled born in the flock would become
his, and the rest would remain Labans. As a result, Jacobs flock became strong, and
Labans became weak (Gen 30:25-43).
Jacob departed Labans house, according to the commandment of God (Gen 31:11-13).
Before leaving, Rachel stole some of the household idols from her fathers house. Laban
pursued them, but before overtaking them, was warned by God, Be careful that you speak
to Jacob neither good nor bad. (Gen 31:24). Consider the possessive nature of Laban
(Gen 31:28, 43). He searched for the idols, but did not find them.
-16-
Return to Canaan
As he returned to Canaan, Jacob sent messengers ahead to speak with Esau. The
message begins, ...Thus your servant Jacob says... The messenger returned, reporting
that Esau was coming to meet him, and had 400 men with him. Jacob, fearing his brother,
breaks his family into two companies before they come near to Esau. Gifts are prepared
and sent ahead for Esau:
1) 200 female goats, 20 male goats,
2) 200 ewes, 20 rams,
3) 30 milk camels with colts,
4) 40 cows, 10 bulls,
5) 20 female donkeys, and 10 foals.
His family having gone ahead of him, Jacob wrestles with a Man until daybreak. The text
reveals that this is the Lord (Gen 32:28). Perhaps this served as a test for Jacob. Before
the Lord left, He changed Jacobs name to Israel (prince with God).
Though Jacobs expectation was that Esau would attack, Esau embraced his brother,
kissed him and wept (Gen 33:4).
In Canaan, Dinah, Jacobs daughter is raped by Shechem, the son of Hamor. He sought
to have her as a wife. Jacobs sons reason that it would not be fitting to give their sister to
one who was uncircumcised, but that if every male with Shechem became circumcised,
they would consent to giving him Dinah. The men of the city agree, and three days later,
while all were still in pain, Simeon and Levi killed all the males of the city, plundered their
goods, and took the little ones and women captive (Gen 34).
Interaction with the people of the land had

And Jacob said to his household and to all
caused Jacobs family to defile themselves.
who were with him , Put away the foreign
Jacob calls his sons to purify themselves, for
gods that are among you, purify yourselves,
and change your garments. Then let us arise
they are to go to Bethel to appear before God.
and go up to Bethel; and I will make an altar
Journeying from Bethel to Ephrath

there to God, who answered me in the day of
(Bethlehem), Rachel began labour with
my distress and has been with me in the way
Benjamin. She died giving birth to the child.
which I have gone. (Gen 35:2-3)
More is revealed about Jacob in Scripture, but

it is better left for our next study, which will
primarily deal with Joseph, Jacobs son. Eventually, Jacob would die in the land of Egypt,
at age 147. For his burial, he was taken to the cave of Machpelah, where Abraham and
Sarah, Isaac and Rebekah, and Leah had been buried (Gen 49:29-33; 50:7-14)
-17-
Joseph
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Genesis 37-50
JOSEPHS EARLY YEARS

Josephs Elevation Above His Brethren (ch. 37)
As his father showed partiality to Esau, Jacob grew to show

partiality among his sons, favouring Joseph over the rest.
Joseph received a coat of many colours, distinguishing him
from the others, causing indignation among his brothers.
Joseph shared with his brothers 2 dreams:

1. In the field, his brothers sheaves bowed before his.
2. The sun, moon and eleven stars bowed before him.
Though his dreams would eventually come true, it seems

as though he flaunts them before his brothers.
Joseph Sold Into Egypt (ch. 37)
Jacob sent Joseph to check on his brothers, and as he approached, they conspired against
him to kill him. Reuben, the eldest, sought to save Joseph, suggesting that they merely
cast him into a pit. Judah saw an opportunity as a company of Ishmaelites passed by. They
sold Joseph as a slave. These travellers would eventually sell Joseph to Potiphar, an
officer of Pharaoh. Joseph was 17 years old.
Josephs brothers dipped his tunic in goats blood, and took it to Jacob. Note, they did not
lie in word, but allowed Jacob to draw his own conclusions.
JUDAH: A BRIEF INTERLUDE (ch. 38)
Judah had 3 children; Er, Onan and Shelah. The eldest, Er, has married a wife (Tamar).
Er was found to be wicked before the Lord, and thus the Lord killed him. Custom
demanded that Onan marry Tamar, and raise an heir to his brother. He did not want to do
so, and he also was killed by the Lord.
Judah promised his youngest son to Tamar when he was grown, but failed to keep his
word. Seeing this, Tamar dressed herself as a harlot and sat along the road to Timnah,
where Judah passed by. He stopped and sought to be with her, unaware who she was. As
guarantee of payment, he left his signet, cord and staff.
When word came later to Judah that Tamar had played the harlot, he commanded that she
be burned. In her own defense, she produced Judahs signet, cord and staff.
Twin sons (Perez and Zerah) were born to Tamar by Judah.

JOSEPH IN EGYPT
Look, my master does not know what is with me in the
Successful In Potiphars House (ch. 39)
house, and he has committed all that he has to my
hand. There is no one greater in this house than I, nor
Potiphar quickly saw that Joseph was blessed of

has he kept back anything from me but you, because
the Lord, and placed all that was in his house,
you are his wife. How then can I do this great
wickedness, and sin against God? (Genesis 39:8-9)
save his wife, in Josephs control. He trusted
Joseph such that ...he did not know what he
had except for the bread which he ate. (39:6).
Potiphars wife sought to lie with Joseph, but he refused. She pursued him, and on one
occasion, grabbed his garments and insisted he lie with her. He fled from her, leaving his
garment behind. With this garment, she testified falsely against him, and Joseph was
imprisoned.
-18-
Successful In Prison (ch. 40-41)
Though being in prison, the Lord continued to bless Joseph. He was favoured by the jail
keeper, and was placed in charge of all the prisoners. As in Potiphars house, so it
happened in prison, that the Lord prospered all that Joseph did.
Pharaohs chief butler and chief baker were both cast into prison, and each man had a
dream. Joseph was given the interpretation of the two dreams.
Chief Butler: 3 branches in a vine, blossoming greatly. And
JOSEPH TO THE BUTLER:
But remember me when it is
he pressed them and gave Pharaohs cup to him.
well with you, and please show
Interpretation: In 3 days Pharaoh will restore you
kindness to me; make mention
of me to Pharaoh, and get me
to your position.
out of this house. (Gen 40:14)
Chief Baker: 3 white baskets on his head with baked goods
in them. Birds came and ate the baked goods
from the baskets.
Interpretation: In 3 days Pharaoh will have your head cut off.
On the 3rd day, at Pharaohs birthday, it happened just as Joseph had said, but the butler
did not remember Joseph.
Success In Egypt (ch. 41)
Dream # 1:
Standing by a river, seven healthy cows rise from the river
After two years, Pharaoh had a couple of

and graze in the meadow. Seven more cows, ugly and
dreams, and no one could give the
gaunt rose from the river and stood beside the seven
healthy cattle. The ugly and gaunt cows ate the healthy
interpretation. Then, the butler remembered
ones.
Joseph, and he was brought to Pharaoh.
Dream # 2:
Seven heads of fine grain rose up on a stalk. Then, seven
Joseph gives glory to God regarding his

thin heads devoured the seven plump.
ability to interpret dreams. Pharaohs
dreams are one, seven good years would be
I am Pharaoh, and without your consent no man may
followed by seven years of famine.
lift his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt. (Gen 41:44)
Following the interpretation, Joseph advised

Pharaoh on what action should be taken, so as
to have food available during the years of
famine. Pharaoh selects Joseph to be over all the land of Egypt. Joseph was 30 years old.
JOSEPH REUNITED WITH HIS FAMILY
Josephs Brothers Come To Egypt (ch. 42)
Jacob sent his sons to Egypt, that they might buy food for the family. All but Benjamin
went, Jacob reasoning, Lest some calamity befall him. (42:4)
In Egypt, his brothers come and bow before him. Remember the first dream!!
Joseph withholds his identity from them. He dealt harshly with them, accusing them of
being spies. He put them in prison 3 days, and then released all but one (Simeon). They
were to return home and bring their youngest brother to Egypt, and thus Simeon and the
rest would live.
The perceived that these things had come

We are truly guilty concerning our brother, for we saw the
anguish of his soul when he pleaded with us, and we would
upon them because of their actions so
not hear; therefore this distress has come upon us. And
many years ago against Joseph.
Reuben answered them, saying, Did I not speak to you,
saying, Do not sin against the boy; and you would not listen?
Returning to Canaan and opening their

Therefore behold, his blood is now required of us. (42:21-22)
sacks of grain, they found their money
restored to them, and were afraid. They
could be accused of robbery. Again, they
associate this occurrence with their actions against Joseph.
Jacob refuses to allow Benjamin to go to Egypt.

-19-
Josephs Brothers Come To Egypt (ch. 43-44)
Food began to run short, and they needed to buy more. Judah reminds his father that the
ruler in Egypt was clear, if they did not bring their youngest brother, they would not receive
any food. Judah sets himself as surety for Benjamins safe return.
Joseph has the brothers in his house for a meal, and assures them that the return of their
money in their sacks was a gift from God. Simeon is returned to his family. Seeing his
younger brother, Joseph approached the point of tears, and thus left the room.
At the meal, three tables are set: one for the eleven brothers, one for Joseph, and another
for the Egyptians. Joseph sat his brothers at the table in order of their ages.
When it is time for them to return home, again their money is placed back in the mouth of
their sacks. Also, Joseph has a servant place his silver cup in Benjamins sack. Joseph
sends his steward after them. The brothers agree that with whomever the cup is found, that
one should be put to death. They were distraught to find that it was with Benjamin.
Brought back in Josephs presence, they present themselves as slaves for him. Judah
seeks to intercede for Benjamin. Recall, it was he who found the opportunity to sell Joseph.
Joseph Reveals Himself To His Brothers (ch. 45)
Overwhelmed with emotion, Joseph clears the room. He reveals his identity to his brothers,
but they do not understand. Again, he reveals who he is.
He eases their minds concerning their former conduct toward him, revealing that though
they meant it for harm, that God had actually used it for good.
They are sent on their way by Pharaoh himself, and commanded to bring their families and
their father, and told that the best of Egypt would be given to them.
When Jacob was told that Joseph was alive, initially his ...heart stood still, because he did
not believe them. But afterward, ...the spirit of Jacob their father revived.
JACOB AND HIS FAMILY IN EGYPT

The Family Of Jacob (ch. 46-47)
He led his family to Egypt, perhaps timidly at first, but after making sacrifice at Beersheba,
and receiving assurance from the Lord, they went down. They went down as a family of 70,
they would eventually come out as a nation of millions.
Once there, they settle in the land of Goshen.
The famine became so severe, that many had to sell all they had to sustain their families,
and so it was that Pharaoh became exceedingly rich by the work of Joseph. However,
Jacobs house prospered in the land.
Jacob Blesses His Sons (ch. 48-49)
First, he blesses his grandchildren through Joseph. Jacob blesses Ephraim (the younger)
over Manasseh, the older.
Consider the blessings of his own sons:

Reuben: ...unstable as water, you shall not excel, because you went up to your
fathers bed...
Simeon and Levi: ...instruments of cruelty...for in their anger they slew a man...
Judah: ...he whom your brothers shall praise... your fathers children shall bow down
before you... the scepter shall not depart from Judah till Shiloh comes.
Zebulun: ...dwell by the haven of the sea...
Issachar: ...saw that ret was good, and that the land was pleasant... became a band
of slaves...
Dan: ...shall judge his people...
-20-
Gad: ...a troop shall tramp upon him... he shall triumph at last...
Asher: ...rich...shall yield royal dainties...
Naphtali: ...a deer let loose, he uses beautiful words...
Joseph: ...fruitful bough...blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that lies
beneath, blessings of the breasts and of the womb...
Benjamin: ...a ravenous wolf, shall devour his prey... and divide the spoil...
This being done, Jacob dies (147 years old), commanding that he be buried in the cave
of Machpelah.
Jacobs Burial And Josephs Death (ch. 50)
Jacobs body underwent an embalming process which took 40 days. A procession was
convened to the cave of Machpelah, conducted by the Egyptians who also mourned his
death.
Josephs brothers feared what Joseph might do to them, not that they father was gone. He
assures them of his forgiveness and that God used their evil to bring about good.
Joseph himself dies (110 years old). He commanded the children of Israel to carry his
bones from Egypt when they would be brought from the land by God, to the land promised
to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
-21-
Preparing For The Exodus

Exodus 1-6
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE CALL OF MOSES

IsraelS Oppression And Prosperity In Egypt (ch. 1)
They went down as 70 persons (not including wives and

daughters). They were fruitful and multiplied (Ex 1:7).
A new king arose in Egypt, who did not know Joseph. The
luxury and prominence which Israel had enjoyed previously
was taken away. The Israelites became slaves (Ex 1:11),
but they continued to be fruitful and multiply (Ex 1:12).
Pharaoh commanded the Hebrew midwives to kill all male

children born to the Hebrew women. The midwives feared
God, and did not do according to Pharaohs command.
Therefore God dealt well with the midwives, and the people multiplied and grew very
mighty. (Ex 1:20).
Finally, Pharaoh commanded his own people to cast the Hebrew male infants into the river.
Moses Birth And Departure From Egypt (ch. 2)
Both Moses parents were of the tribe of Levi. After his birth, they hid him for 3 months, but
eventually were no longer able to do so. She fashioned a basket and set him in it along the
river bank. Miriam, Moses older sister watched over the basket as Pharaohs daughter
found it. Though she knew he was a Hebrew child, she had compassion on him.
Miriam came, and offered to find a Hebrew woman

Moses was raised by his own m other until
to nurse the child for her. Moses mother was
he was weaned. There are a different
permitted to raise him until he was weaned. He
thoughts on what age a child in the
was then taken to Pharaohs daughter and
ancient tim es would be weaned. Som e
presented to her as her son. The name Moses
have suggested 3 or 5 years of age, while
(lit. drawn out) was given by Pharaohs daughter.
others have thought perhaps as old as
12. Regardless, we can safely assum e
We do not know what his Hebrew name was.
that he knew he was a Hebrew, and had
When he was a man, Moses saw an Egyptian

been instructed regarding the LORD.
beating a Hebrew. He looked about, and seeing no
one, he killed the Egyptian. The next day, trying to
stop a dispute between two Hebrews, he became
aware that his actions from the previous day were not in secret. Pharaoh, hearing of the
matter sought to kill Moses, so he fled to Midian.
In Midian, Moses helped the daughters of Reuel (a.k.a. Jethro), and would eventually
marry Zipporah, one of his daughters. Though the king who sought Moses life had died,
Moses was content to remain in the land of Midian.
Moses Is Called To Go To Egypt (ch. 3-4)
While tending to Jethros flocks in the desert, the

The Angel of the LORD identified him self:
Angel of the LORD appeared to Moses in the
I am the God of your father - the God of
midst of a burning bush. He was commanded to
Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God
of Jacob. (Ex 3:6)
remove his sandals, for he was on holy ground.
God spoke of the oppression which the Israelites

endured in Egypt, and told Moses that He had
come down to deliver them, and to take them to the land of Canaan, which had been
promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
-22-
Moses was likely on board, until these words: ...Come now, therefore, and I will send you
to Pharaoh that you may bring My people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt. (Ex 3:10)
Through chapter 3-4, the LORD answers Moses objections to the assignment:
MOSES OBJECTION
GODS RESPONSE
WE DO THE SAME
Who am I that I should go to

Pharaoh, and that I should bring the
children of Israel out of Egypt? (3:11)
I will certainly be with you. (3:12)
We sometimes feel insufficient for

the task, and we are, by ourselves.
But God can make us sufficient
(2 Co 3:5-6; Php 4:13; Mt 28:20)
Indeed, when I come to the children

of Israel and say to them, The God
of your fathers has sent me to you,
and they say to me, What is His
name? what shall I say to them?
(3:13)
I AM WHO I AM Thus you shall say

to the children of Israel, I AM has
sent me to you. (3:14)
We may try to excuse ourselves

through inadequate knowledge. God
has told us all we need
(1 Co 2:1-4; 15:1-4)
But suppose they will not believe me

or listen to my voice; suppose they
say, The LORD has not appeared to
you. (4:1)
What is that in your hand? (4:2)

sign of the rod;
sign of the leprous hand;
sign of water to blood
It is not our responsibility to create

faith, Gods word does that (Ro
10:17; Jn 20:30-31). God has
supplied adequate proof of Himself
(Ro 1:20)
O my Lord, I am not eloquent, neither

before nor since You have spoken to
Your servant; but I am slow of
speech and slow of tongue. (4:10)
Who made mans mouth? Or who

makes the mute, the deaf, the
seeing, or the blind? Have not I, the
LORD? Now therefore, go, and I will
be with your mouth and teach you
want you shall say. (4:11-12)
Impaired abilities are no excuse to

not serve the Lord.
Of Pauls thorn in the flesh, God
said, My grace is sufficient for you,
for My strength is made perfect in
weakness. (2 Cor 12:9)
O my Lord, please send by the hand

of whomever else You may send.
(4:13)
So the anger of the LORD was

kindled against Moses... (4:14)
...you shall... appears 4 times in the
next 3 verses.
Excuses, excuses, excuses... Some

would just rather that God use
someone use.
God sent Moses, along with Aaron his brother. In Egypt, they came to the elders of the
children of Israel, who believed, and began to worship God for their visitation.
Speaking To Pharaoh & Further Hebrew Oppression (ch. 5-6)
Moses and Aaron came to Pharaoh and gave Gods simple message: Let My people go.
Pharaohs response would set the stage for the destruction of his nation: Who is the
LORD, that I should obey His voice to let Israel go? I do not know the LORD, nor will I let
Israel go. (5:2)
Pharaoh accused Moses and Aaron of

Thus says Pharaoh, I will not give you straw. Go,
making the people rest from their labour.
get yourselves straw where you can find it; yet
He oppressed the people for their idleness
none of your work will be reduced. (Ex 5:10-11)
and attention to false words.
There was no straw to gather (v 12), but

the people were beaten for failing to meet their daily quota. As a result, they complained
against Moses and Aaron.
God reaffirmed His promise made to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and that He would lead
Israel to the land of promise. Regarding their departure from Egypt, Pharaoh would
eventually drive them from the land. Though Moses spoke these things to the people, they
would not hear or believe.
-23-
The Plagues
Exodus 7-12
GO SPEAK TO PHARAOH
See, I have made you as God to Pharaoh, and Aaron

your brother shall be your prophet. (Ex 7:1) Moses,
though only a shepherd of Midian, was exalted above the
greatest ruler in the ancient world.
Consider the hardening of Pharaohs heart:

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
...I will harden Pharaohs heart, and multiply My signs and My

wonders in the land of Egypt. (7:3)
...Pharaohs heart grew hard...Pharaohs heart is hard... (7:13-14)
...Pharaohs heart grew hard... (7:22)
...when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he hardened his heart
and did not heed them... (8:15)
...Pharaohs heart grew hard... (8:19)
...Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also... (8:32)
...But the heart of Pharaoh became hard... (9:7)
...the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh; and he did not heed them... (9:12)
...when Pharaoh saw that the rain, the hail, and the thunder had ceased, he sinned yet more; and he
hardened his heart... (9:34)
So the heart of Pharaoh was hard... (9:35)
Go in to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants, that I may show these
signs of Mine before him... (10:1)
...the LORD hardened Pharaohs heart... (10:20)
The LORD would use the plagues upon Egypt to show His glory, and to bring humiliation
on Pharaoh, his servants and their gods (Ex 12:12; Num 33:4). The Egyptians
worshipped a myriad of deities; God would strike against these deities, displaying His
preeminence.
THE PLAGUES
Plague # 1 Water turned to blood (ch. 7)
All the water in the land of Egypt was turned to blood.

Pharaohs magicians were able to duplicate the miracle.
Pharaoh was not moved.

Plague # 2 Frogs (ch. 8)
Frogs everywhere: in houses, bedrooms, bed, on the

people, in ovens, in kneading bowls. Pharaohs
magicians were able to duplicate the miracle.
Pharaoh entreated the LORD, but afterward relented.

Plague # 3 Lice (gnats, fleas) (ch. 8)
The dust of the land became lice, and they were on

every man and beast. Pharaohs magicians were not
able to duplicate the miracle.
Pharaohs heart was hardened.
-24-
This plague brought judgm ent

upon HAPI (or NILUS), the sacred
river god, and OSIRIS (or HEQT),
the goddess of fertility / agriculture.
Again, judgm ent is brought upon

OSIRIS (or HEQT), who the
im age of a frog, and represented
abundant blessings.
Judgm ent is brought upon SEB,

the earth god of the Egyptians.
Plague # 4 Flies (ch. 8)
Flies invaded the land. They were everywhere.
Pharaoh agrees to let the people go, but afterward relents.
Judgm ent is brought upon

BEELZEBUB, the god of flies.
Plague # 5 Diseased livestock (ch. 9)
All the livestock of the Egyptians were struck with disease,

and died.
Pharaohs heart grew harder.
Judgm ent was brought upon

APIS, the sacred bull god, and
HATHOR, the sacred cow god.
Plague # 6 Boils (ch. 9)
Moses took ashes from a furnace and scattered them toward

the heavens in the presence of Pharaoh. The fine dust which
resulted brought boils to every man and beast in the land.
Pharaohs heart grew harder.

Plague # 7 Hail storms (ch. 9)
Hail was upon the land of Egypt, bringing destruction to

crops, men and beasts.
Pharaoh called to Moses, I have sinned this time. The

Lord is righteous, and my people and I are wicked. Entreat
the Lord... But he afterward relented.

NEIT, the m other queen of
the heavens.

S H U , t h e g o d o f th e
atm osphere, and again, upon
OSIRIS, the god of fertility.
Plague # 8 Locusts (ch. 10)

The people began to tire of Pharaohs hardness. Pharaoh

SERAPIS, the protector of land
chose to allow them to go, but then relented in anger.
from locusts.
Locusts came upon the land, consuming any crops left by

the hail. They also filled the Egyptian houses.
Again Pharaoh said, I have sinned against the Lord your God..., but afterwards was
hardened more.
Plague # 9 Darkness (ch. 10)
Darkness fell upon the land for three days, a darkness so

thick, it could be felt.
Pharaoh would permit the Israelites to go, but commanded

that their flocks remain. His heart was hardened again,
and he relented.

RA, the sun god. It was a
judgm ent against Pharaoh
(PHERA), as he was the
personification of the sun.
Plague # 10 Death of the firstborn (ch. 11-12)

Judgm ent was passed against
Following this plague, Pharaoh would drive the Israelites

PIAH, the god of life, and
from the land, and the Egyptians would gladly send them,
PHARAOH, for his son was
considered to be a divine
giving their gold and silver also.
being, the next Pharaoh.
The firstborn of all, whether beasts or men would die,

causing a great cry throughout the land. None among the
Israelites would be harmed, so long as they did according
to the Lords command, that He might pass over their houses.
God gave instruction to the Israelites about the Passover feast, which they would keep as
a perpetual feast. He also instructed regarding the preparation for the coming of the Angel
of the Lord in the land of Egypt. They were to be prepared to leave immediately.
-25-
Out Of Egypt
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Exodus 12-18
THE PASSOVER
The Passover would be celebrated in the first month (Abib,

later called Nisan) of the Jewish calendar. The lamb would
be kept until the 14th day (day of preparation), upon which
it would be killed and prepared for the feast. The 15th was
the Passover.
The LORD would pass over every house where the blood
of the lamb was on the doorpost and the lintel. The lamb
was eaten with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.
Anything not eaten was to be burned.
Linked with the Passover was the Jewish feast of

Unleavened Bread. The feast lasted 8 days, from the 14th to the 21st.
And a mixed multitude went up also with them;

THE EXODUS
and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.
Pharaoh called Moses & Aaron and

(Exodus 12:38)
commanded that the people
go. Note ...and bless me
also. (v 32).
THE EGYPTIAN CAPTIVITY AND TIM E OF AFFLICTION
A mixed multitude went with

Lets do som e math. Abraham was 75 when God m ade the
prom ise to him (Gen 12:3-4)...
the Israelites. These would be
25.....tim e between prom ise and Isaacs birth, Gen 21:5
people from other nations
+ 60.....tim e between Isaacs birth and Jacobs birth, Gen 25:26
(and perhaps even some
+130.....age of Jacob when he went to Egypt, Gen 47:9
Egyptians) who were also
=215.....years from Abraham to Jacob going to Egypt
slaves in Egypt.
+215.....years spent in Egypt
=430.....Total reported by Moses in Ex 12 and Paul in Gal 3
Now the sojourn of the

Recall, Abraham was told that there would be 400 years of
children of Israel who lived in
affliction (G en 15:13). W hat accounts for the difference of 30
Egypt was four hundred and
years?
thirty years. And it came to
215.....years spent in Egypt
pass at the end of the four
+130.....years of Jacobs wanderings, Gen 47:9
hundred and thirty years - on
+ 55.....years from tim e of Isaacs weaning, Gen 21:8
= 400.....Total years of affliction reported by God, Gen 15:13
that very same day - it came
to pass that all the armies of
the LORD went out from the
land of Egypt. (12:40-41)
THE RED SEA CROSSING
Moses brought with him the bones of Joseph, as they were commanded to do.
God led Israel from Egypt, not through Philistia (which

And Moses said to the people, Do not
was close), but to the Red Sea. He knew Pharaoh would
be afraid. Stand still, and see the
salvation of the LORD, which He will
pursue them. Pharaoh perceived that the Israelites were
accomplish for you today. For the
trapped, when in fact he and his men were trapped.
Egyptians whom you see today, you
shall see again no more forever. The
The complaining of the Israelites began: Because there

LORD will fight for you, and you shall
were no graves in Egypt, have you taken us away to die
hold your peace. (Ex 14:13-14)
in the wilderness... (v 11)
-26-
The Angel of the LORD separated the

Israelites and Egyptians, causing
darkness among the Egyptians, but light
among the Israelites.
The sea was separated, the Israelites
passed through on dry land, but
the Egyptians passed through in
muddy soil. The next morning,
the Egyptians knew that the LORD
fought for the Israelites and
sought to escape, but couldnt.
They were overthrown in the midst
of the sea.
Note, though it was the LORD who saved them , it

was still necessary for them to do som ething they had to keep walking. Had they not, they
would have perished. Likewise, we need to do the
LORDs will, but He is the one who saves us.
SONGS OF PRAISE
The entire song given by Moses is

a song of victory in battle. God is
praised for His salvation and for
deliverance from the Egyptians.
Miriam and all the women answer

in song, simply repeating the first
clause of Moses song.
COMPLAIN, COMPLAIN, COMPLAIN
Bitter Water (ch. 15)
From the Red Sea, they came to

the wilderness of Shur (15:22). After 3 days, they found water, but it was bitter. The
people complained against Moses and the LORD.
God gave them sweet water.

No Food (ch. 16)
And the children of Israel said to them, Oh, that
The Israelites moved on from the

we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land
Wilderness of Shur to Elim, where they
of Egypt, when we sat by the pots of meat and
when we ate bread to the full! For you have
found much water. From there, they went
brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole
to the Wilderness of Sin, where they rain
assembly with hunger. (16:3)
our of food, and complained.
God supplied bread from heaven and

gave instructions about gathering it. They
would eat this manna for the next 40 years, until they came to the land of Canaan.
Some gathered more than was needed, and found it turned to worms the next morning.
Some did not take the double portion commanded on the 6th day, and found none when
they went out on the Sabbath.
No Water (ch. 17)
Moses called the place
Again, the complaint is that they were brought out of Egypt

M assah (tem pted) and
only to die. They were so upset they wanted to stone Moses.
Meribah (contention)
God commanded that Moses strike the rock of Horeb, and

water would come forth.
-27-
JETHRO COMES TO MOSES
Jethro heard of what God accomplished for Moses and Israel, and came to Moses. He
brought Zipporah and Moses children. Jethro gave burnt offerings and sacrifices before
the Lord.
Moses was judging the people from

morning to evening, regardless the
APPLYING JETHROS ADVICE
silliness or seriousness of the matter.
Jethros advice was sound, and required for the
good of Moses and Israel. The sam e advice is to
Jethro said, The thing that you do is not
be followed in the church:
good. He told Moses to teach the people
Not only the preacher should know the

the statutes of God (so they could judge
word. All are responsible.
among themselves), and to select able
Able m en should be taught, to teach

men who could be set over the people to
others (2 Ti 2:2)
Dont leave the preacher to do everything.

judge. The great matters should be dealt
All should take part in the work of the
with by Moses. So it will be easier for
kingdom .
you, for they will bear the burden with
you.
-28-
The Law Given At Sinai

Exodus 19-24
CAMPING BEFORE SINAI (Ch. 19)
Three months after leaving Egypt, the children of Israel

came to Sinai and set up camp. Moses ascended the
mountain to speak with the LORD.
TO ISRAEL:
TO CHRISTIANS:
You have seen what I did to the

Egyptians, and how I bore you
on eagles wings and brought
you to Myself. Now therefore, if
you will obey My voice and
keep My covenant, then you
shall be a special treasure to
Me above all people; for all the
earth is Mine. And you shall be
to Me a kingdom of priests and
a holy nation. (Ex 19:4-6)
Coming to Him as to a living stone, rejected

indeed my men, but chosen by God and precious,
you also, as living stones, are being built up a
spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer up
spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through
Jesus Christ... But you are a chosen generation,
a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special
people, that you proclaim the praises of Him who
called you out of darkness into His marvelous
light; who once were not a people but now are the
people of God, who had not obtained mercy but
now have obtained mercy. (1 Pe 2:4-5, 9-10)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Notice the activity of Moses at Mount Sinai:
Moses went up to God (19:3)

Now Mount Sinai was
Moses cam e and called for the elders (19:7)
c o m p le te ly in s m o k e ,
Moses brought back the words of the people to the LORD (19:8)
because
the
LORD
Moses went down from the m ountain to the people and sanctified the
descended
upon
it
in
fire. Its
people (19:14)
smoke
ascended
like
the
Moses brought the people out of the cam p to m eet with God (19:17)
smoke of a furnace, and the
And the LORD called Moses to the top of the m ountain, and Moses
whole mountain quaked
went up (19:20)
greatly. And when the blast
Moses went down to the people and spoke to them (19:25)
of the trumpet sounded long
So the people stood afar off, but Moses drew near (20:21)
and became louder and
Moses cam e and told the people all the words of the LORD (24:3)
louder, Moses spoke, and
Moses wrote all the words of the LORD (24:4)
God answered him by voice.
And he arose early in the m orning, and built an altar at the foot of the
(Ex 19:18-19)
m ountain (24:4)
Then Moses went up, also Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of
the elders (24:9)
Moses went into the m ountain, and a cloud covered the m ountain (24:13, 15, 18) [40 days]
Moses turned and went down from the m ountain (32:15)
Moses rose early in the m orning and went up Mount Sinai (34:4) [40 days]
Moses cam e down from Mount Sinai (34:29)
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS (Ch. 20)
Notice of the 10 commandments, the

first 4 deal with mans relationship to
God, and the last 6 deal with mans
relationship with his fellow man.
The Catholic Catechism has removed

the 2nd and split the 10th in two.
All of the commandments are

repeated in the New Testament
except the 4th.
THE TEN COM M ANDM ENTS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
-29-
You shall have no other gods before Me.

You shall not make for yourself a carved image...
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain...
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy...
Honour your father and your mother...
You shall not commit murder.
You shall not commit adultery.
You shall not steal.
You shall not bear false witness...
You shall not covet...
MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDMENTS (Ch. 21-22)
The law given through Moses was not just a religious law, it would be the civil law for the
people of Israel. As such, it dealt with a huge variety of topics. However, by careful
observation of the laws given, we can see the spiritual lessons which God was teaching.
Regarding Servants (21:1-11)
No Hebrew could be perpetually enslaved. At the end of 7 years, he was given capital to
make a fresh start. If he desired to remain with his master, he was permitted.
A female servant was not released as the male servant was. She remained in her masters
house, unless her family bought her back.
Regarding Violence (21:12-27)
C
Prem editated m urder
Four crimes are identified which resulted in the

C
Striking ones father or m other
death penalty.
C
Kidnapping
C
Cursing ones father or m other
Violent crimes were not punishable by prison time

(as in our society), but with loss of life,
limb or lucre. The price for a crime was
immediate, and was a sustainable loss
W HAT ABOUT CORRECTIONS CANADA?
Is our corrections system enlightened com pared to
for the guilty party.
Moses law? Tim e spent in prison seldom am ounts
Many misunderstand the statement,

to a penalty for offenders. They receive education
...you shall give life for life, eye for eye,
(leading to a diplom a/degree), are able to participate
tooth for tooth, hand for hand, food for
in physical activities (gym /weights), and are fed
better than m any law abiding citizens. W hat do we
foot, burn for burn, wound for wound,
get in return for this enlightened correctional
stripe for stripe. (21:23-25)
The
system ? A reoffender rate of over 40%!!
concept is not that of revenge, but is
both a preventative legislation and a
punitive measure.
Regarding Property (21:28-22:15)
Moses law assum ed that a crim e had
The law of Moses provided the right mixture of

been com m itted against the victim , and
tha t the vic tim sh ou ld receive
personal responsibility with allowance for
com pensation.
Our justice system
accidental situations. Consider a few examples:
assum es that a crim e has been
If a man was gored to death by anothers ox,
com m itted against society, and that the
the ox would be killed, but the owner would not
State has a right to punish the crim inal.
be punished. However, if he knew the ox
tended to thrust, both he and the ox were to be
put to death.
If a man struck and killed a thief who broke in at night, he was held guiltless. If he did
so in the day, he would be guilty of bloodshed.
If you destroyed your neighbours goods, you are to make full restitution.
Moral Principles (22:16-23:9)
Numerous moral principles are established throughout the text. Consider a few:
Those who practised sorcery, bestiality or idolatry were not permitted to live;
Do not afflict strangers, widows, orphans or even your enemies;
Do not charge interest on money lent to your brethren;
Give of your firstfruits to the Lord quickly;
Do not pervert justice (false witness, partiality to the poor, receiving a bribe).
-30-
HOLY DAYS (Ch. 23)

Sabbaths
They people were to observe both the Sabbath day, and the Sabbath year.
In the Sabbath year, the land rested, and the poor of the people could gather.
Feast Of Unleavened Bread
Also referred to as the Passover. Laws for this feast were given in Ex 12.
A remembrance of the exodus from Egypt, held in first month, from the 14th to the 21st.
Feast Of Harvest
Also referred to as Pentecost, Feast Of Weeks, Day Of First Fruits.
It was held 50 days after the Passover (Lev 23:15-21; Num 28:26-31; Deut 16:9-12), and
celebrated the first fruits of the harvest.
Feast Of Ingathering
Also referred to as the Feast Of Tabernacles.
A feast of thanksgiving for the harvest, held in the seventh month, from the 15th to the 22nd.
The people would dwell in booths (tents) to commemorate life in the wilderness.
Behold, I send an Angel before you to
THE ANGEL AND THE PROMISES (Ch. 23)
keep you in the way and to bring you into
God would send His Angel before Israel to lead

the place which I have prepared. Beware
them in the way. If they were obedient, they
of Him and obey His voice; do not
would:
provoke Him, for He will not pardon your
Receive bread and water;
transgressions; for My nam e is in Him.
(Ex 23:20-21)
Sickness would be taken away from them;
No miscarriages or barren in the land;
Confusion amongst their enemies.
So as to preserve the land, when God led them into Canaan, the conquest would take
several years. They were commanded not to make covenants with the other nations.
THE COVENANT ESTABLISHED (Ch. 24)
Gods law has been given. After Moses,

the priests and the 70 elders worship God
on the mountain, Moses told the people all
the words of the Lord. Their response, All
the words which the LORD has said we
will do. (24:3)
He wrote the words of the LORD in a book

and read it in the hearing of the people.
Their response, All that the LORD has
said we will do, and be obedient. (24:7)
Thus, Moses took blood from the sacrifice,

and sprinkled it on the people, saying,
This is the blood of the covenant which
the LORD has made with you according to
all these words. (24:8)
Following this, Moses departed into the

mountain for forty days and nights.
-31-
...how much more shall the blood of Christ (who

through the age-during Spirit did offer himself
unblemished to God) purify your conscience from
dead works to serve the living God? And because
of this, of a new covenant he is mediator, that,
death having come, for redemption of the
transgressions under the first covenant, those
called may receive the promise of the age-during
inheritance, for where a covenant is, the death of
the covenant-victim to come in is necessary, for a
covenant over dead victims is steadfast, since it is
no force at all when the covenant-victim liveth,
whence not even the first apart from blood hath
been initiated, for every command having been
spoken, according to law, by Moses, to all the
people, having taken the blood of the calves and
goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop,
he both the book itself and all the people did
sprinkle, saying, This is the blood of the covenant
that God enjoined unto you. (Heb 9:14-20, YLT)
The Tabernacle And Furnishings

Exodus 25-31, 35-39
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
FURNISHINGS FOR THE SANCTUARY (Ch. 25, 27, 30)

Ark Of The Testimony
This ark would be central to the Jewish thought regarding

the Lord. It would serve as the place where His law was
stored, and upon it, the mercy seat was placed, which
represented Gods presence among His people.
The Ark was located in the inner most portion of the

tabernacle, the Most Holy Place or the Holy of Holies.
Table For The Showbread
God commanded that bread should always be on this

table.
The table would be along the North wall of the Holy Place.
Golden Lampstand
The lampstand was an elaborate design, hammered of a single piece of pure gold.
The lamp was to burn continually, using pure oil pressed from olives.
It was located along the South wall of the Holy Place.

Altar Of Burnt Offering
The altar of burnt offering was the location where sacrifices would be made for the people.
This altar would be located near the entrance to the tabernacle court area.
Altar Of Incense
The altar of incense was located in the Holy Place, before the curtain leading into the Most
Holy Place.
Upon this altar, the incense would be burnt each morning and evening.
The Bronze Laver
This wash basin was located outside the Holy Place, between the tabernacle and the altar
of burnt offering.
Aaron and his sons were to wash their hands and feet with the water of this basin before
entering the tabernacle for service.
THE PRIESTLY GARMENTS & CONSECRATION (Ch. 28-29)
The garments would be wonderful to behold. The Lord specifically says that they were
made ...for glory and for beauty. (Ex 28:2)
The Ephod
This garment was an ornamented vest. Upon the shoulders of the Ephod were two onyx
stones, set in gold. Upon these were written the names of the 12 tribes of Israel.
The Breastplate
It is called the ...breastplate of judgment. Settings of stone were put upon it, 4 rows with
3 stones per row. Upon these stones, the names of the sons of Israel were written.
Two other stones, the Urim and Thummim (the lights and the perfections) would be upon
the breastplate, over the priests heart. These were used in determining the will of God (ie.
Lots).
Other Garments
Other garments which were made: robe, tunic, turban and sash. Each made of fine linen.
All were made decoratively, again, ...for glory and for beauty.
-32-
Consecration Of The Priests
A ceremony was held with involved several sacrifices, in order to sanctify Aaron and his
sons to the service of the tabernacle. The entire consecration process would take seven
days.
THE TABERNACLE (Ch. 26)
The sanctuary would be 300' x 90'. The instructions

for the construction of the tabernacle are very
detailed.
This would be Gods dwelling place among His

people, until the building of the Temple by Solomon.
It was vitally important that the tabernacle and all
the furnishings for it be made according to the
pattern which God established.
According to all that I show you, that is, the

pattern of the tabernacle and the pattern of all
its furnishings, just so you shall make it.
(Ex 25:9)
And see to it that you make them according to
the pattern which was shown you on the
mountain.
(Ex 25:40)
See also Exodus 31:2-11; 39:32, 42-43.
THE TABERNACLE APPLIED TO THE CHURCH
The design of the tabernacle is referred to in the book of Hebrews, and in other New
Testament texts. Each component of the Old Testament Tabernacle was a type or
shadow of things to come in the New Testament.
-33-
The Calf And The Tablets

Exodus 32-34, 40
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE GOLD CALF (Ch. 32)

Come, Make Us Gods
While Moses was on the mount, receiving the tablets upon

which the Law was recorded, the children of Israel grew
restless, and demanded of Aaron, Come, make us gods
that shall go before us... (v 1).
Rather than commanding them to wait for Moses to return

from the Lord, Aaron called for them to bring their gold
earrings to him. He then fashioned it with an engraving
tool, and made a calf. It was declared to be the god which
had led them from Egypt, and Aaron made an altar before
it.
Go, Get Down!
And the LORD said to Moses, I have seen this
Due to the corrupt actions of the people,

people, and indeed it is a stiff-necked people! Now
Moses was sent down from Mount Sinai.
therefore, let Me alone, that My wrath m ay burn
hot against them and I m ay consum e them . And I
Note, God was not sending Moses to
will m ake of you a great nation. (Ex 32:10)
correct them; He desired to destroy them.
Moses pleaded with the LORD, that He

not destroy Israel, and He relented.
Now the tablets were the work
Upon returning to the camp, Moses anger was fierce

of God, and the writing was the
against the children of Israel. He broke the tablets which
writing of God engraved on the
tablets. (Ex 32:16)
God has given, he melted the calf and ground it to
powder, and made them drink of the water upon which it
was spread.
Aaron sought to exempt himself of any fault, claiming that he simply placed the gold into
the fire and a calf came out.
About 3,000 people died that day, slaughtered by their brethren on account of this evil
deed.
I Will Go Up To The LORD
Yet now, if You will forgive their sin
Moses came back to the presence of God,

but if not, I pray, blot m e out of Your
pleading for forgiveness for the people.
book which You have written. (Ex
32:32)
God confirmed that whoever committed sin would

be accountable for his own sin. They were plagued
by the LORD on account of the calf they had
made.
MOSES AND THE PRESENCE OF GOD (Ch. 33)
God commanded Moses to lead the people away from Sinai, promising that He would
send His Angel before them, but that He
would not go up in their presence, lest He
So the LORD spoke to Moses face to face, as
consume them on account of their stiff
a m an speaks to his friend. And he would return
necks.
to the cam p, but his servant Joshua the son of
Moses moved his tent outside the camp, and

Nun, a young m an, did not depart from the
tabernacle. (Ex 33:11)
it was used as a temporary tabernacle prio to
-34-
the building of the tabernacle which God would command. The LORDs presence was in
the tabernacle, and the LORD talked with Moses.
Among the topics of conversation, Moses sought confirmation that the LORDs Presence
would go up with them from Sinai. Moses saw it as necessary that Gods presence be
with them, so that they might be considered distinct from all the peoples of the world.
It was in one of these conversations (apparently taking place upon Sinai) that God passed
by Moses to show His glory, but covered his face, lest he see the LORDs face and die.
A NEW SET OF TABLETS (Ch. 34)
Moses was commanded to bring another set of stones like the first before the LORD, and
again, Gods word would be written upon these.
Once again, we see Moses concerned about God going with His people. He always
wanted the presence of God among the people of God.
God renewed His covenant with the people.
When Moses came down from the Mount, his face shone from being in the presence of
God.
THE TABERNACLE ARRANGED (Ch. 40)
The tabernacle was completed according to the directions which God gave in the law, as
were the furnishings.
The cloud covered the tabernacle, as it had covered Moses tent.
Whenever the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, the children of Israel would rise
up and journey, and so the Lord went with them as they journeyed.
-35-
Offerings And Consecration Of Priests

Leviticus 1-10
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE OFFERINGS (Ch. 1-6)

The specifics for each of the offerings is given in the text,
including the appropriate beasts or fowl to use, the purpose of the
sacrifice, and the process by which it was to be offered. We will
briefly focus on each.
The Burnt Offering
The burnt offering could either be a beast of the field or a

bird, according to the wealth of the individual making it.
It was a free will offering made to the Lord.
The entire offering was to be burnt.

The Grain Offering
The grain offering was a mix of fine flour with oil and frankincense which had been baked.
A portion of the offering was placed upon the altar, the rest was kept for the livelihood of
the priests.
The offering was to have no leaven, but was to be seasoned with salt.
The Peace Offering
The meat of the peace offering was not sacrificed, but was reserved for the priests. The
fat of the beast was burnt as an offering to God.
The Sin Offering
The sin offering was given by those who had unintentionally transgressed the law of God.
There are four different offerings prescribed, depending upon whom the offering was for
(a priest, the entire nation, a ruler of the people, the common people).
The fat of the animal would be burnt, like that of the peace offering, but the remainder of
the animal was to be taken out of the camp to a clean place, where the ashes were
poured out and burned.
There was also a daily sin offering given for the people in general. The meat of this
offering was reserved for the priests.
The Trespass Offering
A trespass offering was required when one had:

1) Concealed the truth while under oath;
2) Touched something unclean, whether of beasts or humans;
3) Recklessly made an oath to do either good or evil.
The offering was preceded by a confession of sin.
The object of the offering was dependent upon the ability of the offender. Those who were
able would bring a lamb or a kid; if not, then two turtledoves or two pigeons; and if not this,
then an ephah of fine flour.
The meat of this offering was reserved for the priests.

Offerings With Restitution
The law of Moses required that restitution be made when damages were suffered.
If one unintentionally sinned in regard to the holy things of the Lord, an offering and a fine
were imposed. In addition, the price of whatever was harmed would be returned, adding
one fifth.
If one sinned regarding his neighbour, he was required to make restitution, adding one
fifth. This preceded the trespass offering.
-36-
CONSECRATION OF AARON AND HIS SONS (Ch. 8)
Moses had been given the instruction for this

ceremony and recorded it in Exodus 29.
The consecration process was lengthy.
Consecrating The Priests

It appears that this process was repeated daily for 7
days, while the priests remained in the tabernacle:
C
Wash with water;
C
Dress in priestly garments;
C
Aarons head anointed with oil;
C
A sin offering and a burnt offering;
C
Offerings with a ram of consecration;
C
Oil and blood from the altar sprinkled on
the priests garments;
C
A feast with the meat and grains offered
THE MINISTRY BEGINS (Ch. 9)
On the eighth day, Aaron gave a sin offering and

a burnt offering. For the people, a sin offering,
two burnt offerings, two peace offerings and a
grain offering were made.
The offerings being made, the Lord showed His glory before the people; fire came from
the LORD and consumed the offering upon the altar.
THE CONDUCT OF PRIESTS (Ch. 10)
By those who com e near Me I m ust be regarded
Nadab And Abihu
as holy; and before all the people I m ust be
Aarons two older sons ...offered profane

glorified. (Lev 10:3)
fire before the LORD, which He had not
commanded them. As a result, fire went
out from the LORD and consumed them.
Aaron accepted the LORDs judgment of his sons. He and his two remaining sons were
commanded not to mourn, lest they die also.
Rules For The Priests
No intoxicating drink, ...that you may distinguish between holy and unholy, between
unclean and clean, that you may teach the children of Israel all the statutes which the Lord
has spoken to them...
Grain offerings, wave offerings and heave offerings were as food for the sons and
daughters of Levi.
-37-
Laws Of Purity And Morality

Leviticus 11-20
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
CLEANLINESS AND ANIMALS (Ch. 11)

Eating Restrictions
Among land animals, they were permitted to eat whatever

has cloven hoofs and chewed the cud.
Among water creatures, they were permitted to eat

whatever has fins and scales.
Among birds, they were permitted to eat any but those

listed (v 13-19).
Among flying insects, only those which have jointed legs

with which to jump.
Becoming Unclean
One would become unclean if they came into contact with an unclean beast.
A vessel which comes into contact with an unclean animal is unclean.
What lesson would the distinction of clean and unclean animals teach Israel?
CLEANLINESS AND CHILDBIRTH (Ch. 12)
Following Birth Of A Male Child
A woman would be unclean for 7 days following the birth. The child was to be circumcised
the eighth day following birth.
From that point, she would continue in her days of purification for 33 days. A total of 41
days would pass from childbirth until she was again considered clean.
Among water creatures, they were permitted to eat whatever has fins and scales.
Following Birth Of A Female Child
A woman would be unclean for 14 days following the birth.
From that point, she would continue in her days of purification for 66 days. A total of 80
days would pass from childbirth until she was again considered clean.
Whether Male Or Female
After the days of her purification were complete, a burnt offering was brought to the priest.
CLEANLINESS AND LEPROSY (Ch. 13-14)
Declared Unclean
One suspected of contracting leprosy was to be brought before the priest. He would be
examined, and either pronounced unclean or placed in isolation. After a period of isolation,
he would either be pronounced unclean or clean.
The leper was required to declare his uncleanness by crying out, Unclean! Unclean!
As a person could be declared unclean due to leprosy, so could a garment or a house.

Cleansing Ceremony
One who was healed would be brought to the priest, who would examine him outside the
camp. If he is cleansed, a lengthy ceremony is followed to pronounce him clean.
UNCLEANNESS AND BODILY DISCHARGES (Ch. 15)
Diarrhea, constipation, discharge of semen (men) or discharge of blood (women) caused

one to be unclean.
-38-
THE DAY OF ATONEMENT (Ch. 16)
The high priest did not enter the Most Holy Place at just any time. The only time he was
permitted (actually, commanded) to enter was the 10th day of the 7th month.
Sacrifice would be made for both the priests and for the people. In the process of the
days events, a live goat would be sent away into the wilderness. This was the scapegoat.
THE SANCTITY OF BLOOD (Ch. 17)
No ox, lamb or goats blood could be shed

by an Israelite unless it was brought to the
tabernacle as an offering. If he did not do
so, he was guilty of bloodshed. He ...shall
be cut off from among his people... (v 4)
One could not offer a sacrifice other than at

the tabernacle. Any who did was to be
...cut off from among his people... (v 9)
It was not permitted that blood be eaten.

Any who ate blood was to be put to death,
For the life of the flesh is in the blood...
and ...it is the blood that makes atonement
for the soul. (v 11)
But you shall not eat flesh with its life, that is, its
blood.
(G enesis 9:4)
And whatever man of the house of Israel, or of

the strangers who dwell among you, who eats any
blood, I will set My face against that person who
eats blood, and w ill cut him off from among his
people.
(Leviticus 17:10)
For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us,

to lay upon you no greater burden than these
necessary things: that you abstain from things
offered to idols, from blood, from things strangled,
and from sexual immorality. If you keep
yourselves from these, you will do well. Farewell.
(Acts 15:28-29)
LAWS OF SEXUAL MORALITY (Ch. 18)
Do not uncover the nakedness of your kinfolk, of people who are kin to one another, or
a woman while she is in her time of impurity.
Do not lie with your neighbours wife, a male as you would with a female, an animal.
These practices are identified with the nations about them.

MORAL AND CEREMONIAL LAWS (Ch. 19)
You shall be holy, for I the LORD your God am holy. (v 2)
Three of the ten commandments are highlighted here: honour father and mother, keep the
Sabbath day holy, do not have idols.
Do not reap the corners of a field, nor gather gleanings from a field or vineyard. These
would be left for the poor and strangers.
Do not steal, swear falsely, profane Gods name, cheat neighbours or employees.
Do not cuse the deaf or put a stumbling block before the blind. Do no injustice or show
partiality to any.
Do not take vengeance or bear a grudge.
Do not sow your fields with mixed seed. Do not wear garments of mixed material.
No shaving around the head or disfiguring the beard. No cutting on the flesh or tatoos.
Give honour to the aged. Do not mistreat strangers.

DEATH PENALTIES (Ch. 20)
Any who sacrifice their children to Molech (a god of the Ammorites and Phoenicians) was
to be stoned. If the Israelites looked the other way, God would destroy that man, his
family, and those who prostituted themselves with him.
Any who turned to mediums or familiar spirits was put to death.
Any who cursed father or mother was put to death.
Several sexual sins resulted in death: adultery, incest, homosexuality, bestiality...

-39-
More Regulations And Laws

Leviticus 21-27
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
REGULATIONS FOR PRIESTS (Ch. 21-22)

For The Priests:
He was not permitted to touch a dead body (except

mother, father, brother, son, daughter, virgin sister).
He was not permitted to shave his head or the edges of his

beard.
He was not to take a harlot or divorced woman to be wife.
If his daughter played the harlot, she was to be burned.
If he was unclean, he had to separate himself from the

holy things dedicated to God until he was clean again. If
he did not, he would be put to death.
For The High Priest:
He was not to uncover his head or tear his clothes (in mourning).
He was not to go near a dead body (even his father or mother).
He was not to go out of the santuary.
His wife was to be a virgin from among his own people, so as to not profane his seed.
Concerning Those With Defects:
No man with a defect could approach to offer the bread of God.
Blind, lame, marred face, oversized limb, broken foot/hand, hunchback, dwarf, defect in
the eyes, eczema (festering), scabe, eunuch were all excluded.
The defected were permitted to eat the bread, but not to approach the veil or the altar. To
do so would profane the sanctuary.
Priests And Food:
The priests could not eat anything which died naturally or was torn by a beast.
Who may eat the holy offerings? No outsider, visitor or hired servant could. But a
purchased servant could. A priests daughter married to an outsider could not. But, if she
returned to her fathers house divorced or widowed, having no children, she may.
FEAST DAYS (Ch. 23)
The feast days of the Jews are listed:
The Sabbath.
The Passover and Feast Of Unleavened Bread.
The Feast Of Firstfruits.
The Feast Of Weeks.
The Feast Of Trumpets.
The Day Of Atonement.
The Feast Of Tabernacles.
-40-
MORE LAWS (Ch. 24-25)
A blasphemer was to be put to death. A situation of case law is recorded for us (v 10-16)
Gods law for Israel required restitution for offenses caused.
You shall have the same law for the stranger and for one from your own country; for I am
the LORD your God. (v 22)
The seventh year Sabbath. The land was given a year of rest. Enough would be gathered
in the 6th year to sustain them for 3 years.
The year of Jubilee. Occurred every 49 years. The trumpet would sound on the day of
atonement. The following year would be proclaimed a year of liberty. All were permitted
to go free. Each was permitted to return to his own possessions and family.
As none would sow or reap in the 49th year (it was a sabbath year), none would sow or
reap in the 50th year.
The land would not be sold permanently, for it belonged to God. Rather, the land would
be leased or traded. The price would be based upon the year of Jubilee.
Interest was not to be charged to the poor, nor was food to be given for profit.
BLESSINGS OR AFFLICATIONS (Ch. 26)
If They Obeyed:
The rain would not be withheld from the land; the land would yield its produce.
There would be no lack of food.
There would be peace in the land. The land would even be rid of wild beasts.
Their enemies would run from them and fall by way of the sword. Even 4 chasing 100, and
100 chasing 10,000.
God would look upon them favourably, and multiply them, confirming His covenant.
If They Did Not Obey:
There would be plagues with disease and fever, and great sorrow in the land.
They would sow seed, but their enemies would reap the benefit of the harvest.
Their enemies would conquer and rule over them.

If They Still Did Not Obey:
Their punishment would increase seven times more than their sins.
There would be drought and the land would be barren.

Wild beasts would come upon them and steal away their children and kill their livestock,
so that the nation would be made few in number.
They would be left to the point that their highways would be desolate.
A sword would be brought against them, executing the vengeance of His covenant.
Pestilence would be among them when gathered in their cities.
Their food supplies would be cut short.

God would walk against them in fury.
In famine times, they would even eat the flesh of their own children.
He would cast down their places of worship.
Their land would be found desolate, overtaken by their enemies.
They would be scattered among the nations, and persecuted wherever they went.
If They Confessed Their Sin:
He would again remember the covenant established with Jacob, Isaac and Abraham.
He would not destroy them, but would bring them back to the land of promise.
-41-
REDEEMING PERSONS/THINGS DEDICATED BY A VOW (Ch. 27)
One might commit themselves, a family member of a possession to the Lord. This chapter
proves the rules to redeem such persons or possessions.
If one refused to redeem such items, they were the LORDs forever. Persons would live
their lives devoted to the sanctuary, property for the profit of the temple, or if a suitable
animal for sacrifice, it would be so used.
The firstborn of the oxen and the sheep could not be dedicated in a vow, for the firstborn
is the Lords.
-42-
Preparation For The Journey

Numbers 1-10
NUMBERING THE PEOPLE (Ch. 1)
God commanded that a census be taken of the children of

Israel. All males, age 20 and above, able to go to war were
to be numbered according to their armies.
Reuben (1:20-21)..............................................................................................46,500
Simeon (1:22-23)..............................................................................................59,300
Gad (1:24-25)....................................................................................................45,650
Judah (1:26-27).................................................................................................74,600
Issachar (1:28-29).............................................................................................54,400
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Zebulun (1:3031).............................................................................................57,400
Ephraim (1:32-33).............................................................................................40,500
Manasseh (1:34-35)..........................................................................................32,200
Benjamin (1:36-37)............................................................................................35,400
Dan (1:38-39)....................................................................................................62,700
Asher (1:40-41).................................................................................................41,500
Naphtali (1:42-43).............................................................................................53,400
TOTAL............................................................................................................603,550
Note, the numbering of the children of Israel excluded the Levites. Those numbered were
...all who were able to go to war... The Levites were appointed by God to be those
...over the tabernacle of Testimony.
The number 603,550 take into account only those who are considered men of war. The
total number of people, including women, children and the Levites could easily be
2,500,000.
603,550 men of war listed in the census;
603,550 assuming each man had a wife (some may not have, but some may have had more than one);
1,207,100 assuming two children per married couple (which is an extremely conservative assumption);
22,000 Levites, as reported in chapter 3 (numbered from 1 month and above);
22,000 assumed women and female children among Levites
2,458,200
ORGANIZING THE PEOPLE (Ch. 2-3)

Organization of the Camp
God prescribed how the Israelites

should arrange themselves
surrounding the tabernacle.
God even determined how the

Levites should camp surrounding the
tabernacle.
Organization for Breaking Camp
Whe it was time to break camp, the

Levites would disassemble the tabernacle. Following this, the tribes would embark upon
their journey, beginning with those camping on the East, then the South, West and North.
-43-
DUTIES OF THE LEVITES (Ch. 4)

** NOTE, the length of service in the priesthood was from age 30 to 50.
The Sons of Kohath
After Aaron and his sons had prepared the ark, the table of showbread, the lampstand and
the golden altar, the sons of Kohath would carry these items, but were forbidden to touch
anything holy.
The Sons of Gershon
They would carry the curtains of the tabernacle, and the screen for the doors, and the
hangings in the court.
The Sons of Merari
They would carry the boards of the tabernacle, the bars, pillars and sockets.
GOD REQUIRES CLEANLINESS AND FAITHFULNESS (Ch. 5)
As was given in the book of Leviticus, so appears here instruction regarding uncleanness
and making restitution for transgressions.
If a man suspected his wife of being unfaithful, he was to bring her to the priest, along with
an offering of barley. The priest would have bitter water in his hand which would bring a
curse, for her to drink. If she had been unfaithful to her husband, when she drank the
water, it would cause her belly to swell, her thighs would rot, and she would become a
curse among her people. If she had been faithful, she is free, able to bear children.
THE NAZIRITE VOW (Ch. 6)
Nazirite literally, consecrated
Either a man or woman could take a Nazirite

vow. It was a vow in which the individual would
be separated to the Lord for a specified period
of time. While separated to the Lord, there were certain things which the Nazirite could
not do. He could eat nothing that came from the grapevine, no razor was to touch his
head, and he was not to go near a dead body.
If someone died suddenly beside him, he would be unclean. On the 7th day of his
cleansing, his head would be shaven. On the 8th day, an offering would be made, and his
separation would begin again.
At the end of his time as a Nazirite, several offerings were brought: a burnt offering, a sin
offering, a peace offering, a grain offering and a drink offering. These were given, his head
was shaved, and his hair placed on the fire where the peace offering had been.
OFFERINGS AND THE LEVITES DEDICATED (Ch. 7-8)
The tabernacle being set up and consecrated, the leaders of Israel now make offering
there. Moses records the offerings
made on each day over the
30? 25? or 20?
course of 12 days.
In 4:3, the Levites are appointed to the serve at age 30, in 8:24,
they are appointed at age 25, and in 1 Chr 23:24, they are
The Levites were dedicated to the

appointed at 20. What makes for the difference?
service of the tabernacle. God
1.
In 4:3, the Levitical service was exceedingly severe, and
thus required full grown, robust men to carry it out.
established the period in which
2.
In 8:24, God seems to speak of the service in a general
the Levites were able to serve,
way, and affixes 25 as the age.
from the age of 25 to 50.
3.
In Davids time, the fixed tabernacle and temple were in
use, and thus the service was less labour intensive.
-44-
READY TO DEPART (Ch. 9-10)

Keeping The Passover
Israel observed the 2nd Passover. Some were unclean and thus not able to keep the feast
at the prescribed time. As such, God instructed that those who were not able to keep the
feast on the 14th day of the 1st month were to do so on the 14th day of the 2nd month.
The Cloud And The Fire
As God had appeared in the form of a cloud / pillar of fire to the Israelites while leading
them from Egypt, so He would show Himself in their presence above the tabernacle.
When the cloud was taken up off the tabernacle, the children of Israel would know it was
time to depart.
Two silver trumpets were made, for the purpose of calling the congregation together and
for directing the movement of the camp. The trumpets would also be used in times of war.
In the 2nd year, on the 20th day of the 2nd month, the cloud was taken up, and the children
of Israel set out from mount Sinai on their journey. God would lead yhem to the
wilderness of Paran.
Note the order of their procession:

1. The children of Judah (10:14)
2. The sons of Gershone and the sons of Merari (10:17)
3. The children of Reuben (10:18)
4. The sons of Kohath (10:21)
5. The sons of Ephraim (10:22)
6. The sons of Dan (10:25)
With such an order, the priests and the furnishings of the tabernacle are protected.
-45-
Faithlessness Abounds In Israel

Numbers 11-13
THE PEOPLE COMPLAIN AGAINST THE LORD (Ch. 11)
Nothing Except This Manna
The Lord heard the complaint of Israel (we do not know

what this specific complaint was). In response, He sent
fire which consumed those who were on the outskirts of
the camp. The people cried to Moses, Moses prayed to
the Lord, and the fire was quenched.
The mixed multitude among them yielded to intense

craving, and so all Israel complained further:
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
W ho will give us meat to eat? W e remember the fish which we ate

freely in Egypt, the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and
the garlic; but now our whole being is dried up; there is nothing at all
except this manna before our eyes. (11:4-6)
What is manna? Moses describes it as being like coriander seed (of the carrot family)
and the colour of bdellium (yellowish brown to reddish brown), and tasting like a pastry.
Moses Complains To The Lord
Complaining tends to beget complaining. The people complained to Moses, and Moses
complained to the Lord, Why have You afflicted Your servant? His complaint was the
charge which God had given him to lead the people.
Moses grief regarding the people was so great, he said to the Lord, If You treat me like
this, please kill me here and now if I have found favour in Your sight and do not let me
see my wretchedness! He did not delight in the foul, unpleasant and evil mood he was
in, and no longer wanted to see himself in such.
The Seventy Elders
God would supply 70 elders from among the people to serve among the people, thus
easing the burden which Moses was to bear. These would receive of the Lords Spirit,
even as Moses had.
Recall, Jethro had suggested this course of action previously; but it appears that Moses
had not continued to maintain the arrangement which had been structured.
Depending upon the translation you

...they prophesied, and did not cease. (KJV)
use, either these 70 prophesied
...they prophesy, and do not cease. (YLT)
...they prophesied, although they never did so again. (NKJV)
once and never again, or they
...they prophesied. But they did not do it again. (NASB)
continued to prophesy from that day
onward.
The People Shall Have Meat
Consecrate yourselves for tomorrow, and you shall eat
The people cried for meat, so God grants

meat; for you have wept in the hearing of the LORD,
them meat. But it would be the delightful
saying, Who will give us meat to eat? For it was well
experience that they wanted to have.
with us in Egypt. Therefore the LORD will give you
meat, and you shall eat. You shall eat, not one day, nor
Moses questions how the LORD would

two days, nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days,
accomplish such a task. God simply
but for a whole month, until it comes out of your
responds, Has the LORDs arm been
nostrils and becomes loathsome to you, because you
shortened? Now you shall see whether
have despised the LORD who is among you, and have
what I say will happen to you or not.
wept before Him, saying, Why did we ever come up
out of Egypt? (11:18-20)
(11:23)
-46-
God caused a multitude of quail to be brought

1 homer = 65 gallons or 300 L
from the sea and to be piled around the camp
10 homers = 650 gallons or 3,000 L
about 2 cubits (3 feet) high. The people
overcome with their intense craving gathered
the quail all day, all night, and all the next day.
The man who gathered the least gathered 10 homers.
When they began to eat it, Gods wrath was aroused against them, and He struck them
with a great plague. So the place was called Kibroth Hattaavah (graves of craving).
AARON AND MIRIAM COMPLAIN AGAINST MOSES (Ch. 12)
Moses was married to Zipporah, a woman

Now the man Moses was very humble, more than
of Midian. This Egyptian woman is not
all men who were on the face of the earth. (12:3)
another wife, but Zipporah. Due to its
It is likely that had God not called the three out,
M oses would not have answered their
proximity to Ethiopian, sometimes the
accusations, but rather held his peace.
inhabitants of Midian were referred to as
Ethiopians. Note, Moses was married to
her before God called him.
Aaron and Miriam presume to speak the counsel of God.
God rebuked Aaron and Miriam regarding

The the LORD said to Moses, If her father had but
Moses (12:6-8). The Lord departed, and
spit in her face, would she not be shamed seven
Miriam became leprous. Aaron pleaded
days? Let her be shut out of the camp seven
days, and afterward she may be received again.
before Moses that their foolishness not be
(12:14)
held against them. Moses interceded with
the Lord on their behalf. She would be
made well.
THE SPIES SENT INTO CANAAN (Ch. 13)
Twelve spies were sent, one from each tribe.
They were to come back with a report regarding the

number and strength of the people, the nature of the
cities, and the prosperity of the land.
The spies are gone 40 days, and bring back with

them some of the produce of the land. The report:
W e went to the land where you sent us. It truly flows with milk
and honey, and this is its fruit. Nevertheless the people who
dwell in the land are strong; the cities are fortified and very
large; moreover we saw the descendants of Anak there.
(13:27-28)
THE TW ELVE SPIES

Sham m ua from the tribe of Reuben;
Shaphat from the tribe of Sim eon;
Caleb from the tribe of Judah;
Igal from the tribe of Issachar;
Joshua from the tribe of Ephraim ;
Palti from the tribe of Benjam in;
Gaddiel from the tribe of Zebulun;
Gaddi from the tribe of Manasseh;
Am m iel from the tribe of Dan;
Sethur from the tribe of Asher;
Nahbi from the tribe of Naphtali;
Geuel from the tribe of Gad.
Caleb then gave his recommendation:

Let us go up at once and take possession, for we are well able to overcome it. (13:30)
The other spies (with the exception of Joshua) disagreed with Caleb:
W e are not able to go up against the people, for they are stronger than we. (13:31)
The land through which we have gone as spies is a land that devours its inhabitants, and all the people
whom we saw in it are men of great stature. There we saw giants (the descendants of Anak came from
the giants); and we were like grasshoppers in our own sight, and so we were in their sight. (13:32-33)
-47-
Failures And Rebellion Of Israel

Numbers 14-21
THEY SHALL NOT ENTER (Ch. 14)
Heeding The Bad Report
Hearing the majority report, the people began to weep and

complain against the LORD.
If only we had died in the land of Egypt! Or if only we had died in this
wilderness! W hy has the LORD brought us to this land to fall by the
sword, that our wives and children should become victims? W ould it
not be better for us to return to Egypt? So they said to one another,
Let us select a leader and return to Egypt. (Num 14:2-4)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
The faithlessness of the people disheartened and

frustrated the faithful leaders (Moses, Aaron, Caleb and
Joshua). They attempted to encourage the people:
The land we passed through to spy out is an exceedingly good land. If the LORD delights in us, then He
will bring us into this land and give it to us, a land which flow s with milk and honey. Only do not rebel
against the LORD, nor fear the people of the land, for they are our bread; their protection has departed
from them, and the LORD is with us. Do not fear them. (Num 14:7-9)
Rather than being bolstered to faith in the LORD, they desired to stone them. It appears
that the LORDs glory appearing in the tabernacle spared them.
Wandering And Death Rather Than Milk And Honey
The LORD would have destroyed Israel,

But My servant Caleb, because he has a different
but Moses again stood on behalf of the
spirit in him and has followed Me fully, I will bring
people. His argumentation addressed the
into the land where he went, and his descendants
shall inherit it. (Num 14:24)
perception of other nations of the LORD
should He not bring the Israelites into the
land as He had determined. He pardoned
them, but they would not enter the land of promise.
The people would wander in the wilderness until all had died, except for Caleb and
Joshua. Their children, whom they said would become victims, would inherit the land.
They would wander 40 years, 1 year for each day spent in spying out the land.
The men who gave the bad report died by a plague.

A Failed Attempt To Possess The Land
Now why do you transgress the comm and of the
A day after being told they would not enter

LORD? For this will not succeed. Do not go up,
the land, the people rose up and
lest you be defeated by your enemies, for the
LORD is not among you. (Num 14:41-42)
determined to enter and possess the land
which the LORD had promised. Without
the LORD, they went and were easily
driven back by the Amalekites and Canaanites.
OFFERINGS AND OTHER LAWS (Ch. 15)
These laws had been given previously, but are now repeated for the next generation.
Moses began his discourse, When you have come into the land you are to inhert...
He teaches again the laws for various offerings, and unintentional and intentional sins.
One was found who worked on the Sabbath. Note, they held the man in custody, awaiting
Gods instruction of what should take place (cf. Lev 24:12). He was put to death.
God commanded tassels be put on their garments, to remind them of His law.
-48-
REBELLION AGAINST MOSES AND AARON (Ch. 16-17)

Korah, Dathan and Abiram
You take too much upon yourselves, for all the
These 3 men headed a rebellion of the

congregation is holy, every one of them, and the
prominent men among Israel against
LORD is among them. W hy then do you exalt
yourselves above the assembly of the LORD?
Moses and Aaron. They believed that
(Num 16:3)
Moses and Aaron had taken too much
authority for themselves.
The next day, they would see whom the

LORD had chosen. Moses charged them, ...You take too much upon yourselves, you
sons of Levi! God had chosen the sons of Korah to serve in the tabernacle, and yet it
seems that was not enough for him.
Moses called for Dathan and Abiram, but they would not come. They spoke back to Moses
with contempt:
1) attributing Egypt as a land flowing with milk and honey;
2) accusing Moses of acting like a prince over them; and
3) accusing Moses of not bringing them to the promised land flowing with milk and honey
The LORD Confirms His Representatives
The next day, all assembled as had been arranged. The LORD commanded Moses and
Aaron, Separate yourselves from among this congregation, that I may consume them in
a moment. Moses and Aaron pleaded on behalf of the congregation. Thus, God
commanded that all move away from the tents of Korah, Dathan and Abiram.
The LORD demonstrated that He was with Moses, for the land opened up and consumed
Dathan and Abiram, and those who were with them. Also, all who offered incense to the
LORD were destroyed. Note, this was the job of the priests, not the Levites.
More Complaints
The next day, the people complained to Moses, You have killed the people of the LORD!
The LORDs glory came over the tabernacle, and He commanded Moses and Aaron to
get away from the congregation, ...that I may consume them in a moment. Again, they
acted for the people, offering incease before the LORD to make atonement for the people.
Thus, the plague which went out from the LORD ceased. 14,700 died that day.
God Seeks To Rid The Complaints Of Israel
12 rods were selected, one for each tribe in Israel. The name of the leader of each tribe
was written on a rod, Aarons name on the rod for Levi. They would be placed in the
tabernacle, and God would cause the rod of the man whom He choose to blossom.
The next day, Aarons rod had sprouted and put forth
The Chaldea text describes
buds, produced blossoms and yieleded ripe almonds.
their com plaining in this way:
Aarons rod was kept as a sign against the rebels.
W e die by the sword, the earth
swallows us up, the pestilence
And yet they still complained, Surely we die, we perish,

consumes us.
we all perish! Whoever comes near the tabernacle of the
(1599 Geneva Bible Footnotes)
LORD must die. Shall we all utterly die?
-49-
DUTIES OF THE PRIESTS AND LEVITES (Ch. 18)
God gives instruction regarding the service of the tabernacle. If it happened that any
offense/mistake/neglect occurred regarding the tabernacle or the offerings, the guilt for
such would fall upon the Levites and the priests.
The priests and Levites would be supported through the offerings of the people, and the
tithe which God commanded. The Levites also gave a tithe, which was then given to the
priests.
UNCLEANNESS AND PURIFICATION (Ch. 19)
Command was given for the use of a red heifer for the purification of the people. This does
not appear to be related to any particular iniquity, but rather served as a ceremony from
which ashes would be obtained for the water of purification.
The water of purification would be sprinkled on those who were unclean (ie. due to contact
with a dead body).
ERROR OF MOSES & DEATH OF AARON (Ch. 20)
Though the text does not specify, it becomes apparent as the story continues that we have
here entered the first month of the fortieth year in their wandering.
Moses Error
If only we had died when our brethren died before the
The people came to the wilderness of

LORD! W hy have you brought up the assembly of the
Zin, and stayed at Kadesh. While
LORD into this wilderness, that we and our animals
there, Miriam died and was buried.
should die here? And why have you made us come up
out of Egypt, to bring us to this evil place? It is not a
Like had happened before, the people
place of grain or figs or vines or pomegranates; nor is
complained against Moses and Aaron
there any water to drink. (Num 20:3-5)
for there was no water in the land.
Moses is commanded by God to take

his rod, and SPEAK to the rock.
When Moses and Aaron had gathered the people, Moses spoke, Hear now, you rebels.
Must WE bring water for you out of this rock? And then Moses proceeded to STRIKE the
rock, and water flowed forth.
Afterward, Moses was rebuked by the LORD, Because you did not believe Me, to hallow
Me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this assembly into the
land which I have given them.
Not Through Edom
An appeal was made to the king of Edom, that Israel

EDOM is another nam e for ESAU
should pass through their land upon the Kings
highway. Passage was not granted, and in fact, the
men of Edom came out against Israel.
Aaron Dies
Aaron also had a part in Moses actions at Meribah, and thus would not enter into the land.
He did not strike the rock, but recall, Moses said, ...must WE bring water for you... Aaron
did not correct him, he remained a silent partner in the error.
Aaron and Eleazar ascended mount Hor, and the garments of the High Priest would be
removed from Aaron and placed upon Eleazar. Aaron died atop the mountain. Moses
and Eleazar returned to the people and announced Aarons death.
-50-
VICTORIES AND COMPLAINTS (Ch. 21)

Victory Over The Canaanites
The king of Arad heard that Israel was coming, and went out against them, fought and
took prisoners. The people made a vow to God, If You will indeed deliver this people into
my hand, then I will utterly destroy their cities. And it was so.
The Bronze Serpent
As they continued to journey around the land of Edom, the people became discouraged
and complained against the LORD and Moses. The LORD sent fiery serpents among the
people. Many died.
The Israelites confessed their sin and

And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the
asked that Moses pray to the LORD for
wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted
them, to take away the serpents. God
up, that whoever believes in Him should not perish
commanded that a bronze serpent be
but have eternal life. (Jn 3:14-15)
made, and that if anyone had been bitten,
if he would look to the bronze serpent, he
would live.
Defeat of the Amorites
Details are given of the places which Israel passed

through on their journey.
As they had asked the king of Edom for passage, so

they asked the king Sihon of the Amorites. They would
pass through, neither turning to the left or right, but
staying upon the Kings highway. Sihon refused to
allow them passage, and went out against Israel to
fight against them.
Israel defeated the Amorites and took possession of

the land from the Arnon River to the Jabbok River.
They also spied out Jazer, and drove its inhabitants
from there. Likewise, they battled against Og, king of
Bashan, and took possession of his land.
-51-
Prophet Balaam & Further Preparation

Numbers 22-36
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
BALAAM COMES TO BALAK (Ch. 22)

Balak Sends For Balaam
Balak, king of Moab had seen what happened to the

Amorites, and feared the same fate would fall upon Moab.
He sent the elders of Moab with a diviners fee for the
prophet Balaam, seeking him to curse the people.
God instructed Balaam not to go with the men, nor was he

to curse Israel, for they were a blessed people.
Balak again sent men to Balaam, of greater honour than

before, asking that he come. Honour and riches were
promised. Balaams initial response was wonderful, but
Though Bakak were to give me
rather than sending the men away, he invited them in to
his house full of silver and gold,
see what more the LORD would say.
I could not go beyond the word
God permits Balaam to go, but warns that he should only

of the Lord my God, to do less
or more. (Num 22:18)
speak what he was commanded to.
Balaams Donkey
Balaam saddled his donkey and departed. The LORD,

being angered at Balaam for going, stood before his donkey. Three times, the donkey
turned aside or lay down, seeing the Angel of the Lord. Balaam was angered, and struck
the donkey each time. After the third time, the donkey spoke and Balaam conversed with
her (v 28-30). Eventually, Balaams eyes were opened, and he saw ...the Angel of the
Lord standing in the way with His drawn sword in His hand...
Balaam was rebuked for both striking the donkey (who had saved his life) and for setting
out on this mission. The Lord has spoken on it the first time. He ought not to have obeyed.
Balaam admits his sin, and offers to turn back. But now it is Gods will that he go.
BALAAMS PROPHECIES (Ch. 23-24)
Balaams First Prophecy
From a high place of Baal, Balak showed Israel to Balaam. Balaam commanded seven
altars to be built, and seven bulls and seven rams to be sacrificed. After meeting with the
Lord, Balaam spoke a prophecy which exalted and blessed Israel
Balaams Second Prophecy
Balak shows another part of Israel to Balaam, asking that he curse them. Again, seven
altars are build, and seven bulls and seven rams are sacrificed. Again, after meetnig with
the Lord, Balaam brings a blessing upon Israel, referring to them as a lion who shall not
lie down until it devours the prey.
Balaams Third Prophecy
This third time, Balak shows Israel to

Balaam. Again, seven altars, seven bulls,
To Abraham :
seven rams. Again, Israel is blessed
I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse
him who curses you; and in you all the families of
through the prophet, his speech ending
the earth shall be blessed. (Gen 12:3)
with, ...blessed is he who blesses you,
and cursed is he who curses you.
-52-
Balaams Fourth Prophecy
Balaam invites Balak to come and here what Israel would do to his people. He prophesies
about the Lord coming to destroy those who opposed. Gods people would overcome;
other nations would be brought to nothing.
ISRAELS HARLOTRY (Ch. 25)
How sad that a people who had just been
While camping in the plains of Moab, the people

blessed by God through the words of a
eventually began to commit harlotry with the
prophet would turn so quickly to sin
women of Moab. Not only harlotry, but idolatry.
Moses was commanded to take the leaders of the

people and those who were guilty of sin, and hang them openly before the Lord.
Phinehas, being zealous for the Lord, chased down and killed an Israelite man who had
come in their presence, presenting a Midianite woman with him. Gods anger subsided.
In all, 24,000 people died due to their harlotry with the women of Moab.
THE SECOND CENSUS (Ch. 26)
As before, every male age 20 and above is counted in Isarel.

TRIBE
NUMBERS 1
DIFFERENCE
Reuben (26:5-11)................................................................................
46,500
43,730
(2,770)
Simeon (26:12-14)...............................................................................
59,300
22,200
(37,100)
Gad (26:15-18)....................................................................................
45,650
40,500
(5,150)
Judah (26:19-22).................................................................................
74,600
76,500
1,900
Issachar (26:23-25).............................................................................
54,400
64,300
9,900
Zebulun (26:26-27)..............................................................................
57,400
60,500
3,100
Ephraim (26:35-37).............................................................................
40,500
32,500
(8,000)
Manasseh (26:29-34)..........................................................................
32,200
52,700
20,500
Benjamin (26:38-41)............................................................................
35,400
45,600
10,200
Dan (26:42-43)....................................................................................
62,700
64,400
1,700
Asher (26:44-47).................................................................................
41,500
53,400
11,900
Naphtali (26:48-50)..............................................................................
53,400
45,400
(8,000)
603,550
601,730
(1,820)
TOTAL
NUMBERS 26
The land would be divided amongst these, according to the size of each tribe.
Like before, the number counted are only those who are
But among these there was not a
considered men of war. The total number of people,
man of those who were numbered
including women, children and the Levites could easily
by Moses and Aaron the priest
when they numbered the children
be 2,500,000+.
601,730 men of war listed in the census;
601,730 assuming each man had a wife (some may not have,
but some may have had more than one);
1,203,460 assuming two children per married couple (which is
an extremely conservative assumption);
23,000 Levites, as reported in chapter 3 (numbered from
1 month and above);
23,000 assumed women and female children among Levites
2,452,920
-53-
of Isarel in the W ilderness of

Sinai. For the Lord had said of
them, They shall surely die in the
wilderness. So there was not left
a man of them, except Caleb the
son of Jephunneh and Joshua the
son of Nun. (Num 26:64-65)
LAWS OF INHERITANCE & A NEW LEADER (Ch. 27)
The daughters of Zelophehad came to Moses and Eleazar, concerned about their fathers
inheritance. He had no sons. The Lord revealed to Moses that the daughters would
receive their portion. If a man had no sons or daughters, his portion was to go to his
brother. If he had no brothers, it would go to the next closest relative.
Moses was told he would see the promised land, but not enter. God selected Joshua as
the new leader of the nation.
OFFERINGS (Ch. 28-29)
Daily Offerings
Two lambs were offered daily (accompanied by grain and drink offerings), one in the
morning, the other in the evening.
On the Sabbath, two additional lambs would be offered.

Monthly Offerings
At the beginning of each month, 2 young bulls, 1 ram, 7 lambs, grain and drink offerings
were offered. As well, a kid (young goat) was offered as a sin offering.
Offerings of the Passover
On the 14th day of the 1st month, 2 young bulls, 1 ram and 7 lambs were offered, along
with a grain offering. As well, a kid (young goat) was offered as a sin offering. These
would be made for 7 days.
These were in addition to the customary daily offerings.

Offerings at the Feast of Weeks, Feast fo Trumpets & Day of Atonement
At each of these feasts, the offering was the same: a grain offering with 2 young bulls, 1
ram and 7 lambs were offered. A young goat was given as a sin offering.
Offerings at the Feast of Tabernacles
Different combination of offerings each day:

DAY
BULLS
RAMS
LAMBS
KIDS
13
14
12
14
11
14
10
14
14
14
14
VOWS TO THE LORD (Ch. 30)
If a man makes a vow to the Lord, he is bound to keep it. Also, if a woman makes a vow
to the Lord, and her father (if she is in his house) or her husband (if she is married) hears
it and holds his peace, she is bound to keep it.
However, if he (father or husband) hears it and overrules her, she is free from the word
of her vow.
-54-
BATTLING THE MIDIANITES (Ch. 31)
The Lord commanded that vengeance be taken against the Midianites for their schemes
and harassment against Israel (ch. 25). 12,000 men were sent to war against the
Midianites. All the males of Midian were killed in the war, kings included. The women,
children and goods were taken by Israel. Their cities were burned. All who went to battle
for Israel returned. Not a man was missing.
Moses was angry, for they had allowed

Look, these women caused the children of Israel,
the women to live. It was the women who
through the counsel of Balaam, to trespass
had caused Israel to sin, and thus a
against the LORD in the incident of Peor, and
there was a plague among the congregation of the
plague came upon them. He commanded
LORD. (Num 31:16)
that all the male children and any women
who had been with a man be put to death.
All the men of war, along with the spoils of

war were to remain outside the camp for 7 days, that they might be purified.
The spoils were distributed among the people:

TOTAL SPOIL
MEN OF WAR
PRIESTS
CONGREGATION
LEVITES
675,000 sheep
336,825
675
330,750
6,750
72,000 cows
35,928
72
35,280
720
61,000 donkeys
30,439
61
29,890
610
32,000 women
15,968
32
15,680
320
EAST OF JORDAN (Ch. 32)
The tribes of Reuben and Gad saw the land east of the Jordan was good, and desired to
stay there. Moses reminded them of their fathers sinfulness, who were at the edge of
Canaan, ready to possess it, but ceased to follow God, and thus died in the wilderness.
Would they bring this same fate on the current generation?
A solution was proposed. The men of war

Moses warned them :
would go onward, but leave their wives,
But if you do not do so, then take note, you have
children, flocks and herds in the land east
sinned against the Lord; and be sure your sin will
find you out. (Num 32:23)
of the Jordan. Once all Israel had received
their inheritance, they would return to the
land to receive it as a possession.
REVIEW AND FINAL PREPARATIONS TO ENTER CANAAN (Ch. 33-36)
Moses was commanded to write down the starting points of their journeys. Their journeys
from leaving Rameses in Egypt until camping in the plains of Moab are (33:1-49).
The people were given instructions for when they entered the land:
W hen you have crossed the Jordan into the land of Canaan, then you shall drive out all the inhabitants
of the land from before you, destroy all their engraved stones, destroy all their molded images, and
demolish all their high places; you shall dispossess the inhabitants of the land and dwell in it, for I have
given you the land to possess. (Num 33:51-53)
They were also warned:

But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you, then it shall be that those whom you
let remain shall be irritants in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they shall harass you in the land
where you dwell. Moreover it shall be that I will do to you as I thought to do to them. (Num 33:55-56)
-55-
Boundaries of Canaan Established
The southern border would stretch from the wilderness of Zin along the border of Edom,
eastward to the end of the Salt Sea.
The western border would be the Great Sea.
The northern border would be from the Great Sea to Hazar Enan.
The eastern border would be from Hazar Enan toward the Jordan, and would follow the
Jordan to the Salt Sea.
The land inside these borders would be distributed amongst the children of Israel, except
for the children of Reuben, Gad and the tribe of Manasseh.
Cities for the Levites
The Levites were to receive cities from the inheritance for Israel, as well as common land
surrounding the cities. There would be 48 Levitical cities in all.
Cities of Refuge
Cities of refuge were provided for those who had accidentally killed an individual. They
could flee to these from an avenger of blood, and be safe there. Six cities of refuge would
be named, 3 on each side of the Jordan.
A distinction is made between a manslayer and a murderer. If there is intent to injure, it

is murder. If it is accidental, it is a manslaying. There was no refuge for a murderer.
One who had fled to a city of refuge had to remain there until the high priests death. To
leave the city before such a time left him open to the avenger of blood.
Trial of a Murderer
One witness was not sufficient testimony to put a man to death. There had to be a plurality
of witnesses.
A murderer could not be ransomed, he was to be put to death. Neither could a manslayer
be ransomed. He had to wait for the death of the high priest.
Concern Among the Family of Manasseh
Recall the daughters of Zelophehad were to receive an inheritance, for they had no
brothers. Further instruction is given here. A woman who had received an inheritance
may marry only in her own tribe, thus, keeping the possession in the appropriate tribe.
-56-
Remember And Keep The Law

Deuteronomy 1-11
Deuteronomy consists of the parting counsels of Moses

delivered to Israel in view of the impending entrance upon their
covenanted possession. It contains a summary of the
wilderness wanderings of Israel, which is important as unfolding
the moral judgment of God upon those events, repeates the
Decalogue to a generation which had grown up in the
wilderness; gives needed instruction as to the conduct of Israel
in the land, and contains the Palestinian Covenant (30:1-9).
The book breathes the sternness of the Law.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
(Scofield Reference Notes, Old Scofield, 1917 Edition)
INTERESTING FACTS OF DEUTERONOMY
The book is written in a treaty style,

commonly used among the Hittities.
This style of writing was not used after
1200 B.C.. The book serves as a
constitution, a binding agreement
between God and His people.
Jesus quoted Deuteronomy more than

any other Old Testament book. It is
referred to more than 80 times in the
New Testament.
Three words are key in the book:

covenant (27 times), love (20 times),
and heed/obey (20 times).
TREATY
INTENT
TEXT
Historical
Prologue
Defines relationship of ruler to

subjects
1:6-3:29
Basic
Stipulations
Defines general principles

guiding behaviour
5:1-11:32
Detailed
Stipulations
Lists some specific rules to be

followed
12:1-26:19
Document
Clause
Citizens ratify constitution
27:1-26
Blessings
List of benefits to relationship
28:1-14
Curses
List of penalties for breaking

treaty regulations
28:15-68
Recapitulation
Reviews and sums up the treaty
29:1-30:10
MOSES FIRST SPEECH (Ch. 1-4:40)

Review of Israels History
At Mount Sinai, leaders were chosen from among the tribes to aid Moses in addressing
the troubles of the people. These were cautioned to be impartial in their judgments.
Leaving Sinai, they came to Kadesh Barnea, from which they sent out spies into the land
which God promised to them. The spies came back with a bad report, which the people
heeded it. Thus, God determined that they would not enter, but wander in the wilderness
for 40 years. Recall, the people acknowledged their sin, and then attempted to go up into
the land of promise, but were driven back by the Amorites.
Moses briefly summarizes the journey of

Moses m entions the giants in various lands, for
Israel from Mount Sinai, until all from the
Israel had feared the giants in Canaan rather than
former generation had perished. As he
obeying the Lord. But if the Lord could give land
speaks of these years, he notes how the
with giants to the Edom ites, Moabites, Am m onites
Lord fulfilled for other nations what He
and Philistines, certainly He could and would
sought to do for Israel. Note
deliver the giants in Canaan to His chosen people.
They should not have been afraid, but rather
As the current generation approached the

trusted in the Lord.
promised land, God gave them the land of
Sihon, king of the Amorites and Og, king
of Bashan, as both stood against them.
-57-
Moses adds a personal note, about his pleading with the Lord to enter the land, but the
Lord would not hear the matter. He would permit Moses to see the land, but not to enter
the land. Joshua was commanded to leave the people into the land of inheritance.
Obey The Lord
The history of Israel is a lesson in the blessing of obedience and the judgment which
accompanies disobedience. Now, Moses closes this message with a consistent
admonition to obedience (4:1-2, 5-6, 9-10, 13-14, 23, 40).
Along with the admonition to keep the commandments of God, the Israelites are warned
about idolatry (4:15-19). Recall, the former generation was guilty of idolatry (the golden
calf, Exodus 32), and this generation had been guilty of idolatry (the harlotry in Moab,
Numbers 25).
MOSES SECOND SPEECH (Ch. 4:44-11)
Beware Lest You Forget
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
Moses spoke to the people, The

- You shall have no other gods before Me.
LORD our God made a covenant
- You shall not m ake for yourself a carved im age.
- You shall not take the nam e of the LORD your God in vain.
with us in Horeb. The LORD did not
- Observe the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
make this covenant with our
- Honour your father and your m other.
fathers, but with us, those hwo are
- You shall not m urder.
here today, all of us who are alive.
- You shall not com m it adultery.
(5:2-3) The covenant was not only
- You shall not steal.
- You shall not bear false witness.
with their fathers, but also with
- You shall not covet.
them. Moses here repeats the 10
commandments, as were
previously given in Exodus 20.
Great emphasis is placed upon knowing

THE ESSENCE OF THE LAW
and keeping the Lords commandments
And now, Israel, what does the LORD your God
(5:32-33; 6:1-2, 3, 5-6, 7-9, 13, 17-18,
require of you, but to fear the LORD your God, to
walk in all His ways and to love Him , to serve the
7:11; 8:1, 6; 11:22, 32)
LORD your God with all your heart and with all
Time and again, the Israelites are warned

your soul, and to keep the com m andm ents of the
not to forget the Lords commandments,
LORD and His statutes which I com m and you
nor His mercy for them (6:10-12; 8:2, 10today for your good? (10:12-13)
14, 18-19; 9:7)
Moses gives examples of the blessings of

God for their obedience (ch. 6), and the judgment of God on their disobedience (ch. 9).
Behold, I set before you today a blessing and a curse: the blessing, if you obey the
commandments of the LORD your God which I command you today; and the curse, if you
do not obey the commandments of the LORD your God, but turn aside from the way which
I command you today, to go after other gods which you have not known. (11:26-28)
-58-
The Second Giving Of The Law

Deuteronomy 12-26
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
MOSES SECOND SPEECH, continued... (Ch. 12-26)

A Place And Method Of Worship (ch. 12)
Israel was to destroy the places of false worship in the

land and their gods, so as to ...destroy their names from
that place. (v 3). They were forbidden to worship God on
the high places where the Gentiles worshipped, and were
also forbidden to worship God in the same way the
Gentiles worshipped their gods. God would prescribe both
a place and method of worship.
Prior to being established in the land, their

You shall not at all do as we are doing here today
worship was lacking in organization. When in the
every man doing whatever is right in his own eyes for
land, God would establish a place of worship,
as yet you have not come to the rest and the
inheritance which the LORD your God is giving you.
where all their religious service would take place.
(Deut 12:8-9)
Dealing With Apostates (ch. 13)
APOSTATE
APOSTASY
one who commits apostasy

renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a previous
loyalty; defection (Merriam-Webster)
If a prophet comes, bearing a message from a

...you shall not consent to him or listen to him, nor
shall your eye pity him, nor shall you spare him or
false god, do not listen to him, even if the
conceal him., but you shall surely kill him, you hand
prophecy comes true. He is to be put to death.
shall be first against him to put him to death, and
afterward the hand of all the people. (Deut 13:8-9)
If one who is close (sibling, child, wife, friend)

attempts to turn another from the LORD to false
gods, that one is to be put to death.
If a city is reported to have turned from the LORD to false gods, the report was to be
investigated, and if found true, the city was to be utterly destroyed and never again rebuilt.
Three words are key in the book: covenant (27 times), love (20 times), and heed/obey (20
times).
Holiness And Care For Others (ch. 14)
It was a practice among the Gentiles to cut themselves and shave their heads for a variety
of reasons. The Israelites were not to imitate these abominations.
As were previously given, Moses reminds this generation of the clean and unclean
animals. They could eat of the clean, but were not permitted to eat the unclean.
They were to be faithful in their tithing, for this was the means whereby the Levites would
receive their inheritance. If it was too far to carry your tithe, then you could convert it to
money and bring the money to give to the Levites.
Every seven years, all debts to fellow Israelites

For the LORD your God will bless you just as He
promised you; you shall lend to many nations, but
would be cancelled. One could still collect from
you shall not borrow; you shall reign over many
foreigners, but not from his fellow Israelite. Also, all
nations, but they shall not reign over you.
(Deut 15:6)
Hebrew slaves were freed; to be sent away with
The rich rules over the poor, and the borrower is
provisions to restart their lives. The slave could
servant to the lender. (Pr 22:7)
choose to stay if he or she wished. Then, he or she
would be your servant forever.
The seventh year forgiveness of debt might cause

one to be less giving than otherwise, so they were warned not to harden their hearts. The
poor were to be cared for; this was Gods will.
-59-
For the poor will never cease from the land;

For you have the poor with you always, and
therefore I command you, saying, You shall open
whenever you wish you may do them good; but
Me you do not have always. (Mk 14:7)
your hand wide to your brother, to your poor and
your needy, in your land. (Deut 15:11)
Observe The Feast Days (ch. 16)
The three major feasts are reviewed: the Passover, the Feast of Weeks (Harvest), and the
Feast of Tabernacles (Ingathering). These were required feasts, and they were to come
bearing gifts for the Lord in proportion to the way the Lord had blessed them.
Governance Among The People (ch. 17)
Judges were to be appointed among the people who would judge matters among the
people of their tribes. If a matter arises which is too hard for you to judge..., they were
to go to the priests in the place appointed by God and inquire of them.
Instruction is given regarding the institution of and conduct of a king in Israel. He shall be
a king ...whom the LORD your God chooses... The king would:
1) not multiply horses for himself;
If God foretells the coming of a monarch in
2) not multiply wives for himself;
Israel, and even selects the king, why does
3) not multiply silver and gold for himself;
He later say that the people have forsaken
4) write for himself a copy of the Law
Him by asking for a king? (1 Samuel 8:7)
which he was required to read
continually.
Levites Portion, Avoid Wickedness & A Prophet To Come (ch. 18)
The Levites did not receive an inheritance as the other tribes, but would live on the
offerings made to the Lord. The priests were to receive the proper portion from the
sacrifices of the people.
The abominations of the former inhabitants of the land were not to be found among the
people of God. They were not to engage in false worship, witchcraft, sorcery, or spiritism.
These practices are the very reason why God would dispossess the people in the land.
God would eventually raise up for the

But since then there has not arisen in Israel a prophet like
people a prophet from among them, one
Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face, in all the signs and
like unto Moses, who would reveal the law
wonders which the LORD sent him to do in the land of Egypt,
before Pharaoh, before all his servants, and in all his land, and
of God. This is a Messianic prophecy, and
by all that mighty power and all the great terror which Moses
was so applied by the apostles (Acts 3:22).
performed in the sight of all Israel. (Deut 34:10-12)
Warning was given for those who might

presume to speak as a prophet of the
LORD, but whom He had not commissioned to speak for Him. Such a one would be put
to death, and could be identified, for the things which he spoke would not come to pass.
Cities Of Refuge And Treatment Of Neighbour (ch. 19)
As three cities of refuge were set up on the East side of the Jordan River, so three cities
of refuge would be set up on the West side of the Jordan.
One was not to mistreat his neighbour by removing landmarks

Your eye shall not pity: life shall
be for life, eye for eye, tooth for
which establish boundaries, or by testifying falsely in a matter.
tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
If one so mistreated another, the elders of the city were to
(Deut 19:21)
judge between the two, and do to the one as he thought to do
to his brother.
-60-
Principles For Warfare
When going to battle against a superior foe, they were not to be afraid. The priests were
to speak to the people as they were on the verge of battle, and to remind them of the
LORDs presence among them.
After the priest speaks, then the officer spoke to the men, and exemption from battle
would be granted if one of the following were applicable:
C Any who had built a house but had not yet dedicated it;
C Any who had planted a vineyard and had not yet eaten of it;
C Any who was engaged to a woman, but not yet married to her;
C Any who cowardly, lest his faint heart affect others also.
An offer of peace was to be made upon the approach of a city,

Thus you shall do to all the
cities which are very far from
and if it was accepted, the people were placed under tribute
you, which are not of the cities
and would be servants. If the offer was not accepted, the Lord
of these nations. (Deut 20:15)
would deliver it into their hands. The men were to be killed, the
women, children, livestock and spoil would become possession
of the Israelites.
Miscellaneous Laws (ch. 21)
If a man is found murdered in the field, but it is unknown who killed him, the nearby cities
are to measure their distance from the slain man, and the nearest city will make an
offering of atonement to put away the guilt of innocent blood from among them.
A woman who was taken captive may become an Israelite mans wife, after a month of
purification and mourning on her part.
A man is not to deal dishonourably with his firstborn son. He is to receive the inheritance
which is due the firstborn, even if his mother is unloved in his fathers eyes.
A rebellious son who would not listen to chastening was to be brought to the gates of the
city and would be stoned to death.
Respect your neighbours goods. Return what is found lost; help lift up a fallen beast.
A woman is not to wear mens clothing, nor is a man to wear womens clothing.
Respect nature: do not take the mother bird with the eggs or its young.
When building a house, put a bannister around the roof, so no one will fall and be injured.
Sow only one kind of seed in a field / Do not plow with an ox and donkey together / Do not
wear garments of mixed materials.
Sexual sins (pre-marital sex, adultery, rape, incest) are addressed, and the associated
penalties outlined.
A listing is given of those who cannot enter the assembly of Israel: those emasculated,
illegitimately born, the Ammonites or Moabites (to the 10th generation). The Edomites and
Egyptians could enter, in the 3rd generation.
The camp of the army of the Lord must be kept clean, for the Lord walks in the midst of
the camp.
An escaped slave is not to be returned to his master.
The wages of a harlot or the price of a dog would not be brought to the house of the Lord
as an offering.
No interest was to be charged to another Israelite.
If you make a vow, keep your vow quickly. It was not necessary to make vows.
One may eat freely of his neighbours vineyard or field as he walks through it, but is not
to gather or harvest it.
-61-
If a man has divorced a woman and she has married another man, if the second husband
divorces her or dies, the first husband cannot take her to be his wife again.
A newly married man is not to go to war or be involved in business dealings, but is to

spend a year at home with his new wife.
Kidnappers are to be put to death.
In the midst of an outbreak of leprosy, take special care to observe all that is commanded
by the Lord through the priests and Levites. Remember Miriam.
When lending to a man, you shall receive what he gives as a pledge, and if he is poor, you
will return his pledged to him before the night comes.
Do not oppress a hired servant. Give him his wages each day.
Each one shall receive the penalty for his own sins.
Use diligent justice with strangers, fatherless and widows, keeping in mind that you once
were strangers in Egypt. When youve brought in your crops, and have left some behind,
do not go back for it, but leave it for the strangers, fatherless and widows.
One who is guilty and deserving a beating shall

Deuteronomy 25:4 is quotes twice in the New
Testament (1 Cor 9:9; 1 Tim 5:18), and is used to
not be given more than 40 blows.
teach that a labourer in the gospel is worthy of
Do not muzzle an ox while it treads out the grain.

receiving payment for his work.
If a man dies having no son, his brother shall

take his wife as his wife, and provide an heir for
his dead brother, lest his name be blotted out of
Israel. If he is not willing to take her, he is shamed before the elders of the city. His name
shall be called in Israel, The house of him who had his sandal removed. (25:10)
No low blows. A woman who does so to a man will lose her hand.
No differing weights or differing measures, ie. do not pervert the scales.
The Amalekites were to be destroyed for their mistreatment of Israel when they were
coming out of Egypt. ...blot out the remembrance of Amalek... You shall not forget.
Firstfruits, Tithes And Mutual Vow (ch. 26)
When they had settled in the land, they were to bring their firstfruits to the Lord in
thanksgiving for His goodness to them. Likewise, they were to bring their tithes before the
Lord, just as He had commanded.
Moses ends this discourse with these words:

This day the LORD your God commands you to observe these statutes and judgments;
therefore you shall be careful to observe them with all your heart and with all your soul.
Today you have proclaimed the LORD to be your God, and that you will walk in His ways
and keep His statutes, His commandments, and His judgments, and that you will obey His
voice. Also today the LORD has proclaimed you to be His special people, just as He
promised you, that you should keep all His commandments, and that He will set you high
above all nations which He has made, in praise, in name, and in honor, and that you may
be a holy people to the LORD your God, just as He has spoken. (Deut 26:16-19)
-62-
Blessings, Curses And Moses Death

Deuteronomy 27-34
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
MOSES THIRD SPEECH (Ch. 27-30)

The Inscribed Law (ch. 27)
Just after crossing the Jordan, the people were to set up

large whitewashed stones, upon which they would inscribe
...all the words of this law... This may refer to the entirety
of the Law (4:44-26:19), the Ten Commandments (5:621), or the Blessings and Curses which are to follow
(27:15-28:68). Which it is, it cannot be absolutely
determined. I personally take the position that it is the third
of these. The first seems unlikely, given the length of the
Law in its entirety. The second likewise seems unlikely, as
the Ten Commandments do not give a complete picture of Gods Law with Israel. The
third, the Blessings and Curses, serves as a summary of the Law, and includes the
benefits of obeying and the detriment of disobedience.
Immediately upon entrance into the land, they

You shall offer peace offerings, and shall eat there,
were to make sacrifice to the LORD. Though
and rejoice before the LORD your God. (Deut 27:7)
there was much work ahead of them, upon
crossing the Jordan, they were in their homeland.
This was reason to rejoice before the LORD.
Curses Pronounced (ch. 27)
Once on the West side of the Jordan, the people would be

Amen Heb. amen
sure; abstract, faithfulness; adverb,
assembled on Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal, and there the
truly: Amen, so be it, truth.
Blessings and Curses would be pronounced. The ceremony
would begin with 12 curses proclaimed by the Levites, to
which the assembly would reply in unison, Amen!
The 12 curses proclaimed here quickly summarize key points in the Law:
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Carved or m olded im ages

Lack of respect for parents
Cheating a neighbour
Mistreating the lam e
Perverting justice.
Bestiality
Incestuous activity
Violence
Disobedience to the Law
Blessings For Obedience (ch. 28)

Now it shall come to pass, if you DILIGENTLY obey the voice
of the LORD your God, to OBSERVE CAREFULLY ALL His
Note the key words used in Moses

commandments which I command you today... (Deut 28:1)
introduction to the Blessings.
How would God bless Israel for their

obedience to His will?
1) They would be set above all the nations of the earth (v 1, 10)
2) They would be blessed regardless where they lived or went (v 3, 6)
3) Their offspring, crops, herds and flocks would increase (v 4, 11)
4) Their food would be blessed (v 5)
5) They would be victorious over any enemies who come against them (v 7, 13)
6) They would have good stored up and their work would be blessed (v 8, 12)
NOTE A KEY BLESSING:
The LORD will open to you His good treasure, the heavens, to give the rain to your land in its season.. (28:12)
-63-
Curses For Disobedience (ch. 28)
The curses were intended to effect repentance if the nation turned from the LORD. Recall
when the curses were given in Leviticus 26, they came in phases (v 14, 18, 21, 23, 27).
Deuteronomy does not subdivide the curses, but simply lists all that would come upon
Israel should they walk in disobedience.
Keep in mind, the purpose of the curses was to bring Israel to repentance. If they should
turn from their wickedness and walk uprightly before God, then He would turn from His
wrath against them, and bring the former blessings upon them.
The curses listed are extensive. They include:

C
C
C
C
Exact opposite of each blessing (v 16-20)

Plagues (v 21-22, 27, 35, 38-40, 42,
59-61)
The rains would not fall upon the land
(v 23-24)
They would fall before their enem ies
(v 25)
C
C
C
C
Madness, blindness and confusion

(v 28-29, 34, 65-67)
Others would get their blessings (v 30-33)
They would be captives (v 36, 41, 43-44,
48-52, 68)
They would eat their own children
(v 53-57)
Note the language used to speak of how the blessings would come upon them, and how
the curses would come upon them:
And all these blessings shall com e upon you and
overtake you, because you obey the voice of the
LORD your God. (v 2)
Moreover all these curses shall com e upon you

and pursue and overtake you, until you are
destroyed, because you did not obey the voice of
the LORD your God, to keep His com m andm ents
and His statutes which He com m anded you. (v 45)
Entering Into The Covenant (ch. 29-30)
Moses calls to the memory of the children

Yet the LORD has not given you a heart to perceive and eyes
to see and ears to hear, to this very day. (Deut 29:4)
of Israel all that God has done for them.
COMPARE:
1) The plagues of Egypt and their
And He said, Go and tell this people: Keep on hearing, but do
deliverance from that land;
not understand; keep on seeing, but do not perceive. Make the
heart of this people dull, and their ears heavy, and shut their
2) In the forty years of wandering, their
eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears,
clothes and sandals did not wear out;
and understand with their heart, and return and be healed.
(Isa 6:9-10)
3) Military victories over Sihon and Og.
Why do you not understand My speech? Because you are not
Moses calls upon the leaders, the men,

able to listen to My words. (Jn 8:43)
women and children to enter this covenant
with God soberly, acknowledging the
goodness of God, but also the severity of
The secret things belong to the LORD our God, but those
things which are revealed belong to us and to our children
God, should they not obey His word.
forever, that we may do all the words of this law. (Deut 29:29)
Notice the prophetic manner which Moses

For this commandment which I command you today is not too
uses as he speaks of the destruction which
mysterious for you, nor it is far off. It is not in heaven, that you
would result from disobedience. It would
should say, Who will ascend into heaven for us and bring it to
us, that we may hear it and do it? Nor is it beyond the sea,
happen.
But do not mistake Gods
that you should say, Who will go over the sea for us and bring
foreknowledge for Gods providence. God
it to us, that we may hear it and do it? But the word is very
near you, in your mouth and in your heart, that you may do it.
knew it would happen, He did not make it
(Deut 30:11-14)
happen, not desire it.
When they would return, the LORD would

gather them again to the land He had given
them. The former blessings would come upon them again.
Moses closes his discourse by referring to the blessings and curses in this way: life and
good, death and evil.
-64-
JOSHUAS LEADERSHIP, ISRAELS REBELLION (ch. 31)

BE STRONG AND OF GOOD COURAGE
Moses had been commanded by God to
Moses would not cross over with them. He would die

encourage Joshua as he would soon lead the
on the East side of the Jordan. Joshua would go with
people (Deut 1:38; 3:28). As his leadership
approached, Moses encouraged him (31:7, 23)
the people and lead them.
as did the people of Israel (Josh 1:6, 7, 9)
The Law having been completed, Moses delivered it

to the Levites and the elders of Israel. It was
commanded that the Law be read publicly in its
entirety every seven years, at the Feast of Tabernacles in the year of release. The book
of the Law was kept in the ark of the covenant, that it might witness against the people
when they departed from God.
God foretold to Moses and Joshua the disobedience which would come among Gods
people. In view of the fact that they would depart from the LORD, He commanded Moses
to write a song, which would ...be a witness for Me against the children of Israel.
THE SONG OF MOSES (ch. 32)
Moses taught the song he was commanded to write to the children of Israel. When words
are put to song, they come to the mind more readily. Even when in captivity, having been
taught this song, Gods people would recall its words, and it would witness against them.
The content of the song can be summarized as follows:

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Exaltation of the God of heaven (1-4)

They have corrupted them selves (5-6)
Rem em ber the land God had prom ised (7-9)
Rem em ber how God lead the people from Egypt (10-12)
Verse 15 refers to Jeshurun.
Rem em ber the blessings which God had given (13-14)
This is a symbolic name for
Israel, meaning the upright.
Rem em ber how you have fallen (15-18)
The LORDs response to disobedience (19-22)
The LORDs restraint in punishing them (23-27)
The LORDs desire for them to consider their latter end (28-33)
The LORDs com passion on Israel and judgm ent upon their enem ies (34-42)
The LORD will restore His people (43) [NOTE Rejoice, O Gentiles, with His people... gospel foreshadow]
How important was obedience to Gods word?

Set your hearts on all the words which I testify among you today, which you shall command your children
to be careful to observe all the words of this law. For it is not a futile thing for you, because it is your life,
and by these words you shall prolong your days in the land which you cross over the Jordan to possess.
(32:46-47)
MOSES FINAL WORDS TO ISRAEL (ch. 33)
A blessing is pronounced by Moses to the people. To the whole, a reminder of Gods love
for His people and the Law which He had given to them.
R E U B EN
ZE B U LU N
deserved death, but would live and prosper
Blessings in war and in the sea
J UD AH
ISS A C H A R
preem inence in Israel and victory over enem ies
Blessings in peace and pasture dwelling
LE V I
GAD
blessed as teachers; substance is inheritance
Blessed in battle and the land East of the Jordan
B E N JAM IN
DAN
dwelt near the tem ple, and blessed for loyalty
Courageous in battle, Sam son cam e from this tribe
E P H R AIM
N AP H TALI
Blessing, prosperity and favour because of Joseph
Blessed with trade from W est & South & rich soil
M AN AS S EH
AS H E R
Blessing, prosperity and favour because of Joseph
nam e m eans blessed, iron/copper m ines in region
Moses final words to Israel prompt them to consider the greatness of God, the protection
which He is willing to give them, and the great place they possess as His people.
-65-
MOSES DEATH (ch. 34)
After his final message to Israel, Moses ascended Mount

Nebo, where the LORD showed him all the land which was
visible that Israel would inherit.
The Israelites wept for Moses. They began to look for a

prophet who would be like Moses, but none was yet found
(34:10-12)
-66-
Moses was one hundred and twenty

years old when he died. His eyes
were not dim nor his natural vigor
diminished. (34:7)
Preparing To Take The Land

Joshua 1-5
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
A NEW LEADER AND ORGANIZING THE NATION (Ch. 1)
The story continues uninterrupted from Deuteronomy into

the book of Joshua. Moses is dead; Joshua is called as his
replacement to lead the people of Israel.
God emphasized to Joshua

Be Strong And Of Good Courage
the need for strength, courage
- v 6.....God to Joshua
and obedience. With these,
...you will make your way
- v 18....the Israelites to Joshua
prosperous, and then you will
have good success. (v 8)
In 3 days, they would cross the Jordan to take the land

which God had promised. Joshua instructed the people to prepare provisions and prepare
themselves.
And it was told the king of Jericho, saying, Behold, men
have come here tonight from the children of Israel to search
THE JERICHO SPIES (Ch. 2)
out the country. (v 2)
Two Israelite men were sent to spy out the

Rahab said: I know that the LORD has given you the land,
land, especially Jericho. Note, the people of
that the terror of you has fallen on us, and that all the
inhabitants of the land are fainthearted because of you. For
Canaan knew about Israels conquest
we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red
Rahab, a harlot, lodged the men while they

Sea for you when you came out of Egypt, and what you did
to the two kings of the Amorites who were on the other side
were in Jericho. She also diverted the kings
of the Jordan, Sihon and Og, whom you utterly destroyed.
men who had come to seize them. Since
And as soon as we heard these things, our hearts melted;
neither did there remain any more courage in anyone
she helped the spies, it was arranged that
because of you, for the LORD your God, He is God in
she and her family would survive the
heaven above and on earth beneath. (v 9-11)
conquest. When Israel attacked Jericho, they
would know Rahabs home by the scarlet
cord in her window.
When the spies returned, they reported, Truly the LORD has delivered all the land into
our hands, for indeed all the inhabitants of the country are fainthearted because of us. (v
24) No doubt the former generation was equally fearful (if not more), but the Israelites of
that generation lacked faith.
CROSSING THE JORDAN (Ch. 3-4)
When it came time to cross the Jordan, the priests would

During the harvest tim e, the
bear the ark. When they came to the Jordan, the waters were
Jordan River overflows its
cut off and it heaped up. While the priests stood in the midst
banks. It was at this tim e of
year when Israel cam e to
of the Jordan, the nation crossed over on dry land.
the Jordan to cross into the
After all the people had crossed, twelve men, one from each
land of Canaan.
tribe, took stones from the midst of the Jordan. These would
be set up as a memorial in Gilgal. Also, Joshua set up 12
stones in the midst of the Jordan as a memorial.
The memorials would serve to teach future generations of Israelites, and ...that all the
peoples of the earth may know the hand of the LORD, that it is mighty, that you may fear
the LORD your God forever. (v 24)
-67-
FINAL PREPARATIONS (Ch. 5)
The kings of the land lost heart when they

heard how the Israelites came into the land.
God commanded Joshua to make a knife

and to circumcise all the males. None of
those who were born while in the wilderness
had been circumcised. After they were
circumcised, God declared that the
reproach of Egypt had been rolled away
from them.
The people kept the Passover on the plains

of Jericho. There, they ate the produce of
the land. The manna ceased.
Joshua had an experience somewhat like

the experience Moses had at the burning
bush, as the LORD appeared to him as
the Commander of the army of the LORD.
-68-
This is My covenant which you shall keep, between Me and

you and your descendants after you: every male child among
you shall be circumcised; and you shall be circumcised in the
flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a covenant between
Me and you. He who is eight days old among you shall be
circumcised, every male child in your generations, he who is
born in your house or bought with money from any foreigner
who is not your descendant. He who is born in your house
and he who is bought with your money must be circumcised,
and My covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting
covenant. And the uncircumcised male child, who is not
circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that person shall be
cut off from his people; he has broken My covenant.
(Genesis 16:10-14)
And it came to pass, when Joshua was by Jericho, that he

lifted his eyes and looked, and behold, a Man stood opposite
him, with His sword drawn in His hand. And Joshua went to
Him and said to Him, Are You for us or for our adversaries?
So He said, No, but as Commander of the army of the LORD
I have now come. And Joshua fell on his face to the earth
and worshipped, and said to Him, What does my Lord say to
His servant? Then the Commander of the LORDs army said
to Joshua, Take your sandal off your foot, for the place where
you stand is holy. And Joshua did so. (5:13-15)
Conquest And Settling Of The Land

Joshua 6-24
Now Jericho was securely shut up
DESTRUCTION OF JERICHO (Ch. 6)
because of the children of Israel;
God gave Joshua directions for

none went out, and none came in.
how the children of Israel
(Joshua 6:1)
would be victorious at Jericho.
They would walk around the
walled city once per day for six days. On the seventh day,
they would walk around Jericho seven times, followed by
a great shout. Thus, the walls would fall.
On the seventh day, after the seventh round, the people

were commanded to overtake the city. They were told:
to spare Rahab and all who were with her;
abstain from the accursed things;
bring the silver and gold, bronze and iron for the treasury
of the LORD.
The city was destroyed, Rahab and her family were saved.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
So the LORD was with Joshua, and

his fame spread throughout all the
country. (Joshua 6:27)
THE STRUGGLE FOR AI (Ch. 7-8)
Men were sent to spy out Ai and the country around it. They returned, suggesting that only
two or three thousand be sent to attack Ai, for there were few people there. Joshua sent
3,000 men, but they fled from the battle, and 36 Israelites were struck down. Joshua
inquired before the LORD (7:7-9). The LORD responded (7:10-15) by identifying the sin
in Israel. Someone had taken of the accursed items in Jericho.
Achan was identified as the transgressor. He confessed his

Achan lit. trouble, troublesome
sin, and both he and the items which he had taken were
destroyed.
The troubler of Israel being removed, they are ready to go up to take Ai. Rather than the
two or three thousand advised by the spies, God told Joshua to take all the men of war.
They would set an ambush, and thus overtake the city.
After defeating the city, Joshua wrote the words of the Law on the stones, as the LORD
had commanded, and the people separated onto Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal, as they
had been commanded. The Law, with the blessings and the curses were read before the
people.
GIBEONITE TREATY (Ch. 9)
When the success of Israel was heard by the kings of the land,
they gathered together to fight. But the Gibeonites, chose
deceit over battle. They sent to Joshua ambassadors, clothed
and provided as though they had journeyed a long way.
Israel listened to the Gibeonite lies (v 6, 9, 12, 13), and based

their decision to make peace with them upon their word and
the condition of their provisions. But ...they did not ask
counsel of the LORD. (v 14)
Because of the covenant, the Gibeonites saved their lives and

became servants (woodcutters and water carriers) in Israel.
-69-
CONQUEST AND DIVISION OF THE LAND (Ch. 10-19)
Several kings of the land, hearing of the treaty between Israel

Sun, stand still over Gibeon; and
Moon, in the Valley of Aijalon. So
and Gibeon, gathered together to attack Gibeon. Receiving
the sun stood still, and the moon
word of the attack, the Israelites went to defend Gibeon. The
stopped, till the people had
revenge upon their enemies.
LORD played a big role in the battle, routing the enemy before
(Joshua 10:12-13)
the Israelites, and causing hail stones to fall from heaven
upon the enemy. It was on this day that the sun stood still until
not an enemy stood before the LORDs people.
The kings who attached Gibeon hid in a cave,

which quickly became a prison, as Joshua
So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the
commanded a stone be rolled over the mouth of
LORD had said to Moses, and Joshua gave it as an
inheritance to Israel according to their divisions by their
the cave. After the pursuit of their enemies was
tribes. Then the land rested from war. (Joshua 10:40)
finished, Joshua and the men of Israel returned
Only to the tribe of Levi he had given no inheritance; the
to the cave to kill the kings.
sacrifices of the LORD God of Israel made by fire are
their inheritance, as He said to them. (Joshua 13:14)
After successfully defending Gibeon, and

defeating the kings who rose up against her,
Israel campaigned in the
South, and then the North,
taking possession of the land
which God had promised.
O n ce t h e l a n d wa s
conquered, Joshua divided it
among the children of Israel,
as he was commanded.
Caleb, was given Hebron as

his inheritance, which had
formerly been called Kirjath
Arba; named for the greatest
among the Anakim. Not only
did Caleb (age 85) drive out
the sons of Anak from
Hebron, but he purged Debir
of the inhabitants also.
After all the land had been

divided, the children of Israel
gave Joshua his inheritance,
Timnath Serah, in the
mountains of Ephraim.
CITIES OF REFUGE
Kedesh
Shechem
Hebron
Bezer
Ramoth
Golan
In addition to the cities of refuge being

appointed, Israel also appointed cities for the
Levites. They did not have an inheritance as
the rest of the people did, but they were given
cities in which to dwell among their brethren.
-70-
GODS PROMISE FULFILLED (Ch. 21:43-45)
Recall the threefold promise made to

Abraham by the LORD?
(1) The NATION promise;
(2) The LAND promise;
(3) The SEED promise.
God has fulfilled the NATION promise:

C
THE HUB OF THE BIBLE

Now the LORD had said to Abram, Get out of your country,
from your family and from your fathers house, (Promise #2)
to a land that I will show you. (Promise #1) I will make you a
great nation; I will bless you and make your name great; and
you shall be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and
I will curse him who curses you; and (Promise #3) in you all
the families of the earth shall be blessed....Then the LORD
appeared to Abram and said, (Promise #2) To your
descendants I will give this land. And there he built an altar to
the LORD, who had appeared to him. (Genesis 12:1-3, 7)
Your fathers went down to Egypt with seventy

persons, and now the LORD your God has
made you as the stars of heaven in m ultitude.
(Deuteronom y 10:22)
My father was a Syrian, about to perish, and he went down to Egypt and dwelt there, few in number; and
there he became a nation, great, mighty and populous. (Deuteronomy 26:5)
Now, God has fulfilled the LAND promise:

C So the LORD gave to Israel all the land of which
He had sworn to give to their fathers, and they took

possession of it and dwelt in it. The LORD gave them rest all around, according to all that He had sworn
to their fathers. And not a m an of all their enemies stood against them; the LORD delivered all their
enemies into their hands. Not a word failed of any good thing which the LORD had spoken to the house
of Israel. All came to pass. (Joshua 21:43-45)
You are the LORD God, who chose Abram, and brought him out of Ur of the Chaldeans, and gave him
the name Abraham; You found his heart faithful before You, and made a covenant with him to give the
land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, and the Girgashites to
give it to his descendants. You have performed Your words, for You are righteous. (Nehem iah 9:7-8)
JOSHUAS FINAL ADDRESS TO ISRAEL (Ch. 23-24)

Note, there was a rem nant of
the people from the nations
Joshua called an assembly of the people of Israel to give

which had form erly possessed
a final address to them. He emphasized:
the land still am ong the people
1) The victory which God had given them in battle (23:3);
(23:4-5, 12). The Israelites were
2) Gods continued blessing, if they will be faithful (23:4-8);
expected to continue in driving
3) God has done all He said He would do (23:14-15)
the people out of the land.
Joshua gives the people a history lesson, from the call of

Abraham to their present possession of the land (24:3-13).
Based upon the goodness of God toward Israel, Joshua pleads that they ...fear the LORD,
serve Him with sincerity and in truth, and put away the gods which your fathers served...
(24:14). He compels them to chose on that very day whom they will serve:
1) the gods which you fathers served;
And if it seems evil to you to serve the LORD, choose for
yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods
2) the gods of the Amorites;
which your fathers served on the other side of the River, or the
3) the LORD.
gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell. But as for me
and my house, we will serve the LORD. (Joshua 24:15)
A dialogue ensues between Joshua and

the people (24:16-24). The people affirm
their determination to serve the LORD.
After making a covenant between the people and the LORD, and setting up a large stone
with the Law of God written on it as a memorial, Joshua dismissed the people.
At age 110, Joshua died, and Eleazar, Aarons son died.
Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the
elders who outlived Joshua, who had known all the works of the LORD
which He had done for Israel. (Joshua 24:31)
-71-
The Beginning Of The Judges

Judges 1-10
THEY DID NOT DRIVE THEM OUT (Ch. 1)
God gave all the land which was promised to Israel, but
they did not completely drive out the inhabitants. Recall,
the people have been warned time and again of the
importance that they completely drive out the inhabitants.
Chapter 1 gives a short description of the efforts made by

Judah, in part before the death of Joshua. But the
consistent result for the people of Israel with regard to the
purging of the land after the death of Joshua rings through
the first chapters of the Judges:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
...JUDAH...could not drive out the inhabitants of the lowland,

because they had chariots of iron. (1:19)
...the children of BENJAM IN did not drive out the Jebusites who inhabited Jerusalem... (1:21)
...M ANASSEH did not drive out the inhabitants... (1:27)
Nor did EPHRAIM drive out the Canaanites... (1:29)
Nor did ZEBULUN drive out the inhabitants... (1:30)
Nor did ASHER drive out the inhabitants... (1:31)
Nor did NAPHTALI drive out the inhabitants... (1:33)
...the Amorites forced the children of DAN into the mountains... (1:34)
Why did they not drive out the inhabitants? God had commanded them to drive out the
inhabitants, but they did not. Therefore, God would not drive them out, but ...they shall be
thorns in your side, and their gods shall be a snare to you. (2:3)
OVERVIEW OF THE PERIOD OF THE JUDGES (Ch. 2-3)
They turned to the gods of the land and served them.

Thus, the LORD brought upon them trouble from the
inhabitants of the land. The judges were given to deliver
Israel (2:16, 18).
A cycle would mark the period of the judges:

C Israel would sin before the LORD;
C The LORD would bring calamity upon them;
C Israel would cry out to the LORD;
C God would send a judge to deliver the people;
C Times of peace would come in the land.
Due to their disobedience, God would no longer drive out

the inhabitants, but rather would use them to test the
people (3:1, 4). Israel failed the test (3:5).
THE JUDGES OF ISRAEL
Othniel
Ehud
Shamgar
Deborah
Gideon
Abimelech
Tola
Jair
Jephthah
Ibzan
-72-
When all that generation had been

gathered to their fathers, another
generation arose after them who did
not know the LORD nor the work which
He had done for Israel. (Judges 2:10)
Elon
Abdon
Samson
Eli
Samuel
THE EARLY JUDGES (Ch. 3-10)

And when the LORD raised up judges for them, the LORD was with the judge and
delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for the LORD
was moved to pity by their groaning because of those who oppressed them and harassed
them. And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they reverted and behaved
more corruptly than their fathers, by following other gods, to serve them and blow down
to them. They did not cease from their own stubborn way. (Judges 2:18-19)
OTHNIEL
EHUD
SHAMGAR
DEBORAH
Judges 3:7-11
Judges 3:12-30
Judges 3:31
Judges 4:1-5:31
APOSTASY
They forgot the LORD,

and served the Baals and
Asherahs (3:7)
The children of Israel

again did evil before the
LORD (3:12)
No details given
After Ehuds death, Israel

again did evil before the
LORD (4:1)
AFFLICTION
The LORD brought the

king of Mesopotamia on
Israel, and they served
him for 8 years (3:8)
Eglon defeated Israel and

they served him 18 years
(3:13-14)
Israel were subject to the

Philistines
Israel were subject to

Jabin, king of Canaan,
who oppressed them for
20 years (4:2-3)
REPENTANCE
They cried out to the

LORD (3:9)

LORD (3:15)
No details given

LORD (4:3)
DELIVERANCE
Othniel delivered them

f r om the k i n g of
Mesopotamia (3:10)
Ehud, bringing Israels

tribute to Eglon killed
him. He led them in battle
against the Moabites
(3:16-29)
No details given
Deborah, a prophetess,
came as judge in Israel.
She and Barak, with the
help of Jael subdued
Canaan (4:5-24)
PEACE
The land rested for 40

years (3:11)
Moab was subdued and

the land rested 80 years
(3:30)
No details given

years (5:31)
GIDEON
ABIMELECH
TOLA
JAIR
Judges 6:1-8:35
Judges 9:1-57
Judges 10:1-2
Judges 10:3-5
APOSTASY
The children of Israel did

evil in the sight of the
LORD (6:1)
After Gideons death, the Israelites again turned to

Baal (8:33-35)
No details given
AFFLICTION
The Midianites prevailed

against Israel and drove
them into dens and
caves. The Midianites
took the crops and flocks
of the Israelites (6:2-6)
No external enemy is
i n di c a ted, but t he
troubles with Abimelech
afflicted the people.
No details given
REPENTANCE

LORD (6:6-7)
Self-appointed king who

killed his 70 brothers to
gain power. He reigned
for 3 years over Israel. A
revolt began among the
people, and Ahimelech
battled against those who
once supported him.
No details given
No details given
Tola (10:1-2)
Jair, a Gileadite (10:3-5)
No details given
No details given
DELIVERANCE
Gideon tore down the

altar of Baal, and
defeated the Midianites
with 300 men (6:11-7:27)
PEACE

years (8:28)
As Abimelech prepared
to kill the people of
Thebez in the same way
he did at Shechem, a
woman from the city
dropped a millstone on
his head. Lest it be said
that a woman killed him,
he asked his armorbearer to kill him with the
sword.
-73-
A BIT MORE DETAIL DEBORAH & GIDEON

Deborah
Deborah was not only a judge, but she was also a prophetess. We do not read of many
prophetesses in Scripture, and so far as judges, Deborah was the only female judge.
She commanded Barak to deploy troops to battle against the Canaanites, but he would
not go unless she went with him. In response, she told him, I will surely go with you;
nevertheless there will be no glory for you in the journey you are taking, for the LORD will
sell Sisera into the hand of a woman. (Judges 4:9). Barak may have thought she spoke
of herself, but she spoke prophetically about Jael.
After the LORD granted victory, Deborah sang a song of victory. Note some key words in
the song:
C
C
W hen leaders lead in Israel, when the people willingly offer themselves, bless the LORD! (5:2)
My heart is with the rulers of Israel who offered themselves willingly with the people. Bless the LORD!
(5:9)
Gideon
Gideon was a downcast soul when God called him to deliver Israel. He focussed on his
own inadequacy rather than the LORDs ability to make him adequate. He required signs
from the LORD (the fire from rock for his sacrifice; the fleece of wool).
God would eventually show Gideon that the battle belongs to him, reducing Gideons army
of 32,000 to an army of 300 men. By this small number, God gave Gideon the victory over
the Midianites.
When the men of Israel sought to make Gideon a ruler over them, he responded, I will not
rule over you, nor shall my son rule over you; the LORD shall rule over you. (8:23)
-74-
More Judges In Israel

Judges 10-1 Samuel 25:1
MORE JUDGES (Ch. 10-16; 1 Samuel 1-25)
And when the LORD raised up judges for them,
the LORD was with the judge and delivered them
out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the
judge; for the LORD was moved to pity by their
groaning because of those who oppressed them
and harassed them. And it came to pass, when the
judge was dead, that they reverted and behaved
more corruptly than their fathers, by following other
gods, to serve them and blow down to them. They
did not cease from their own stubborn way.
(Judges 2:18-19)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
JEPHTHAH
IBZAN
ELON
ABDON
Judges 10:6-12:7
Judges 12:8-10
Judges 12:11-12
Judges 12:13-15
APOSTASY
They again did evil; they

served the Baals, the
Ashtoreths, the gods of
Syria, Sidon, Moab,
Ammon and Philistia.
(10:6-7)
No details given
No details given
No details given
AFFLICTION
The LORD allowed the

Philistines & Ammonites
to oppress them for 18
years. (10:8)
No details given
No details given
No details given
REPENTANCE

LORD (10:10), but He
would not heed them at
first (10:11-14). Once
they put away the foreign
gods, He did (10:15-16)
No details given
No details given
No details given
DELIVERANCE
Jephthah, a successful
raider was raised up to
free the people from the
Ammonites (11:3-10)
Ibzan judged Israel
Elon judged Israel
Abdon judged Israel
PEACE
The people of Ammon

were subdued (11:33)
No details given
No details given
No details given
A BIT MORE DETAIL JEPHTHAH
Driven out by his brothers since he was born of a harlot (11:1-2). He became a raider in
the land (11:3). His brethren promised him authority if he was victorious (11:4-11).
Jephthah made a foolish vow to the LORD before

Question: Did Jephthah
setting out for battle. When he returned, whatever came
sacrifice his daughter?
out from his house to meet him, he would offer as a
burnt offering (11:30-31). When he returned, it was his
daughter who came out to meet him (11:34-35).
She was given 2 months to bewail her virginity, and at the end of the two months, she
returned to her father and he carried out his vow.
-75-
And when the LORD raised up judges for them, the LORD was with the judge and
delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for the
LORD was moved to pity by their groaning because of those who oppressed them
and harassed them. And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they
reverted and behaved more corruptly than their fathers, by following other gods, to
serve them and blow down to them . They did not cease from their own stubborn
way. (Judges 2:18-19)
SAMSON
ELI
SAMUEL
Judges 13:1-16:31
1 Samuel 1:1-4:18
1 Samuel 1:20-25:1
APOSTASY
They again did evil (13:1)
Consider the way of Israel as seen

in the latter portion of the book of
Judges. Elis sons became part of
the trouble in Israel (1 Sam 2:12,
22-25)
Consider the way of Israel as seen

in the latter portion of the book of
Judges. They were worshipping the
foreign gods (1 Sam 7:3)
AFFLICTION
The LORD delivered them into the

hand of the Philistines (13:1)
Inward strife and wars (see latter

portion of the book of Judges). The
Philistines (1 Sam 4:1-2)
The Philistines had power over

them, the ark was not where it
should have been, the people did
evil.
REPENTANCE
No details given
No indication of repentance
The people lamented, and put

away their gods (1 Sam 7:2-4)
DELIVERANCE
The Spirit of the LORD was on

Samson, and He would use
Samson to deliver Israel from the
rule of the Philistines (13:24-25;
14:4, 19; 16:28-30)
Eli was unable to deliver Israel;

they continued in wickedness, his
sons included.
Samuel prayed for the people, and

the LORD helped them defeat the
Philistines in battle (1 Sam 7:5-12)
PEACE
No details given
At the end of Elis life, the

Philistines have captured the ark of
God (1 Sam 4:10-18)
The Philistines were subdued, and

there was peace between Israel
and the Amorites (1 Sam 7:13-14)
A BIT MORE DETAIL SAMSON

Manoah and her husband were unaware that they
Samsons birth (ch. 13)
spoke with the Angel of the LORD, until He
His mother had been barren, but the Angel

ascended to heaven in the flam e from the altar.
Notice, they understood that this was not just an
of the LORD appears, stating she would
angel, but God (Judges 13:22).
give birth to a son. He would be a Nazirite
to God from the womb (13:2-5).
Samson and the woman of Timnah (ch. 14)
THE RIDDLE:
Samson sought a Philistine woman to be his

Out of the eater cam e som ething to eat,
wife. The LORD was using this as an occasion
and out of the strong cam e som ething sweet.
against the Philistines. On his way to visit her,
THE ANSWER:
he killed a young lion who roared at him.
W hat is sweeter than honey?
Later, on his way to Timnah for the marriage,
And what is stronger than a lion?
he stoped and found a swarm of bees and
honey in the animals carcass.
At the wedding, he posed a riddle to the men. A prize of linen garments was at stake. They
answered, only because his Philistine wife secured the answer for them. In His anger,
Samson killed 30 Philistines, and departed back to his fathers house.
-76-
Samson defeats the Philistines (ch. 15)
He returned to see his wife, but his father-in-law would not allow it. He set 300 foxes with
torches tied in their tails loose in the Philistines grain fields, vineyards and olive groves.
The Philistines retaliated by burning his wife and father-in-law. Samson attacked them
with a great slaughter, and then departed for Judah. The men of Judah arrested him, and
sought to turn him over to the Philistines. However, he broke free of the new ropes they
secured him with and proceeded to kill 1,000 Philistines with the jawbone of a donkey.
Samson and Delilah (ch. 16)
The Philistines requested that Delilah find the source of his great strength, that they might
defeat him. Three times, she asked for his secret and he did not give it. But ...when she
pestered him daily with her words and pressed him, so that his heart was vexed to
death... (v 16) he told her, should his hair be cut, then his strength would be gone.
He was taken captive by the Philistines, his eyes put out, and imprisoned.
Samsons end (ch. 16)
NOTE THE LORDS PRESENCE WITH SAMSON:
At a feast of the Philistines, the people called

C
When a growing child, ...the Spirit of the
LORD began to move upon him...
for Samson to be brought, that he might
C
...the Spirit of the LORD came upon him
perform for them.
Having been placed
mightily... when he killed the lion.
C
between the pillars of the temple, Samson
mightily... when he killed the 30 Philistines.
asked God to restore his strength, that he
C
mightily... when he broke free from the
might take vengeance on the Philistines. In
Judean bonds and killed 1,000 Philistines.
his death under the temple rubble, Samson
C
...the LORD had departed from him... after
he told Delilah the source of his strength.
killed more Philistines than in his life.
More on the end of the period of the judges and the life of Eli and Samuel in our next lesson...
-77-
The End of the Period of the Judges

Judges 17-1 Samuel 8
DECLINING MORALITY IN ISRAEL (Ch. 17-21)
NOTE The exact time frame for the following occurrences is
unsure, and it would seem that the happenings are reported
topically, not chronologically. It is noteworthy that at the time of
the battle against Benjamin, Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son
of Aaron was still living, 20:28.
Micahs Idolatry (ch. 17-18)
Micah, a man of Ephraim, made a shrine in his house, in

which he kept household idols. He consecrated a son of
his to be a priest, and eventually had a Levite serve as
priest in his shrine.
Three verses demonstrate the moral decline among the

people:
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
...his mother said, I wholly dedicated the silver from my hand to the
LORD for my son, to make a carved image and a molded image,
now therefore, I will return it to you. (17:3)
In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was
right in his own eyes. (17:6)
Then Micah said, Now I know that the LORD will be good to me,
since I have a Levite as priest! (17:13)
The tribe of Dan came and took Micahs priest, and he

became their priest.
The Levites Concubine and Civil War (ch. 19-21)
A Levite dwelling in Ephraim went to Bethlehem to retrieve his concubine who had played
the harlot and returned to her fathers house. After several days at her fathers house, he
departed late into the day, and darkness fell by the time they were near Jerusalem. They
went on to Gibeah, for Jerusalem was a city of the Gentiles.
The men of Gibeah were wicked, and sought to

And so it was that all who saw it said, No such
deed has been done or seen from the day that the
...know him carnally! The concubine was given
children of Israel came up from the land of Egypt
to them, and they abused her throughout the
until this day. Consider it, confer, and speak up!
(Judges 19:30)
night. Finding his concubine dead the next
morning, he returned to his house, and cut her
into 12 pieces, sending them throughout the land.
The result of this wickedness is that all Israel rose up against Benjamin (which Gibeah
belongs to). In the 3 days of battle between Israel and Benjamin, 40,000 men of Israel
were killed, and 25,100 men of Benjamin were killed.
Afterward, lest Benjamins name be

The book ends with thee words:
In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what
completely wiped out, the men of Israel
was right in his own eyes. (Judges 21:25)
provided wives for the Benjaminites who
remained.
-78-
THE STORY OF RUTH

Entreat me not to leave you, or to
turn back from following after you;
The story of Ruth takes place during the time of the judges
for wherever you go, I will go; and
(Ruth 1:1). She was a Moabite woman. Her father-in-law,
wherever you lodge, I will lodge;
your people shall be my people, and
brother-in-law and husband all died in the land of Moab.
your God, my God. Where you die, I
Naomi, her mother-in-law sought to return to Bethlehem to
will die, and there will I be buried.
The LORD do so to me, and much
be with her people. Ruth determined to go with her.
more also, if anything but death
In Bethlehem, Ruth worked in the fields, gleaning heads of

parts you and me. (Ruth 1:16-17)
grain. It happened that she did so in the field of Boaz, a
relative of Naomi. Boaz dealt kindly with Ruth, and according
to the custom of the Israelites, took her as wife, performing
the duty of a close relative (to raise up offspring for a deceased relative with none).
Ruth was the great-grandmother of David.

BARREN W OM BS GOD OPENED
<
Sarah (Genesis 11:30)
<
Rebekah (Genesis 25:21)
<
Rachel (Genesis 29:31)
<
Manoah (Judges 13:2)
<
Hannah (1 Samuel 1:5)
ELI AND SAMUEL (1 Samuel 1-3)
Samuel was born to Hannah, a woman who had been

barren. She had vowed before his conception that if
God blessed her with a son, he would be a Nazirite.
After he was born and weaned, she brought Samuel
to Eli at the temple. Samuel served before the LORD.
In his old age, Eli rebuked his sons for their wickedness, but they would not listen. Eli was
not guiltless either. A prophet came, speaking against Eli and his household (2:27-36).
While still a boy, Samuel received the word

Now the boy Samuel ministered to the LORD before Eli. And
of the LORD. It was confirmation of the
the word of the LORD was rare in those days; there was no
judgment against Elis house. As he grew,
widespread revelation. (1 Samuel 3:1)
it became apparent to all who were in
Israel that Samuel had been established
as a prophet of the LORD.
And when the people had come into the camp, the elders of
Israel said, Why has the LORD defeated us today before the
Philistines? Let us bring the ark of the covenant of the LORD
from Shiloh to us, that when it comes among us it may save
us from the hand of our enemies. (1 Samuel 4:3)
THE ARK OF GOD CAPTURED (ch. 4-6)
Israel battled against the Philistines, but

were defeated. They brought the ark of the
covenant in their midst, thinking that it
being there would grant them victory. Both
the Israelites and Philistines mistakenly perceived that the presence of the ark in the camp
of Israel meant the presence of God was with them and blessing them (4:5-8). It was not
so. The Philistines defeated Israel, and the ark of God was captured. On that very day:
1) both Elis sons were killed (as the man of God has prophesied);
2) hearing the news of the ark, Eli fell backward from his seat and broke his neck;
3) Elis daughter-in-law, hearing the news of the ark, her husband and her father-in-law
began to labour and gave birth to a son, Ichabod (lit. The glory has departed from
Israel), and then died herself.
For 7 months, the ark was among the Philistines, bringing destruction and disease. They
sent it back to Israel, pulled on a cart by two milk cows.
ISRAEL DEMANDS A KING (ch. 7-8)
When Samuel was old, he made his sons judges in Israel, but they did evil. The people
asked Samuel for a king, like the nations about them (8:5, 19-20). God told Samuel to
heed the voice of the people, they had not rejected Samuel, they had rejected God (8:7).
-79-
Saul, The First King Of Israel

1 Samuel 9 - 15
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
SAUL CHOSEN AND ANOINTED (Ch. 9-12)

Sauls Humble Beginning (ch. 9)
Saul was of the tribe of Benjamin (which tribe was almost

exterminated during the period of the judges). He is
described as handsome and taller than any other from his
shoulders upward.
A search for lost donkeys brought him to Samuel. There,

he was identified as the desire of Israel. God had foretold
Samuel of Sauls coming, and identified him as the man
who Samuel should anoint king in Israel.
Saul began a humble man. In response to Samuels

exalting words, he said,
Am I not a Benjaminite, of the smallest of the tribes of Israel, and my family the least
of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin? Why then do you speak like this to me.
(9:21)
Saul Anointed King (ch. 10)
Then the Spirit of the LORD will come upon you, na
d you will prophesy with them and be turned into
Samuel anointed Sauls head in a private

another man. And let it be that when these signs
ceremony, and sent him back to his fathers
come to you, that you do as the occasion demands;
for God is with you! (1 Samuel 10:6-7)
house. He foretold several happenings which
would occur on Sauls return home, including a
meeting with a group of prophets. Afterward, Saul
returned to his fathers house.
Some time later, Samuel called together an assembly at Mizpah. He rebuked them for
rejecting the LORD as their king, and then proceeded to select their king. But when they
sought him, he could not be found. He hid himself (v 22).
Saving Jabesh Gilead (ch. 11)
The Ammonites came up against Jabesh Gilead. The people

delayed battle, seeking aid from their brethren in Israel. Saul
Now there was Saul, coming
behind the herd from the field...
rallied all the people to come to their aid. After a great victory,
(1 Samuel 11:5)
the people wanted to put to death those who had formerly
questioned Sauls rule over Israel, but Saul would not permit it.
Sauls Coronation (ch. 12)
Samuel addressed the people, first confirming his righteous character among them, then
summarized quickly their history which had brought them to the point of having a king. The
people were warned, that both they and the king needed to heed the voice of the LORD.
A sign was given to confirm the wickedness of their asking for a king: thunder and rain
came from heaven at the command of Samuel. He confirmed that he would continue to
pray for and teach them the good and the right way.
-80-
SAULS WICKED DEEDS (Ch. 13-15)

Now it happened, as soon as he had finished presenting the
An Unlawful Sacrifice (ch. 13)
burnt offering, that Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet
him, that he might greet him.
Conflict continued between the Hebrews

You have done foolishly. You have not kept the
and the Philistines, flamed by the actions of
commandment of the LORD your God, which He commanded
you. For now the LORD would have established your
Jonathan and Saul attacking the Philistines.
kingdom over Israel forever. But now your kingdom shall not
The people were fearful, and thus all
continue. The LORD has sought for Himself a man after His
followed Saul to make sacrifice with
own heart, and the LORD has commanded him to be
commander over His people, because you have not kept
Samuel. Samuel delayed his coming, so
what the LORD commanded you. (1 Samuel 13:10, 13-14)
Saul went ahead and offered the burnt
offering himself.
Samuel rebuked Sauls hasty actions. It

was not his place to make sacrifice to the LORD.
A Foolish Vow (ch. 14)
Come, let us go over to the garrison of
these uncircumcised; it may be that the
Jonathan and his armour bearer went against the

LORD will work for us. For nothing
Philistines, just the two of them, and defeated 20 men in
restrains the LORD from saving by many
or by few. (1 Samuel 14:6)
the span of acre. Saul, along with the rest of the
Israelites came afterward, and a great victory was gained
over the Philistines.
Before leading the rest of Israel to battle, Saul had made

Cursed is the man who eats any food
until evening, before I take vengeance
an oath. Notice the focus is not on what is best for the
on my enemies. (1 Samuel 14:24)
Lords people, nor upon what is the LORDs will, but
Sauls personal interest.
Jonathan, unaware of Sauls vow, ate some honey. He

was then told of his fathers vow. Notice the effect Sauls oath had on the people.
1) ...the men of Israel were distressed... (v 24)
2) ...the people were faint. (v 28)
3) ...the people were very faint. (v 31)
4) some of the people took the spoil of war and ate the beasts with the blood (v 32)
Sauls vow facilitated the peoples sin. That

WHO SINNED?
Was it Jonathan, for breaking Sauls vow?

evening, Saul built an altar to the LORD. He then
Was it the people, for eating the blood?

planned a campaign against the Philistines for
Was it Saul, for making a foolish vow and

acting selfishly?
that night. When Saul approached the LORD for
counsel, He did not answer him. Saul perceived
that there was sin in the camp (ie. someone had
broken his vow). He further vowed that whoever it was, even if it was his own son, would
be put to death. The people would not allow Saul to do such a wicked thing. He had
sinned, not Jonathan.
Saul Rejected As King (ch. 15)
Saul was commanded to attack and utterly destroy Amalek. Not man, woman, infant,
nursing child, ox, sheep, camel or donkey were to remain. All was to be destroyed.
When Saul came upon Amalek, he took king Agag

I greatly regret that I have set up Saul
captive, and allowed the people to take and keep the best
as king, for he has turned back from
following Me, and has not performed
of the beasts and all that was good.
My commandments. (1 Samuel 15:11)
Samuel spent the entire night grieved over Sauls actions,

and crying out to the LORD. The next day, when he went
to speak with Saul, it was told him that Saul had gone to
Carmel, where he had set up a monument for himself, and was now at Gilgal.
-81-
Notice their conversation:

SAUL:
...I have perform ed the com m andm ent of the LORD.
SAM UEL:
W hat then is this bleating of the sheep... and the lowing of the oxen...
SAUL:
They have brought them ... the people spared the best... to sacrifice to the LORD...
and the rest we have utterly destroyed.
SAM UEL:
Be quiet!
...the LORD sent you on a m ission... W hy then did you

not obey the voice of the LORD?
SAUL:
But I have obeyed the voice of the LORD, and gone

on the mission... and brought back Agag... But the
people took the plunder... to sacrifice to the LORD
your God...
When you were little in your own eyes,

were you not head of the tribes of Israel?
And did not the LORD anoint you king over
Israel? (1 Samuel 15:17)
Samuel revealed that Saul was rejected as king of Israel. Note, Saul trumped up the
sacrifices which he and the people had in mind to do; Samuel begins by acknowledging
that the LORD prefers obedience over burnt offerings and sacrifices. Sauls sins were as
atrocious as that of witchcraft or idolatry.
Hearing that he would lose the kingdom, Saul gave lip service repentance. He explained
his actions, ...I feared the people... He sought Samuel to pardon his sins and go worship
with him. Samuel would not. Saul rejected the word of the LORD, therefore the LORD
rejected Saul as king.
Notice again, Sauls concern for his own reputation
I have sinned; yet honor me now, please, before
the elders of my people and before Israel, and
and honour. He desired for Samuel to make him
return with me, that I may worship the LORD your
look good before the people.
God. (1 Samuel 15:30)
And Samuel went no more to see Saul until the day
of his death. Nevertheless Samuel mourned for
Saul, and the LORD regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel. (1 Samuel 15:35)
-82-
David, Israels King In Waiting

1 Samuel 16 - 31
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
DAVID SERVES BEFORE SAUL (Ch. 16-18)

David Anointed King (ch. 16)
Samuel was sent to Jesses house, for God had provided

Himself a king from among Jesses sons. Eliab, the oldest
of Jesses sons came before him, and Samuel declared,
Surely the LORDs anointed is before Him! (16:6)
Samuel considered his physical stature, but was quickly
corrected by the LORD. God responded, Do not look at
his appearance or at his physical stature, because I have
refused him. For the LORD does not see as man
sees; for man looks at the outward appearance,
For My thoughts are not your thoughts, nor are
but the LORD looks at the heart. (16:7)
your ways My ways, says the LORD. For as the
heavens are higher than the earth, so are My
Seven of Jesses sons were brought before

ways higher than your ways, and My thoughts
Samuel, and each of them was refused. Jesse
than your thoughts. (Isaiah 55:8-9)
hadnt even thought to bring David, the youngest,
in from the field. This was the LORDs anointed.
David & Goliath (ch. 17)
But the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and a
The war continued against the Philistines,

distressing spirit from the LORD troubled him. (v 14)
who had a giant in their midst. Israel This section of text (14-23) seem s to have been
trembled in fear because of the giant.
included topically, not chronologically. David is
David was sent by his father to bring bread

described as ...a mighty man of valor, a man of
war..., which tells us this occurred after Davids
to his brothers at the battle. He heard, the
encounter with Goliath. At the end of 1 Sam uel 17,
challenge Goliath made against the
Saul is being introduced to David for the first tim e.
Israelites, and desired to accept the
anointing is evidence that the LORD was with
challenge. He was strong in faith (17:26, Davids
him . To contrast this, the writer com m ents about Saul,
36, 37, 45-47). With a sling and a stone, that the LORDs Spirit was taken from him , and that a
David brought down the giant of Philistia.
distressing spirit was upon him .
...I come to you in the name of the LORD

W e all have giants we m ust face in life.
of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel,
Victory is always the LORDs.
whom you have defied. This day the LORD
will deliver you into my hand... that all the
earth may know that there is a God in
Israel. Then all this assembly shall know that the LORD does not save with sword and
spear; for the battle is the LORDs, and He will give you into our hands. (17:45-47)
After this, David served before Saul (18:1-2; 16:14-23).

Saul Resents David (ch. 18)
SAUL & DAVIDS RELATION
David grew in popularity, and became
Saul despised David because of the people (18:6-9)
Saul attempted to spear David (18:10-11)

despised in Sauls eyes. Saul attempted
Saul was afraid of David (18:12, 15)

to kill David with his spear (18:10-11). He
Saul plotted to kill David by the Philistines (18:17)
Saul saw and knew the LORD was with David (18:28)
plotted against him, offering his daughter
He feared, and became his enemy continually (18:29)

to David, with 100 Philistine foreskins as
a dowry. His intent, that David would be
killed by the Philistines in battle. But
David went out, and killed two hundred Philistines, and brought their foreskins to Saul.
-83-
DAVID AND JONATHAN (Ch. 18-20)

DAVID & JONATHANS RELATIONSHIP
David and Jonathan (Sauls son) developed a
Then Jonathan and David made a covenant,

because he loved him as his own soul. (18:3)
close relationship. Had Saul conducted himself
Now Jonathan again caused David to vow,

appropriately, Jonathan would have been heir
because he loved him; for he loved him as he
loved his own soul. (20:17)
to the throne. It would have been easy for
...and they kissed one another; and they wept

Jonathan to follow his fathers hatred for David,
together, but David more so. (20:42)
Then Jonathan, Sauls son, arose and went to

since he would inherit the throne, but instead,
David in the woods and strengthened his hand
Jonathan became a very dear friend to David.
in God. (23:16)
I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan;
Though Saul sought to kill David, Jonathan

you have been very pleasant to me; your love
defended him and convinced Saul, for a time,
to me was wonderful, surpassing the love of
women. (2 Sam 1:26)
not to do so. David was again able to come in
the presence of Saul. But in time, the
distressing spirit came upon Saul again, and he
again sought to pin David to the wall with his spear. David escaped, and fled from his
presence.
Though Saul was an enemy to David, Jonathan made a

And you shall not only show me the
covenant with David for the preservation of his offspring.
kindness of the LORD while I still live,
that I may not die; but you shall not cut
Both Saul and Jonathan knew that David would be king.
off your kindness from my house
Saul declared, ...as long as the son of Jesse lives on the
forever, no, not when the LORD has cut
off every one of the enemies of David
earth, you shall not be established, nor your kingdom.
from the face of the earth. (20:14-15)
Now therefore, send and bring him to me, for he shall
surely die. (20:31) Jonathan acknowledged that David
would be king, and presented himself as Davids servant.
Sauls anger burned so hot, he even cast a spear at Jonathan, when he questioned his
father about what David had done worthy of death.
DAVID ON THE RUN (Ch. 21-31)
Sauls anger continued to burn hot against David. He ceased to be a leader of the nation
Israel in any manner, and spent his time pursuing David. David fled from place to place,
region to region.
Highlights in Davids wandering:

In his anger against David, Saul even went
received holy bread and the sword of Goliath
so far as to kill the priests of God. (Ch. 22)
from the Ahimelech at Nob (ch. 21)
men gathered to him, and he became head
over a troop of about 400 (ch. 22)
he saved the city of Keilah from the hand of the Philistines. His troop increased to 600
in number (ch. 23)
Saul caught up with David in the wilderness of En
Now it happened afterward that
Gedi. David and his men were hiding in a cave; Saul
Davids heart troubled him because
entered the cave to attend to his needs. David
he had cut Sauls robe. (24:5)
secretly cut a corner off Sauls robe. Afterward, he
called out to Saul, revealing that he could have taken
Sam uel dies
his life, but that he would not (24:8-15)
Davids wrath against Nabal, and Abigail saves Nabal. Abigal became
Davids wife. (ch. 25)
Again, Saul caught up with David. While Sauls men are asleep, David came among
them, taking Sauls spear and water jug. When back with his men, David called out to
Saul and his men. Again, he had spared Sauls life. (ch. 26)
-84-
Though Saul spoke well of him, David

Consider som e of Sauls words about David:
perceived that Saul would still pursue
And now I know indeed that you shall surely be
him (27:1). So David went to Philistia,
king, and that the kingdom of Israel shall be
established in your hand. (24:20)
and raided in the land of Judah from
May you be blessed, my son David! You shall both
there. Even in exile from his own people,
do great things and also still prevail. (26:25)
he fought to gain the land which God
had given to Israel. (ch. 27-28)
Eventually, the lords of Philistia rejected
In chapter 28, the Philistines rose up against
David in the presence of king Achish.
Israel, and Saul, rather than leading the people
He left the land of Philistia. From there,
victoriously in battle was fearful. The LORD did
he went to Jezreel. He battled against
not answer Saul when he inquired before him , and
the Amalekites, who had rose up against
so Saul went to a m edium , asking that she raise
Sam uel. Am ong the things spoken by Sam uel
Ziklag, burned it, and taken captive those
were these words of prophecy:
who were there (including the wives and
...tomorrow you and your sons will be with me.
children of David and his men). He
The LORD will also deliver the army of Israel into
pursued them, and defeated them.
the hand of the Philistines. (28:19)
(ch. 29-30)
The Philistines rose up against Israel in
battle, and the men of Israel were slain.
Three of Sauls sons (Jonathan, Abinadab and Malchishua) fell in battle that day. Saul,
severely wounded by an archers arrow asked his armorbearer to kill him, lest the
Philistines take him and torture him, but he would not. Saul took his own life, falling on his
sword.
A great defeat was suffered by Israel that day. The Israelites fled from their cities, and the
Philistines came and dwelt in them (31:7).
-85-
David Becomes King Of Israel

2 Samuel 1 - 10 (also 1 Chronicles 10-19)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
DAVID AND THE FAMILY OF SAUL (Ch. 1-4)

Davids Response To Saul & Jonathans Death (ch. 1)
A man came, claiming to have killed Saul. He portrays his

action as a mercy killing because Saul had asked him to do
it, and he was sure that Saul would not live anyway. He
brought the bracelet which was on Sauls arm to David.
Note, his claim to have killed Saul is false, as 1 Samuel 31
tells us how Saul died.
David and those who were with him mourned for Saul,
Jonathan, and the men of Israel who fell in battle.
Then, David commanded that the Amalekite be
How was it you were not afraid to put forth your hand
to destroy the LORDs anointed? (2 Sam 1:14)
put to death.
The LORD forbid that I should do this thing to my
David wrote The Song of the Bow,

master, the LORDs anointed, to stretch out my hand
commemorating Saul and Jonathans military
against him, seeing he is the anointed of the LORD.
(1 Sam 24:6)
victories, and lamenting their death.
Do not destroy him; for who can stretch out his hand
David Rules in Judah Only (ch. 2-4)
against the LORDs anointed, and be guiltless?
David went up to Hebron, and the men of Judah

(1 Sam 26:9)
anointed him as king. However, the rest of Israel
were under Ishbosheth, a son of Saul, who was
WIVES AND SONS OF DAVID
made king by Abner, the commander of Sauls army.
Born to him in Hebron
Israel and Judah were at war; Judah continually getting

Amnon by Ahinoam;
Chileab, by Abigail;
stronger, Israel continually getting weaker.
Absalom, by Maacah;
Ishbosheth offended Abner. As a result, Abner defected

Adonijah, by Hagith;
Shephatiah, by Abital;
to David, and promised to help him be established over all
Ithream, by Eglah
Israel. Abner was shortly thereafter killed by Joab, the
Born to him in Jerusalem
commander of Davids army.
Shimea by Bathsheba;
Shobab by Bathsheba;
Hearing of Abners death, Ishbosheth completely lost

Nathan by Bathsheba;
heart. He would eventually be killed by the sons of
Solomon by Bathsheba;
Tamar (daughter), by Maacah;
Rimmon, who were captains among his troops. They
nine other children are listed, but we are
brought the head of Ishbosheth to David, supposing that
not told who their mother was: Ibhar,
Elishama, Elphelet, Nogah, Nepheg,
he would delight in his death. David had them executed.
Japhia, Elishama, Eliada, Eliphelet;
In chapter 4, we are introduced briefly to Mephibosheth,

David also had children born to
concubines, who are not listed in Scripture.
the crippled son of Jonathan (v 4).
DAVID RULES IN ALL ISRAEL (Ch. 5-10)
Israel Anoints David As King (ch. 5)
David Anointed As King
# 1 Samuel anoints David (1 Sam 16)
No longer was David only king in Judah, but all Israel

# 2 Judah anoints David (2 Sam 2)
received David as their king. In effect, David has been
# 3 Israel anoints David (2 Sam 5)
anointed as king three times.
David ruled from Hebron for 7 years, but then

claimed Jerusalem from the Jebusites, and reigned
there the remaining 33 years of his monarchy.
The Philistines heard that David had been anointed king, and thus deployed troops against
him. The LORD delivered the Philistines in his hand, and he drove them back.
-86-
Bringing The Ark To Jerusalem (ch. 6)
With much celebration, David and all Israel with him sought to bring the ark of covenant
to Jerusalem. However, instead of it being carried on the poles by the Levites, as the Law
prescribed, David followed the manner of the
Philistines for moving the ark, a cart drawn by
Then the anger of the LORD was aroused against
Uzzah, and God struck him there for his error; and
oxen. But, coming to Nachons threshing floor,
he died there by the ark of God. (2 Sam 6:7)
the oxen stumbled, and Uzzah reached out
with his hand to steady the ark.
David was both angry with and afraid of the

LORD. He wondered, How can the ark of the LORD come to me? How? In the manner
which God had prescribed!!! (1 Chronicles 15:2)
Eventually, the ark was brought to Jerusalem; David and the people celebrating.
A Covenant Between God And David (ch. 7)
...have I ever spoken a word to
David, thinking on the cedar house in which he lived, and

anyone from the tribes of Israel,
whom I commanded to shepherd
the tent in which God dwelt, desired to built a house for the
My people Israel, saying, Why
LORD. The LORD had not asked for a house, but He
have you not built Me a house of
would build a house for David. He would establish Davids
cedar? (v 7)
sons throne forever; and he (Solomon) would build the
Also the LORD tells you that He
LORD a house.
will make you a house. (v 11)
The words given here (v 12-16) not only are applicable to

Solomon, Davids son, but also are prophetic of the
Messiah, who would come from Davids offspring.
Davids Conquests (ch. 8)
Recall that David was busy while on the run from Saul, purging the land of the people
whom Israel had failed to drive out of the land. He continued his conquests, driving back
the Philistines, defeating Moab, the Syrians and the Edomites. He recovered territory so
far as the River Euphrates.
David And Mephibosheth (ch. 9)
And you shall not only show me the kindness of
Having defeated and subdued his enemies, he

the LORD while I still live, that I may not die; but
you shall not cut off your kindness from my
remembers a covenant made with Jonathan.
house forever, no, not even when the LORD has
David became aware of Mephibosheth, and

cut off every one of the enemies of David from
called him to himself. No doubt, the young man
the face of the earth. (1 Sam 20:14-15)
was terrified, but David assures him, Do not
fear, for I will surely show you kindness for
Jonathan your fathers sake, and will restore to you all the land of Saul your grandfather;
and you shall eat bread at my table continually. (v 7)
The story of Mephibosheth is a wonderful picture of our salvation:

Mephibosheth dwelt in Lo Debar (no pasture / no promise);
Mephibosheth was a dead dog (worthless);
Mephibosheth was given a great inheritance and sat at the kings table continually.
The Ammonites And Syrians (ch. 10)
The Ammonites and the Syrians both rose up against David again, but were defeated
before him.
-87-
Davids Reign As King Of Israel

2 Samuel 11 - 1 Kings 2 (also 1 Chronicles 20-29)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
TROUBLESOME TIMES IN DAVIDS HOUSE (Ch. 11-19)

David & Bathsheba (ch. 11)
From the roof of the Kings house, David saw Bathsheba

bathing herself. Rather than turning his attention away, he
inquired about her and eventually lay with her. As a result,
Bathsheba was pregnant.
In an attempt to cover his sin, David sent for Uriah the

Hittite to be brought from the battlefield. However, Uriah
would not go in to his wife, but slept at the kings
door. Eventually, David sent Uriah back to the
battle, bearing instructions for his own death.
THE SIN SPIRAL
One sin can so easily lead to another. The story of
Davids sin had escalated from idleness to murder.
David and Bathsheba demonstrates well the sin
After Bathshebas days of morning were over,

spiral. IDLENESS led to LUST, which led to
ADULTERY, which led to DECEPTION, which led to
David took her to be his own wife.
TEMPTING ANOTHER, which led to EVIL
You Are The Man! (ch. 12)
PLOTTING, which led to MURDER.
Nathan was sent by the LORD to David. He gave

a parable, in which a rich man, who had many
flocks and herds had stolen the only ewe lamb of a poor man. David was enraged at the
man who would do such a thing.
Recall, we have seen in other instances that David has a profound sense of justice. He
calls for restoration to be made and for the life of the man who would do such a thing.
Nathan then reveals to David, he is the one who is guilty of such.
Sin has consequences. The aftermath of Davids sin with Bathsheba would affect him in
several ways and for the rest of his life:
1) ...the sword shall never depart from your house... (v 10)
2) ...I will raise up adversary against you from your own house... (v 11)
3) ...I will take your wives before you eyes and given them to your neighbor... (v 11)
4) ...the child who is born to you shall surely die. (v 14)
After the child was born, he became ill. David fasted and pleaded with the LORD. On the
seventh day, the child died. His servants did not want to tell him of the death, fearing how
he might receive the news. However, when he
was aware, he rose up, washed himself,
While the child was alive, I fasted and wept; for I said,
Who can tell whether the LORD will be gracious to
changed his clothes, worshipped the LORD, and
me, that the child may live? But now he is dead; why
then requested food from his servants. They
should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I shall go to
him, but he shall not return to me. (2 Sam 12:22-23)
were confused, but in this, David revealed his
understanding of eternal things as contrasted
with temporal things.
Also note, Davids declaration regarding his son demonstrates that humans are not born
in sin. The child died on the 7th day, outside the covenant which God made with Israel
(circumcision on the 8th day). If inherent depravity were true, the child would be dead in sin,
but David confidently declared that he would see
his son again, in heaven.
Now the LORD loved him, and He sent word by the
After the death of the child, David again lay with

hand of Nathan the prophet: So he called his name
Bathsheba. She conceived again, and bore a
Jedidiah, because of the LORD. (2 Sam 12:24b-25)
son Solomon.
-88-
Amnon, Tamar and Absalom (ch. 13-14)

No, my brother, do not force me, for no
Amnon was distressed because he wanted Tamar

such thing should be done in Israel. Do
not do this disgraceful thing! And I, where
(Absaloms sister). He faked sickness, and asked David
could I take my shame? And as for you,
to have Tamar tend to him. He wanted her to lie with him,
you would be like one of the fools in
Israel. Now therefore, please speak to the
but she would not. Thus, he overpowered her and raped
king; for he will not withhold me from you.
her. Afterward, she became despised in his sight.
(2 Sam 13:12-13)
Both Absalom and David heard what had taken place.

David was angry, but did nothing. Absalom hated his
brother, but did neither good or bad.
Two years later, still nothing had been done regarding Amnon. Thus, having invited all the
kings sons to Baal Hazor, Absalom commanded his servants to kill Amnon. It was
reported to David, Absalom has killed all the kings sons, and not one of them is left!
Jonadab (Amnons friend) corrected the report, telling David that only Amnon had been
killed; for such was the desire of Absalom since the day Amnon had forced his sister.
Absalom fled to Geshur, and stayed there 3 years. All that time, ...David mourned for his
son every day. (v 37)
Knowing that David was concerned for Absalom, Joab sent

Why then have you schemed such
a thing against the people of God?
a woman to the king, bearing a story parallel to Davids.
For the king speaks this thing as
David assured the woman that no harm would come to her
one who is guilty; in tha the king
does not bring his banished one
son who had killed his brother. The woman then used
home again. (2 Sam 14:13)
Davids answer to her to speak to him about his own son.
David sent Joab to get Absalom and bring him back to
Jerusalem, but commanded, Let him return to his own
house, but do not let him see my face. (v 24)
It was not until 2 more years had passed, and some strong words had come from
Absalom, that he saw the kings face. Basically, Absalom called for the king to either meet
with him (ie. forgive him) or execute him.
Treasonous Absalom (ch. 15-17)
Absalom The Beautiful
Absalom was loved by the people for his

no blemish from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head;
cut his hair once a year, weighing 200 shekels (over 4 lbs)
looks (14:25), but he went beyond this. He
set up at the gate each morning, and when
people would come with a case to be heard
by the king, he would intercept them, and say, ...there is no deputy of the king to hear
you, and further, Oh, that I were made judge in the land, and everyone who has any suit
or cause would come to me; then I would give him justice. (15:3-4). By so doing, Absalom
won the hearts of the people of Israel.
Absalom initially set up kingdom at Hebron, and when

NOTE, 2 Samuel 15:7 speaks about the
passing of forty years. Both the Syriac and
it was reported to David that the heart of the people
Arabic versions of the Old Testament read
had turned to Absalom, David rose up and fled from
four years. It would seem that a copyist
error has entered the Hebrew manuscripts.
Jerusalem. Davids focus remained on the LORD. If
the LORD found favour in him, he knew he would
return to Jerusalem, but if not, ...here I am, let Him do
Ziba, the servant of Mephibosheth met
David, and spoke against Mephibosheth in
to me as seems good to Him. (v 26). Though fleeing
the presence of David.
seems to be an action of defeat, David set in place
Shimei, a man from the house of Saul,
men who would help him regain the throne, Zadok and
cursed against David and threw stones at
the priests at the temple, and Hushai, a counsellor.
him. Though Davids servants desired to kill
Shimei, David commanded that he be left
alone.
-89-
Absalom had 2 counsellors with him, both whom had been with David. Ahithophel, who
worked on behalf of Absalom (note 16:23), and Hushai, who worked on behalf of David
(secretly). Ahithophel advised Absalom that he should pursue David immediately, and
strike him. This was good advice!! However, Hushai said otherwise, and advised him to
wait, for David and his men would be like an angry bear robbed of her cubs. They could
defeat a small troop, and then fear would fall upon the rest of the people. Wait for all Israel
to be gathered together, and then pursue David.
The spy network that had been set was used,

Now when Ahithophel saw that his advice was not
followed, he saddled a donkey, and arose and went
and David was informed of what took place with
home to his house, to his city. then he put his
Absalom and his men. David and his men
household in order, and hanged himself, and died;
and he was buried in his fathers tomb. (2 Sam 17:23)
crossed over the Jordan, in case Absalom
turned back to the advice of Ahithophel.
Absalom Defeated And Killed (ch. 18-19)
David sent his men out in 3 troops, commanded by Joab, Abishai, and Ittai. He gave
orders, Deal gently for my sake with the young man Absalom.
The people of Israel were overthrown in battle. Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair got
caught in the branch of a tree. Joab was told that Absalom was seen hanging in a tree. He
took 3 spears and thrust them through Absaloms heart. Then, Joabs men surrounded
Absalom, and killed him. The kingdom was restored to David, but he mourned the death
of his son Absalom. Davids mourning affected the people adversely. Joab urged him to
speak encouragement to the people, lest they all depart from him.
As David returned to Jerusalem, he again met with Shimei.

And he had not cared for his feet,
or trimmed his mustache, nor
David showed mercy to Shimei, who had cursed him
washed his clothes, from the day
previously. Mephibosheth also came out to meet the king.
the king departed until the day he
returned in peace. (2 Sam 19:24)
His version of what took place was much different than what
Ziba had told David. Mephibosheth was concerned about
David, not about power or land.
DAVIDS FINAL DAYS (Ch. 20 - 1 Kings 2)
Rebellion of Sheba (ch. 20)
Sheba was a rebel from among the tribe of Benjamin. He rallied the men of Israel around
himself. Joab and Davids men pursued him, and came to the city of Abel. Fearing that
they might destroy the whole city, a woman came out to stop Joab. Then, when she came
to the people of the city, they together killed Sheba, and delivered his head to Joab.
Famine In The Land (ch. 21, 24)
A famine was upon the land for 3 years. The LORD attributed it to Sauls actions against
the Gibeonites. Thus, David sought to bring justice for the men of Gibeon. They desired
7 men of Sauls offspring to be put to death for the actions of Saul, their father. Seven
were selected, the sons of Rizpah and the sons of Michal. Mephibosheth was spared. After
the sons of Saul were killed, the rain came.
Eventually, David sought to number the people. Joab warned him about it, but David was
determined to do so. After he had numbered the people, his heart condemned him. A
prophet came to David, giving him a choice of how his disobedience to the Lord would be
punished:
1) ...seven years of famine...
The choices are 3, 3 or 3. Remember, 3 years of
famine had already been upon the land, and with
2) ...flee three months before your enemies...
only a year having passed, the harvest would
3) ...three days of plague...
not yet be normal.
David chose the third option.

-90-
Davids Life Draws To A Close (ch. 22-23, 1 Kings 1-2)

The Spirit of the LORD spoke by me, and His word was
on my tongue. The God of Israel said, the Rock of
Compare chapter 22 with Psalm 18.

Israel spoke to me:
As David considered his life, he gave praise to

He who rules over men must be just, ruling in
the fear of God. and he shall be like the light
God for His goodness.
of the morning when the sun rises, a morning
In his old age, David was unable to stay warm.

without clouds, like the tender grass springing
out of the earth, by clear shining after rain.
Thus, his servants supplied a young woman to
Although my house is not so with God, yet He has
serve the king, and to lie in his bosom to
made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all
things and secure. For this is all my salvation and all
remain warm.
my desire; will He not make it increase? (2 Sam 23:2-5)
Without Davids knowledge, Adonijah, one of

his sons rose up and made himself king.
Nathan and Bathsheba came and told the king
what had taken place. David proclaimed Solomon king.
Before his death, David gave some final instructions to Solomon:

1) Keep the will of God;
2) Kill Joab;
3) Show kindness to Barzillai the Gileadite;
4) Kill Shimei
Then David passed away, and Solomon reigned as king.
-91-
Solomons Reign In Israel

1 Kings 2 11 (also 2 Chronicles 1-9)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
SOLOMON CLEANS HOUSE (Ch. 2)

Adonijah Executed
Rather than fading into the background (which would

perhaps have saved his life), Adonijah came to Bathsheba,
the mother of Solomon, requesting that she speak to the
king on his behalf. Rather than receiving his request for
Abishag the Shunamite as wife, Solomon sent Benaiah the
son of Jehoiada to execute him.
NOTE Abishag was the woman who had kept David

warm in his old age (1 Ki 1:1-4).
Abiathar Exiled
Though Abiathar the priest was deserving of death (he was guilty of treason), Solomon
sent him away, on account of the relationship he had with David, Solomons father.
Solomon removed Abiathar from the priesthood, which fulfilled the Lords word regarding
Eli and his descendants.
Joab Executed
Hearing that Solomon had killed Adonijah and exiled Abiathar, Joab fled to the tabernacle
and clung to the horns of the altar. He would not depart, so Solomon commanded Benaiah
to kill him there.
Joab was not only guilty of treason, but also had shed innocent blood (Abner, Amasa, etc.)
Shimei Executed
Recall, Shimei had cursed David and thrown

TWO DISREGARDED
stones at him. Solomon commanded him to build
COMMANDS
a house in Jerusalem, and not to depart from
Build yourself a house in Jerusalem and
Jerusalem. If he did, he would die. Shimei agreed,
dwell there, and do not go out from there
anywhere. for it shall be, on the day you go
and did so.
out and cross the Brook Kidron, know for
After 3 years time, two of Shimeis slaves ran

certain you shall surely die; your blood shall
away. He left Jerusalem, retrieved his slaves in
be on your own head. (1 Ki 2:36-37)
Gath, and then returned to Jerusalem. Solomon
You shall not give back to his master the
was informed, and Shimei was put to death.
slave who has escaped from his master to
you. (Deut 23:15)
SOLOMON WISDOM (Ch. 3-4)

Wisdom Requested
Solomon loved the LORD
and walked in wisdom, but
God appeared to Solomon in a dream, and asked what He

there a few things stand
should give him. Rather than wealth, long life, or the life of his
out:
enemies, Solomon requested that the LORD give him an
1) He married the
daughter of Pharaoh;
understanding heart, that he might judge the people of God.
2) He sacrificed at the
God was pleased with his request, and as a result also gave
high places
him great wealth.
Wisdom Displayed
Two women had given birth about the same time, but one child had died in the night. they
disputed over whose baby remained. Solomons solution split the child in half, and give
half to each. The mother was revealed by her compassion for the childs life.
Solomons wisdom excelled all others, and his fame went out to all the regions around him.
He spoke proverbs and songs, and of all manner of topics.
-92-
SOLOMON BUILDS THE TEMPLE (Ch. 5-8)
Solomon acquired cedars from Lebanon for the building of the temple. Resulting from this
commerce, a peace treaty was signed with Hiram, king of Tyre.
See chapter 6 for details about the temple. The building took 7 years to complete.
Several other buildings were constructed as well: Solomons house, the House of the
Forest of Lebanon, the Hall of Pillars, the Hall of
Judgment, and a house for Pharaohs daughter.
A bronze expert was brought from Tyre, who

God appears a second time (Ch. 9)
Following the dedication of the
constructed bronze pillars, a Sea of bronze, carts, lavers
temple, the LORD appeared again to
and furnishings.
Solomon in a dream. God promised
When the construction was complete, the temple was

blessings if Solomon and his
descendants were obedient, but
dedicated, and the ark of the LORD was brought into the
destruction if they should cease from
temple, as well as all the dedicated gold and silver.
walking in His way.
FURTHER ACCOMPLISHMENTS (Ch. 9-10)
Besides the temple, his personal house, the House of

the Forest of Lebanon, the Hall of Pillars, the Hall of Judgement, and Pharaohs daughters
house, Solomon also commissioned the building of several other structures, cities, and a
fleet of ships.
All those who dwelt in the land who were not of the children of Israel were turned into a
labour force by Solomon to accomplish these building projects.
Chapter 10 demonstrates the wealth of Solomon, speaking of the great amount of gold
which came into his possession and which was used for various items. ...King Solomon
surpassed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom. (10:23)
Many sought to come to hear the wisdom of Solomon, bearing gifts with them. Among
these, was the Queen of Sheba, who gave praise to God for Solomons wisdom.
THE END OF SOLOMONS LIFE (Ch. 11)
And he had seven hundred wives,
Idolatry And Adversaries
princesses, and three hundred
concubines; and his wives turned
Though formerly identified as one who loved the LORD,

away his heart. (1 Ki 11:3)
the love of foreign women caused Solomon to turn away
from the LORD. He worshipped the gods of the
Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, and
Jeroboam, Solomons servant, met the
Hittites, and built altars for these gods.
prophet Ahijah, who tore a new garment
Because of Solomons idolatry, the kingdom would be

into 12 pieces, and told him to take 10.
torn away from him, and given to his servant. But for
The LORD would give him 10 of the
tribes of Israel, but Judah would remain
Davids sake:
with the family of David. If he would keep
1) it would be in the days of his son, Rehoboam;
the LORDs statutes, God would bless
2) it would be all the kingdom but one tribe.
him, as He had blessed David.
Also, because of Solomons idolatry, two adversaries

were raised up by the LORD against Israel, Hadad,
the Edomite, and Rezon of Zobah.
Solomons Death
Neither 1 Kings nor 2 Chronicles give the whole of Solomons life. Other writings are
mentioned, but we do not have access to these (1 Ki 11:41; 2 Chr 9:29).
Though no indication is given in 1 Kings or 2 Chronicles that Solomon turned back to the
LORD, the book of Ecclesiastes would seem to indicate that he did (Ecc. 10:1; 12:1-14).
-93-
The Divided Kingdom

1 Kings 11 2 Kings 17 (also 2 Chronicles 1031)
THE REVOLT AGAINST REHOBOAM (1 Ki 12; 2 Chr 10-11)
Rehoboam went to Shechem, where all Israel was to make

him king. There, the people demanded that he lighten the
heavy tax burden which Solomon had imposed upon the
people. He rejected the sound advice of the elders, and
chose to impose even heavier taxes on the people. As a
result, the people from the north turned away from
Rehoboam and Jeroboam was made king. Only Judah
remained faithful to Rehoboam.
Rehoboam desired to fight against those who revolted, but

the LORD sent word by the prophet Shemaiah that he
should not do so.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE KINGS OF JUDAH AND ISRAEL

DATE
931 BC
914
JUDAH
ISRAEL
1 Ki 14:21-31; 2 Chr 9:31-12:16
1 Ki 11:26-14:20; 2 Chr 10:1-13:20
REHOBOAM reigned 17 years

and was an evil king. He led
Judah into num erous unlawful
practices. Judah was attacked
by Egypt, and m uch of the
wealth of Judah was carried
away.
JEROBOAM reigned 22 years

and was an evil king. Fearing
he would lose Israel if the
people went to Jerusalem for
worship, he set up his own
worship in the North, bringing
Gods wrath upon his fam ily
and nation.
1 Ki 15:1-8; 2 Chr 13:1-14:1
PROPHETS
Shem aiah (in Judah)
Iddo the Seer (in both)
Ahijah the Shilonite (in Isreal)
Man of God (in Israel)
Prophet of Bethel (in Israel)
Iddo the Seer (in Judah)
ABIJAM reigned 3 years and

was an evil king. He was
victorious in battle against
Jeroboam .
912
911
910
1 Ki 15:9-24; 2 Chr 14:1-16:14
ASA reigned 41 years and was

a good king. He destroyed the
idols which had been set up in
Judah; he renewed Judahs
covenant with God. He was
victorious in battle over the
Ethiopians and Israel. In the
conflict with Isr el, Asa used
the Syrians to gain victory,
which displeased God. Asa
im prisoned the prophet who
rebuked him for not relying
upon the Lord in battle.
Azariah (in Judah)

Hanani (in Judah)
1 Ki 15:25-31
NADAB reigned 2 years and

was an evil king. This son of
Jeroboam was struck down by
Baasha, who also killed the
rem ainder of the house of
Jeroboam .
1 Ki 15:16-16:7
BAASHA reigned 24 years

and was an evil king. Rather
than purge the evil from Israel,
he continued in the evil ways
of Jeroboam . Many who
sought to be faithful to the
Lord m oved to Judah.
-94-
Jehu (in Israel)

DATE
887 BC
886
JUDAH
ASA continued...
In his old age, Asa was
afflicted with disease in his
feet. Rather than seeking the
L o r d s h e lp , h e s o le ly
consulted physicians. He did
not turn from the Lord, but
neither did he rely upon the
Lord as he ought to have.
ISRAEL
PROPHETS
1 Ki 16:8-14
ELAH reigned 2 years and

was an evil king. He and all
the descendants of Baasha
were killed by Zim ri.
1 Ki 16:9-20
ZIM RI reigned 1 week and

was an evil king. He had
proclaim ed him self king while
the arm y was besieging the
Philistines. Upon their return,
the arm y proclaim ed Om ni
king. Seeing his hopeless
state, Zim ri burned the palace
down over him self.
1 Ki 16:16-28
886
OM RI reigned 12 years and

was an evil king. Not all
supported O m ri, and so civil
war plagued Israel. He moved
the capital from Tirzah to
Sam aria.
1 Ki 16:29-22:40; 2 Chr 18:1-34
875
872
1 Ki 22:41-50; 2 Chr 17:1-21:1
JEHOSHAPHAT reigned 25
years and was a good king. He
was com m itted to the Lord, but
Judah was not. He sent out
the religious leaders to teach
the people.
856
A peace treaty was signed with

Israel, and Judah even went to
battle with Israel against the
Syrians. Jehoshaphat was
rebuked through Jehu the
prophet for this.
Judah was attacked by an
alliance of the Moabites and
Am m onites, but because
Jehoshaphat trusted the Lord,
He fought for Judah.
AHAB reigned 22 years and

was an evil king. Urged on by
his wife Jezebel, he m ade
Baal worship the official
religion of Israel. Both he and
Jezebel were exceedingly
wicked, killing the prophets of
God and others (ie. Naboth).
Ahab would die in
against the Syrians.
battle
Elijah (in Israel)

Elisha (in Israel)
Micaiah (in Israel)
Jehu (in Judah)

Jahaziel (in Judah)
Eliezer (in Judah)
Miracles abounded during this

tim e as God attem pted to
restore Israel through the work
of Elijah and Elisha.
1 Ki 22:51-2 Ki 1:18; 2 Chr 20:35-37
AHAZIAH reigned 2 years and

was an evil king. He walked in
the sam e wickedness as his
father and m other.
He fell from an upper story
window, and it was uncertain
whether he would life. He sent
to inquire of a prophet fo Baal
rather than a prophet of God.
-95-
Elijah (in Israel)

Elisha (in Israel)

DATE
855 BC
851
JUDAH
ISRAEL
JEHOSHAPHAT continued...
AHAZIAH continued...
Jehoshaphat m ade a shipping

treaty with Ahaziah. The Lord
was displeased, and revealed
by the prophet Eliezer that the
ships would be destroyed.
Elijah was sent to reveal that

Ahaziah would die. Gods
power was dem onstrated to
Ahaziah and his m en through
Elijah the prophet.
He m ade yet another treaty

with Israel, this tim e with
Joram . They fought against
Moab together and were
victorious.
2 Ki 3:1-9:26
PROPHETS
Elisha (in Israel)
JORAM reigned 12 years and

was an evil king. He did
according to the deeds of his
father Ahab.
2 Ki 8:16-24; 2 Chr 21:1-20
Obadiah (to Edom )

Elijah (in Judah)
JEHORAM reigned 8 years

and was an evil king. He
walked in the ways of Ahab,
his father-in-law. He was
m arried to Athaliah, the
daughter of Ahab and Jezebel.
After Jehoshaphats death,
Jehoram m urdered all his
brothers. He built high places
and encouraged idol worship
in Judah.
A letter cam e from Elijah
(note, Elijah had already gone
to heaven by this tim e).
Trouble would com e because
of his w ic k edness. T he
A ra b ia n s an d P h ilis tin e s
attacked and took all the kings
sons but one, Jehoahaz (also
known as Ahaziah or Azariah).
After this, Jehoram suffered
with a bowel illness for 2
years, and then died.
844
2 Ki 8:25-9:29; 2 Chr 22:1-9
2 Ki 9:1-10:36
AHAZIAH reigned 1 year and

was an evil king. He was the
only heir, since his brothers
were taken captive by the
Philistines and Arabians.
JEHU reigned 28 years and

was an evil king. He was
anointed by Elisha as king
while Joram still lived. In
securing his throne, he killed
Joram and all his brothers,
Ahaziah, king of Judah, and
Jezebel. This served to purge
to som e degree the house of
Ahab from the land.
-96-
Elisha (in Israel)

DATE
844 BC
838
JUDAH
ISRAEL
2 Ki 11:1-20; 2 Chr 22:10-23:21
JEHU continued....
ATHALIAH reigned 6 years

and was an evil queen.
Hearing of her sons death,
she quickly took the throne for
herself. She killed Ahaziahs
children to snuff out the heirs
to the throne, but she m issed
one, Joash.
Jehu destroyed the Baal

worshippers in Israel, but did
not return Israel to proper
worship. He worshipped the
golden calves set up by
Jeroboam .
2 Ki 11:21-12:21; 2 Chr 24:1-27
PROPHETS
Joel (in Judah)
JOASH reigned 40 years and

was a good king, until the
death of Jehoiada, and then
he becam e an evil king. He
was raised to the throne at the
age of 7, in secrecy by
Jehoiada, the priest. His
grandm other seeing it cried
out, Treason!. She was
thereafter executed.
816
802
801
J e h o ia d a renew ed th e
covenant between God and
Judah. W hen he was older,
Joash com m anded that the
tem ple be repaired. However,
after the death of Jehoiada,
Joash allowed idolatry in
Judah again. Zecharaiah, the
son of Jehoiada spoke against
the evil actions of Joash, but
was stoned for his words.
2 Ki 13:1-9
Having turned from the Lord,

Judah then becam e a target
for the Syrians, who had been
o p p re s s in g Is r a e l , u n ti l
Jehoahaz turned to the Lord
for help. Joash was severely
wounded in the conflict, and
was killed by two of his own
officers, in revenge for the
death of Zechariah.
2 Ki 13:10-14:16; 2 Chr 25:17-24
2 Ki 14:1-20; 2 Chr 25:1-28
AM AZIAH reigned 29 years

and was a good king who
turned evil. In his early years,
Am aziah served the Lord. He
trusted the Lord for victory in
battle against the Edom ites,
but soon turned to idolatry. In
the return from Edom , he
brought back their gods and
began to worship them .
Elisha (in Israel)
JEHOAHAZ reigned 17 years

and was an evil king. He
continued in the false worship
set up by Jeroboam . After the
nation was harshly ravished by
the Syrians, Jehoahaz sought
the Lords help in battle. The
Lord delivered them , though
Jehoahaz did not turn from his
idolatry.
JEHOASH reigned 16 years
and w as an evil king.
However, he was successful in
warfare against the Syrians,
defeating them on three
occasions.
Jehoash also was victorious in
battle against Judah, defeating
Am aziah, tearing down part of
the wall of Jerusalem , and
taking the treasures of the
tem ple and the kings house.
-97-
Elisha (in Israel)

DATE
787 BC
JUDAH
AM AZIAH continued...
JEHOASH continued....
He then sought battle with

Israel (Israel m ercenaries had
raided towns in Judah). The
Lord delivered Judah into the
hand of Israel in battle.
2 Ki 14:23-29
He would eventually die at the

hand of his own servants,
because he had turned from
the Lord.
JEROBOAM II reigned 41
years and was an evil king. He
continued in the wickedness of
Jeroboam , the son of Nebat.
771
2 Ki 15:1-7; 2 Chr 26:1-23
768
UZZIAH reigned 52 years and

was a good king. He is also
known as Azariah. He sought
the Lord, but failed to rem ove
the high places. He was
successful in war against the
Philistines and the Arabians.
767
767
ISRAEL
Uzziahs success went to his

head. He determ ined to offer
incense in the tem ple, which
only the priests could do. The
Lord struck him with leprosy.
He lived the rest of his life
segregated from the people of
Judah.
NOTE Uzziah reigned along
side his father, basically from
the beginning of his fathers
reign. Am aziah was captive in
Israel for m uch of that tim e.
Jonah (in Israel)

Am os (in Israel)
Hosea (in Israel)
Zechariah (in Judah)
2 Ki 15:8-12
Hosea (in Israel)
Z E C H A R I A H r e ig n e d 6
m onths and was an evil king.
He was slain by Shallum , who
then took the throne for
him self.
2 Ki 15:10-15
Hosea (in Israel)
SHALLUM reigned 1 m onth

and was an evil king. He only
ruled a m onth, before being
killed by Menahem .
2 Ki 15:14-22
Hosea (in Israel)
M ENAHEM reigned 10 years

and was an evil king. Som e
cities would not accept him as
king. He destroyed them .
2 Ki 15:23-26
757
PROPHETS
Hosea (in Israel)
PEKAHIAH reigned 2 years

and was an evil king. He was
killed by Pekah, a captain of
his arm y.
2 Ki 15:25-31; 16:5; 2 Chr 28:5-6
756
PEKAH reigned 20 years and

was an evil king. He continued
to lead Israel in idolatry.
755
2 Ki 15:32-38; 2 Chr 27:1-9
JOTHAM reigned 16 years

and was a good king. Though
he sought the Lord, the people
were given to idolatry. Jotham
was victorious in battle against
the Am m onites.
In the reign of Pekah, the

Assyrians began to come upon
Israel and to take the people
captive. The Assyrians were
raiding the region of Canaan,
and gaining territory. No doubt
the m oney sent from Ahaz,
king of Judah was helpful.
-98-
Hosea (in Israel)

Obed (in Israel)
Isaiah (in Judah)

Micah (in Judah)
DATE
740 BC
JUDAH
ISRAEL
2 Ki 16:1-20; 2 Chr 28:1-27
Isaiah (in Judah & Israel)

Micah (in Judah & Israel)
AHAZ reigned 16 years and

was an evil king. H e was the
m ost wicked king Judah had
seen. Not only did he worship
Baal, but he sacrificed his
children to pagan gods.
729 BC
Judah suffered greatly during

the reign of Ahaz, being
invaded by the Edom ites and
Philistines and som e carried
away captive. Rather than
seek help from the Lord, Ahaz
asked the king of Assyria (who
was attacking Israel) to help,
and sent gold from the tem ple
as a gift to him .
Ahaz went to m eet the king of
Assyria in Dam ascus, and
while there, offered sacrifices
to the gods of the Syrians. He
had a replica of the altar there
m ade and placed in the
tem ple. There, he continued to
offer sacrifices to the gods of
Dam ascus. His disregard for
the worship of God eventually
resulted in him closing the
doors to the house of God.
727
721
2 Ki 18:1-20:21; 2 Chr29:1-32:33
HEZEKIAH reigned 29 years

and was a good king. He was
the best king Judah had seen
since the days of David. He
rem oved idolatry from the
land, reopened the tem ple,
and m ade num erous religious
reform s am ong the people.
The Passover was observed in
the days of Hezekiah. It had
not been kept for a long tim e.
More on the reign of Hezekiah
in our next lesson.
PROPHETS
2 Ki 15:30; 17:1-6; 18:9-10
Hosea (in Israel)
HOSHEA reigned 9 years and

was an evil king. He led a
conspiracy against Pekah, and
killed him . Assyrian control in
the land continued, to the
degree that Hoshea becam e
the servant of Shalm aneser,
king of Assyria, paying a
tribute to him .
Hoshea eventually sought an
alliance with the king of Egypt.
This conspiracy was found out
by Shalm aneser, and Hoshea
was com m itted to prison.
Hoshea was the last of the
kings of Israel. His reign (while
in prison) ended with the
captivity of Israel.
CAPTIVITY OF ISRAEL
The Assyrians besieged the
land for 3 years, after which
they took the people captive.
Sam aria becam e an Assyrian
province, and people from a
variety of nation s were
relocated there.
-99-
Isaiah (in Judah)

Micah (in Judah)
Judah Alone
2 Kings 18 2 Kings 24 (also 2 Chronicles 3136)
ISRAEL IN CAPTIVITY
In the reign of Hoshea, king of Israel, Shalmaneser, king of

Assyria carried Israel away to Assyria, and gave their land
to people from other nations (2 Ki 17:6, 24). The LORD
sent lions among them, for they did not fear the LORD. A
priest from Israel was sent back into the land to teach the
people the rituals of the God of the land. They feared the
LORD, but continued to worship their own gods also.
Israel would never be reestablished. The new inhabitants

would intermarry with the poor Israelites left in the land,
and would become the mixed race known as the
Samaritans.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE KINGS OF JUDAH FOLLOWING THE CAPTIVITY OF ISRAEL

DATE
727 698 BC
JUDAH
PROPHETS
HEZEKIAH continued...
Ten years after Israel was taken, the Assyrians cam e against the
cities of Judah. Hezekiah paid a huge tribute to the king of
Assyria, seeking to be left in peace. The LORD answered the
prayer of both Isaiah and Hezekiah, assuring that He would
defend His city and people.
Isaiah
Micah
About the sam e tim e, the king was sick, and told he would die.
He prayed, and the LORD extended his life by 15 years.
Receiving gifts from the king of Babylon, Hezekiah showed the
m en who had com e all the wealth of Judah. Isaiah spoke against
Hezekiah and Judah, revealing that a day was com ing when all
would be carried away to Babylon.
698
2 Ki 21:1-18; 2 Chr33:1-20
Nahum
M ANASSEH reigned 55 years and was an evil king. He rebuilt

the high places, and even built altars in the house of God. He
m ade his sons pass through the fire, shed m uch innocent blood,
and engaged in soothsaying, witchcraft, and spiritism . In his
tim e, Judah did more evil than the nations whom the LORD had
destroyed before the children of Israel. (2 Ki 21:9)
Manasseh was taken captive by the Assyrians. In his affliction,
he hum bled him self and called upon the LORD. He was returned
to Jerusalem , where he fortified the city, took away the idols and
altars, and com m anded Judah to serve the LO RD. However,
Judah continued in idolatry.
643
2 Ki 21:19-26; 2 Chr33:21-25
AM ON reigned 2 years and was an evil king. He walked in the

wickedness, but unlike his father, would not hum ble him self. He
was killed by his own servants. Thereafter, the servants involved
in the conspiracy to kill the king were put to death by the people
of Judah.
-100-

DATE
641 BC
JUDAH
PROPHETS
2 Ki 22:1-23:30; 2 Chr34:1-35:27
JOSIAH reigned 31 years and was a good king. He purged

Judah of the high places and altars, and sought after the LORD.
He comm issioned m en to repair the house of God. In the
process of that project, the book of the LORD was found! Having
Gods word available, Josiah determ ined to restore true worship
to the land. The Passover was kept, in accordance with the Law.
it had not been so done since the days of Sam uel (2 Chr 35:18).
Isaiah
Micah
Huldah the prophetess
As king, Josiah com m anded that the people would serve the
LORD. He cleansed the tem ple, Judah and even into Israel.
W hile in Israel, at Bethel (2 Ki 23:15-20), Josiah fulfilled the
words of a m an of God who spoke in the days of Jeroboam (1 Ki
13:1-3).
610
Pharaoh Necho was headed northward to fight the Assyrians

near the Euphrates. Josiah went out against him . Necho sent
m essengers, warning Josiah, but he did not listen. Josiah died
in battle. Consider the warning given by Necho:
W hat have I to do with you, king of Judah? I have not
come against you this day, but against the house with
which I have war; for God commanded me to make
haste. Refrain from meddling with God, who is with me,
lest He destroy you. (2 Chr 35:21)
Josiahs Epitaph:
Now before him there was no
king like him, who turned to
the LORD with all his heart,
with all his soul, and with all
his might, according to all the
Law of Moses, nor after him
did any arise like him.
(2 Ki 23:25)
2 Ki 23:31-34; 2 Chr36:1-4
Jerem iah
JEHOAHAZ reigned 3 m onths and was an evil king. He was

im prisoned by Pharaoh Necho, and would not return to
Jerusalem again (Jer 22:10-12). In his place, Necho set up his
brother Eliakim as king, changing his nam e to Jehoiakim , and
im posing a tribute on the land.
609
2 Ki 23:35-24:6; 2 Chr36:5-8
JEHOIAKIM reigned 11 years and was an evil king. He paid

tribute to Pharaoh, exacting m oney from the people of the land
to do so. Thereafter, he becam e the servant of Nebuchadnezzar,
but after 3 years, he rebelled. The LORD sent bands of
Chaldeans, Syrians, Moabites and Am m onites to raid the land,
because of the sins of Manasseh. Nebuchadnezzar carried
Jehoiakim and som e of the articles of the tem ple to Babylon.
Jerem iah
Habakkuk
Daniel
Urjah the son of Shem aiah
The LORD called Judah to repentance through Jerem iah at the

beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim (Jer 26).
598
2 Ki 24:7-16; 2 Chr36:9-10
JEHOIACHIN reigned 3 m onths & 10 days and was an evil king.

Nebuchadnezzar cam e up against Judah again, and took him ,
his m other, his servants and som e articles of the tem ple to
Babylon. He also took captive the m en of valor, the craftsm en
and the sm iths. The destruction of Judah was em inent when
Jehoiachin took the throne (Jer 22:24-30)
In the 37 th year of the captivity, Jehoiachin was released from
prison. He lived com fortably the rem ainder of his life.
-101-
Jerem iah
Daniel

DATE
597 BC
JUDAH
PROPHETS
2 Ki 24:17-25:7; 2 Chr36:11-14
ZEDEKIAH reigned 11 years and was an evil king. He was m ade

king of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar. He also rebelled against
Nebuchadnezzar. From the 9 th year of Zedekiah to the 11 th year,
the Babylonians besieged Jerusalem . Zedekiahs children were
killed, and he was taken captive to Babylon with his eyes
plucked out.
586
CAPTIVITY OF JUDAH
Zedekiahs reign ended with the Babylonians destroying
Jerusalem and carrying the people of Judah away captive. It is
noteworthy that to be carried away captive was better than to
rem ain in the land (Jer 24:1-10; 29:4-20).
-102-
Jerem iah
Daniel
Ezekiel
Ezekiel
Daniel
The Captivity
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Daniel, Ezekiel
DANIEL & FRIENDS IN BABYLON (Dan 1)
Daniel and his friends were taken in the first group of

captives, 606 BC. They were among the young Israelite
men to be trained to serve in the kings palace. Each of
them was given a new name:
Daniel was named Belteshazzar;
Haaniah was named Shadrach;
Mishael was named Meshach;
Azariah was named Abed-Nego.
Though Daniel and his friends were but young men, they
had a zeal for the God of Israel, and sought to serve and
glorify Him in their deeds and words. Daniel, ...purposed in his heart that he would not
defile himself with the portion of the kings delicacies, nor with the wine which he drank...
(1:8) As a result, he and his friends increased in strength, stature and knowledge, such
that Nebuchadnezzar found them to be 10 times better than his magicians and astrologers.
The secret which the king has demanded, the
NEBUCHADNEZZARS DREAMS (Dan 2)
wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, and
The king had dreams which distressed him.

the soothsayers cannot declare to the king.
But there is a God in heaven who reveals
Magicians astrologers and sorcerers were called in
secrets, and He has made known to King
to reveal the dream and the interpretation. They
Nebuchadnezzar what will be in the latter
could not, so the king commanded that all the wise
days. (2:27-28)
men of Babylon be put to death. Even Daniel and
his friends were sought by the kings guard.
The dream and its interpretation was revealed to Daniel in a vision.

God had shown to Nebuchadnezzar things which would come to
pass in the future, about his kingdom and those which would follow,
even unto the coming of the kingdom of God.
After the dream and interpretation were revealed, the king

declared, Truly your God is the God of gods, the Lord of kings...
(2:47). Daniel was promoted to ruler over the whole province of
Babylon, and chief administrator over all wise men of Babylon. His
friends were set over the affairs of the province of Babylon.
THE FIERY FURNACE (Dan 3)
Nebuchadnezzar made a gold statue of himself, 90 feet tall and 9 feet wide. At the sound
of the musical instruments in symphony, all were to fall down and worship the image of
Nebuchadnezzar. Any who did not would be cast into a burning furnace.
An accusation came against the Jews, that they did

O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to
not bow down and worship; specifically against
answer you in this matter. If that is the
case, our God whom we serve is able to
Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego, since they had
deliver us from the burning fiery furnace,
been set over the affairs of the province of Babylon.
and He will deliver us from your hand, O
The king commanded that they fall down to worship

king. But if not, let it be known to you, O
king, that we do not serve your gods, nor
the image, but they would not. Upon their refusal, he
will we worship the gold image which you
commanded that the furnace be heated seven times
have set up. (3:16-18)
more than usual, and cast them in bound.
-103-
Those who had cast them in were killed by the heat of the flame when they approached
the furnace. But when Nebuchadnezzar looked in, he saw ...four men loosed, walking in
the midst of the fire; and they are not hurt, and the form of the fourth is like the Son of
God. (3:25). He commanded Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego to come out. He
made a decree, that any who spoke amiss against the God of Israel should be cut in
pieces.
CAPTIVITY IN 3 PHASES
Jerem iah revealed that it was better
Daniel and his friends were taken in the 1st phase of

to be taken in the captivity (ch. 24),
the captivity, 606 BC. In 598 BC, Nebuchadnezzar
and encouraged those in Babylon
to build houses and raise fam ilies,
again made a campaign against Judah, bringing back
for the captivity would last for
more captives. Jehoiachin was king in Jerusalem at the
seventy years (ch. 29).
time. When he was taken away, the LORD revealed
through Jeremiah that he would die in a foreign land,
and no descendant of his would reign again in Judah
(Jer 22:26-30).
Ezekiel, the prophet, was taken in this second group of captives (Eze 1:1-2). It seems that
Mordecais great-grandfather, Kish was taken captive in this group of captives also (Est
2:5-6).
Both Jeremiah (in the land of Judah) and Ezekiel (in Babylon) were busy dispelling the
notion held by some Jews that the yoke of Babylon would soon be broken. False prophets
filled the people with false hope.
In 588 BC, Nebuchadnezzar laid siege against Jerusalem again, but broke off for a time,
to meet the Egyptians in battle. Being victorious over the Egyptians, the Babylonians
turned their attention back to Judah. More captives were carried away, and Jerusalem fell
in 586 BC.
NEBUCHADNEZZARS INSANITY (Dan 4)
Where exactly this occasion fits in, we cannot be entirely sure. Regardless, a wonderful
lesson is given through the dreams and
experiences of Nebuchadnezzar. The text
How great are His signs, and how mighty His wonders!
of Daniel 4 is written from the perspective
His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and His
of the king.
dominion is from generation to generation. (Dan 4:3)
In a dream, he was shown his glory and

...the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, and gives
how the LORD would humble him. Daniel
it to whomever He chooses. (Dan 4:25, 32)
advised Nebuchadnezzar that he should
And at the end of the time I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted my
cease from sin, and conduct himself in
eyes to heaven, and my understanding returned to me;
righteousness. Perhaps the time of his
and I blessed the Most High and praised and honored
prosperity would be lengthened. This he
Him who lives forever: for His dominion is an everlasting
dominion, and His kingdom is from generation to
did, for a year.
generation. All the inhabitants of the earth are reputed
At the end of a years time, the king

as nothing; He does according to His will in the army of
stroked his own ego, walking in the royal
heaven and among the inhabitants of the earth. No one
can restrain His hand or say to Him, What have you
palace, and immediately, he was driven
done? (Dan 4:34-35)
from men and became as a beast for a
time.
-104-
FALL OF BABYLON (Dan 5)

W hile Babylon is
Nebuchadnezzar died in 562 BC. His son Evil-Merodach became

experiencing internal
turmoil, a man named
king, but reigned only 2 years before being assassinated. His
Cyrus rose to power in
brother-in-law, Neriglissar) was then raised to the throne, but died
the small kingdom of
Persia. Very quickly,
in 556 BC. Neriglissars infant son (Labashi-Marduk) was then
Cyrus was victorious in
proclaimed king, but was slain by conspirators, who rose
battle over the Medes,
Nabonidus to the throne. Belshazzar, spoken of in Daniel 5, was
and combined the two
empires, to create the
the son of Nabonidus. He would fall at the hands of the Persians.
Medo-Persian empire.
By this time (539 BC), Daniel is an old man (82, assuming he was
16 at the time the captivity began). Though no longer chief of the
wise men in Babylon, he still served as Gods prophet.
Belshazzar went all out for this feast. It is noteworthy that his father Nabonidus had already
suffered defeat at the hand of Cyrus, on the battlefield. What prompted such a pompous
feast is uncertain. The gold vessels which were taken from the temple of God were used
to drink from. Suddenly, a mans hand appeared and wrote on the wall plaster.
Belshazzar offered to give Daniel a ruler

MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN
in Babylon, if he could give the
interpretation of the writing on the wall.
MENE: God has numbered your kingdom and finished it;
TEKEL: You have been weighed in the balances, and
Daniel gave the interpretation.
found wanting;
Belshazzar had not humbled himself as
PERES: Your kingdom has been divided, and given to the
Nebuchadnezzar did, though he knew all
Medes and Persians.
that the former king had experienced.
Belshazzar failed to give glory to God.
Belshazzar would fall that night. The Persians had diverted the waters of the Euphrates,
which flowed under the city wall. When the water level had dropped sufficiently, they
waded beneath the wall, and took the city. Nabonidus would thereafter submit to Cyrus,
and become a governor in Cyrus kingdom. Babylon was placed under Darius, the Mede.
The reign of the Persians fulfills the dream of Nebuchadnezzar (Dan 2).
DANIEL IN THE LIONS DEN (Dan 6)
DECREE OF DARIUS
Daniel was given a prominent position in

Whoever petitions any god or man for thirty days,
the kingdom of Darius, but those who were
except the king, shall be cast into the den of lions.
around him sought to bring some
accusation against him. They conspired
against Daniel by having the king establish a decree. Though the decree had been
signed, Daniel still prayed in his upper room, with his window open toward Jerusalem. This
had been his custom since early days.
Darius sought to deliver Daniel, but could

My God sent His angel and shut the lions mouths, so
that they have not hurt me, because I was found
not. The decree was firm. Though he could
innocent before Him; and also, O king, I have done no
not deliver Daniel, Darius said to him, Your
wrong before you. (6:21)
God, whom you serve continually, He will
Darius new decree:
deliver you. The king did not sleep that
I make a decree that in every dominion of my kingdom
men must tremble and fear before the God of Daniel.
night, but fasted. The next morning, Daniel
For He is the living God, and steadfast forever; His
was still alive. Those who had accused
kingdom is the one which shall not be destroyed, and
Daniel were brought and cast into the lions
His dominion shall endure to the end. He delivers and
rescues, and He works signs and wonders in heaven
den, along with their wives and children.
and on earth, who has delivered Daniel from the power
The king made a new decree.
of the lions. (6:26-27)
-105-
DREAMS AND VISIONS WHILE IN CAPTIVITY (Dan 7-9)
Daniel not only was given interpretations for the dreams and visions of others, but God
granted dreams and visions which foretold things to come to Daniel also. He was given a
dream in the first year of Belshazzar (7:1) about the succession of kingdoms, and the
coming of the Lords kingdom. In the third year of Belshazzar (8:1), another vision was
given to Daniel, this one much like the previous, about the succession of kingdoms, and
the coming kingdom of God.
In the first year of Darius (9:1), Daniel understood the length of the captivity, and prayed
to the Lord regarding the people of Judah, for he realized the time of the captivity was
over. God supplied an immediate answer to Daniels prayer, as Gabriel, the angel was
sent. The people would be returned to the land, the city would be rebuilt, but after the
passing of time, it would be destroyed once more, this time for good. Not that the city
would never be rebuilt again, but that it would never again occupy the special place it had
in Gods plan.
THE END OF CAPTIVITY
The captivity officially ended with a proclamation in the first year of Cyrus, the king of
Persia. Cyrus declared, All the kingdoms of the earth the LORD God of heaven has given
me. And He has commanded me to build Him a house at Jerusalem which is in Judah.
Who is among you of all His people? May his God be with him, and let him go up to
Jerusalem which is in Judah, and build the house of the LORD God of Israel (He is God),
which is in Jerusalem. (Ezra 1:2-3)
-106-
Return From Captivity 1

Ezra, Esther
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE DECREE OF CYRUS (2 Chr 36:22-23; Ezra 1:1-4)
Jeremiah had prophesied that the captivity would last for

seventy years (Jer 25:12-13; 29:10). Cyrus, king of Persia
had decreed that the Jews return to build the house of God
in Jerusalem.
Nearly 200 years previous, Isaiah had prophesied:

Who says of Cyrus, He is My Shepherd, and shall perform
all My pleasure, saying to Jerusalem, You shall be built,
and to the temple, Your foundation shall be laid. (44:28)
Though freed from their Babylonian captivity, it is

noteworthy that not all the Jews returned to Judah. By New
Testament times, there were Jews living throughout the Roman empire.
THE FIRST RETURN (Ezra 1-4)
The people made preparation to return to the land for the rebuilding of the city and the
temple. Most of those who returned were from the tribes of Judah, Benjamin and Levi.
The vessels which had been removed from the temple by Nebuchadnezzar were returned
by the hands of Shesbazzar, who had been made governor in Judah (Ezra 5:14). It would
seem that Shesbazzar is one and the same as Zerubbabel (Ezra 2:2; 3:2, 8; 4:2-3; 5:2).
Having settled in the land, the people came together to Jerusalem. The altar was rebuilt,
and sacrifices began to be offered. Also, since it was the 7th month, the people observed
the Feast of Tabernacles.
The following spring, work began on the temple, to rebuild it. Their neighbours to the north
(who would later be called the Samaritans), had been worshipping God in the land, and
sought to help in the work of rebuilding the temple. However, the Jews would not permit
it, but did according to the command of Cyrus. Thus, the pagans harassed and sought to
discourage the Jews to keep them from finishing the work.
After Cyrus died in battle (530 BC), the enemies of the Jews wrote to his son, Cambyses
(called in Ezra 4:7, Artaxerxes). The letter indicated that the Jews sought to rebel against
the king by rebuilding the city, and that they would refuse to pay tribute. The king searched
the records, and found that Jerusalem had formerly been a rebellious city, as the enemies
of the Jews said. Thus, Artaxerxes sent orders that the construction cease. Note, they
conveniently failed to mention the decree of Cyrus, which commissioned the rebuilding.
Shortly thereafter (522 BC), Artaxerxes

In the second year of King Darius, in the sixth month,
died (having intentionally wounded
on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD
himself), and the kingdom was eventually
came by Haggai the prophet to Zerubbabel the son of
Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of
in the hands of Darius. In the days of
Jehozadak, the high priest, saying, Thus speaks the
Darius, both Haggai and Zechariah
LORD of hosts, saying, This people says, the time has
prophesied to the people (Ezra 5:1).
not come, the time that the LORDs house should be
built. Then the word of the LORD came by Haggai the
prophet, saying, Is it time for you yourselves to dwell in
your paneled houses, and this temple to lie in ruins?
(Hag 1:1-4)
-107-
THE TEMPLE IS COMPLETED (Ezra 5-6)
Having been rebuked by the LORD through the prophets, the people again turned their
hand to the work of rebuilding the temple. It had been 16 years since the work had
stopped.
Tattenai, governor of Syria and Palestine, inquired of the

Darius increased the size of the
Jews what they were doing. He wrote to Darius, explaining
Persian empire a great deal.
However, he was humiliated in
what was taking place in Jerusalem, and Darius searched
battle by the Greeks in the battle at
the records, and indeed, the decree of Cyrus was found,
Marathon (490 BC), just 4 years
which commissioned the work of rebuilding the temple. In
prior to the end of his rule. His son,
Xerxes, sought to avenge his
return, Darius commanded that the governor and his men
fathers humiliation. He had some
not interfere with the work which was being done. Also, the
success at first (even burning the
city of Athens), but eventually
expense for the building would be covered by the tribute
suffered defeat, and returned
collected beyond the Euphrates.
home.
The work was completed 20 years after it had begun.

THE STORY OF ESTHER
Xerxes, the son of Darius, was also known as

Queen Vashti has not only wronged the king, but
Ahasuerus. In the 3rd year of his reign, prior to
also all the princes, and all the people who are in
all the provinces of King Ahasuerus. For the
his battles with the Greeks, he held a great
queens behavior will become known to all
feast. He displayed his great wealth for a period
women, so that they will despise their husbands
of 6 months, ending the event with yet another
in their eyes, when they report, King Ahasuerus
commanded Queen Vashti to be brought in
great feast. On the final day, he called for
before him, but she did not come.... When the
Queen Vashti to come in the presence of the
kings decree which he will make is proclaimed
king and the nobles, that they might see her
throughout all his empire (for it is great), all wives
will honor their husbands, both great and small.
beauty, but she would not. He became angry,
(1:16-17, 20)
and had her put to death.
Some time later, the king sought a new queen.

Among those who were selected to be shown to
the king was Esther, a Jew. She won the kings favour, and became the queen of Persia.
Esthers uncle, Mordecai, who served at the kings gate in some capacity, learned of a plot
to kill the king, and through his efforts, the plot was thwarted and those responsible were
put to death. This deed of Mordecais would become important in the saving of the Jews.
A man named Haman was elevated to a great position among the kings people, and he
enjoyed basking in the glory of his rank. All the kings servants bowed down before him,
all, except for Mordecai. When Haman was made aware that Mordecai would not bow
down, he sought to take out his anger, not only on Mordecai, but upon all the Jews.
Haman went to the king and spoke against the Jews, as a people who did not keep the
kings laws. He strongly suggested that they ought to be put to death. Haman was even
willing to pay for the cost of their destruction. So, the king gave his approval.
Mordecai, hearing of the plot, put on

Do not think in your heart that you will escape in the
sackcloth with ashes, and sat at the kings
kings palace any more than all the other Jews. For if
you remain completely silent at this time, relief and
gate weeping. Esther heard of his wailing,
deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place,
but not of the plot against the Jews. She
but you and your fathers house will perish. Yet who
sent clothing to him, but he would not put
knows whether you have come to the kingdom for such
a time as this? (4:13-14)
it on. He sent word back to her of Hamans
plan. She needed to go into the presence
of the king on behalf of her people. But to
do so would be to put her life in danger, for she had not been called to come to the king.
-108-
The king held out his scepter to Esther, thus giving his approval of her (and releasing her
from the penalty of death). Esther held 2 banquets, which the king and Haman attended.
Hamans ego was stroked by the invitation to the feasts a private feast with the king and
queen. But when he thought of Mordecai still alive, these things were nothing to him. He
sought at once a way to kill Mordecai. To do so, a great gallows was built, and he would
seek permission the next day to put Mordecai to death on the gallows.
Unable to sleep, the king requested that the
For the man whom the king delights to honor, let a
chronicles be read to him. As he listened, he
royal rob be brought which the king has worn, and
a horse on which the king has ridden, which has a
heard of Mordecai exposing the plot against
royal crest placed on its head. Then let this robe
his own life, but realized no honour had been
and horse be delivered to the hand of one of the
given to him. When early morning came,
kings most noble princes, that he may array the
man whom the king delights to honor. Then parade
Haman was in the kings court (he sought
him on horseback through the city square, and
permission to hang Mordecai). So the king
proclaim before him, Thus shall it be done to the
called him in, and asked him what he would
man whom the king delights to honor! (6:7-9)
recommend be done for one the king sought
to honour. Haman thought the king sought to
honour him.
Haman was sent to honour Mordecai in the way that he described to the king. His plan to
kill Mordecai and all the Jews was coming undone before his eyes.
At the second of Esthers feasts, she petitioned the king on behalf of her people, revealing
that an evil plot had been devised against them. The king asked who was behind the plot,
and it was revealed that it was Haman. Haman would be hung on the gallows he built for
Mordecai.
Rather than the Jews being killed, the king decreed that the Jews avenge their enemies.
So, those who would have risen up against the Jews were put to death.
EZRA RESTORES WORSHIP (Ezra 7-10)

For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the
After the death of Xerxes, his son Artaxerxes

Law of the LORD, and to do it, and to teach
statutes and ordinances in Israel. (Ezra 7:10)
became king (486-465 BC). In his seventh year,
Ezra led a group of Jews back to Jerusalem. He
was a descendant of Aaron, and a careful student
of the law. He sought to return the Jews to proper worship of the LORD. He was not only
granted permission by the king to go, but also his needs were supplied by the king.
Artaxerxes also made all temple workers exempt from taxation.
When Ezra came into the land, he

You have transgressed and have taken pagan wives,
addressed the problem of mixed
adding to the guilt of Israel. Now therefore, make
confession to the LORD God of your fathers, and do
marriages. Recall, the people were
His will; separate yourselves from the people of the
commanded in the Law of Moses not to
land, and from the pagan wives. (Ezra 10:10-11)
intermarry with other nationalities. Ezra
took Gods law seriously, and did what he
could to bring it to the attention of others.
-109-
Return From Captivity 2

Nehemiah, Malachi
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
NEHEMIAH REBUILDS THE WALL OF JERUSALEM (Neh 1-6)
Thirteen years after Ezras departure for Jerusalem, we are

introduced to Nehemiah, who served as cupbearer for king
Artaxerxes. Hearing of the still devastated wall of
Jerusalem, Nehemiah sought to go to Jerusalem, that he
might lead the people in the rebuilding of the walls. The
king gladly sent Nehemiah to Jerusalem.
When he arrived, he faced immediate opposition from

three leaders, Sanballat (governor of Samaria), Tobiah
(Ammonite leader), and Geshem (Arabian leader).
After being there 3 days, he went out by night to survey the

wall of Jerusalem. He then challenged the people, that they should rebuild the walls.
Duties were assigned to the people, not just carpenters and brick layers, but to perfumers,
priests, politicians, etc..
Though the persecutions from their enemies continued, the Jews persisted in the work.
Their enemies plotted violence against them, but the people trusted the Lord. Also, they
divided the people, half serving as guards, the other half continuing in construction. Even
the labourers carried a weapon with them. They were always at the ready for an attack.
Some internal problems arose also. Folks were running out of food. To pay their taxes and
provide food, some had mortgaged their land and homes. Others had borrowed money or
even sold their children as slaves, but could not afford to redeem them.
Nehemiah called together the nobles, and rebuked

Nehemiah was an example of
them for charging interest to their own countrymen
selflessness to the people. He did not
take the provisions which were available
and putting them into slavery. The law of Moses
to him as governor, but provided for his
forbade such (Ex 22:25; Lev 25:35-41; Deut 23:19own expenses. He would not become a
20). He rallied the people to raise money to free
hindrance to the people or the work.
those who had been sold as slaves to the Gentiles.
When his enemies heard that the wall was complete,

and that only the hanging of the doors remained to be done, they called for Nehemiah to
come to meet with them in the plain of Ono (in the region which had belonged to
Benjamin). He did not go, but sent a servant, expressing:
I am doing a great work, so that I cannot come down. Why should the
work cease while I leave it and go down to you?
They repeated the request 4 times, and he answered the same each time. The fifth time,
they sent an accusation, that he was rebuilding the walls, that he might become king in
Judah. They threatened to report this to the king, if he would not meet with them. Again,
he would not be deterred from the work.
Again, they attempted to sway Nehemiah, hiring a prophet

Should such a man as I flee?
(whom Nehemiah apparently knew and trusted) to report
And who is there such as I who
would go into the temple to save
that they would come that night to kill him. Thus, he should
his life? I will not go in! (6:11)
hide in the temple. He would do no such thing. Not only
had they sent this prophet, but 6:14 indicates they had hired
others also.
The temple was complete in 52 days!! When their enemies saw it, they lost heart, for
they perceived that it was God who had accomplished this work (6:15-16).
-110-
NEHEMIAH LEADS JUDAH IN RESTORATION (Nehemiah 7-13)

Notice the different terms used to
Rulers were appointed, and the people were registered by

describe the same book which
was read:
genealogy. It was important for the Jews to keep accurate
- book of the Law of Moses (v 1)
genealogical records, both for the perpetuation of the
- the Law (v 2)
temple servants and the recognition of the coming Messiah.
- the book of the Law (v 3)
- the Law of God (v 8)
The people gathered in the open square, and Gods word

- book of the Law of God (v 18)
was read in their hearing. They observed the feast of
tabernacles. Such had not been done since the days of
Joshua (8:17).
Later that same month, all the people assembled together, fasting and in sackcloth. This
was a public confession of sin, and a renewal of their covenant with God. Among the
things which they promised to do were:
not to intermarry with foreigners;
not to buy or sell on the Sabbath or any other holy day;
to observe the Sabbath year with regard to their crops;
to give to the Lord and the temple service as they ought;
We will not neglect the house of our God
A process was used (one of every 10 families by lot) to populate the city of Jerusalem. The
city could not prosper if it did not have a population.
After spending 12 years in Jerusalem, Nehemiah returned to

NOTICE After the return
Artaxerxes, king of Persia. Having spent a bit of time there, he
from captivity, the Jews did
not worship idols (as they
received permission to return to Jerusalem. When he returned,
had prior to being led into
he was shocked to see that a chamber had been prepared for
captivity). However, a new
set of problems were
Tobiah in the courts of the house of God. It was in the law of
addressed by the prophets
God that no Ammonite or Moabite could enter the assembly of
of God in the days of the
Israel. Nehemiah evicted Tobiah, and commanded the room be
return complacency,
disregard for laws, etc..
purified.
Prophets sent in the time of
Nehemiah also worked with the Jews, restoring the contribution

the return include: Haggai,
to support the Levites, stopping those who broke the Sabbath
Zechariah, and Malachi.
law (recall, they had just agreed to these laws). Also, as Ezra
had to deal with mixed marriages when he had come to the
land, so Nehemiah had to do upon his return to the land.
THE FAILURE OF JUDAH (Malachi)
The People Failed To Serve As They Should (ch. 1-2)
Malachi is the final word we have from the Lord in

the Old Testament. The message is not good for the
people of God. They had failed in properly serving
before the Lord. The book is filled with rhetorical
questions, followed by the answers, as though a
conversation were being held between God and His
people.
The charges against the Jews included:

not honouring God as they ought to have (1:6-9)
the priests failed to give glory to God (2:1-12)
they were unfaithful in their marriages (2:13-17)
-111-
Who is there even among you who would

shut the doors, so that you would not kindle
fire on My altar in vain? I have no pleasure
in you, nor will I accept an offering from
your hands. From the rising of the sun,
even to its going down, My name shall be
great among the Gentiles; in every place
incense shall be offered to My name, and
pure offerings; for My name shall be great
among the nations. (1:10-11)
Gods Call For Repentance (ch. 3-4)
Behold, I will send My messenger, and he will prepare the way before Me... (3:1). This
is Malachi foretelling the coming of John the Baptist.
...And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple, even the Messenger
of the covenant... (3:1) this is Malachi foretelling the coming of the Lord. He comes to
purify the people (2-3). Gods people will be faithful after his coming, for He brings
judgment with Him (4-6).
He calls the people to repentance, for they have not been faithful. They have robbed the
Lord. (8-12), they have counted the service of God to be a burden rather than a blessing
(13-15). There appear to have been some that responded to Malachis preaching (16-18).
Again, the day of the LORD is promised (4:1-3). The people are warned to remember and
keep the Law (4:4). Before the day of the LORD, Elijah must come first. That was John
the Baptist (Mt 17:1-13; Mk 9:2-13; Lk 9:28-36).
Elijah to come would ...turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the hearts of the
children to their faithers... (6). So, John the Baptist did (Lk 1:17).
-112-
Years of Silence
Amos 8:11-12
Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord GOD, That I will
send a famine on the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for
water, but of hearing the words of the LORD. They shall wander
from sea to sea, and from north to east; they shall run to and fro,
seeking the word of the LORD, but shall not find it.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Following the days of Malachi, a period of 400 years

passed in which there was no message from the LORD, as
foretold by the prophet Amos. Since God was not revealing
His word during this time, there is no Biblical record of it.
What we know of this period, at least with
Apocrypha
regard to the Jews, primarily comes from
1. writings or statements of dubious authenticity;
2. capitalized, a: books included in the Septuagint and
the apocryphal books of 1 Maccabees and
Vulgate but excluded from the Jewish and Protestant
2 Maccabees, and the writings of first
canons of the Old Testament b: early Christian writings
century Jewish historian, Flavis Josephus.
not included in the New Testament
During the latter portion of this period,
some events prophesied by Daniel (10-12)
occurred.
CONTRASTING THE JEWS OF THE RETURN WITH THE NEW TESTAMENT JEWS.
JEWS OF THE RETURN
NEW TESTAMENT JEWS
LANGUAGE
In Babylon, the Jews would have

becom e accustom ed to the Aram aic
language, though those who
returned to Judah would have
likewise returned to their native
language, Hebrew.
Greek was the universally spoken

language. Often when Jesus or the
apostles quoted the OT, they quoted
from the Septuagint, a Greek
translation of the Hebrew Scriptures.
Aram aic was still prevalent in Jewish
hom es at the tim e of Christ.
ATTITUDE TOWARD
THE LAW
Recall, Ezra, Nehem iah and Malachi

were all com batting neglect of Gods
laws am ong the Jews. Am ong the
laws ignored by these returning
Jews was the Sabbath.
In New Testam ent days, the Jews

were strict about the Law, so m uch
so, that som e sought to put Jesus to
death for violating the Sabbath,
because He healed people on that
day.
THE LAND
Only a sm all region around the city

of Jerusalem , in the area form erly
known as Judah was populated by
the Jews.
The Jews dwelt in a large area

called Judea surrounding the city of
Jerusalem , as well as in the north, in
the region of Galilee.
NEIGHBOURS
The Jews had bitter enem ies to the

north, led by Sanballat, Tobiah and
Geshem . These sought to end the
rebuilding which took place.
Hatred still existed between the

Jews and their neighbours (the
Sam aritans) to the north, but there
was no threat of violence as before.
-113-
FOUR CULTURES DURING THE YEARS OF SILENCE
There are four cultures which should attract our attention during the
years of silence. Aside from the Jewish nation, who continued to be
Gods people through this time, we must follow the Persians, for they
were in power when the time of the LORDs silence began. They
would continue to be the prominent empire for the next 100 years.
The Greeks, though inconsequential at the close of the Old
Testament record, would become the next great world power (Daniel
2; 8:20-21), led by Alexander the Great. The Roman empire, also
spoken of by Daniel (Daniel 2; 7), would come in the latter days of
the silence, and would continue as the world power when the LORDs
word again would come.
The Persian Empire
At the end of our study on the return of the Jews, Artaxerxes was king in Persia. The
conflict which began between his father (Xerxes) and the Greeks continued in his reign.
His son (Xerxes, named after his father) took the throne after him, but only reigned 45
days before being assassinated by his half-brother, Sogdianus. He too only reigned a short
time (6 months) before he was assassinated by another half-brother, Darius II.
It was during the time of Daruis II (424-405 BC), that the great philosophers of the Greeks
began to come: Socrates (470-399 BC), Plato (428-348 BC), and Aristotle (384-322 BC).
Darius II was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes Mnemon. The latter portion of his name,
given to him by the Greeks, apparently because of his wonderful memory. He was
attacked by his brother Cyrus, who had amassed a large army of both Greeks and
Persians. Though Artaxerxes was wounded in the
battle, Cyrus himself died in his attempt. Perhaps the
KINGS OF PERSIA
most significant result of the battle between Cyrus
Cyrus (559-530 BC)
and Artaxerxes was that the Greeks became aware
Cam byses (530-522 BC)
Darius I (521-486 BC)
of the inferior state of the Persian army.
Xerxes I (486-465 BC)
After the death of Artaxerxes, his son (also names

Artaxerxes (465-425 BC)
Artaxerxes) took the throne. He was successful in
Xerxes II (425 BC)
military defeats of Phoenicia, Tyre and Egypt. He
Sogdianus (425 BC)
would eventually be poisoned by Bagoas, a general
Darius II (424-405 BC)
Artaxerxes Mnem on (405-359 BC)
in the Persian army, who would make his own son,
Artaxerxes Ochus (359-338 BC)
Arses, king. He thereafter killed his son, and raised
Arses (338-336 BC)
Darius III to the throne. Darius III would be the last
Darius III (336-331 BC)
king of Persia.
The Greek Empire
About the same time that Darius III became

king in Persia, Alexander the Great became
KINGS OF GREECE
king over a coalition of Greek city states who
Philip of Macedon (340-336 BC)
sought to overthrow the Persians. The
Alexander the Great (336-323 BC)
Greeks, led by Alexander were a formidable
Perdiccas (323-321 BC)
Antipater (321-318 BC)
force. They gained victory after victory as
Cassander (318-??? BC)
they marched through the regions under
Ptolem y, Seleucus, & Antiochus (301-??? BC)
Persian control. They were a well trained
various kings subsequent to these three
battle machine. The huge volunteer army of
the Persians proved to be no match for the
Greeks. As the two nations battled at Issus,
-114-
Darius III turned back in fear, abandoning his nation,

Am ong the am azing features of the
his men and his family. A great slaughter resulted
Greeks led by Alexander was their
among the Persian forces. Alexander treated the
ability to m arch quickly and often
family of Darius with great respect, providing an
outdistance m essengers who would
have warned enem y forces.
education for his children, and giving the wife of
Darius a royal burial, after she died in childbirth.
Alexander continued his assault to Tyre. The old city
was on the shore of the Mediterranean, but a new city had been built mile offshore. This
island city was the headquarters of the Persian fleet. He did not have a navy to compete
with that of the Persians, so he decided to build a bridge to the island, using the debris of
the old city. Seven months later, the city fell. Note, Nebuchadnezzar had besieged the city
of Tyre for 15 years, but had failed to conquer it.
As Alexander moved southward, most cities bowed to his rule. Those who did not were
overcome with force. He went through Judah, and on to Egypt, where he was received with
open arms, even considered a deliverer from the oppression of the Persians. A city was
built in Egypt bearing his name, the city of Alexandria.
Alexander turned his attention northward, for Darius, king of Persia was still alive. In
northern Mesopotamia, he engaged Darius and his men again. Alexander was severely
outnumbered, but again, a frightened Darius fled the battle, and his men lost. Darius would
eventually be killed by his own men. Alexander gave Darius a royal burial.
Alexander, and many in his family, were suspicious of
Alexander went so far as India in his
those who were close to them. He killed his body
conquest, but his m en refused to go
guard, who had served him since he was a boy. He
further. Having returned to Babylon,
commanded one of the commanders of his army to
he was given to alcohol. At just the
age of 32, he would die from a fever.
be put to death, as well as the mans father, who
served as a chief of staff under Alexanders father.
Alexander was survived by his mother (Olympias), a
half-brother (Philip), his wife (Roxana) and an unborn son (Alexander). A close comrade
of Alexanders (Perdiccas) was placed in charge of protecting young Alexanders empire.
Two years later, he was assassinated, and Antipater (regent of Macedonia & Greece) took
his place as guardian over the heir. He too was assassinated, and his son (Cassander)
took the charge. Olympias arranged the deaths of Philip and his wife Eurydice, then she
herself was drowned by Cassander, along with Roxana and young Alexander.
With any who had a legitimate claim to the throne gone, a dog
NOTE In this division of
fight ensued between the Greek generals. Eventually 3 leaders
the territory conquered by
emerged: Ptolemy, who ruled in Egypt; Seleucus who ruled
Alexander, we see the
fulfilm ent of Daniel 8:21-22.
East of the Mediterranean; and Antoichus, north of the
Mediterranean, though Greece was a semi-independent
kingdom.
Ptolemy exercised control over Judah through his reign, but as soon as he and Seleucus
were dead, their successors fought for Judea. Eventually, about 200 BC, control over
Judea would shift from Egypt (remember, this is a Greek empire, not the Egypt of Old
Testament times) to Syria (the Seleucid empire), under the reign of Antiochus III.
Meanwhile, since weve not focussed on the folks in Judah for a while in our notes, let us
take a moment to do so. When they returned to the land, there were few and they were
quite poor. Through the latter portion of the Persian empire, and into the Greek empire,
the people of Judah prospered. When the New Testament time begins, they were thriving,
though not independent. During the time of the Greeks, the Jews were spreading out
-115-
beyond Judea, and dwelling in many parts of the empire, adopting both the language and
customs of the Greeks. However, they did not adopt their religion. They continued to
worship God.
About 280 BC, Ptolemy II commissioned scholars to translate the Hebrew Scriptures into
the Greek language. The result is what is known as the Septuagint. With this translation,
the Jews could easily read their Scriptures in a language they were comfortable with
(doubtless, as they were influenced by the Greek culture, their use and ability in Hebrew
faded), and for the first time, the Word of God was available to the Gentiles, in a language
which they could understand. Thus, as we enter the New Testament era, we find many
proselytes (Gentile converts to Judaism).
The Roman Empire
Rome began its rise to power in the late part of the 3rd century BC, becoming the ruling
nation of the western Mediterranean Sea. When Rome turned their attention to the armies
of Syria (remember, this is a Greek empire), they were easily victorious. The Romans
imposed a large tax upon the Syrian empire. To guarantee payment, the Romans took
Antiochus Epiphanes (son of Antiochus) as hostage. He was late swapped for his brother
Demetrius.
After the death of Antiochus (he died while attempting to raid a temple at Susiana to gain
money to pay his debt to Rome), a conflict arose for the crown, which was eventually won
by Antiochus Epiphanes. He reigned over a kingdom that was dissolving around him; the
Romans in the West, and the Parthians (who took Persia and Mesopotamia away from the
Seleucid kingdom) in the East. He sought money to pay the Romans and to wage war from
any place he could find it. Men at this time (mid-2nd century BC) were buying the position
of High Priest from Epiphanes. One man in particular, Menelaus, permitted him to enter
the temple and take the money from the treasury, and strip the costly items of the temple.
The Jews rebelled against Menelaus and Epiphanes, and much bloodshed resulted.
Epiphanes struck hard against the Jews (see Daniel 8:21-26):
building a fortress for himself in
suspending all temple rituals;
the temple area;
burning the sacred scriptures;
forbidding observance of the
erecting an altar to Zeus on top the altar of
Sabbath or festival days;
burnt offering and forcing the people of the
forbidding circumcision;
land to offer incense to Zeus.
Through these actions, Epiphanes provoked a great rebellion by the Jews. Any who would
not submit and give honour to Zeus were publicly whipped and killed. Eventually, through
Judas Maccabaeus (his name meaning hammer), the Jews fought a guerrilla type
warfare against the Syrians armies, and time after time, defeated them. After the death
of Antiochus Epiphanes, Judas and his men regained control of Jerusalem and the temple.
They removed the altar to Zeus, and cleansed the temple.
The Maccabees did not stop at the regaining of the temple.

They desired political independence. Judas would eventually die
in battle, but the ambition of the Maccabees would continue.
The regaining of the
tem ple
by
Judas
Eventually, Demetrius, who took the throne after the death of
Maccabaeus and his
Epiphanes granted Judea independence from the Seleucid rule.
m en is still celebrated by
Note, through this whole time, the Romans were sitting quietly
the Jews today, in the
in the West, watching in anticipation of each weakening blow to
feast of Hanukkah.
the Greek empire. Egypt was already an ally of Rome, and as
the Maccabees consistently fought and won against the Syrian
rule, the Romans could envision world domination.
-116-
SECTS OF THE JEWS
Several sects of the Jews began in the 2nd century BC. Here they are briefly:
The Hasidim
These were known as the Pious Ones. They were a deeply spiritually-minded people, who
supported the work of the Maccabees, until the temple was regained. They were not
concerned about political freedom as the Maccabees, just religious freedom.
These were responsible for many of the ritualistic customs we find in the Gospels (ie.
ceremonial washing, ritualistic prayer and fasting, oral traditions on keeping Gods law).
The Pharisees
These rose out of the Hasidim. They held to the rituals established by the Hasidim, and
likewise were very strict when it came to the law of God.
What seems to distinguish them from the Hasidim is that they continued to support the
Maccabean effort for political freedom. However, their support ceased during the days of
John Hyrcanus (134-104 BC), when a dispute arose over his claim to be priest.
The Sadducees
These seem to have began about the same time as the Pharisees. There were a group
more politically minded than religious, though they certainly mixed the two.
When the Maccabean revolt first began, they did not participate. It was their position that
acceptance of the Greek ways was best for their political welfare.
The Essenes
These were completely opposed to the Greeks. They withdrew themselves from society,
living in communal groups.
It is believed that these are responsible for the collection of what has now become known
as the Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered in 1947.
The Zealots
One
of
Jesus
These came after the groups already mentioned, likely after the
disciples was a Zealot
Romans had taken control of Judea. They were zealous to
(Sim on Zelotes).
establish an independent Jewish state, so that they might see the
kingdom which God promised in His word.
Eventually, this extreme political movement would become a group of terrorists. In the first
century AD, they would be responsible for countless riots, and would act without scruples
in their attempt to achieve political independence. Their ruthless actions played a role in
the fall of Jerusalem in 70 AD.
The Sanhedrin
The Sanhedrin basically served as the Jewish court. The leader of the Sanhedrin was
usually the high priest. The remainder of the members were made up of the sects above
mentioned, primarily the Pharisees and Sadducees.
By the time we get to New Testament times, the Sanhedrin is placed under the rule of the
Romans. They were still permitted to govern local affairs, but could not rule contrary to the
Roman injunctions.
-117-
ROMANS BEGIN TO REIGN OVER JUDEA
Rome took control of all Asia Minor, and Pompey, a Roman general, was granted authority
to conquer all the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. The Romans were never able to
defeat the Parthians (who had taken Persia and Mesopotamia in the late part of the 2nd
century BC), but considered it vitally important to control Judea, as a buffer zone between
themselves and the Parthians. When he came to Jerusalem, he went into the temple,
which was an action of sacrilege.
Internal strife occurred in the Roman leadership. Julius Caesar, who was leading his
forces in the west, came up against Pompey, and defeated him in battle. Pompey fled to
Egypt, where he was slain. Caesar brought Egypt into subjection to himself (Cleopatra,
of the house of Ptolemy ruled in Egypt).
Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, by Brutus, a trusted friend. Octavian (Caesars
nephew) and Mark Antony defeated those who conspired against Julius Caesar. Octavian
and Antony divided the Roman empire between themselves. It was Mark Antony who
appointed Herod as ruler in Judea (37-4 BC). Herod won favour with the Jews, as he
secured religious freedom for them, to worship in accordance with the law of Moses.
Eventually, strife arose between Mark Antony and Octavian. They warred against each
other, and Antony was defeated (31 BC). Both Antony and Cleopatra (whom Antony was
enamoured with) were put to death. After this, the Roman Senate gave Octavian the title
Augustus. This is the name which he is referred to with in the New Testament (Luke 2:1).
-118-
Introduction to the Life of Christ
Why are there four gospels?

C Each writer gives a different perspective of Christ.
C Each writer penned words which would benefit his own
particular audience.
C In reading all four gospels, we are able to get a more
complete picture of the Christ, His work and teaching.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW
Perspective of Jesus the Messiah.
Matthew wrote to a Jewish audience, as can be seen by

his great effort to establish Jesus as the Messiah. Thirteen
times in the book, he speaks of the fulfilment of various
prophecies regarding Jesus.
Key items in Matthews gospel:

C the genealogy begins at Abraham and from David, follows through the royal lineage,
demonstrating Jesus right as heir to the throne of David;
C the sermon on the mount: Jesus preview to the New Covenant;
C the kingdom parables: revealing the nature of the kingdom Jesus would establish;
C Gods ultimatum to the Jews: accept Jesus as Messiah, or await Him as your Judge!
THE GOSPEL OF MARK
Perspective of Jesus the Servant of the Lord; Conqueror.
Mark wrote to a Roman audience. They were not interested in the fulfilment of prophecy
(as the Jews) or philosophy (as the Greeks), but with action. Mark chronicles work after
work of the Lord, showing Him to be a labourer for God.
Key items in Marks gospel:

C the emphasis on Jesus works/miracles. Mark can easily be summed up in these
words:
For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His
life a ransom for many. (Mk 10:45)
C Mark pictures Jesus as a victor, a faithful servant, a diligent worker, a supreme orator
and a skilled debater.
THE GOSPEL OF LUKE
Perspective of Jesus the Son of Man, divinity in the flesh.
Luke wrote to a Greek audience. The Greek concept of gods was that they had little or
no interaction or concern for men. The writers presentation of Jesus is that of God who
has fully taken humanity upon Himself.
Key items in Lukes gospel:

C the genealogy begins with Adam, the first man;
C Luke provided details of the birth, infancy and adolescence of Jesus. None of the other
writers supply this type of material. He demonstrates the humanity of Christ in a variety
of attributes (eating, rejoicing, weeping, praying, etc.);
C Divine compassion is manifest in both the company Jesus keeps and in the parables
which He taught.
-119-
THE GOSPEL OF JOHN
Perspective of Jesus God come in the flesh, the great I AM.
John wrote to all mankind. He supplies an excellent introduction to the person of Jesus,
both in His Godhood and His humanity.
Key items in Johns gospel:

C from start to finish (1:1; 20:28), the gospel declares the deity of Christ;
C the express purpose of this book is to develop faith (20:30-31);
C John spends more time in the last week, and specifically the last day of Christs life (Jn
13-19) than any other writer.
OUTLINING THE LIFE OF CHRIST
The life of Christ divides into 7 distinct periods:

C the years of preparation;
C the Early ministry;
C the Galilean ministry
C the Retirement ministry;
C the Perean ministry;
C the Final week;
C the Post resurrection
-120-
Years of Preparation
BIRTH OF JOHN
Recall the Old Testament ended with God speaking about

the messenger who would come in preparation for the Lord
(Mal 3:1), also called Elijah (4:5). This is where the story of
the Bible continues in the New Testament.
Gabriel announces the birth of a son to Zacharias and

Elizabeth (Lk 1:5-25). Shortly thereafter, Gabriel appears
to Mary, announcing to her the birth of a son (Lk 1:26-38).
Notice what Gabriel revealed to Zacharias about his son:
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
And he will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God.
He will also go before Him in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn
the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the
wisdom of the just, to make ready a people prepared for the Lord. (Lk 1:16-17)
After the birth of John, Zacharias prophesied,

And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Highest; for you will go before the face
of the Lord to prepare His ways, to give knowledge of salvation to His people by the
remission of their sins, through the tender mercy of our God, with which the Dayspring from
on high has visited us; to give light to those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death,
to guide our feet into the way of peace. (Lk 1:76-79)
BIRTH OF JESUS
Two names are given to the Child in Matthew 1:
Jesus Jehovah saves
It is revealed to Joseph that Mary is carrying a child

Immanuel God with us
which was conceived of the Holy Spirit (Mt 1:18-25).
Though they lived in Nazareth of Galilee, Jesus is

born in Bethlehem of Judea (Mt 2:1; Lk 2:1-7), just
as was foretold by the prophet (Mic 5:2). He is visited by the shepherds (Lk 2:8-20),
circumcised and named the 8th day (Lk 2:21), and presented at the temple after Marys
days of purification (Lk 2:22-38). After this, they returned to Nazareth (Lk 2:39).
Wise men came from the East to visit Jesus (Mt 2:1-12). They did
Herod sought to destroy
not find Him in Jerusalem, or in Bethlehem, but followed the star
the Child who was sought
by the wise men. Herod
northward to Nazareth. Warned by the Lord not to return to
perceived that He posed a
Jerusalem, they departed another way.
threat to his rule. He
commanded that all males
Warned of the Lord that Herod sought to kill the Child, Joseph took
in the region be killed, age
his family into Egypt. They returned from there after the death of
2 years and under.
Herod and again settles in Nazareth of Galilee (Mt 2:13-23).
Very little is revealed about Jesus growing up. We have a single

event in his adolescence years, at the age of 12 (Lk 2:41-51). Then, we are told,
And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men. (Lk 2:52)
JOHNS MINISTRY BEGINS
Isaiah had prophesied about,

The voice of one crying in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the LORD;
make straight in the desert a highway for our God. (Isa 40:3)
Isaiahs prophecy is applied to

John in Matthew 3:3; Mark
1:3; Luke 3:4; and John 1:23.
He preached a baptism of repentance for the remission of sins,

and the kingdom of God. He prepared the people for the LORD (Isa 40:3; Mal 3:1-2).
Jesus would eventually come to John and be baptized by him, which would signify the
beginning of the Lords ministry, and the winding down of Johns.
-121-
The Early Ministry
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
BAPTIZED AND TEMPTED
At about the age of 30, it was time for the ministry of our
Lord to begin. However, before He began to preach and
teach, two events would take place.
1) Jesus would be baptized by John;
2) Jesus would be tempted in the wilderness.
Jesus came to be baptized by John (Mt 3:13-17; Mk 1:911; Lk 3:21-22; Jn 1:32-34). John knew who Jesus was
(Jn 1:31), and wondered at Him coming to be baptized (Mt
3:14). However, Jesus told John to permit it, that all
righteousness might be fulfilled (v 15).
Following Jesus baptism, the Father in heaven declared

concerning Him, This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. (Mt 3:17)
After His baptism, Jesus went into the

TEM PTATIONS
wilderness, where He fasted for a period
For all that is in the world (1) the lust of the flesh,
of 40 days. At the end of this time, Satan
(2) the lust of the eyes, and (3) the pride of life is
not of the Father but is of the world. (1 Jn 2:16)
tempted Him. The temptation of Christ was
threefold, and demonstrates the three
So when the woman say that the tree was (1)
ways that Satan will tempt all humans.
good for food, (2) that it was pleasant to the eyes,
and a tree (3) desirable to make one wise, she took
Jesus overcame temptation, because He

of its fruit and ate. She also gave to her husband
turned to Gods word (It is written...). We
with her, and he ate. (Gen 3:6)
too will overcome temptation if we will turn
to the way of escape which God has given,
His word (1 Cor 10:13).
Therefore, in all things He had to be made like His brethren, that He might be a merciful and faithful High
Priest in things pertaining to God, to make propitiation for the sins of the people. For in that He Himself has
suffered, being tempted, He is able to aid those who are tempted. (Heb 2:17-18)
For we do not have a High Priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but was in all points tempted
as we are, yet without sin. (Heb 4:15)
JOHN BEARS WITNESS TO JESUS
Seeing Jesus, John remarked to his disciples, Behold! The Lamb of God who takes away
the sin of the world! (Jn 1:29). Having baptized Jesus, and seen the Spirit of God
descend upon Him, John was able to now testify, I have seen and testified that this is the
Son of God. (Jn 1:34). Again, the next day, John bore witness to Jesus (Jn 1:35-36), and
so His disciples followed Jesus.
FIRST CONTACT WITH DISCIPLES
After spending the day with Jesus, Andrew found his

brother Peter, and declared, We have found the
Messiah. (Jn 1:41), and thus brought him to Jesus.
The following day, Jesus called for Philip to follow

Him. Philip then brought Nathanael to Jesus. He
quickly came to faith in Jesus, and followed Him.
-122-
...Come and See...

Jesus invited Johns disciples to come and see;
Andrew invited Peter to come and see;
Jesus invited Philip to come and see;
Philip invited Nathanael to come and see.
JESUS FIRST MIRACLE
Invited to a wedding in Cana of Galilee, Jesus went with

His mother and disciples.
Mary compelled Jesus to perform a miracle, telling Him

that the wine had run out. He made water into wine.
This beginning of signs Jesus did

in Cana of Galilee, and manifested
His glory; and His disciples
believed in Him. (Jn 2:11)
JESUS CLEANSES THE TEMPLE

Take these things away! Do not make My Fathers
After the miracle at Cana, Jesus went to

house a house of merchandise! (Jn 2:16)
Jerusalem for the Passover. While at
Jerusalem, He made a whip of cords, and
drove out the oxen, sheep, doves and moneychangers from the temple.
The Jews challenged Him, What sign do You show to us, since You do these things?
They sought for Him to prove His authority. The sign: His death, burial and resurrection.
By the end of the Passover, many believed in Jesus.

AN ENCOUNTER WITH NICODEMUS
Nicodemus was a leader of the Jews. He came to Jesus by

night, to inquire of Him.
Jesus focussed on what man needed to do, if he is to have a

dwelling place in the kingdom of God.
Nicodemus did not understand. Jesus indicates that what He

had spoken was earthly, and if the teacher of Israel did not
understand the earthly, how could he believe the heavenly?
As Jesus conversed with Nicodemus, He spoke what has

become perhaps the best known Bible text:
...unless one is born again, he

cannot see the kingdom of
God. (3:3)
...unless one is born of water
and the Spirit, he cannot enter
the kingdom of God. (3:5)
Are you the teacher of Israel,
and do not know these
things? (3:10)
For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever
believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. (Jn 3:16)
JESUS WORK IN JUDEA
Jesus worked in Judea for a time, baptizing

He must increase, but I must decrease. (Jn 3:30)
disciples (Jn 3:22; 4:2). Some came to
John, expressing concern that Jesus was
increasing in popularity and discipleship. John indicated that such was the plan of God.
After John bore witness again to Jesus, he was put in prison by Herod (Mt 14:1-5; Lk
3:19-20). When Jesus heard that John had been put in prison, He departed Judea for
Galilee (Mt 4:12; Mk 1:14; Lk 4:14; Jn 4:1-4).
THROUGH SAMARIA AND INTO GALILEE
On His way to Galilee, Jesus went through Samaria. He stopped at the well which was
outside the city of Sychar. Here, Jesus turned a commonplace conversation (though there
was nothing commonplace about the participants) into an opportunity to preach to an
entire city.
After spending 2 days with the Samaritans at Sychar, Jesus arrived in Galilee. Upon His
arrival there, He began to teach in their synagogues. The weight of His message, Repent,
for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. (Mt 4:17)
-123-
The Galilean Ministry
A large portion of the Lords ministry which is recorded in

Scripture comes from His Galilean ministry. It would take
several months to view with detail the events which take
place. Since our aim in this study is to see the story of the
Bible in overview fashion, we will simply make mention of
some things which took place, and focus on only a few.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Fishers of Men
Peter and Andrew, and quite possibly James and John,

already knew Jesus, but it appears that they had not yet
committed to following Him. While teaching at the Sea of
Galilee, the Lord called these to follow Him (Mt 4:18-22;
Mk 1:16-20; Lk 5:1-11).
Healings Among the People
In the early part of Jesus ministry in the region of Galilee, He performed a number of
miracles. Among them:
healing of the Noblemans son (Jn 4:46-54);
healing of a demonic at the synagogue on the Sabbath (Mk 1:21-28; Lk 4:31-37);
healing of Peters mother-in-law (Mt 8:14-17; Mk 1:29-34; Lk 4:38-41);
healing many as He toured the region preaching (Mt 4:23-25; Mk 1:35-39; Lk 4:42-44);
healing of a leper (Mt 8:2-4; Mk 1:40-45; Lk 5:12-16);
healing of a paralytic in Capernaum (Mt 9:2-8; Mk 2:1-12; Lk 5:17-26)
Matthew Called as a Disciple
Jesus came to Matthew at his tax office, and called him to follow Him. Matthew thereafter
hosted a feast in his home in honour of Jesus (Mt 9:9-13; Mk 2:13-17; Lk 5:27-32).
Conflicts About the Sabbath
And He said to them, The Sabbath was
One of the consistent accusations brought against

made for man, and not man for the
Jesus by the Jews was that He misused the
Sabbath. Therefore the Son of Man is
also Lord of the Sabbath. (M k 2:27-28)
Sabbath day:
He healed a lame man at the Sheep Gate in
Jerusalem on the Sabbath (Jn 5:1-47);
His disciples plucked grain on the Sabbath (Mt 12:1-8; Mk 2:23-28; Lk 6:1-5);
He healed a man with withered hand on the Sabbath (Mt 12:9-14; Mk 3:1-6; Lk 6:6-11)
Selecting the Twelve
After returning from the feast at Jerusalem, having taught a great multitude (Mt 12:15-21;
Mk 3:7-12), Jesus spent the night in prayer, and the next day, selected the twelve apostles
(Mk 3:13-19; Lk 6:12-16).
Sermon on the Mount
Matthew 5-7 records what is usually called the sermon on the mount. We might otherwise
refer to it as the gospel in preview, as Jesus gives a preview of His kingdom there. He
reveals the character of those will come to Him, and the morality and holiness which
governs His people.
-124-
Jesus Teaches in Parables
During the Galilean ministry, Jesus spoke several parables. Among them, we have:
parable of the sower (Mt 13:3-23; Mk 4:3-25; Lk 8:5-18);
parable of the growing seed (Mk 4:26-29);
parable of the tares (Mt 13:24-30, 36-43);
parable of the mustard seed (Mt 13:31-32; Mk 4:30-32);
parable of the leaven (Mt 13:33-35; Mk 4:33-34);
parable of the hidden treasure (Mt 13:44);
parable of the pearl of great price (Mt 13:45-46);
parable of the dragnet (Mt 13:47-52)
Jesus, Lord Over Things Physical And Spiritual
We see in the Galilean period that Jesus is the Lord over His creation.
on the Sea with His disciples, He stills the waters (Mt 8:23-27; Mk 4:35-41; Lk 8:22-25);
He destroyed demons in a herd of swine (Mt 8:28-34; Mk 5:1-20; Lk 8:26-39);
He raised Jarius daughter from the dead and healed the woman with an issue of blood
(Mt 9:18-26; Mk 5:21-43; Lk 8:40-56);
He healed 2 blind men and a mute demonic (Mt 9:27-34)
Death Of John The Baptist
This period ends with the death of John the Baptist at the hand of Herod. After Jesus
heard of Johns death, He withdrew from the people, and for the next six months or so, He
sought to speak with His disciples primarily.
-125-
The Retirement Ministry
The period which we are calling a retirement ministry was

not a period in which Jesus no longer preached, but rather,
His attention was upon His disciples. Through this period,
we find the Son of God seeking to separate Himself from
the crowds, that He might speak privately with those who
were close to Him.
There were times of solitude with His followers, but there
were also occasions with huge crowds in the retirement
ministry. We find both the feeding of the 5,000 and the
feeding of the 4,000 in this period.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
The First Retirement
After the death of John the baptizer, and

the return of Jesus disciples from the
limited commission which he had given
them, Jesus sought to be alone with His
disciples (Mt 14:13; Mk 6:32; Lk 9:10; Jn
6:1). However, the multitudes followed
Him. He healed many, taught them, and
approaching the evening, fed them.
Afterward, having sent His disciples away

by boat, Jesus sent away the multitudes,
and then spent time alone (Mt 14:22-23;
Mk 6:45-46). John tells us that the
people were mindful to take Him by force
and make Him king (Jn 6:14-15), thus He
departed from them to the mountain.
He caught up with His disciples by coming

to them upon the water (Mt 14:24-33; Mk
6:47-52; Jn 6:16-21).
Arriving at
Gennesaret (near Capernaum), he was
again received by a multitude of people
(Mt 14:34-36; Mk 6:53-56), and healed
many. However, as this day went on,
many of the disciples of the Lord turned
from Him and followed no more (Jn 6:66).
The Second Retirement
Jesus departed and went to the region of

Tyre and Sidon (Gentile region). We know
little of the time which He spent there,
except that He was met by a woman who had a daughter that was possessed by a demon
(Mt 15:21-28; Mk 7:24-30).
-126-
The Third Retirement

Now Jesus called His disciples to Himself and said,
From the region of Tyre and Sidon, Jesus

I have compassion on the multitude, because they
have now continued with Me three days and have
went to a region called Decapolis, on the East
nothing to eat. And I do not want to send them away
side of the sea of Galilee. He taught the
hungry, lest they faint on the way. (Mt 15:32)
people in this region, and fed the 4,000 (Mt
15:29-38; Mk 7:31-8:9).
From Decapolis, Jesus briefly went to Magdala (or Dalmanutha), where He was confronted
by both the Pharisees and Sadducees (Mt 15:39-16:4; Mk 8:10-12).
The Fourth Retirement
From Magdala, Jesus crossed over to the other side of the sea of Galilee, to Bethsaida
Julias, and then eventually on to Caesarea Philippi. At Bethsaida, Jesus warned His
disciples against the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees (Mt 16:5-12; Mk 8:13-21).
Also, at Bethsaida, He healed a blind man (Mk 8:22-26).
At Caesarea Philippi, Peter confesses Jesus as the Son of God (Mt 16:13-20; Mk 9:27-30;
Lk 9:18-21). There, Jesus foretells His coming death (Mt 16:21-26; Mk 8:31-37; Lk 9:2225), and reveals that His kingdom would come within that generation (Mt 16:27-28; Mk
8:38-9:1; Lk 9:26-27).
Moving Southward
Somewhere in Galilee, though the exact place(s) are uncertain:

Jesus was transfigured, with His closest disciples being present (Mt 17:1-8;
Mk 9:2-8; Lk 9:28-36);
Shortly thereafter, He healed a demonic boy the disciples could not (Mt 17:14-20;
Mk 9:14-29; Lk 9:37-43);
Jesus foretells again His death and resurrection (Mt 17:22-23; Mk 9:30-32; Lk 9:43-45)
At Capernaum, Jesus paid the temple tax (Mt 17:24-27); and settled a dispute which had
arisen among His disciples along the way about who is greatest in the kingdom (Mt 18:114; Mk 9:33-37; Lk 9:46-48). From this, He proceeded into a discourse on how to deal
with a sinning brother (Mt 18:15-35).
Time for the feast of Tabernacles was approaching, and Jesus brother prompted Him to
go show Himself openly (Jn 7:2-9). Instead, Jesus went to the feast privately (Jn 7:10;
Lk 9:51-56).
-127-
The Perean Ministry

The Feast of Tabernacles
While at Jerusalem for the feast of Tabernacles, Jesus

went into the temple and taught the people.
He discussed the Messiah with the people (Jn 7:11-8:1)
An adulteress woman was brought to Him (Jn 8:2-11)
He claimed to be the light of the world (Jn 8:12-20)
He contrasted His father with the Jews father, and
revealed Himself to be I AM (Jn 8:21-59)
He healed a man who was born blind (Jn 9:1-41)
He proclaimed Himself the good shepherd (Jn 10:1-21)
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
From Lukes Gospel
It is uncertain where Jesus spent most of His time when these teachings / events occurred.
However, we know that after He returned from the feast of Dedication (below), He went
into Perea. Was He there after the feast of Tabernacles, we do not know.
Parable of the good Samaritan (Lk 10:25-37);
Jesus visit in the home of Martha of Bethany (Lk 10:38-42);
Jesus teaches His disciples to pray (Lk 11:1-12);
Jesus accused of using the power of Beelzebub to cast out demons (Lk 11:14-36);
Jesus eats in the home of a Pharisee (Lk 11:37-54);
Jesus teaches His disciples (Lk 12:1-13:9)
Warning about the Pharisees and encouragement to faithfulness (1-12)
Parable of the rich fool (13-21)
Dont focus on material goods (22-34)
Parables about servitude (35-48)
Divisions resulting from the Lord and the signs of the times (49-59)
The need to repent and bear fruit (13:1-9)
Jesus heals a crippled woman on the Sabbath (13:10-21);
He makes His way toward Jerusalem, for the feast of Dedication (13:22-35)
Feast of Dedication
Jesus attended the feast of Dedication in Jerusalem. In Solomons porch at the temple,
the question arose whether He was the Christ or not. He had already affirmed this for
them, but again, Jesus declares His deity, saying, I and My Father are one. (Jn 10:30).
As a result, the Jews sought to stone Him.
Beyond the Jordan
Jesus departed Jerusalem, and went beyond the Jordan, into Perea. Many came to Him
there and believed (Jn 10:40-42).
Again, the gospel of Luke chronicles many of the teachings of the Lord during this time:
Jesus eats in the home of a Pharisee, and teaches in their midst (Lk 14:1-24);
The cost of discipleship (Lk 14:25-35);
The parable of the lost sheep / coin / son (Lk 15:1-32);
Parables on stewardship (Lk 16:1-17:10);
Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead (Jn 11:1-44)
-128-
Jesus Last Journey to Jerusalem
The time of Passover was approaching, and so Jesus began His journey to Jerusalem (Lk
17:11). On His way, He:
Heals ten lepers in Samaria (Lk 17:12-19);
Explains the nature of the kingdom and the coming judgment (Lk 17:20-37);
Speaks the parables of the unjust judge and the Pharisee & Publican (Lk 18:1-14);
Teaches on marriage and divorce (Mt 19:1-12; Mk 10:1-12);
Receives little children to Himself (Mt 19:13-15; Mk 10:13-16; Lk 18:15-17);
Teaches the rich young ruler (Mt 19:16-20:16; Mk 10:17-31; Lk 18:18-30);
Foretells his death and resurrection (Mt 20:17-19; Mk 10:32-34);
Arriving at Jericho, He meets blind Bartimaeus (Mt 20:30-34; Mk 10:47-52;
Lk 18:36-43), and Zacchaeus, the tax collector (Lk 19:1-28).
Shortly, the Lord will arrive at Bethany, and the final week will begin.
-129-
The Final Week
The trip from Jericho to Bethany was uphill, from about 840
feet below sea level to 2,500 feet above sea level. It would
take approximately 6 hours to walk the rugged climb from
one location to the other.
Jesus made the trip on Friday, arriving in Bethany
sometime before sundown, when the Sabbath day began.
SIX DAYS BEFORE PASSOVER

Events
Jesus arrived in Bethany
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Friday evening / Saturday

Time of Day
Location
afternoon
Bethany
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
12:1
FIVE DAYS BEFORE PASSOVER
Saturday evening / Sunday
Supper at Simons house
evening
Bethany
26:6-13
14:3-9
Triumphant entry into Jerusalem
morning
Mount of
Olives
21:1-11
11:1-10
Jesus looks around the temple
evening
Jerusalem
11:11
Jesus returns to Bethany
evening
Bethany
11:11
12:2-8
19:29-44
12:12-19
Mark is the only gospel writer that distinguishes between the day of the entry into Jerusalem and the day upon which Jesus
cleansed the temple. Since it was already evening, Jesus returned to Bethany, and would return to the temple the next day.
FOUR DAYS BEFORE PASSOVER

Jesus curses the barren fig tree
morning
Sunday evening / Monday

Mount of
Olives
Jesus cleanses the temple

Certain Greeks ask to see Jesus
21:18-19a
11:11-18
21:12-13
11:15-18
19:45-48
12:20-36
Jerusalem
Jesus rebukes unbelief

Jesus return to Bethany
12:37-50
evening
Bethany
11:19
Luke reveals the Lords schedule in at least the first few days of the last week. Luke 21:37-38 records, And in the daytime
He was teaching in the temple, but at night He went out and stayed on the mountain called Olivet. Then early in the morning
all the people came to Him in the temple to hear Him.
THREE DAYS BEFORE PASSOVER

Disciples see the withered fig tree
morning
Monday evening / Tuesday

Olivet
Jesus authority questioned by leaders

Parable of the two sons
Jerusalem
Parable of the vinedressers
21:19b-22
11:20-26
21:37-38
21:23-27
11:27-33
20:1-8
12:1-12
20:9-19
21:28-32
21:33-46
-130-
THREE DAYS BEFORE PASSOVER

E vent
Tim e of D ay
Monday evening / Tuesday

Location
M atthew
M ark
Luke
Parable of the wedding feast
22:1-14
Pharisees question: paying taxes
22:15-22
12:13-17
20:20-26
22:23-33
12:18-27
20:27-40
22:35-40
12:28-34
Jesus question: Davids Lord
22:41-46
12:35-37
20:41-44
Woe to the scribes and Pharisees
23:1-39
12:38-40
20:45-47
12:41-44
21:1-4
13:1-37
21:5-36
Sadducees question: resurrection

Jerusalem
Scribes question: great commandment
Poor widows mite
evening
Prophecy of destruction of Jerusalem

and the Lords second coming
evening
Parable of the ten virgins
evening
Parable of the talents
evening
Parable of the sheep and goats
evening
24:1-51
Mount of
Olives
John
25:1-13
25:14-30
25:31-46
It appears that Tuesday was the last day on which Jesus entered into the temple to teach. There was no more need for Him
to debate with the Jewish leaders. There is no mention in Scripture of what Jesus did on the Wednesday of His final week.
TWO DAYS BEFORE PASSOVER
Tuesday evening / Wednesday
Sanhedrin plotted to kill Jesus
26:1-5
14:1-2
22:1-2
26:14-16
14:10-11
22:3-6
Jerusalem
Judas agreed to betray Jesus
ONE DAYS BEFORE PASSOVER

Preparation for the Passover
Wednesday evening / Thursday

morning
Jerusalem
26:17-19
PASSOVER
14:12-16
22:7-13
Thursday evening / Friday
Jesus and His disciples assemble for

the Passover feast
evening
Disciples strive over greatness
evening
Jesus washes the disciples feet
evening
Jesus identifies His betrayer
evening
Jesus institutes the Lords Supper
evening
The commandment of love
evening
Jesus predicts Peters denial
evening
Jesus discourse in upper room
evening
Sang hymn and depart upper room
evening
Jesus discourse on way to

Gethsemane
evening
Jesus prayer for His disciples
evening
26:20
14:17
22:14-16
13:1
22:24-30
13:2-17
Jerusalem
26:21-25
14:18-21
22:21-23
26:26-29
14:22-25
22:15-20
13:18-30
13:31-35
26:31-35
14:27-31
22:31-38
13:36-38
14:1-30
26:30
14:26
14:31
15:1-16:33
Kidron
valley
17:1-26
PASSOVER
Thursday evening / Friday
-131-

E vents
Tim e of D ay
Location
M atthew
M ark
Luke
John
Mount of
Olives
26:36-46
14:32-42`
22:39-46
18:1
26:47-56
14:43-52
22:47-53
18:2-12
Jesus prayers in Gethsemane
night
Jesus is betrayed and arrested
night
Jesus is brought before Annas
night
18:13-14
Jesus is brought before Caiaphas
night
18:24
Jesus is condemned and mistreated

by Sanhedrin through the night
night
Peter denies Jesus three times
26:57-68
14:53-65
22:54,
63-65
night
26:58,
69-75
14:54,
66-72
22:54-62
Sanhedrin formally condemn Jesus
morning
27:1
15:1
22:66-71
Judas went out to commit suicide
morning
Jesus appears before Pilate
morning
15:1-5
23:1-7
Jesus appears before Herod
morning
Jesus appears before Pilate again
morning
Jesus scourged and mocked by

Romans
Jerusalem
Field of
Blood
18:15-18,
25-27
27:3-10
27:2,
11-14
18:28-38
23:6-12
27:15-23
15:6-14
morning
27:27-31
15:16-19
Pilate consents to Jesus death
morning
27:22-26
15:12-15
23:20-25
19:4-16
Jesus led away to be crucified
morning
27:31-34
15:20-23
23:26-32
19:16-17
Jesus on the cross: first three hours
morning
27:35-44
15:24-32
23:33-43
19:18-24
Jesus on the cross: last three hours
afternoon
27:45-50
15:33-37
23:44, 46
19:25-30
Miracles accompanying crucifixion
afternoon
27:51-56
15:38-41
23:45,
47-49
evening
27:57-61
15:42-47
23:50-55
Joseph buries the body of Jesus
Jerusalem
Calvary
SABBATH
Jewish leaders secure the tomb
18:39-40
19:1-3
19:31-42
Friday night / Saturday

evening
Jerusalem
/Calvary
27:62-66
Women observe the Sabbath day
23:56
FIRST DAY OF THE WEEK

Women come to the tomb, but Jesus
is risen from the dead
23:13-22
Saturday night / Sunday

before
daylight
Calvary
-132-
28:1-8
16:1-9
24:1-8
20:1
The Post Resurrection
The resurrection of Christ is the monumental occurrence,

both of Scripture and in all of human history. The pages of
the Old Testament awaited it, the teaching of Jesus
revealed it to be nigh, and the words of the New Testament
writers cause us to look back to it in hope.
Herein, we will focus on the resurrection, and the post
resurrection appearance of the Lord.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE RESURRECTION
In 3 of the 4 gospels accounts, the stone at the tomb had

already been taken away. Only Matthew gives detail as to
how such occurred (Mt 28:2). He mentions no details
about the Lord coming forth, but does speak of the fainting soldiers and the angel who sat
upon the stone.
The women came to the tomb very early (Mt 28:1; Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1; Jn 20:1). They
included: Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James; Salome, Joanna, and other women
who are not listed by name (Mk 16:1; Lk 24:10). As they approached, not knowing what
had taken place, they were concerned about how they would roll the stone away.
Having met the angels, and hearing that Jesus had risen, they went to tell His disciples.
Then, Jesus disciples (specifically Peter and John) also ran to the tomb, finding it empty.
APPEARANCES ON THE RESURRECTION DAY
There are five appearances of Jesus recorded in the gospels on the resurrection day.
These appearances include:
Mary Magdalene (Mk 16:9-11; Jn 20:11-18)
Mary returned to the tomb, after Peter and John had come, seen, and left. She wept
outside the tomb. She spoke briefly with the angels who were there, and then saw Jesus
(though she didnt recognize Him at first). After briefly conversing with Him, she went to tell
the disciples that she had seen the Lord.
The Other Women (Mt 28:9-10)
All of you will be made to stumble because of Me this
As the women were headed to tell the

night, for it is written: I will strike the Shepherd, and the
sheep of the flock will be scattered. But after I have
disciples the report from the angels, Jesus
been raised, I will go before you to Galilee.
appeared to them. They fell at His feet,
(Mt 26:31-32)
and worshipped Him. He sent them to
bear a message to His disciples; that He
would meet them in Galilee.
While this is going on, the guards who had been at the tomb reported what had taken
place to the chief priests. Thus, a coverup was born (Mt 28:11-16).
Two Disciples On The Road To Emmaus (Mk 16:12-13; Lk 24:13-32)
Marks account gives very little information about

Why Didnt They Recognize Him?
this appearance. Luke gives a lengthy account of
...appeared in another form... (Mk 16:12)
...their eyes were restrained... (Lk 24:16)
the conversation these disciples had with Jesus,
and them finally realizing that this was Jesus
who had walked and talked with them.
-133-
Simon Peter (Mk 16:13; Lk 24:33-35; 1 Cor 15:5)
The two men above mentioned immediately headed back to Jerusalem from Emmaus.
Finding the apostles (Thomas and apparently Peter being absent), they told of the things
which happened along the road, but the disciples did not believe them.
Prior to revealing their own experience, they told all, The Lord has risen indeed, and has
appeared to Simon!
The Gathered Disciples (Mk 16:14; Lk 24:36-43; Jn 20:19-25; 1 Cor 15:5)
As these men whom Jesus met on the road to Emmaus spoke with the disciples, Jesus
came in their midst. At first, they feared, believing theyd seen a ghost, but Jesus quickly
assures them that it was Him, in the flesh.
He asked if they had any food, and ate in their presence (Lk 24:43). On this night, He also
gave them a measure of the Holy Spirit (Jn 20:22).
As indicated above, Thomas was not present on this occasion, and given the words of the
disciples who came from the Emmaus road, neither was Peter.
APPEARANCES THROUGH THE FOLLOWING 40 DAYS
Below are the recorded appearances through the remainder of Jesus time on earth after
His resurrection. Whether these are all the appearances of the Lord following His
resurrection, or whether there are others, which are not recorded, we do not know.
The Gathered Disciples, A Week Later (Jn 20:26-31)
Thomas, because you have seen Me, you
The disciples told Thomas that theyd seen

have believed. Blessed are those who have
Jesus, but he would not believe.
not seen and yet have believed. (John 20:29)
Eight days later, on the following first day of

the week, Jesus again came in their midst,
this time, Thomas being present. His doubts were addressed.
Because He doubted (and His doubts were answered), we need not doubt.
Seven Disciples At The Sea Of Tiberias (Jn 21:1-25)
This is identified as the third time that Jesus showed Himself to His disciples after being
raised from the dead (Jn 21:14). Those present include: Peter, Thomas, Nathanael,
James, John and two others, who are not named.
The disciples were on the water fishing when Jesus appeared on the shore. When Jesus
commanded that they put the net out on the right side of the boat, and numerous fish were
caught, Peter knew that it was the Lord. Jesus shared breakfast with the disciples.
Afterward, he restored Peter.

Five Hundred Galilean Brethren (1 Cor 15:6)
At the time of Pauls writing to the Corinthians (some 25-30 years after the resurrection),
he indicated that most of these 500 people were still living. This is significant, because one
could actually talk with an individual or group of individuals who had seen the resurrected
Christ. There were numerous witnesses to the resurrection.
Though the text does not specify where these were from, Acts 1 speaks of there being 120
disciples in Judea. It would seem that these 500 were thus Galileans.
James (1 Cor 15:7)
We are not sure which James this is. There are three men named James who are possible
(James the son of Zebedee; James the son of Alphaeus; James the brother of Jesus).
Given the prominence which this last James had in the early church (Gal 1:19; 2:9; Ac
12:17; 15:13; 21:18), it is likely a reference to him, James, the brother of Jesus.
-134-
The Great Commission (Mt 28:16-20; Mk 16:15-18; Lk 24:44-49)
On an appointed mountain in Galilee, Jesus again appeared to the eleven. Below, we see
the commission given in each of the accounts:
M ATTHEW S ACCOUNT:
All authority has been given to
Me in heaven and on earth. Go
therefore and make disciples of
all the nations, baptizing them in
the name of the Father and of the
Son and of the Holy Spirit,
teaching them to observe all
things that I have commanded
you; and lo, I am with you always,
even to the end of the age.
M ARKS ACCOUNT:
Go into all the world and preach
the gospel to every creature. He
who believes and is baptized will
be saved; but he who does not
believe will be condemned. And
these signs will follow those who
believe: in My name they will cast
out demons; they will speak with
new tongues; they will take up
serpents; and if they drink
anything deadly, it will by no
m eans hurt them; they will lay
hands on the sick, and they will
recover.
LUKES 2 ND ACCOUNT (ACTS):

He commanded them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the
Promise of the father, which you have heard from Me; for John truly
baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit not
m any days from now. ...It is not for you to know times or seasons
which the Father has put in His own authority. But you shall receive
power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be
witnesses to Me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to
the end of the earth.
LUKES ACCOUNT:
These are the words which I
spoke to you while I was still with
you, that all things must be
fulfilled which were written in the
Law of Moses and the Prophets
and the Psalms concerning Me.
...Thus it is written, and thus it
was necessary for the Christ to
suffer and to rise from the dead
the third day, and that repentance
and remission of sins should be
preached in His name to all
nations, beginning at Jerusalem.
And you are witnesses of these
things. Behold, I send the
Prom ise of My Father upon you;
but tarry in the city of Jerusalem
until you are endued with power
from on high.
The Ascension (Mk 16:19-20; Lk 24:50-53; Ac 1:9-12)
Though the great commission took place on a mountain in Galilee, the ascension appears
to have taken place near Bethany, in Judea (Lk 24:5). It is quite possible that it was at the
Mount of Olives, a place where Jesus spent much time when in Judea. Recall, He had
commanded them to wait in Jerusalem for the promised Spirit of God. Thus, He
accompanied them most of the way.
He raised His hands, blessing them, and was received into heaven out of their sight.
They went into the city, and there awaited the promise of the Father.
-135-
You Shall Be Witnesses To Me In Jerusalem
The outline for the book of Acts can be found in Acts 1:8.
Jesus said:
...you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has
come upon you; and you shall be witnesses to me in
Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the
end of the earth.
The remainder of the book fits into the outline Jesus gave:
in Jerusalem (1:1-8:3)
in all Judea and Samaria (8:4-12:25)
to the ends of the earth (13:1-28:31)
In the process of our study, we will try to glean as much
from the book as possible, yet maintaining an overview
pace.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
YOU SHALL BE WITNESSES TO ME IN JERUSALEM
Jesus commanded the apostles that they should stay in Jerusalem, and there await the
promise of the Father, which was the outpouring of the Holy Spirit (Lk 24:49; Ac 1:4). The
apostles returned there, having an upper room in which they were staying (v 13-14). Do
not confuse who is in the upper room. It is not the 120 mentioned later in the text, but
rather the apostles, the women, Jesus mother and Jesus brothers. The 120 assembled
at the temple (Lk 24:52-53).
At an assembly of the 120, Peter brought to their

Qualifications to be an apostle:
attention prophecies made about Judas, and the need
- 1 - present from Johns baptism ;
for another to take his place. Two were put forth,
- 2 - followed Jesus earthly m inistry;
- 3 - saw the resurrected Christ.
Joseph and Matthias. Upon casting lots, the lot fell
upon Matthias and he was numbered with the eleven.
The witness at Pentecost (2:5-47)
The day of Pentecost came, and the baptism of the Holy Spirit
It is important for the Bible student
to understand who it was that
which Jesus had promised came. As a result, they began to
received the baptism of the Holy
speak in tongues.
Spirit. Was it the 120 or was it the
12? To determine this, one must
What are tongues? Languages. The Greek glwssa is defined

determine who the pronoun they
as:
is. Notice the antecedent noun:
1) The tongue, a member of the body, an organ of speech;
...numbered with the eleven.
(1:26)
2) The language, or dialect used by a peculiar people,
8 ...they... (2:1) 8
distinct from that of other nations.
8 ...they... (2:2) 8
8 ...they... (2:3) 8
Hearing the apostles were people from all over the known
8 ...they... (2:4) 8
world, including those who dwelt in the land of the Medes and
Those baptized spoke. All who
the Persians, people from the Roman provinces near the
spoke were Galilean (2:7) It was
the apostles who received the
Black Sea, Asia Minor, Africa and Greece, Rome, and Judea.
baptism of the Spirit.
And all heard the apostles speak, in their own language.
-136-
We are then given a discourse made by Peter, the first gospel sermon. In it, the apostle
begins with Jesus of Nazareth, a man, and concludes with Jesus, both Lord and Christ.
Convicted of their sin, the crowd asked the apostles what they should do (Ac 2:37). The
response was given:
Repent, and let everyone of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the
remission of sins, and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. (Ac 2:38)
As a result, ...those who gladly received his words were baptized; and that day about
three thousand souls were added to them. (Ac 2:41)
The witness of Peter and John (3:1-4:31)
Going to the temple at the ninth hour (3 p.m.) for prayer, Peter and John came across a
man who had been lame from his mothers womb, who was laid at the gate. There, he
begged alms from those who were entering the temple. Peter and John did not have any
money to give him, but gave him much more.
Peter commanded the man to get up and walk, and he did (3:6-9). This miracle resulted
in a great opportunity for Peter and John to
speak with the crowd who had assembled
NOTE The Sadducees in particular would
about Jesus of Nazareth. This assembly
despise the m essage of the gospel, for it spoke
of the Lord being resurrected from the dead. The
ended with the apostles being taken into
Sadducees do not believe in the resurrection.
custody by the religious leaders, specifically,
the Sadducees being mentioned.
The next day, the Sanhedrin inquired about

what they had done, and commanded that they not preach in the name of Jesus any
longer. Peter responded, Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you more than
to God, you judge. For we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard.
(4:19-20). Having been set free, they returned to the disciples, and gave glory to God.
The witness of the apostles (4:32-5:42)
God blessed the apostles with great power and signs, so that their testimony of the
resurrected Christ was confirmed among the people. Among those signs, was even the
death of 2 Christians, who had conspired together (5:1-11). Even the shadow of Peter
falling upon someone was used by God to heal the sick (5:15).
Again, the religious leaders rose up against the

apostles, placing them in prison. However, in the night,
So they departed from the presence
of the council, rejoicing that they were
an angel released them, and the next morning, again
counted worthy to suffer sham e for
they were teaching about Jesus in the temple. Taken
His nam e. And daily in the tem ple,
into custody again, they were reminded of the order
and in every house, they did not
given previously to them by the Sanhedrin. Peter again
cease teaching and preaching Jesus
as the Christ. (5:41-42)
responded, We ought to obey God rather than men.
(5:29) The apostles were beaten, and released.
-137-
The witness of Stephen (6:1-8:3)
Stephen was originally

selected as one who
served tables (6:2, 5), but
God very quickly used him
to accomplish much more
than this (6:5, 8-10). He,
like the apostles, was
brought before the council
(6:12), and like our Lord,
was falsely accused (6:11,
13).
Stephen used the occasion to preach to the Jewish leaders. Beginning with the call of
Abraham, he demonstrated how that throughout the history of Israel, there were those who
stood opposed to God and His purpose, and those whom He used to convey His will. They
listened, until he drew application for them. They were just like those who in times past had
opposed the Lord.
Hearing this, they ceased to listen, and took Stephen out of the city and stoned him. It is
at this occasion that we are first introduced to Saul of Tarsus, who would eventually
become the apostle Paul. This Saul caused great trouble in the church (8:3).
Note, it is at this point where the ministry to Jerusalem alone has ended, and the preaching
of the gospel is extended to all Judea and Samaria (1:8; 8:4-5).
-138-
You Shall Be Witnesses To Me

In All Judea And Samaria
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
Following the death of Stephen, persecution came upon

the church in Jerusalem. Saul was a major source of the
persecution, as he caused Christians to be both imprisoned
and executed.
As a result of the persecution, the Christians who were at
Jerusalem departed, and scattered through the regions of
Judea and Samaria. Recall, at this point, the church at
Jerusalem was not only comprised of residents of
Jerusalem, but also folks who had journeyed to Jerusalem
for Pentecost, and remained there after learning the truth.
Now, they were headed home, bearing the gospel with them (8:1, 4).
YOU SHALL BE WITNESSES TO ME IN ALL JUDEA AND SAMARIA

The witness of Philip (8:5-40)
Recall, Philip was one of the men who had been chosen to distribute to the saints who
were in need at Jerusalem. He and the others with him, were selected because they were
...of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom... (6:3) It is no surprise that the
first two listed are almost immediately active in preaching the gospel.
Philip went to the city of Samaria (likely Caesarea

Sorcery Gr. mageuo
is meant), and there preached the gospel with great
to practice magic; from Gr. magos,
meaning magician, wise man, Oriental
success. As with the apostles, God gave Philip
scientist. This word (magos) is used to
miracles which confirmed the word which he spoke.
describe the men who came to see Jesus
after His birth.
The miracles which God accomplished through Philip
are contrasted with the sorcery of Simon. The people
turned from the hocus-pocus trickery of Simon when
they saw the miracles of Philip. Even the sorcerer himself believed and turned to the Lord.
Word came to the apostles, so Peter and John were sent to Samaria, and there imparted
the Spirit to them. NOTE, the miraculous measure of the Spirit was not received through
obedience to the gospel, but by the laying on of the apostles hands (Acts 8:17-19).
After the work in Samaria, Philip was called by God to go to Gaza. There, he met a eunuch
from Ethiopia, the treasurer of the queen of Ethiopia. This man, returning from worship in
Jerusalem was reading from the prophet Isaiah, when Philip came to him. Beginning at the
place where he was, Philip taught Jesus to him. It is noteworthy that in the process of
teaching Jesus to this man, Philip mentioned the need to be baptized (Acts 8:35-36).
After the eunuch, ...the Spirit of the Lord caught Philip away..., and he continued the work
of preaching the gospel in the cities of Samaria, returning to Caesarea.
The witness of Ananias (9:1-19)
Sauls diligence against the Christians prompted him to ask letters from the high priest, that
he might go with authority into Damascus, and arrest any who were of the Way. On his
way, the Lord appeared to him, as a bright light shone from heaven. The Lord commanded
that he go into Damascus, where he would hear what he must do.
In Damascus, the Lord gave two visions: 1) telling Ananias to go to Saul; 2) revealing to
Saul that Ananias was coming to him.
-139-
Here, we are given a glimpse of the future for Saul of Tarsus, as the Lords ...chosen
vessel of Mine to bear My name before Gentiles, kings, and the children of Israel. (9:15)
Ananias went to Saul, restored his sight, and spoke with him. The end result, Saul was
baptized for the forgiveness of sins (Acts 9:18; 22:16).
The witness of Saul (Acts 9:20-31)
Immediately, upon his conversion, Saul began to preach about Jesus. Note, the only way
he could accomplish this, is for the Lord to have directed him by the Spirit in what to say.
Paul had not sat at the feet of a Christian teacher to learn the message which he spoke.
Pauls preaching in Damascus confounded the Jews there, who plotted to put him to death.
The disciples helped him escape, and he went to Jerusalem. There, the disciples would
not receive him at first (remember, he not long before was arresting and killing Christians),
but after Barnabas presented him to the apostles, He was accepted into fellowship.
At Jerusalem, the Jews again plotted against him, and thus, for his safety, he was brought
by the disciples to the costal town of Caesarea, and sent to Tarsus
The witness of Peter (9:32-11:18)
In both Lydda and Joppa, God perform ed m iracles
To this point, the gospel had only been

through Peter, confirm ing the gospel m essage
preached among the Jews. But now, God
preached, resulting in people turning to the Lord.
demonstrates through the household of
Cornelius that the message of salvation in
Christ Jesus is not limited to the Jewish nation, but is unto all nations.
Four miraculous events are employed in order to demonstrate that the

gospel message is for the Gentiles as well as the Jews. Notice:
T h e s e m ir a c le s
confirm ed in the
1) An angel appeared to Cornelius (10:3-7);
m ind of Peter and
2) Peter received a vision from the Lord (10:10-16);
those who were
3) The Spirit spoke to Peter, telling him to go (10:19-20);
with him that God
4) The Spirit fell upon the Gentiles in a miraculous manner (10:44-47)
had ...also granted
Peter, considering the miracles asked, Can anyone forbid water...?

to the Gentiles
repentance to life.
(10:47), and afterward declared, ...who was I that I could withstand
(Acts 11:18)
God? (11:17)
The witness of Barnabas and Saul (11:19-30)
The work of those who had dispersed from

And Joses, who was also named
Jerusalem was blessed by the Lord, and many
Barnabas by the apostles (which is
...believed and turned to the Lord. (11:21).
translated Son of Encouragement), a
Levite of the country of Cyprus, having
When word came to the church at Jerusalem,
land, sold it, and brought the money and
they set Barnabas to them. After a time, he went
laid it at the apostles feet. (Acts 4:36-37)
to Tarsus, and brought Paul back, that they might
work together at Antioch.
Consider the descriptions of the work which was

going on in Antioch:
...the hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number believed and turned to
the Lord. (11:21)
...a great many people were added to the Lord. (11:24)
...they assembled with the church and taught a great many people. (11:26)
-140-
Herod persecutes and dies (12)
In a bid for popularity,

Herod stretched out his
hand against the church,
killing the apostle James
and imprisoning Peter.
The night before Herod
intended to kill Peter, an
angel came and released
him, leading him past the
guard posts. He went to
the house of Mary, where
the disciples were
gathered praying for him.
The people of Tyre and

Sidon had fallen out of
favour with Herod, and
so they came before him
to make peace with the
king. As he stood before the people, it must have been an awesome sight, as the sun
glistened and glimmered off his armour. A chant began among the people, as they were
addressed by Herod, The voice of a god and not of a man! (12:22) Receiving their
blasphemous praise, and taking glory to himself, he was struck by the Lord immediately,
and died, eaten by worms.
-141-
You Shall Be Witnesses To Me

To The Ends Of The Earth
The gospel first went to Jerusalem, then spread out to

Judea and Samaria. At the beginning of Acts 13, we come
to the third and final division of the book of Acts, as the
message of Christ now goes forth to the ends of the earth.
The remainder of the book of Acts records the three
missionary journeys of Paul, and his journey to Rome, as
a prisoner of the Roman authorities.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY

The witness of Paul and Barnabas in Cyprus and Antioch (13:1-13:52)
From the prophets who were at Antioch, the Holy Spirit selected Saul and Barnabas for a
special work, to bear the gospel to regions beyond their area. A helper went along, John
Mark, the cousin of Barnabas (Colossians 4:10).
On the island of Cyprus, they came in contact with a

Note the change in leadership:
socerer (Bar-Jesus, aka Elymas), and the proconsul,
13:2 ...Barnabas and Saul...
Sergius Paulus. The proconsul sought to hear the
13:7 ...Barnabas and Saul...
13:13 ...Paul and his party...
gospel, but the sorcerer opposed them.
13:46 ...Paul and Barnabas...
We should learn in the work of Paul, not to be afraid

13:50 ...Paul and Barnabas...
to call a spade a spade. He identified Elymas as
...full of all deceit and all fraud, you son of the devil,
Rem em ber, Paul is a chosen vessel of
the Lord (9:15).
you enemy of all righteousness... He was not being
rude or disrespectful; he was rebuking one who
made it his mission to stand in the way of truth.
As their journey continued, John Mark turned back. We do not know why, but presumably
it was for a reason that was not satisfactory to Paul, since he refused to take him on the
next journey (15:38).
At Antioch of Pisidia, Paul is given an opportunity to speak in the Jewish Synagogue. In

his message, he recapped the history of the nation Israel. Coming to David, he finds the
opportunity to teach about Jesus (v 23). Quickly, his message comes to the death, burial
and resurrection of Jesus. This is exactly like the pattern of Peters preaching in the first
part of the book of Acts. As the apostle closes his message to these folks in Antioch, he
quotes the prophet Habakkuk. In the primary context, it is in reference to the Chaldean
invasion, but Paul applies it to the rejection of Christ.
As a result of their preaching in the Synagogue that day, the Gentiles begged to hear
more. On the next Sabbath, almost the whole city came together to hear the word of
God... (13:44). However, the Jews opposed the message. Thus, Paul and Barnabas
turned their attention to the Gentiles (13:46). Soon the persecution from the Jews was
such that Paul and Barnabas were expelled from the region.
The witness of Paul and Barnabas at Iconium, Lystra and Derbe (14:1-14:28)
At Iconium, like in Antioch of Pisidia, Paul went into the Synagogue to speak. Several Jews
and Greeks believed. However, those who did not believe stirred up a crowd, and
eventually, an attempt was on Pauls life. He and his companions fled to Lystra.
-142-
At Lystra, after healing a crippled man, the people sought to worship Paul and Barnabas,
believing that they were gods (Hermes, the interpreter of the gods and Zeus, chief of the
gods). It was all they could do to keep the people from making sacrifice to them.
The Jews from Antioch and Iconium caught up with Paul at Lystra, and stirred the people
against him. Paul was taken outside the city, stoned, and left for dead. Afterward, the
disciples gathered around his body, and he was found to be alive. The next day, he left
Lystra headed for Derbe.
Having preached there, Paul and Barnabas
Consider the weight behind Pauls words to
returned through the cities where they had
the brethren, as he stood before them , no
been, encouraging the new Christians in these
doubt still bruised from the stones which had
been cast at him not long before!
locations. Note Pauls message to them, We
must through many tribulations enter the
kingdom of God. (14:22)
As they returned home to Antioch, they passed through Pamphylia, preaching the word
there also. Then, they came to Antioch, where they had begun their mission.
A DISCUSSION IN JERUSALEM (15:1-35)
Upon their return to Antioch, Paul

The false teachers were saying,
and Barnabas were confronted
Unless you are circumcised according to the custom

with a segment of the Jewish
of Moses, you cannot be saved. (15:1)
It is necessary to circumcise them, and to command

converts who were teaching that
them to keep the law of Moses. (15:5)
the Gentiles needed to keep the
The apostles response,
Old Testament to be saved.
...why do you test God by putting a yoke on the neck

They went to Jerusalem, and
of the disciples which neither our fathers nor we were
participated in a discussion with
able to bear? (15:10)
...we have heard that some who went out from us

the apostles and elders who
have troubled you with words, unsettling your souls...
were there.
...to whom we gave no such commandment... (15:24)
The end result of the

conversation in Jerusalem was
that the apostles and elders sent
a letter to be distributed among
the Gentiles, clearly stating that they were not subject to the law of Moses, but simply the
law of Christ. The letter was sent with Paul and Barnabas, and other prominent men from
the church in Jerusalem.
THE SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY
The witness of Paul and Silas in Derbe and Lystra (15:36-16:5)
Again from Antioch, Paul and Barnabas determined to

go forth, to visit with the churches which had formerly
been established, and to preach the gospel message.
Barnabas wanted to take John Mark, but Paul did not.
As a result, they went their separate ways, Barnabas
taking John Mark, and Paul taking Silas.
Paul returned to Derbe and Lystra, the very region

where he had been stoned previously. There, he met
Timothy, and he also went with Paul and Silas.
-143-
WHY WAS TIMOTHY CIRCUMCISED?
Paul had just finished disputing with

those who contended that the Gentiles
needed to be circum cised if they were
to be saved. And now, as he receives
this new worker, he has him
circum cised! W hy? Not because it
was necessary for him to be saved,
but because it was expedient for the
work, to avoid contention with the
Jews of that region.
The witness of Paul and

company in Macedonia
(16:6-17:15)
Paul went to
Phrygia and the
region of Galatia,
and then wanted
to go into Asia,
but the Spirit did
not permit it.
Rather, through
a vision, Paul
was called to
Macedonia. The
book of Acts
records f our
opportunities he
had to teach the
people of Macedonia: a Jewish woman named Lydia (16:11-15), a Philippian jailer (16:2534), the city of Thessalonica (17:1-9), and the city of Berea (17:10-15).
God is able to use even what appears to

The charge was:
be the worst of circumstances in life to
These men, being Jews, exceedingly trouble our city;
and they teach customs which are not lawful for us,
accomplish good. Paul and Silas meeting
being Romans, to receive or observe. (16:20-21)
with the jailer in Philippi happened
The truth of the matter was that Paul had cast out an
because they had been seized by the
evil spirit from a servant girl, and her servants were no
authorities (under false charges), and
longer able to profit from her divining.
committed to prison. Not how Gods
people enduring adversity through faith
and hope can produce opportunities for the gospel.
Rather than complaining about their circumstance, Paul and Silas were praising God at
midnight. The earth quaked, the prison doors were opened, and all the prisoners chains
were loosed; but none departed! The conduct of Paul and Silas affected those who were
around them.
The people of Thessalonica are contrasted with those from Berea. It seems that few
accepted the gospel at Thessalonica, most of the people there not receiving the message
of Christ with an open and ready mind. However, the books of 1 & 2 Thessalonians reveal
to us that there was a faithful core of saints established in the city.
The witness of Paul and company to Achaia (17:16-18:22)
Going southward from the region of Macedonia, Paul entered into Achaia, where he would
preach in two cities that are recorded, Athens and Corinth. The city of Athens was the
philosophical hub of the known world, and people from all over would gather to the
Areopagus, where men shared their philosophies. It was in this manner that Paul was
received by the people of that region. Thus, it is no surprise that there were very few who
believed the message of Christ from Athens.
Noteworthy, however, is the skillful manner in which the apostle shared the message of
God with the Athenians. He did not speak to them on the basis of Old Testament
prophecy, but seeing an altar in their midst to the unknown god, he proceeded to tell
-144-
them of the one whom they worshipped without knowing. Though making no mention of
the Old Testament law or prophets, he did appeal to their own prophets, not inferring that
they were inspired of God, but rather, that they had also spoken of God and our
relationship to Him, saying, For we are also
His offspring. This discourse is a wonderful
TEACHING THOSE WHO DO NOT BELIEVE
demonstration of how to share the gospel
When sharing the gospel with those who have no faith
with those who have no basis of faith in the
at all in the God of heaven (ie. atheists, agnostics,
etc.), the use of Scripture will often avail nothing. They
God of heaven at all.
have no basis upon which to accept the things written
At Corinth, we are introduced to Aquilla and
in the Bible. However, as Paul used reason and
Priscilla. This faithful couple became close
appealed to truths which were generally accepted by
his audience (ie. words spoken by their own prophets),
workers with the apostle. The gospel was
we can also apply reason and generally accepted
not well received among the Jews at
truths to aid the unbeliever to come to faith.
Corinth, and so Paul turned his attention to
the Gentiles. However, of note, is that the
ruler of the synagogue, Crispus ...believed
on the Lord with all his household. (18:8). Eventually, it seems that his replacement
(Sosthenes) also obeyed the gospel (18:17; 1 Corinthians 1:1). Having stayed at Corinth
for a year and a half, Paul departed, headed for Jerusalem, that he might keep the coming
feast there. After the feast, returned back to Antioch, where he had begun his journey.
THE THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY

The witness of Aquila and Priscilla in Ephesus (18:23-28)
Apollos was:
While Paul had gone to Jerusalem and Antioch, a

an eloquent man
man named Apollos came through Ephesus
mighty in the Scriptures
instructed in the way of the Lord
preaching. Though he ...taught accurately the things
fervent in spirit
of the Lord..., he only knew of Johns baptism.
Having heard him speak, Aquila and Priscilla take him

aside and taught him more accurately. Thus, he went
forth from Ephesus into Achaia (where Corinth is), teaching the truth there.
NOTE Apollos, when confronted with the thought that he was in error or incom plete in what
he taught did not take exception to Aquila and Priscillas effort, but was happily corrected.
The witness of Paul in Ephesus (19:1-21:14)

Not every and any baptism is acceptable. These
After Apollos had gone to Corinth, Paul

folks received the wrong baptism , and thus
came through Ephesus. He came across
needed to be baptized correctly. Som e today have
been baptized in error (ie. wrong m ode, wrong
some disciples, but quickly realizes that
purpose, wrong age, etc.).
they had not been taught entirely. They
had been taught by Apollos, and thus
knew only the baptism of John.
Paul baptized them in the name of the Lord

Paul worked wonderful m iracles through the
Jesus, and laid hands on them, so that they
nam e of Jesus. Som e Jewish exorcists
might receive the Spirit. He continued with
decided to try the sam e, but were attacked
by a dem on possessed m an.
these disciples for a long time, teaching them
and those who were in the surrounding regions.
After this lengthy stay in Ephesus, a commotion

began, as the silversmiths stirred up the city against the Christians, and seized two of
Pauls friends, Gaius and Aristarchus. Their primary concern was financial, not religious.
-145-
The riot was brought to a close by the city clerk, who warned the people that their unruly
assembly could bring questions from Rome.
Paul left Ephesus, journeying into Macedonia. After encouraging those of the region, He
set his face toward Jerusalem, setting sail from Philippi to Troas. After meeting with the
Christians there, he proceeded to Miletus, from which he called the Ephesian elders. He
wouldnt again have an opportunity to meet with the brethren at Ephesus, thus, he gave
this goodbye admonition to their elders.
As Paul journeyed toward Jerusalem, he was warned in every place that trouble awaited
him there (20:22-24; 21:4, 11-14). He would not be swayed by the concerns of the
disciples, but determined to go to Jerusalem.
-146-
IMPRISONED AND SHIPPED TO ROME

The witness of Paul before the Jewish council (21:15-23:22)
Arriving at Jerusalem, the Christians asked Paul to

W hat w as Paul accused of?
purified and pay the expenses of four men who had
1. Teaching against the Jewish
taken a vow, so that the Jewish Christians would know
people, the Law and the tem ple;
2.
Taking Greeks into the tem ple.
that Paul did not teach against the Law. He did so, but
as the days of purification came to an end, while
entering the temple, Paul was seized by Jews from
Asia, who laid false accusations against him.
The Jews were intent on killing Paul immediately, but he was saved by the Roman
commander Claudius Lysias, who bound Paul, and commanded him to be taken to the
barracks. Paul sought to speak to the crowd, so Lysias permitted it. He gave his defence
before them namely, his conversion to Christ. They listened intently, until he mentioned
the mission the Lord had given him to the Gentiles. The crowd again was in an uproar, and
Paul was carried away, for his own safety (and to avoid a riot) into the barracks.
The next day, Paul was brought before the Jewish council (note, the previous day, there
were many more than the 70 member Sanhedrin present in the court). The proceeding did
not take long at all. Understanding he would not be granted a fair trial by these, he set
them at odds against one another, since the council was made of both Sadducees and
Pharisees. When dissension arose among them, Lysias again commanded Paul to be
taken into the barracks.
The Jews conspired to kill Paul in an

But the following night the Lord stood by him and
ambush the next day, but their plan was
said, Be of good cheer, Paul, for as you have
found out, and Paul was moved to
testified for Me in Jerusalem, so you m ust also
bear witness at Rome. (23:11)
Caesarea under heavy guard (470 men).
There, he would stand before Felix, the
Roman governor.
The witness of Paul before Felix (24:1-27)
Having avoided the plot against him at Jerusalem, Paul appeared before the Jewish
council at Caesarea, in the governors court. The council came with a hired orator, while
Paul spoke for himself. Among their accusations against Paul, he was called ...a plague,
a creator of dissension among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the
sect of the Nazarenes. The speech of Tertullus was full of charges, but lacked any
evidence.
As Paul made his defence, he first made note of the fact that
P a ul w as g ranted an
hed only arrived in Jerusalem 12 days previous, and that he
opportunity to speak directly
had not come there to dispute with anyone or to incite a
with Felix and Drusilla about
the gospel. He ...reasoned
crowd, but to worship and bring alms to the people of his
about righteousness, selfnation (cf. Ro 15:25). In fact, his true accusers, the Jews
control, and the judgment to
from Asia, were not even present. Recall, the whole trouble
com e..., but Felix in fear
in Jerusalem began by false accusations made against him
answered, Go away for
by the Asian Jews.
now; w hen I have a
convenient time I will call for
Felix, having heard both sides indicated he would hear Lysias

you. The convenient tim e
also, and then make a decision on the case. A decision was
never cam e.
never made by Felix. Rather, he attempt to extort money
from Paul, in exchange for his release.
-147-
The witness of Paul before Festus & Agrippa (25:1-26:32)
The new governor, replacing Felix was Festus. Immediately upon coming into the region,
he went to Jerusalem. The Jews sought to have Paul brought to Jerusalem for trial, but
secretly plotted to ambush him along the road. But Festus affirmed that Paul would be
examined at Ceasarea.
A week and a half later, the Jews came to Caesarea, and Paul was brought before them.
Again, numerous complaints were brought against Paul, but no proof. However, when
Paul defended himself against their charges, Festus asked, Are you willing to go up to
Jerusalem and there be judged before me concerning these things? Had there been
cause to judge Paul guilty, Festus would simply have done so, but in the lack of proof, he
used a threat, favouring the position of the Jews.
Paul appealed to Caesar. A trip back to Jerusalem would doubtless end in death. Though
there was no guarantee of justice at Rome, Paul would be kept alive longer, and recall, it
was foretold by the Lord that Paul would bear witness in Rome also.
Some time later, king Agrippa came to Caesarea, and Festus sought to have him examine
Paul, so that he might have something to write to the emperor regarding him. Chapter 26
chronicles Pauls defence before Agrippa.
Notice the apostles defence:

he identified himself as raised a Jew, according to the sect of the Pharisees;
he stood condemned by the council for the hope which was given in the law;
he formerly conducted himself contrary to Christ, but recounts his conversion;
he had been seized because he was obeying the Lords command to preach
Hearing his defence, Festus spoke up, Paul, you are beside
yourself! Much learning is driving you mad! Festus did not
Having listened to Pauls
understand these things. It was nothing more than religious
defence, Agrippa said,
junk to the governor. However, Agrippa was very much aware
You almost persuade me
to become a Christian.
of the things which Paul spoke of. His family had been involved
from the beginning with Jesus the Christ, and his followers.
One of his ancestors had sought to kill Jesus as an infant.
Another had killed James, the apostle.
Afterward, as Agrippa, Bernice and Festus conversed, Agrippa bluntly stated, This man
is doing nothing deserving of death or chains... This man might have been set free if he
had not appealed to Caesar. Had Festus approached Pauls case with a mind toward
justice, he would have freed him immediately.
The witness of Paul before his fellow travellers (27:1-44)
Pauls journey to Rome would be eventful. Fortunately, from the very beginning, he was
well treated by Julius, the centurion in charge.
On the first part of their journey, they had trouble with winds. They made it to Fair Havens,
a harbour on the south coast of Crete. Having stayed a long while, they afterward prepared
to set said again, but Paul cautioned them that it would be a voyage of disaster.
At first, the south wind blew softly, and they thought it would be a good trip, but quickly,
they were caught in a difficult head wind, eventually needing to simply let the ship be
driven by the wind, lest they break up by fighting against it. For 14 days, they were tossed
in the sea, seeing neither sun nor stars. Neither did any eat, for they had tossed the ships
tackle overboard on the third day, attempting to lighten the ship.
When all had lost hope, Paul spoke, assuring them that God would see them safely
through, but that the ship would be lost. The ran the ship aground on the island of Malta.
-148-
The witness of Paul before the people of Malta (28:1-28:10)
The people of Malta were very kind to the weary travellers, but also showed themselves
a very superstitious people. As they build a fire, Paul helped by laying a bundle of sticks
on the fire, and a viper came out, and bit him. They supposed that though he had escaped
the sea, fate would not permit him to live, because of whatever evil deed he had
committed. But, when Paul simply shook the viper off, they then supposed that he was a
god. Eventually Paul had the opportunity to heal many of their sick, and no doubt, preach
about Jesus.
The witness of Paul before the Jews at Rome (28:11-28:31)
About 3 months later, they set said on a different ship, and eventually came to Rome.
In Rome, Paul called for the leaders of the Jews to come to him. He explained his situation
to them, but they had heard nothing about it. However, they were interested in hearing
from him about this Christians, for they were
spoken against everywhere.
On an appointed day, Paul ...explained and

The Holy Spirit spoke rightly through Isaiah the
prophet to our fathers, saying,
solemnly testified of the kingdom of God,
Go to this people and say: Hearing you will
persuading them concerning Jesus from both
hear, and shall not understand; and seeing you
will see, and not perceive; for the heart of this
the Law of Moses and the Prophets... Some
people have grown dull. Their ears are hard of
were persuaded, some were not.
hearing, and their eyes they have closed, lest
they should see with their eyes and hear with
Paul spent the next two years, preaching and

their ears, lest they should understand with
teaching in Rome from his house, until he was
their hearts and turn, so that I should heal them.
eventually released. There is no further details
record of Pauls life, except a bit which can be
found in his later epistles.
-149-
Letters To Christians
There are 22 letters in the New Testament, penned by 5

different writers. Some of these letters are written to
individual Christians (ie. Philemon, Titus, Timothy), others
to specific churches (ie. Corinth, Ephesus, Colosse), and
some to regions (ie. Galatia, the dispersion). The letters
also have varying purposes, some being individual
correspondence, some instructional material, some
prophetic. The bulk of the New Testament literature came
from the pen of the apostle Paul.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
LETTERS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT

The apostle Paul wrote:
Rom ans
1 Corinthians
2 Corinthians
Galatians
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
1 Tim othy
2 Tim othy
Titus
Philem on
Hebrews
Jam es, the brother of Jesus:
Jam es
The apostle Peter:
1 Peter
2 Peter
The apostle John:
1 John
2 John
3 John
Revelation
Jude, the brother of Jesus:
Jude
** NOTE there is some speculation whether Paul is the writer of the book of Hebrews, or if it is from someone else. I believe there is
adequate evidence to make a good case for Pauls authorship.
SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY LETTERS

Pauls first letter to the Thessalonians
This letter was written in 51 or

BASIC OUTLINE TO 1 THESSALONIANS
52 AD, after Timothy and Silas
G
Com m endation of Thessalonian growth (1:1-10)
came to Paul at Corinth from
G
Pauls work and Thessalonian conversion (2:1-16)
Macedonia (Acts 18:5). He was
G
Present encouragem ent for the Thessalonians (2:17-3:13)
writing back to encourage a
G
Instruction for Christian living (4:1-12)
group of new Christians, who
G
The com ing day of the Lord (4:13-5:11)
G
Closing exhortations (5:12-28)
were in a hostile environment
(Acts 17:5-10).
He commended them for the

example which they became to others (1:7But we, brethren, having been taken away from you
8), as they had turned away from idolatry to
for a short time in presence, not in heart, endeavored
more eagerly to see your face with great desire.
serve the one true God (1:9-10). Paul
Therefore we wanted to come to you even I, Paul,
reaffirmed his love and concern for them,
time and again but Satan hindered us. (2:17-18)
using both the image of a nursing mother
(2:7), and an exhorting father (2:11), as they
suffered through afflictions (2:14-16).
-150-
After leaving Thessalonica, Paul and his companions went to Berea, and then Paul went
on to the city of Athens, leaving Silas and Timothy behind (Acts 17:13-15). Then, Timothy
was sent back to Thessalonica, to encourage the saints (3:1-3). When Timothy rejoined
Paul at Corinth (3:6; Acts 18:5), he brought encouraging news regarding the Christians
at Thessalonica. Paul himself desired to return and see them (3:9-10).
While in Thessalonica, Paul spoke with these new
16 Rejoice always,
converts on how they should live, so as to please
17 Pray without ceasing,
18 In everything give thanks...
God. He reminds them of things which had been said
19 Do not quench the Spirit
(4:1-12). Also, it is evident that while there, he
20 Do not despise prophecies
21 Test all things; hold fast what is good.
spoke to them about the 2nd coming of Christ (4:1322 Abstain from every form of evil.
5:11). The epistle is closed with several short
exhortations and admonitions (5:12-28).
Pauls second letter to the Thessalonians
Like the first epistle, this letter also was

BASIC OUTLINE TO 2 THESSALONIANS
written in either 51 or 52 AD, just a few
G
Encouragem ent in persecutions (1:1-12)
weeks or months later. How the first letter (or
G
The com ing of the day of the Lord (2:1-17)
this one) was sent is not revealed. Some
G
Final exhortations to the church (3:1-18)
have speculated that Timothy bore the first
epistle to them, and revealed to Paul areas
which needed to be addressed; thus, the
immediacy of the second letter.
Again, the Thessalonians are commended for their love and patience while enduring
persecution (1:4-5), and assures them that God will take vengeance upon those who are
contrary to God and His people (1:7-9).
It appears that some had begun to teach falsely

Therefore, brethren, stand fast and hold
regarding the Lords coming; even saying that it had
the traditions which you were taught,
whether by word or our epistle. (2:15)
already happened (2:1-4). Paul corrects this
misinformation.
The apostle affirms his confidence in them, that they

will remain faithful to the Lord, and that their hearts would be established in the will of God
(3:1-5). That this might not be hindered, he gives instruction regarding those who walk
disorderly among them, that they should withdraw from such (3:6, 14-15). Paul and his
companions sought to be an example to the brethren while with them, that they might learn
through them to be diligent workers (3:7-13).
BASIC OUTLINE TO GALATIANS
Pauls letter to the Galatians
G
Paul defends his apostleship (1:1-24)
This letter was probably

G
No justification in the Law (2:1-21)
written sometime between 52G
The just shall live by faith (3:1-29)
54 AD. It is unknown where it
G
Illustrations: slave & son / bond & free (4:1-31)
was written from, though three
G
Freed from the Law to walk in the Spirit (5:1-15)
locations are possible:
G
Christian responsibilities and closing rem arks (6:1-18)
Corinth (end of 2nd journey);
Antioch (before 3rd journey);
Ephesus (shortly after arriving there, Acts 19:8-9)
The churches in the region known as Galatia include: Antioch of Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra,
Derbe, and perhaps others which had been started that are not recorded in Scripture. Paul
had visited this region on his second journey, just after the discussion at Jerusalem on the
-151-
topic of circumcision. From the content of the book, it is evident that the Judaizing teachers
had troubled the region with their falsehoods. Even an example of an incident when Peter
was guilty of making a distinction between Jew and Greek is given (2:11-21);
demonstrating how serious this problem was. The epistle is an effort to lead these folks
away from the falsehoods and back to the truth.
It seems that some of the false teachers had called into question the authenticity of Pauls
apostleship, and thus he begins the letter with a defence of his call as an apostle (1:1-2,
11-2:10). He doesnt dilly-dally about the fact that they had turned from the truth (1:6-10;
3:1-5; 5:1-15; 6:12-15), and need to return. Much attention is given to the distinction of the
Old Covenant given through Moses, and the New which is affected through Christ (3:54:31). Also, a contrast is made between walking according to the Spirit and according to
the flesh (5:16-26).
The book is closed out with instruction on the Christians responsibility to others, especially
those who are Christians (6:1-10).
Pauls first letter to the Corinthians
This letter was written in 57 AD,

BASIC OUTLINE TO 1 CORINTHIANS
shortly before Paul departed from
G
There are divisions in the church (1:1-17)
Ephesus to go to Jerusalem (16:8;
G
Earthly vs heavenly wisdom (1:18-3:23)
Acts 19:21-22). Paul had received a
G
Corinthian pride in sinfulness (4:1-6:20)
report of the troubles in Corinth,
G
Instruction about m arriage (7:1-40)
which prompted the writing of the
G
Instruction about things offered to idols (8:1-13)
G
Seeking to give glory to God (9:1-11:1)
epistle. The letter can be divided into
G
Instruction for the assem bly (11:2-14:40)
two major sections:
(H ead coverings, Lords supper, S piritual gifts)
response to the report of Chloes
G
The resurrected Christ and our hope (15:1-58)
household (1:1-6:20)
G
Greetings and final exhortations (16:1-24)
response to Corinthian questions
(7:1-16:24)
Timothy bore the letter to the Corinthians, and remained there to work with them (4:17).
As Paul defended his apostleship to the Galatians, so he did in this letter, as some had
cast doubt in the mind of brethren (4:1-4; 9:1-6).
The Corinthians had troubles with personal morality, attitudes, and some doctrinal issues.
A few that stand out are:
Sectarianism (1:10-13)
Carnality & haughtiness (3:1-3; 4:8-10)
Sexual immorality (5:1-2)
Suing one another (6:1-8)
Pauls second letter to the Corinthians
This letter was written later in 57

AD, after Paul had left Ephesus,
and was journeying in the region of
Macedonia (Acts 20:1-2; 2:12-13).
It seems that he left Ephesus earlier
than he had originally intended, the
open door (1 Corinthians 16:9)
having closed (Acts 19:23-20:1).
Marital issues (7)

Womens head coverings (11:2-16)
Misuse of the Lords Supper (11:17-34)
Use and duration of spiritual gifts (12:1-14:40)
BASIC OUTLINE TO 2 CORINTHIANS

G
G
G
G
G
G
G
-152-
Gods com fort / Pauls changed plans (1:1-2:11)

The fragrance, glory and light of the gospel (2:12-4:6)
Persecuted, but assured in hope (4:7-5:21)
A call to upright living (6:1-7:16)
Excel in giving (8:1-9:15)
Paul defends his apostleship (10:1-12:13)
Com ing with both love and authority (12:14-13:14)
After writing, Paul went to Greece and stayed there 3 months (Acts 20:2-3). Though it is
not specified in the text, doubtless, it was in the city of Corinth where he stayed, having told
them in both letters that he planned to go to them.
While in Corinth, Paul would write his letter to the church at Rome.
Pauls letter to the Romans

BASIC OUTLINE TO ROM ANS
This letter was written in the winter

of 57 AD, while Paul was at
G
God provides redem ption from sin and death (1:18-8:39)
Condem nation: Man needs the righteousness of G od (1:18-3:20)
Corinth.
Justification: Man receives the righteousness of G od (3:21-5:21)
Paul had not been to Rome, but

Sanctification: Man exhibits the righteousness of G od (6:1-8:39)
G
Israel rejects redem ption from sin and death (9:1-11:36)
desired to go. It is possible that
Israel, no longer the people of G od (9:1-29)
Phoebe (16:1-2) carried the letter
Israel, they rejected the gospel of C hrist (9:30-10:21)
Israel, not all of them will be lost (11:1-36)
to the church at Rome.
G
Practical application for those redeem ed from sin and
Paul mentions Priscilla and Aquila,

death (12:1-15:21)
The Christians m anner of life (12:1-13:14)
who had formerly dwelt in Rome
The Christians use of liberty in Christ (14:1-23)
(Acts 18:2). They went with Paul
The Christians care and concern for each other (15:1-21)
to Ephesus (Acts 18:18-19), and
were still there when he wrote the
first letter to Corinth (1 Corinthians 16:19). But now, they seem to have moved back to
Rome (16:3-5), and already had a group of Christians meeting in their home.
Paul planned to go to Rome immediately after going to Jerusalem to deliver aid to the
Christians in Judea (15:30-32), but it did not happen so. He would be arrested at
Jerusalem and spend the next 2 years imprisoned at Caesarea, before being delivered to
Rome as a prisoner.
-153-
Letters To Christians 2
In our last study, we looked at the letters of Paul written

while on his second missionary journey (1 Corinthians, 2
Corinthians, Galatians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians,
and Romans).
The remainder of Pauls letters were written after the close
of the book of Acts. Some were written while under house
arrest in Rome, prior to his release. The remainder were
either written during the short time of Pauls freedom in
Rome, or after he was rearrested.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
PAULS PRISON LETTERS

Pauls letter to the Ephesians
BASIC OUTLINE TO EPHESIANS
This letter was written in 62 or 63 AD,

G
All Spiritual Blessings In Christ (1:1-23)
shortly before Paul was released from
G
Salvation And Reconciliation In Christ (2:1-22)
custody. This letter, along with the letters
G
The Mystery Of Christ (3:1-21)
to the Colossians and Philemon were
G
W alk W orthy Of The Calling (4:1-32)
carried by Tychicus (Ephesians 6:21, 24;
G
W alk In Love...Light...W isdom ... (5:1-21)
G
Instruction For Hom e And Labour (5:22-6:9)
Colossians 4:7, 18).
G
The W hole Arm our Of God (6:10-24)
The greeting in the book of Ephesians

only lists Paul, whereas the others written
while he was under house arrest in Rome
include Timothys name also. It is possible that this book was written prior to Timothys
coming to Rome.
The book of Ephesians and that which was written to the Colossians are parallels in many
aspects. These similarities can especially be seen between Ephesians 4-5 and
Colossians 3-4, but also appear scattered elsewhere in the two books.
Ephesians can be divided into 2 major sections:

The blessings which are available in Christ Jesus (1-3)
Our responsibility to live accordingly (4-6)
The opening text of the book (1:3-14) demonstrates in great the detail the blessings which
are supplied to those who are in Christ:
...all spiritual blessings in the heavenly places in Christ... (v 3)
...He chose us in Him...that we should be holy and without blame... (v 4)
...predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ... (v 5)
...He has made us accepted in the Beloved. (v 6)
In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins... (v 7)
...made known to us the mystery of His will... (v 9)
...gather together in one all things in Christ... (v 10)
In Him also we have obtained an inheritance... (v 11)
Major themes addressed elsewhere in the book of Ephesians include:

The calling of Jew and Gentile together in the church (2:11-3:7)
A discourse on unity in Christ (4:1-16)
Relationship of Christ and the church as seen through husband/wife (5:22-33)
-154-
Pauls letter to the Colossians
Paul wrote the Colossian letter in 62 or 63 AD, shortly before his release by the Romans.
It was carried by Tuchicus (Colossians 4:7, 18; Ephesians 6:21, 24), along with the
letters to the church at Ephesus and Pauls friend, Philemon.
There is no record that the apostle

BASIC OUTLINE TO COLOSSIANS
Paul had ever preached in the city
G
Faithful Saints & The Preem inent Christ (1:1-23)
of Colossee, and he seems to
G
Receive Christ, Not A Substitute (1:24-2:23)
indicate as much in the text (1:4,
G
Put Off The Old Man...Put On The New Man (3:1-17)
2:1). However, Paul still had deep
G
Instruction For Hom e And Labour (3:18-4:6)
concern for these Christians whom
G
Closing Greetings (4:7-18)
hed never met.
Unlike the Ephesian letter, this one

does contain some personal greetings. Onesimus is mentioned, who journeyed with
Tychicus, the bearer of the letter. Onesimus was the runaway slave of Philemon. Others
mentioned include:
Aristarchus (4:10), identified as a fellow prisoner (see Acts 19:29; 20:4; 27:2);
Mark (4:10), the cousin of Barnabas (see Acts 13:5, 13; 15:37-39);
Jesus (4:11), who is called Justus;
Epaphras (4:12), who appears to have been a preacher from Colossee (1:7);
Luke (4:14), the physician and regular companion of Paul;
Demas (4:14), who would eventually fall away from the Lord (2 Timothy 4:10-11)
Paul commanded that the letter written to

To The Laodiceans
the Colossians be shared with the brethren
Som e have suggested that the letter to the
in nearby Laodicea, and the letter sent to
Ephesians was in fact to the Laodiceans, and that
the nam e of the recipient congregation had been
Laodicea also be read in Colossee. There
lost som ehow. The twin nature of the letters gives
is no Laocidean letter in Scripture, except
a m easure of validity to such a thought, though it
that which is found in the Revelation, from
cannot be known with any certainty at all.
the Christ to the angel of the church at
Laodicea.
The letter of Colossians addresses clearly

the preeminence of Christ (especially seen in 1:16-19 and 2:9-10).
Pauls letter to Philemon
Paul wrote to Philemon at the same time he wrote to the Ephesian and Colossian
churches, about 62 or 63 AD, just prior to his release from custody. This letter
accompanied the aforementioned letters, and thus would have been carried by Tychicus,
or perhaps his travel companion, and Philemons servant, Onesimus.
Philemon, unlike the other letters written by

BASIC OUTLINE TO PHILEM ON
Paul, is a personal correspondence. It is not
G
Com m endation of Philem ons faith (1:1-7)
intended to teach doctrine, or to address
G
Request on behalf of Onesim us (1:8-16)
issues in the church, but a letter written to
G
Facilitating the reunion (1:17-22)
ease the reconciliation of Philemon and his
G
Greetings (1:23-25)
runaway slave, Onesimus.
-155-
Some interesting observations from the letter to

Philemon:
A church was meeting in Philemons home (1:2)
Both Onesimus (the slave) and Philemon( the
master) learned the gospel message through the
preaching of the apostle Paul (1:10, 19)
Though it is not the intent of the letter, the
epistle demonstrates that Paul no longer kept
the Law of Moses (see Deuteronomy 23:15-16).
Onesimus
His nam e literally m eans useful,
though to Philem on he had been
useless, as a runaway slave. Paul
reveals that Onesim us now lives up to
his nam e (1:11)
Pauls letter to Philippians
Prior to Pauls release, Epaphroditus brought a gift from the church at Philippi to Paul
(2:25). This letter was written, in part, in response to that gift. Paul expresses his
expectation that he would soon be released and able to visit with the church at Philippi
again (2:23-24). The writing of this letter, because of this earnest expectation, would seem
to have followed the previous three written while under house arrest. Spring of AD 63 is
a likely time for Paul to have penned the epistle.
Paul was instrumental in the beginning of

BASIC OUTLINE TO PHILIPPIANS
the congregation at Philippi. Recall, he
G
Praise and prayer for the Philippians (1:1-11)
had stopped by the river where Lydia and
G
Pauls suffering and service for Christ (1:12-30)
others had assembled to pray. He taught
G
Securing the m ind of Christ (2:1-11)
the jailer, after being arrested and
G
Shining as lights in the world (2:12-30)
imprisoned (Acts 16). Though time had
G
Securing the knowledge of Christ (3:1-11)
G
The Prize of the upward call of God (3:12-4:1)
passed, they were still intimately
G
Securing the peace of Christ (4:2-9)
concerned for him, as he was for them.
G
Gods care for his own (4:10-23)
Some interesting observations from the

letter to Philippians:
Calling upon Gods people to display
humility, Paul beautifully portrays the perfect example of humility, Jesus (2:1-11)
We have a heavenly citizenship (3:20-21)
Among those with Paul, were some saints ...who are of Caesars household (4:22)
Sentence sermons in Philippians:

For me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain. (1:21)
But what things were gain to me, these I have counted loss for Christ. (3:7)
Rejoice in the Lord always. Again I will say, rejoice! (4:4)
Let your gentleness be known to all men. The Lord is at hand. (4:5)
I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. (4:13)
-156-
We have looked at Pauls letters to the Romans,

Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians,
Thessalonians and Philemon. Some of these were penned
while the apostle was on his second missionary journey,
others while under house arrest in Rome.
Paul was released from custody, but sometime thereafter
was again arrested and imprisoned. During this second and
final imprisonment, Paul penned letters to two young
preachers (Timothy and Titus). We look at these, and also
the book of Hebrews in this lesson.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
BETWEEN THE IMPRISONMENTS
We have very little information about what Paul did during this time of freedom, but a few
things can be ascertained from his letters to Timothy and Titus.
As I urged you when I went into Macedonia remain in Ephesus... (1 Timothy 1:3)
For this reason I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are
lacking... (Titus 1:5)
When I send Artemas to you, or Tychicus, be diligent to come to me at Nicopolis, for
I have decided to spend the winter there. (Titus 3:12)
Bring the cloak that I left with Carpus at Troas when you come and the books,
especially the parchments. (2 Timothy 4:13)
Erastus stayed in Corinth, but Trophimus I have left in Miletus sick. (2 Timothy 4:20)
The early church historian Eusebius writes the following concerning the apostle Paul:
After pleading his cause, he is said to have been sent again upon the ministry
of preaching, and after a second visit to the city that he finished his life with
martyrdom. (Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, Book II, chapter 22)
A possible travel itinerary:
From Rom e, Paul sails to Crete, and after a short stay, leaves Titus there (Titus 1:5);
He continues to Ephesus (1 Timothy 1:3), and while there, visits with Philem on in nearby
Colossae (Philemon 22);
He travels northward, com ing to Miletus, where he leaves his com panion Trophim us, who
had fallen ill (2 Timothy 4:20);
Still going northward, he visits Carpus at Troas, leaving behind a cloak, books, and
parchm ents, which he later requests Tim othy to pick up and bring to Rom e (2 Timothy 4:13);
He com es into the region of Macedonia (1 Timothy 1:3), no doubt visiting with the church
at Philippi (Philippians 2:24). Perhaps from there, he writes to Titus, asking that they m eet
and winter together in Nicopolis (Titus 3:12). It is likely that 1 Tim othy was written at this
sam e tim e;
Taking his leave from Macedonia, he journeys to Corinth, where Erastus rem ains (2
Timothy 4:20);
Eventually, he m akes his way back to the city of Rom e.
-157-
LETTERS TO PREACHERS
BASIC OUTLINE TO 1 TIM OTHY
Pauls first letter to Timothy
G
Stand For Truth, And No Other Doctrine (1:1-11, 18-20)
This letter was written in the

G
Paul, A Recipient Of Mercy (1:12-17)
fall of 63 AD, most likely from
G
The Mediator And His Church (2:1-7; 3:14-16)
somewhere in Macedonia.
G
Men And W om en In The Church (2:8-15; 5:1-2)
Paul described Timothy as his
G
Elders And Deacons (3:1-13)
beloved and faithful son in
G
False Teachers And False Teachings (4:1-5; 6:3-5)
the Lord (1 Corinthians
G
Tim othys W ork And Character (4:6-16; 6:11-16, 20-21)
G
Instruction Regarding W idows And Elders (5:3-25)
4:17). This young preacher
G
Christian Conduct (6:1-2, 6-10, 17-19)
was with the apostle regularly
from the time they had met in
Lystra, while Paul was on his
second missionary journey (Acts 16:1-3). He was a faithful messenger in many instances
for the apostle (Acts 18:5; 1 Thessalonians 3:16; Acts 19:22; 1 Corinthians 4:17;
16:10-11).
The theme of 1 Timothy can be found in 3:14-15, These things I write to you, though I
hope to come to you shortly; but if I am delayed, I write so that you may know how you
ought to conduct yourself in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the
pillar and ground of the truth.
Timothy had been left in Ephesus to address doctrinal troubles which appear to have
begun there, specifically with regard to fables and genealogies (1:3-4), for some had
...turned aside to idle talk... (1:6) and were ...giving heed to deceiving spirits and
doctrines of demons... (4:1). Recall, Paul had called the elder of Ephesus to meet with
him in Miletus, as he journeyed to Jerusalem years before, and warned them that after his
departure, men would rise up, seeking followers after themselves (Acts 20:29-31).
In 1 Timothy, Paul addresses issues regarding the leadership of the church. The differing
roles of men and women in the church is discussed (2:8-12), as well as qualifications for
elders (3:1-7) and deacons (3:8-13).
Paul gives some specific words for Timothy, especially in chapter 4:

If you instruct the brethren in these things, you will be a good minister of Jesus Christ,
nourished in the words of faith and of the good doctrine which you have carefully
followed. (4:6)
Let no one despise your youth, but be an example to the believers in word, in conduct,
in love, in spirit, in faith, in purity. (4:12)
Till I come, give attention to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine. (4:13)
Do not neglect the gift that is in you, which was given to you by prophecy with the
laying on of the hands of the eldership. (4:14)
Meditate on these things; give yourself entirely to them, that your progress may be
evident to all. (4:15)
Take heed to yourself and to the doctrine. Continue in them, for in doing this you will
save both yourself and those who hear you. (4:16)
-158-
Pauls letter to Titus

BASIC OUTLINE TO TITUS
This letter was written in the

G
Qualifications And W ork Of Elders (1:1-16)
fall of 63 AD, from the region
G
Sound Doctrine And Conduct In The Church (2:1-15)
of Macedonia. Paul requests
G
Heirs According To The Hope Of Eternal Life (3:1-15)
that Titus come to the city of
Nicopolis, where he planned
to winter. The apostle would
have met Titus on his first missionary journey. He considered him ...a true son in our
common faith... (1:4). He took this young man with him to Jerusalem where the issue of
circumcision for the Gentiles was discussed
(Acts 15; Galatians 2:1-3). During Pauls third
journey, Titus carried both letters penned by
NOTE In Scripture, three Greek words are
em ployed to speak of one office in the church,
Paul to the Corinthians a letter to the
presbuteros (elders), episkopos (overseers,
Corinthians.
bishops), and poimen (pastors, shepherds).
Titus had been left in Crete to appoint elders in

See Acts 20:17, 28; 1 Peter 5:1-3.
the churches on the island (1:5). As Paul gave
a list of qualifications for elders to Timothy, so
he does for Titus.
Qualifications listed in 1 Timothy 3:1-7
...blameless...
...husband of one wife...
...temperate...
...sober-minded...
...of good behavior...
...hospitable...
...able to teach...
...not given to wine...
...not violent...
...not greedy for money...
...gentle...
...not quarrelsome...
...not covetous...
...one who rules his own house well, having
his children in submission with all reverence...
...not a novice...
...must have a good testimony...
Qualifications listed in Titus 1:5-9

...blameless...
...husband of one wife...
...having faithful children not accused of
dissipation or insubordination...
...not self-willed...
...not quick-tempered...
...not given to wine...
...not violent...
...not greedy for money...
...hospitable...
...a lover of what is good...
...sober-minded...
...just...
...holy...
...self-controlled...
...holding fast the faithful word...
Titus, like Timothy, was warned against false teachers who turned to ...Jewish fables and
commandments of men... (1:14).
Specific exhortations to Titus include:
But as for you, speak the things which are proper for sound doctrine... (2:1)
...in all things showing yourself to be a pattern of good works; in doctrine showing
integrity, reverence, incorruptibility... (2:7)
Speak these things, exhort, and rebuke with all authority. Let no one despise you.
(2:15)
Gods call to humanity is worded in extraordinary clarity in Pauls letter to Titus. We read:
For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, teaching
us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously,
and godly in the present age, looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing
of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ. (2:11-13)
-159-
One of their own prophets commented, Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy
gluttons. Paul confirms, This testimony is true. (1:12-13). Note the emphasis placed on
good works throughout the remainder of the letter:
They profess to know God, but in works they deny Him, being abominable,
disobedient, and disqualified for every good work. (1:16)
...in all things showing yourself to be a pattern of good works... (2:7)
...who gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and
purify for Himself His own special people, zealous for good works. (2:14)
Remind them to be subject to rulers and authorities, to obey, to be ready for every
good work... (3:1)
This is a faithful saying, and these things I want you to affirm constantly, that those
who have believed in God should be careful to maintain good works. These things are
good and profitable to men. (3:8)
And let our people also learn to maintain good works, to meet urgent needs, that they
may not be unfruitful. (3:14)
Between The Writing Of 1 Timothy & Titus And The Writing Of 2 Timothy
That some time passed before Paul wrote the second letter to Timothy is evident, since
he is free and in Macedonia in both 1 Timothy and Titus, but is in prison at Rome, and
expecting his death to be soon in 2 Timothy. What happened in the interim?
At one time, Paul had expected to go to Spain (Romans 15:22-24), and to stop in Rome
on his way there. However, 6 or 7 years had passed between his writing those words to
the church at Rome and the time currently under consideration. Did he, before being
bound again in Rome, make his way to Spain? In a letter written to Corinth by Clement of
Alexandria, nearing the end of the first century, this contemporary of Paul spoke of the
apostle as
...having taught righteousness to the whole world, and come to the
extreme limit of the west, and suffered martyrdom under the perfects...
(First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians)
These words have fuelled speculation that Paul did journey to Spain, and in the mind of
some, even to Britain.
Tacitus, a first century Roman historian, writes of a great fire which burned 10 of 14
districts in the city of Rome. The common perception was that Nero himself was
responsible for the fire, thus, to divert attention from himself, the emperor laid the blame
for the destruction upon the Christians.
At the command of Nero, Christians were
First, Nero had self-acknowledged Christians
persecuted and put to death. In 64-65 AD,
arrested. Then, on their information, large numbers
Peter was crucified in Rome (according to
of others were condem ned not so much for
incendiarism as for their anti-social tendencies.
the record of Clement of Alexandria and
Their deaths were made farcical. Dressed in wild
Dionysius of Corinth). Paul was beheaded
animals skins, they were torn to pieces by dogs, or
shortly thereafter, perhaps in 66 AD. We
crucified, or made into torches to be ignited after
have no details about Pauls arrest, nor
dark as substitutes for daylight... Despite their guilt
about his imprisonment, except the bit of
as Christians, and the ruthless punishm ent it
deserved, the victims were pitied. For it was felt that
information which is recorded in 2
they were being sacrificed to one mans brutality
Timothy.
rather than to the national interest.
(Tacitus, Annals)
-160-
Pauls second letter to Timothy

BASIC OUTLINE TO 2 TIM OTHY
Paul had already been

G
Heritage, Courage And Perseverance In The Faith (1:1-18)
arrested, and expected to be
G
A Good Soldier Of Jesus Christ (2:1-26)
put to death soon when this
G
Perilous Tim es (3:1-17)
second letter to Timothy was
G
The Tim e Of My Departure Is At Hand (4:1-22)
penned. It would have been
written in 65-66 AD, from
Rome.
Paul encouraged young Timothy to ...not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor
of me His prisoner... (1:8), as some at that time, due to the persecutions, were renouncing
their faith. Throughout this letter, there are statements which demonstrate the apostles
deep concern that the preaching of the gospel not be set aside because of the current
trouble, but rather than it be continued with perseverance.
And the things that you have heard from me among many witnesses, commit these to
faithful men who will be able to teach others also. You therefore must endure hardship
as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. (2:2-3)
Remember that Jesus Christ, of the seed of David, was raised from the dead
according to my gospel, for which I suffer trouble as an evildoer, even to the point of
chains; but the word of God is not chained. (2:8-9)
Yes, and all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will suffer persecution... continue
in the things which you have learned and been assured of, knowing from whom you
have learned them. (3:12, 14)
Preach the word! Be ready in season and out of season. Convince, rebuke, exhort,
with all longsuffering and teaching... be watchful in all things, endure afflictions, do the
work of an evangelist, fulfill your ministry. (4:2, 5)
At the time of writing, it appears that Paul knew he

Being a Rom an citizen, Paul was
was going to be put to death, For I am already being
beheaded, though a dreadful m eans
poured out as a drink offering, and the time of my
of death, quick. Rom an citizens were
not to be crucified, or to endure other
departure is at hand. (4:6). Thus, he urged Timothy to
form s of torturous death.
come quickly, before winter (4:9, 21). We do not know
if Timothy made it to Rome to see Paul before he was
beheaded.
BASIC OUTLINE TO HEBREW S
THE BOOK OF HEBREWS

G
Jesus, The Son Of God (1:1-14)
Purpose
G
Jesus, The Son Of Man (2:1-18)
The primary purpose of the

G
Hear The Voice Of The Lord (3:1-19)
book is undoubtedly to
G
Attainm ent Of Rest (4:1-16)
convince Hebrew Christians
G
God Provides For Our Spiritual Maturity (5:1-14)
G
Progressing In Christ (6:1-20)
to persevere to the end in
G
Need For A New Priesthood (7:1-28)
their faith, and not to return
G
The New High Priest And Covenant (8:1-13)
to their former religion,
G
The New And Better Tabernacle (9:1-28)
Judaism.
G
Now Draw Close To God And Rem ain Close (10:1-39)
In order to convince these

G
A People Of Faith (11:1-40)
Hebrew brethren to remain
G
Trained To Endure The Race (12:1-29)
G
Apply Those Things W hich You Have Been Taught (13:1-25)
faithful and to forsake all
thought of a return to
Judaism, the writer
irrefutably establishes the supremacy of Christianity.
-161-
Though the primary theme surrounds the supremacy of Christ, one cannot overlook the
occasion which necessitated such a discussion, the tendency of some to drift away from
the Lord. Using Israel of old as his example, the writer admonishes the reader to
faithfulness.
Date
The date of writing for the book of Hebrews has been suggested as somewhere between
60-66 AD. There are some expressions in the text which indicate that the book was written
a considerable amount of time after the day of Pentecost:
For though by this time you ought to be teachers, you need someone to teach you
again the first principles of the oracles of God; and you have come to need milk and not
solid food. (5:12)
But recall the former days in which, after you were illuminated, you endured a great
struggle with sufferings: partly while you were made a spectacle both by reproaches
and tribulations, and partly while you became companions of those who were so
treated... (10:32-33)
Other expressions in the text indicate that the book was written before the demise of
Judaism in the years leading up to the destruction of the temple in 70 AD:
For if He were on earth, He would not be a priest, since there are priests who offer the
gifts according to the law... (8:4)
And every priest stands ministering daily and offering repeatedly the same sacrifices,
which can never take away sins... (10:11)
Author
The writer of the book of Hebrews does not identify himself. Some have supposed that it
is the apostle Paul, some have attributed the book to some other author (ie. Barnabas,
Apollos, Philip the evangelist).
The writers knowledge of Timothy and his situation (13:23), and the indication that the
writer himself was in prison in Rome (10:34; 13:19, 24) may lead one to conclude that Paul
wrote the book.
On the other hand, the statement of 2:3-4, where the writer appears to include himself
among those to whom the word had been confirmed is at odds with Pauls independence
of other men, including the apostles, so far as receiving the gospel (Galatians 1:11-24).
Paul consistently identified himself as an apostle, and defended his apostleship in his
writings. This book, in contrast, does not speak of the writer as an apostle. Of course, this
does not necessitate that Paul is not the writer. He may have written the book, realizing
that to place his name upon it would be detrimental to its reception among Jewish
Christians and Jews who had not yet obeyed the gospel.
-162-
Key Word
The word better appears time and again in the book. If the purpose is to show the
superiority of following Christ, it is necessary to focus on the better things that are in Christ.
...we are confident of better things concerning you, yes, things that accompany
salvation... (6:9)
...the lesser is blessed by the better... (7:7)
...the bringing in of a better hope... (7:19)
...Jesus has become a surety of a better covenant... (7:22)
...He is also Mediator of a better covenant, which was established on better promises.
(8:6)
...the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. (9:23)
...you have a better and an enduring possession for yourselves in heaven. (10:34)
...now they desire a better, that is, a heavenly country... (11:16)
...that they might obtain a better resurrection... (11:35)
God having provided something better for us... (11:40)
...Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling that speaks
of better things than that of Abel. (12:24)
-163-
Of the New Testament epistles, we have thus far

considered the writings of the apostle Paul. We have
looked at the letters penned while on his second
missionary journey (1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians,
Galatians, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, & Romans), the
prison epistles (Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, &
Philippians), and his letters to preachers (1 Timothy, Titus
& 2 Timothy). As well, we have considered the book of
Hebrews, which may have been penned by Paul also.
Now, we turn our attention to the remaining letters found in
the New Testament. Herein, we shall consider the epistle
written by James, the two epistles of Peter, and that of
Jude.
CREATION
THE FLOOD
SCATTERINGS
PATRIARCHS
EXODUS
CONQUEST OF CANAAN
JUDGES
UNITED KINGDOM
DIVIDED KINGDOM
JUDAH ALONE
JUDAH IN CAPTIVITY
YEARS OF SILENCE
LIFE OF CHRIST
EARLY CHURCH
THE EPISTLE OF JAMES

THE EPISTLE OF JAM ES
Author
G
The testing of your faith (1:1-12)
There are three James who readily

G
The source of tem ptation (1:13-18)
come to mind in the Scriptures, the
G
Active faith obeys the word (1:19-27)
first two being apostles:
G
Active faith rem oves discrim ination (2:1-13)
James, the son of Zebedee;
G
Active faith proves itself by works (2:14-26)
G
Active faith controls the tongue (3:1-12)
James, the son of Alphaeus;
G
Active faith produces wisdom (3:13-18)
James, the brother of the Lord.
G
Active faith produces hum ility (4:1-12)
The first James suffered early

G
Active faith produces dependence on God (4:13-5:6)
martyrdom (44 AD, Acts 12), which
G
Endure the waiting for Christs return (5:7-12)
likely excludes him from
G
Your spiritual conduct shows your faith (5:13-18)
consideration. Information about
G
Have care for the erring brother (5:19-20)
the second James is so scarce, it
would be impossible to conclude
that he wrote the book. The third James, the Lords
AN APOSTLE OR NOT?
brother, is generally accepted as the author. At first,
Jam es, the Lords brother was not one
James did not believe (John 7:1-5), but after he
of the apostles, and yet, in Galatians
submitted to the will of God, he became a prominent
1:19, Paul refers to him as an apostle!
leader in the church (Acts 15:13; 21:18; 1
The Greek word apostolos sim ply
refers to one who is a chosen delegate
Corinthians 15:7; Galatians 1:19; 2:9, 12), though
or m essenger. Most tim es, when we
not an apostle.
see the word, we think of apostles of
Christ, but the word is used elsewhere
of those who were apostles of the
church (Galatians 1:19; 2 Corinthians
8:23; Philippians 2:25) or apostles of
the Holy Spirit (Acts 14:14).
Date
There is no definite date which can be attributed to

the book, though there are certainly some guidelines
to fall within. Both Josephus and Eusebius, early
historians indicate that James was killed at the hands
of the Jews in 62 AD. Placement of the writing could
be any time prior to this.
Not, there is no mention of Gentile believers (which one might expect, had the letter beein
written after 50 AD, when the Jerusalem council took place).
-164-
Purpose
The book can be broken down into three major sections:

1 The Test Of Faith (1:1-18)
2 The Characteristics Of Active Faith (1:19-5:6)
3 The Triumph Of Faith (5:7-20)
The intent of the book is to gain a match between the Christs lifestyle and profession of
faith. Note some key phrases:
...be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves... (1:22)
...justified by works, and not by faith only. (2:24)
...faith without works is dead... (2:26)
Draw near to God, and He will draw near to you... (4:8)
The effective fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much. (5:16)
Throughout, we find that we must approach God and daily life with a living and active faith.
Interesting Details
The book is addressed to ...the twelve tribes which

...a great persecution arose against
are scattered abroad..., indicating that it was not to
the church which was at Jerusalem;
a specific church, but to all of Gods people who had
and they were all scattered throughout
the regions of Judea and Samaria,
been scattered. Also, the reference to twelve tribes
except the apostles... (Acts 8:1)
would limit the audience at the time to Jewish
Christians.
The assembly of Christians is

referred to by the use of two
different Greek words:
Do not confuse the works spoken of in the latter portion of James
2:2 Gr. sunagoge, which 2 with the works of which Paul said, "...a man is justified by faith
apart from the deeds of the law ." (Rom ans 3:28). Paul says we
g i ve s t h e E n g l i s h ,
cannot be saved by perfectly keeping the law of Moses. Jam es
synagogue;
acknowledges, as Paul, that those who try to be justified by the
5:14 Gr. ekklesia, which
law are a debtor to keep the whole law (James 2:10-11;
gives the English, church
G alatians 5:2-4). However, Jam es is not speaking of the works
of the law of Moses in the latter portion of James 2, for he says,
or assembly.
"...a m an is justified by w orks, and not by faith only." (2:24).
Does James contradict Paul?

Be careful not to confuse works of obedience to the law of Moses
Some have said that James
and works of obedience to the law of Christ.
and
Paul
were
in
contradiction so far as works.
Is this so?
THE FIRST EPISTLE OF PETER
Author
THE FIRST EPISTLE OF PETER
There is no doubt of the authorship, as the

G
The salvation of the believer (1:1-2:12)
writer identifies himself as Peter, an
G
The subm ission of the believer (2:13-3:12)
apostle of Jesus Christ (1:1). Later in the
G
The suffering of the believer (3:13-5:14)
writing, he reveals that he was ...a witness
to the sufferings of Christ... (5:1)
He was a Galilean fisherman, chosen by the Lord to become a fisher of man. His call as
an apostle didnt change his rough exterior. Though he was determined to teach about
Christ, the religious elite considered ...uneducated and untrained... (Acts 4:13).
-165-
Four different names from three different languages are used of Peter:
Simeon, Acts 15:14 (Hebrew)
Simon, Matthew 4:18 (Greek)
Petros, Matthew 4:18 (Greek)
Cephas, John 1 :42 (Aramaic)
Peter was the son of Jonah (Matthew 16:17) and brother of Andrew (John 1:40-42). He
was a married man (Matthew 8:14; 1 Corinthians 9:5), and had a home in Capernaum
(Mark 1:21, 29).
Date
Peters reference to persecutions in the epistle best fit the time of Nero, who began to reign
as emperor in 63-64 AD. According to Clement of Alexandria and Dionysius of Corinth,
Peter was crucified in Rome in 64-65 AD. Thus, both this first epistle, and the second,
would have been written sometime between 63-65 AD.
Purpose
The book serves two purposes, both duties which the Lord conferred upon Peter. In it he:
encourages and strengthens brethren in trials (Luke 22:32), and
feeds the people of God (John 21:15-17)
Enduring suffering is a major topic through the book, as evidenced by the frequency with
which sufferings are mentioned:
...now for a little while, if need be, you have been grieved by various trials... (1:6)
...testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow... (1:11)
...this is commendable, if because of conscience toward God one endures grief,
suffering wrongfully. (2:19)
...to this you were called, because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example,
that you should follow His steps... (2:21)
...when He suffered, He did not threaten... (2:23)
...not returning evil for evil or reviling for reviling... (3:9)
...even if you should suffer for righteousness sake, you are blessed... (3:14)
...it is better, if it is the will of God, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil... (3:17)
...Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust... (3:18)
...since Christ suffered for us in the flesh, arm yourselves also with the same mind, for
he who has suffered in the flesh has ceased from sin... (4:1)
...do not think it strange concerning the fiery trial which is to try you... (4:12)
...but rejoice to the extent that you partake of Christs sufferings... (4:13)
If you are reproached for the name of Christ, blessed are you... (4:14)
...let none of you suffer as a murderer, a thief, an evildoer, or as a busybody... (4:15)
Yet if anyone suffers as a Christian, let him not be ashamed... (4:16)
...let those who suffer according to the will of God commit their souls to Him in doing
good... (4:19)
...I who am a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ... (5:1)
...knowing that the same sufferings are experienced by your brotherhood... (5:9)
...may the God of all grace... after you have suffered a while, perfect, establish,
strengthen, and settle you. (5:10)
-166-
THE SECOND EPISTLE OF PETER

Author
THE SECOND EPISTLE OF PETER
Like the first epistle, Peter clearly

G
The greatness of Gods word (1:1-21)
identifies himself, Simon Peter, a
G
The enem ies of Gods way (2:1-22)
bondservant and apostle of Jesus Christ
G
The day of the Lord will com e (3:1-18)
(1:1). Notice, this address differs from the
former, in that now Peter speaks of
himself as a bondservant. This is a good
indication that he was imprisoned at the time of writing this epistle. Information later in
the epistle (1:13-15) indicates that Peter expected to be put to death soon.
Date
Peter is close to the time of his death, which both Clement of Alexandria and Dionysius
of Corinth peg at 64-65 AD. This epistle would have been written in either of those
years.
Purpose
Peter used this second epistle as a means of reminding the recipients of the need to be
faithful. Three times, he specifically says that he is writing to provide a reminder (1:12,
15; 3:1).
In the first letter, Peter encouraged the saints to stand in the midst of persecutions from
without. Those persecutions had not subsided, but, in this second epistle, his
admonition to them is to stand faithful in the face of false teachers and doctrines.
A key thought in this epistle is diligence. Notice:

...for this very reason, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue... (1:5)
...be even more diligent to make your call and election sure... (1:10)
Example #1: ...Noah, one of eight people, a preacher of righteousness... (2:5)
Example #2: ...righteous Lot... (for that righteous man, dwelling among them,
tormented his righteous soul from day to day...) (2:7-8)
...what manner of persons ought you to be in holy conduct and godliness... (3:11)
...looking forward to these things, be diligent to be found by Him in peace... (3:14)
THE EPISTLE OF JUDE
Author
THE EPISTLE OF JUDE
The author identifies himself as Jude, a

G
Purpose in writing (1:1-4)
servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of
G
Description of false teachers (1:5-16)
James (1:1). This name is otherwise
G
Defense against false teachers (1:17-25)
given in Scripture as Judas. We know of
a few people with this name.
Judas Iscariot, who was an apostle of
the Lord, but after betraying Him, went out and killed himself;
Judas, the brother of James (Luke 6:16; Acts 1:13) [Lebbaeus or Thaddeus, M t 10 / M k 3];
Judas, Jesus brother (Matthew 13:55; Mark 6:3);
Judas Barsabas (Acts 15:22, 27, 32)
Since the writer identifies himself as the brother of James, but excludes himself from
those who were apostles (v 17-18), it would seem to be Jude, the brother of James,
and brother of our Lord.
-167-
Date
The date of writing is unknown, but appears to be after the writing of 2 Peter, since
Jude quotes from that book (see Jude 18 & 2 Peter 3:3).
Purpose
To warn against false teachers. In doing this, Jude:

calls upon the saints to ...contend earnestly for the
faith... (v 3)
warns that some false teachers have ...crept in
unnoticed... (v 4)
reveals the extent of their heresy, ...denying the only
Lord God and our Lord Jesus Christ... (v 4)
supplies examples of how God dealt with the wicked in
times past (v 5-7)
exposes their disdain for authority (v 8-10)
likens them to evil men of the past (v 11)
characterizes them (v 12-13, 16, 19)
reveals their end, according to prophecy (v 14-15)
discusses how to deal with them (v 20-23)
-168-
Contend Gr. epagonizomai

to struggle for.
This is the word used to
speak of Olym pic wrestling.
One can see our English
word agonize in the m idst
of the word.

One Story

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

One Story

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

For other Bible based materials, visit:

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

Over and over, the Lord saw regarding

Genesis 1 is the chronological creation; Genesis 2 is the creation in relation to man.

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

From among all the people of all the

Patriarchs are: Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.

Joseph was sold into slavery and endured

It 10 plagues for Pharaoh to finally send the

Israel exited Egypt, crossed the Red Sea. A

A nation needs a law, so God brought Israel

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

Israel mightily defeated Jericho, but met

Israel receive the land (Central, Southern,

The land was divided up among the tribes

HUB PROMISE FULFILLED - LAND

A distinct pattern is visible through the book

Saul is chosen by the people to reign as their king. His reign

David is chosen by God to replace Saul; in fact he had been

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

Like their northern counterparts, Judah

For approximately 400 years, the Lord did

Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord God,

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

Note how God closes out the Old Testament

The four gospels record portions of the life of

The book of Acts records the beginning of the

seeds, as of many, but as of one, And to your

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

In The Beginning God Created

Who was active in Creation? Certainly, we can say God,

The days of creation:

Is man still made in the image of God? Some argue that

Genesis 1 records the chronology of creation; Genesis

O LORD, our Lord, how excellent is Your

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

Through One Man Sin Entered The World

Our first introduction to Satan. He appears as a serpent,

Note the reasoning which resulted

Satan promised: ...eyes opened...

Woman pains in childbearing; role of submission to husband.

Why do we sin? (Jms 1:13-15)

Can we overcome sin? (1 Co 10:13)

Consider how the Bible speak of and defines sin:

THE ONE STORY OF THE BIBLE

The Offspring of Adam

Cain brought a gratitude offering (Pr 3:9-10), as did Abel

We cannot approach God acceptably without atonement.

HIS COUNTENANCE FELL

Cains failing resulted in anger and

Cain did not do well. He failed to recognize

Why did Cain kill Abel?

As God gave Adam and Eve opportunity to

Abels blood testified of Cains wickedness

God justly punished Cain, and yet amidst his

If you do well, will you not be accepted? And if you

For this is the message that you heard from the

Cain Enoch Irad Mehujael Methushael Lamech.

Lamech is the first reported case of polygamy in Scripture.

Genesis is a book of beginnings. Consider Lamechs children:

He killed a man, apparently in self-defence. Is 4:24 confidence